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<document id="77097DAE99E1DC49E7C88C3B520E6B92" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3725.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5268043" ID-ZooBank="01F895B7-6FFD-44A0-89AB-9236A3FE09AF" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629916762276" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Pucci, Thomas M." docDate="2013" docId="03C0F07BFFBFFFA0FF1CFA913BD910E8" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03725p150.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3725 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3725.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Microctonus aethiops" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="13" masterDocId="FFF98803FFB4FFACFF8BFFB83F241145" masterDocTitle="Contributions to the classification of North American Microctonus (Braconidae, Euphorinae)" masterLastPageNumber="150" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="12" updateTime="1699127894928" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="EBE3EBED3838FA41E69858FB35486DEB">Contributions to the classification of North American Microctonus (Braconidae, Euphorinae)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03C0F07BFFBFFFA0FF1CFA913BD910E8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C0F07BFFBFFFA0FF1CFA913BD910E8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C0F07BFFBFFFA0FF1CFA913BD910E8" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<subSubSection id="C37312E6FFBFFFA7FF1CFA913D091406" box="[151,557,1321,1347]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD6416DFFBFFFA7FF1CFA913D091406" blockId="11.[151,557,1321,1381]" box="[151,557,1321,1347]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<heading id="D09EF601FFBFFFA7FF1CFA913D091406" bold="true" box="[151,557,1321,1347]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C693AEEFFBFFFA7FF1CFA913D091406" authority="(Nees von Esenbeck)" baseAuthorityName="Nees von Esenbeck" box="[151,557,1321,1347]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Microctonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aethiops">
<emphasis id="B91D9D7FFFBFFFA7FF1CFA913D091406" bold="true" box="[151,557,1321,1347]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B91D9D7FFFBFFFA7FF1CFA913E001406" bold="true" box="[151,292,1321,1347]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">M. aethiops</emphasis>
(Nees von Esenbeck)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37312E6FFBFFFA7FF1CFAF43E0E1420" box="[151,298,1356,1381]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD6416DFFBFFFA7FF1CFAF43E0E1420" blockId="11.[151,557,1321,1381]" box="[151,298,1356,1381]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<figureCitation id="13525DE8FFBFFFA7FF1CFAF43E0E1420" box="[151,298,1356,1381]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 5" captionStart-1="FIGURE 6" captionStart-2="FIGURE 7" captionStart-3="FIGURE 8" captionStart-4="FIGURE 9" captionStart-5="FIGURE 10" captionStartId-0="29.[151,249,1315,1337]" captionStartId-1="30.[151,249,1688,1710]" captionStartId-2="31.[151,249,2002,2024]" captionStartId-3="32.[151,249,1999,2021]" captionStartId-4="33.[151,249,1119,1141]" captionStartId-5="34.[151,249,1709,1731]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,193,1294]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,193,1667]" captionTargetBox-2="[246,1332,185,1981]" captionTargetBox-3="[194,1393,193,1978]" captionTargetBox-4="[151,1436,193,1097]" captionTargetBox-5="[151,1436,193,1688]" captionTargetId-0="figure-23@29.[151,1436,193,1294]" captionTargetId-1="figure-27@30.[151,1436,193,1667]" captionTargetId-2="figure-23@31.[246,1332,185,1981]" captionTargetId-3="figure-22@32.[194,1393,193,1978]" captionTargetId-4="figure-21@33.[151,1436,193,1097]" captionTargetId-5="figure-24@34.[151,1436,193,1688]" captionTargetPageId-0="29" captionTargetPageId-1="30" captionTargetPageId-2="31" captionTargetPageId-3="32" captionTargetPageId-4="33" captionTargetPageId-5="34" captionText-0="FIGURE 5. M. aethiops, lateral view, paratype." captionText-1="FIGURE 6. M. aethiops, anterior view of head, paratype." captionText-2="FIGURE 7. M. aethiops, petiole and propodeum, paratype." captionText-3="FIGURE 8. M. aethiops, mesonotum." captionText-4="FIGURE 9. M. aethiops, mesopleuron." captionText-5="FIGURE 10. Distribution of M. aethiops." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5268053" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5268055" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5268057" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5268059" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5268061" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5268065" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5268053/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5268055/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5268057/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/5268059/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/5268061/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/5268065/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figures 5–10</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37312E6FFBFFFA7FF1CFA353DA514BA" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BD6416DFFBFFFA7FF1CFA353DB214E6" blockId="11.[151,662,1421,1535]" box="[151,662,1421,1443]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="4C693AEEFFBFFFA7FF1CFA353DB514E6" ID-CoL="7766Q" authority="Nees von Esenbeck, 1834, p 32" authorityName="Nees von Esenbeck" authorityPageNumber="32" authorityYear="1834" box="[151,657,1421,1443]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Perilitus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aethiops">
