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221 lines
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.46.32823" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e546c2a6-4668-4253-b2e2-b462f23dab8c" ID-PMC="PMC6379322" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-4049-46-1" ID-PubMed="30787668" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2019" ModsDocID="1314-4049-46-1" ModsDocOrigin="MycoKeys 46" ModsDocTitle="The genus Hebeloma in the Rocky Mountain Alpine Zone" checkinTime="1555333436509" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Cripps, Cathy L., Eberhardt, Ursula, Schuetz, Nicole, Beker, Henry J., Vera S. Evenson, & Horak, Egon" docDate="2019" docId="06A142E3FCA65B8DAE9435C343390C36" docLanguage="en" docName="MycoKeys 46: 1-54" docOrigin="MycoKeys 46" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.46.32823" docTitle="Hebeloma velutipes Bruchet, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon 39 (6, suppl.): 127 1970" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="24" masterDocId="AC18AA047D78FFBFD06BFFFDFF948577" masterDocTitle="The genus Hebeloma in the Rocky Mountain Alpine Zone" masterLastPageNumber="54" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="21" updateTime="1668136151891" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The genus Hebeloma in the Rocky Mountain Alpine Zone</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Cripps, Cathy L.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Eberhardt, Ursula</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Schuetz, Nicole</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Beker, Henry J.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Vera S. Evenson,</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Horak, Egon</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>MycoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>46</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>54</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.46.32823</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.46.32823</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-4049-46-1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="156202113" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:06A142E3FCA65B8DAE9435C343390C36" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/06A142E3FCA65B8DAE9435C343390C36" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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6.
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<taxonomicName authority="Bruchet, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon 39 (6, suppl.): 127 (1970)" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hymenogastraceae" genus="Hebeloma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Hebeloma velutipes" order="Agaricales" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="velutipes">Hebeloma velutipes Bruchet, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon 39 (6, suppl.): 127 (1970)</taxonomicName>
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Figures 5, 12, 23 (6)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="21" pageNumber="22" start="start">Etymology</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">velutinus, for the velvety appearance of the stipe surface.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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Cortina absent. Pileus 20-60 mm in diameter, convex, convex-domed, tacky to kidskin, smooth, not spotting, not hygrophanous, nearly unicolor, very pale buff, pale salmon buff, with hoary coating (pruinose); margin incurved but not involute, entire. Lamellae narrowly attached, sinuate or marginate, narrow to broad, slightly crowded, L = 50-75 plus lamellulae, white at first, then milk coffee color; edges white-floccose; beaded drops observed on some. Stipe (25
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–)30–">-)30-</normalizedToken>
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60
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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7-15 mm, robust, equal and either narrowing or swollen at base up to 20 mm wide, slightly curved or not, pruinose or floccose in top half, longitudinally fibrous in lower half or more smooth. Context whitish, thick in pileus, firm in stipe, stuffed/hollow. Odor raphanoid. Exsiccate: largest of all species recorded; uniform pale buff pileus, lamellae, and stipe.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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Basidiospore print deep Sayal brown. Basidiospores yellowish brown, amygdaliform, with a slight snout, apiculate, not guttulate, a bit rough (O1, O2), moderately dextrinoid (D2, D3), no obvious loosening perispore (P0), 10-12
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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6-7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, on average 10.4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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6.6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, a few large spores (-18
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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-7) present, Q = 1.57. Basidia 26-32
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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7.5-9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, clavate, four-spored. Cheilocystidia gently clavate, thin-walled, occasionally bifurcate at apex, 55-80
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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7-12
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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at apex, 5-8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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in middle, 4-7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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at base. Pleurocystida absent. Epicutis thickness 80-200
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, with some encrusted hyphae.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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Figure 12.