<emphasis id="B91D9D7FFFBFFFA7FF1CFA353E6E14E6" box="[151,330,1421,1443]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Perilitus aethiops</emphasis>
Nees von Esenbeck, 1834, p 32
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD6416DFFBFFFA7FF1CFA143D111487" blockId="11.[151,662,1421,1535]" box="[151,565,1452,1474]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="4C693AEEFFBFFFA7FF1CFA143D151487" authority="Ruthe, 1856, p 297" authorityName="Ruthe" authorityPageNumber="297" authorityYear="1856" box="[151,561,1452,1474]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Microctonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spurius">
<emphasis id="B91D9D7FFFBFFFA7FF1CFA143E431484" box="[151,359,1452,1473]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Microctonus spurius</emphasis>
Ruthe, 1856, p 297
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD6416DFFBFFFA7FF1CFA733D7314A5" blockId="11.[151,662,1421,1535]" box="[151,599,1482,1504]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="4C693AEEFFBFFFA7FF1CFA733D7714A5" authority="Loan, 1975, p 33" authorityName="Loan" authorityPageNumber="33" authorityYear="1975" box="[151,595,1482,1504]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Microctonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aethiopoides">
<emphasis id="B91D9D7FFFBFFFA7FF1CFA733EB914A5" box="[151,413,1482,1504]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Microctonus aethiopoides</emphasis>
Loan, 1975, p 33
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD6416DFFBFFFA7FF1CFA513DA514BA" blockId="11.[151,662,1421,1535]" box="[151,641,1513,1535]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B91D9D7FFFBFFFA7FF1CFA513F8414BA" box="[151,160,1513,1535]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">?</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C693AEEFFBFFFA7FF2BFA513D5A14BA" authority="Thompson, 1892, p 1747" authorityName="Thompson, 1892, p" authorityPageNumber="1747" authorityYear="1747" box="[160,638,1513,1535]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Euphorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevispina">
<emphasis id="B91D9D7FFFBFFFA7FF2BFA513E5214BA" box="[160,374,1513,1535]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Euphorus brevispina</emphasis>
Thompson, 1892, p 1747
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37312E6FFBFFFA0FF1CF9943BD910E8" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BD6416DFFBFFFA7FF1CF9943D89172D" blockId="11.[151,1436,1580,2037]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Distribution: Established in
<collectingCountry id="F37E01FDFFBFFFA7FE50F9943D281700" box="[475,524,1580,1605]" name="United States of America" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">U.S.</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F37E01FDFFBFFFA7FDC2F9943D841700" box="[585,672,1580,1605]" name="Canada" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Canada</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37E01FDFFBFFFA7FD25F9943C6E1700" box="[686,842,1580,1605]" name="New Zealand" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37E01FDFFBFFFA7FCD3F9943C9B1700" box="[856,959,1580,1605]" name="Australia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Australia</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F37E01FDFFBFFFA7FC70F9943B1F1706" box="[1019,1083,1580,1603]" name="Japan" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Japan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF83C9CFFBFFFA7FBC7F9943A061700" author="Haeselbarth, E." box="[1100,1314,1580,1605]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1013 - 1152" refId="ref23197" refString="Haeselbarth, E. (2008) Zur Braconiden-Gattung Perilitus NEES 1818 3. Beitrag: Die Arten ohne ausgebildetem ersten Cubitus- Abschnitt (Hymenoptera, Braconidae). Linzer Biologische Beitrage, 40, 1013 - 1152." type="journal article" year="2008">Haeselbarth, 2008</bibRefCitation>
); native to Europe, northern Africa and south-central Asia.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD6416DFFBFFFA7FF4CF9CC3C2617EA" blockId="11.[151,1436,1580,2037]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Specimens examined (North America only): Approximately 1,122 from 125 collection events; questionable female identifications: eight from six collection events.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD6416DFFBFFFA7FF4CF9043DCF1790" blockId="11.[151,1436,1580,2037]" box="[199,747,1724,1749]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Flight period: Over 95% from May through July.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD6416DFFBFFFA7FF4CF9673EDB16B6" blockId="11.[151,1436,1580,2037]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Remarks: There are two major biotypes of
<taxonomicName id="4C693AEEFFBFFFA7FD26F9593C1617BD" authorityName="Nees von Esenbeck" authorityYear="1834" box="[685,818,1760,1784]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Perilitus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aethiops">
<emphasis id="B91D9D7FFFBFFFA7FD26F9593C1617BD" box="[685,818,1760,1784]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">M. aethiops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, parasitoids of
<taxonomicName id="4C693AEEFFBFFFA7FC6AF9593B1117BD" box="[993,1077,1761,1784]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Hypera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91D9D7FFFBFFFA7FC6AF9593B1117BD" box="[993,1077,1761,1784]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Hypera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and those of
<taxonomicName id="4C693AEEFFBFFFA7FB45F9583FFF1658" authority="(Vink et al. 2003)" baseAuthorityName="Vink" baseAuthorityYear="2003" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Sitona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91D9D7FFFBFFFA7FB45F9583A3217B2" box="[1230,1302,1760,1783]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Sitona</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF83C9CFFBFFFA7FAAEF9673FF01658" author="Vink, C. J. &amp; Phillips, C. B. &amp; Mitchell, A. D. &amp; Winder, L. M. &amp; Cane, R. P." pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="251 - 264" refId="ref24450" refString="Vink, C. J., Phillips, C. B., Mitchell, A. D., Winder, L. M. &amp; Cane, R. P. (2003) Genetic variation in Microctonus aethiopoides (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Biological Control, 28, 251 - 264. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / S 1049 - 9644 (03) 00103 - 8" type="journal article" year="2003">Vink et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFF83C9CFFBFFFA7FF6EF8BC3EEE1658" author="Adler, P. H. &amp; Kim, K. C." box="[229,458,1796,1821]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="279 - 283" refId="ref22692" refString="Adler, P. H. &amp; Kim, K. C. (1985) Morphological and morphometric analyses of European and Moroccan biotypes of Microctonus aethiopoides (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 78, 279 - 283." type="journal article" year="1985">Adler &amp; Kim (1985)</bibRefCitation>
documented the morphological differences between the “European biotype” (originally from
<collectingCountry id="F37E01FDFFBFFFA7FF50F8903E0E167A" box="[219,298,1832,1855]" name="France" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">France</collectingCountry>
, on
<taxonomicName id="4C693AEEFFBFFFA7FEECF8913E9F1605" box="[359,443,1833,1856]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Hypera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91D9D7FFFBFFFA7FEECF8913E9F1605" box="[359,443,1833,1856]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Hypera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and the “Moroccan biotype” (on
<taxonomicName id="4C693AEEFFBFFFA7FCECF8903C8A167A" box="[871,942,1832,1855]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Sitona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91D9D7FFFBFFFA7FCECF8903C8A167A" box="[871,942,1832,1855]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Sitona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The females were separated with little overlap—the European specimens have 20–22 flagellomeres (verses 18–20), two labial palpomeres (versus three), are larger, more setose, darker, and have more areolation on the mesoscutum (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF83C9CFFBFFFA7FB88F8D73BFA16CD" author="Adler, P. H. &amp; Kim, K. C." box="[1027,1246,1903,1928]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="279 - 283" refId="ref22692" refString="Adler, P. H. &amp; Kim, K. C. (1985) Morphological and morphometric analyses of European and Moroccan biotypes of Microctonus aethiopoides (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 78, 279 - 283." type="journal article" year="1985">Adler &amp; Kim 1985</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EFF83C9CFFBFFFA7FB79F8D73E0116E8" author="Sundaralingam, S. &amp; Hower, A. A. &amp; Kim, K. C." pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="25 - 41" refId="ref24336" refString="Sundaralingam, S., Hower, A. A. &amp; Kim, K. C. (2001) Host selection and reproductive success of French and Moroccan populations of the parasitoid, Microctonus aethiopoides (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). BioControl, 46, 25 - 41. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1023 / A: 1009914907209" type="journal article" year="2001">Sundaralingam et al. (2001)</bibRefCitation>
found a mating preference for like strains in the laboratory and noted that although the European biotype preferred
<taxonomicName id="4C693AEEFFBFFFA7FEEBF8013DB01694" authority="(Gyllenhal)" baseAuthorityName="Gyllenhal" baseAuthorityYear="1813" box="[352,660,1976,2001]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Hypera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="postica">
<emphasis id="B91D9D7FFFBFFFA7FEEBF8013D281695" box="[352,524,1977,2000]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Hypera postica</emphasis>
(Gyllenhal)
</taxonomicName>
as a host, it produced viable offspring on
<taxonomicName id="4C693AEEFFBFFFA7FBE6F8003B91168A" box="[1133,1205,1976,1999]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Sitona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91D9D7FFFBFFFA7FBE6F8003B91168A" box="[1133,1205,1976,1999]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Sitona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
while the Moroccan biotype was restricted to
<taxonomicName id="4C693AEEFFBFFFA7FE3BF8643ED316B6" box="[432,503,2012,2035]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Sitona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91D9D7FFFBFFFA7FE3BF8643ED316B6" box="[432,503,2012,2035]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Sitona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD6416DFFB8FFA0FF4CFF2F3DEC1020" blockId="12.[151,1436,151,429]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
The European biotype has been established in North America (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF83C9CFFB8FFA0FC0AFF2F3B8A11F5" author="Radcliffe, E. B. &amp; Flanders, K. L." box="[897,1198,151,176]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="225 - 242" refId="ref24010" refString="Radcliffe, E. B. &amp; Flanders, K. L. (1998) Biological control of alfalfa weevil in North America. IntegratedPest Management Reviews, 3, 225 - 242. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1023 / A: 1009611219360" type="journal article" year="1998">Radcliffe &amp; Flanders 1998</bibRefCitation>
) and is the only form considered in other sections of the present work. The Moroccan biotype has been released in Kentucky (Yeargan 1985 (cited in
<bibRefCitation id="EFF83C9CFFB8FFA0FED9FF673D3B11BD" author="Vink, C. J. &amp; Phillips, C. B. &amp; Mitchell, A. D. &amp; Winder, L. M. &amp; Cane, R. P." box="[338,543,223,248]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="251 - 264" refId="ref24450" refString="Vink, C. J., Phillips, C. B., Mitchell, A. D., Winder, L. M. &amp; Cane, R. P. (2003) Genetic variation in Microctonus aethiopoides (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Biological Control, 28, 251 - 264. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / S 1049 - 9644 (03) 00103 - 8" type="journal article" year="2003">Vink et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
)) and Manitoba (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF83C9CFFB8FFA0FD71FF673C8711BD" author="McLeod, J. H." box="[762,931,223,248]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref23738" refString="McLeod, J. H. (1962) Part I - Biological Control of Pests of Crops, Fruit Trees, Ornamentals, and Weeds in Canada up to 1959. In: A Review of the Biological Control Attempts Against Insects and Weeds in Canada. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux Farnham Royal, Bucks, England, pp. 1 - 30." type="book chapter" year="1962">McLeod 1962</bibRefCitation>
) but has apparently not been established (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF83C9CFFB8FFA0FF15FEBC3EFF1058" author="Sundaralingam, S. &amp; Hower, A. A. &amp; Kim, K. C." box="[158,475,260,285]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="25 - 41" refId="ref24336" refString="Sundaralingam, S., Hower, A. A. &amp; Kim, K. C. (2001) Host selection and reproductive success of French and Moroccan populations of the parasitoid, Microctonus aethiopoides (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). BioControl, 46, 25 - 41. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1023 / A: 1009914907209" type="journal article" year="2001">Sundaralingam et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
). Although the material cited in
<bibRefCitation id="EFF83C9CFFB8FFA0FCEDFEBC3B381058" author="McLeod, J. H." box="[870,1052,260,285]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref23738" refString="McLeod, J. H. (1962) Part I - Biological Control of Pests of Crops, Fruit Trees, Ornamentals, and Weeds in Canada up to 1959. In: A Review of the Biological Control Attempts Against Insects and Weeds in Canada. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux Farnham Royal, Bucks, England, pp. 1 - 30." type="book chapter" year="1962">McLeod (1962)</bibRefCitation>
came from
<collectingCountry id="F37E01FDFFB8FFA0FB38FEBC3A26105E" box="[1203,1282,260,283]" name="France" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">France</collectingCountry>
, the voucher specimens conform to the “Moroccan biotype” sensu
<bibRefCitation id="EFF83C9CFFB8FFA0FD7CFE9F3CC01005" author="Adler, P. H. &amp; Kim, K. C." box="[759,996,295,320]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="279 - 283" refId="ref22692" refString="Adler, P. H. &amp; Kim, K. C. (1985) Morphological and morphometric analyses of European and Moroccan biotypes of Microctonus aethiopoides (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 78, 279 - 283." type="journal article" year="1985">Adler &amp; Kim (1985)</bibRefCitation>
. No field-collected Moroccan biotypes were observed from the North American material.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD6416DFFB8FFA0FF4CFED73BD910E8" blockId="12.[151,1436,151,429]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
The question mark associated with
<taxonomicName id="4C693AEEFFB8FFA0FDD5FEC83C6D10CD" authorityName="Thompson, 1892, p" authorityYear="1747" box="[606,841,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Euphorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevispina">
<emphasis id="B91D9D7FFFB8FFA0FDD5FEC83C6D10CD" box="[606,841,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Euphorus brevispina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comes from
<bibRefCitation id="EFF83C9CFFB8FFA0FC68FED73B9810CD" author="Haeselbarth, E." box="[995,1212,367,392]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1013 - 1152" refId="ref23197" refString="Haeselbarth, E. (2008) Zur Braconiden-Gattung Perilitus NEES 1818 3. Beitrag: Die Arten ohne ausgebildetem ersten Cubitus- Abschnitt (Hymenoptera, Braconidae). Linzer Biologische Beitrage, 40, 1013 - 1152." type="journal article" year="2008">Haeselbarth (2008)</bibRefCitation>
who noted that the species was described from a female but Belokobylskij established a male specimen as the
<typeStatus id="54D2FFCFFFB8FFA0FB18FE2C3BDD10E8" box="[1171,1273,404,429]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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