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<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hymenogastraceae" genus="Hebeloma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Hebeloma velutipes" order="Agaricales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="velutipes">Hebeloma velutipes</taxonomicName>
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, CLC1651 and ZT8072.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="rocky mountain alpine ecology">
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Rocky Mountain alpine ecology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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In alpine situations, mostly reported with
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Dryas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dryas octopetala" order="Rosales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="octopetala">Dryas octopetala</taxonomicName>
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and also with
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<taxonomicName class="Ascidiacea" family="Polycitoridae" genus="Salix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Salix" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Salix</taxonomicName>
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in Montana and Colorado.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="22" pageNumber="23" start="start">Rocky</pageBreakToken>
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Mountain specimens examined.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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U.S.A. COLORADO: Gunnison County, Sawatch Range: Cumberland Pass, 3660 m, near
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Salix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Salix glauca" order="Malpighiales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glauca">Salix glauca</taxonomicName>
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but
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dryas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dryas" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dryas</taxonomicName>
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in vicinity, 4 Aug 2001, CLC1651 (MONT), C. Cripps; Cottonwood Pass, 3700, in pure
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Dryas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dryas octopetala" order="Rosales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="octopetala">Dryas octopetala</taxonomicName>
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, 4 Aug 2001, CLC1646 (MONT), 12 Aug 2001, CLC1725 (MONT), both C. Cripps. Summit County, Herman Gulch Trailhead, 3200 m, with
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<taxonomicName class="Ascidiacea" family="Polycitoridae" genus="Salix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Salix" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Salix</taxonomicName>
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spp., 26 Aug 1983, DBG-F-005617, V.S. Evenson. MONTANA: Carbon County, Beartooth Plateau, site 1, 3000 m, in pure
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<taxonomicName lsidName="D. octopetala" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="octopetala">D. octopetala</taxonomicName>
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, 27 July 2004, CLC1980 (MONT), C. Cripps; N of East Summit, with
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dryas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dryas" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dryas</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Salix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Salix reticulata" order="Malpighiales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="reticulata">Salix reticulata</taxonomicName>
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, 30 July 1997, ZT6100 (ETH), E. Horak.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="discussion">
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Discussion.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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Grilli and co-workers (2016) showed that in ITS ML analyses
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<taxonomicName lsidName="H. velutipes" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="velutipes">H. velutipes</taxonomicName>
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falls into three unsupported clusters, i.e. one with
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<taxonomicName lsidName="H. incarnatulum" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="incarnatulum">H. incarnatulum</taxonomicName>
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, one with
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<taxonomicName lsidName="H. leucosarx" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="leucosarx">H. leucosarx</taxonomicName>
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, and one with
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<taxonomicName lsidName="H. subconcolor" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="subconcolor">H. subconcolor</taxonomicName>
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. The latter is discussed above; the former two species do not occur in the kind of habitats sampled in the Rocky Mountains (
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<bibRefCitation pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Beker et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Grilli, E" journalOrPublisher="Mycological Progress" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 46" title="Unexpected species diversity and contrasting evolutionary hypotheses in Hebeloma (Agaricales) sections Sinapizantia and Velutipes in Europe." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-015-1148-6" volume="15" year="2016">Grilli et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hymenogastraceae" genus="Hebeloma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Hebeloma velutipes" order="Agaricales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="velutipes">Hebeloma velutipes</taxonomicName>
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cannot be distinguished from these three species based on ITS, but it is distinct from all other species treated in
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<bibRefCitation pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Beker et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
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. The reason for the intraspecific variation observed in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="H. velutipes" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="velutipes">H. velutipes</taxonomicName>
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has already been shown by
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<bibRefCitation author="Aanen, DK" journalOrPublisher="Mycological Research" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="284 - 290" title="A widely distributed ITS polymorphism within a biological species of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Hebelomavelutipes." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0953756201003628" volume="105" year="2001">Aanen et al. (2001)</bibRefCitation>
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, namely that
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<taxonomicName lsidName="H. velutipes" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="velutipes">H. velutipes</taxonomicName>
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possesses ITS alleles that differ greatly. In the Rocky Mountains, representatives of two of the clusters were found, the
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<taxonomicName lsidName="H. leucosarx" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="leucosarx">H. leucosarx</taxonomicName>
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cluster and the
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<taxonomicName lsidName="H. subconcolor" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="subconcolor">H. subconcolor</taxonomicName>
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cluster, and the collections from Montana fall into the first of these clusters while those from Colorado fall in the latter cluster. Accordingly, the number of differences are between 2-23 [0-5] bp; seven pairs with 2-6 [0-1] bp differences and seven pairs with 20-23 [2-5] bp differences. Looking at all included collections, the overall figure hardly changes (1-23 bp), although the collections randomly selected from the FE dataset include representatives of all three clusters (Fig. 5). To date we have not observed any morphological or ecological differences between members of the different clusters. The geographical differentiation of the RM representatives of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="H. velutipes" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="velutipes">H. velutipes</taxonomicName>
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is possibly a sampling artifact.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="23" pageNumber="24" start="start">This</pageBreakToken>
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species displays the characteristic features of
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<taxonomicName genus="H." lsidName="H." pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="genus">H.</taxonomicName>
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sect.
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<taxonomicName genus="Velutipes" lsidName="Velutipes" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="section" section="Velutipes">Velutipes</taxonomicName>
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, i.e. the absence of a veil, presence of a velutinate stipe, and rather strongly dextrinoid spores (reaction can take a while), as well as the gently clavate cheilocystidia. It is known to be common and widely distributed in Europe at lower elevations primarily with deciduous trees but also with coniferous hosts. There are a number of arctic and alpine records, particularly from Svalbard with
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Dryas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dryas octopetala" order="Rosales" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="octopetala">Dryas octopetala</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Salix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Salix polaris" order="Malpighiales" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polaris">Salix polaris</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Beker et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
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), and it has been previously reported from the North American alpine zone (
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<bibRefCitation author="Beker, HJ" journalOrPublisher="North American Fungi" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="51 - 65" title="Hebelomahiemale Bres. in Arctic / Alpine habitats." url="https://www.pnwfungi.org/index.php/pnwfungi/article/view/1081" volume="5" year="2010">Beker et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
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). This species produces relatively large basidiomes for the genus in the alpine; but because of its pale coloration and lack of a veil, young specimens may have been incorrectly identified as
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<taxonomicName lsidName="H. alpinum" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species" species="alpinum">H. alpinum</taxonomicName>
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or
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<taxonomicName lsidName="H. hiemale" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species" species="hiemale">H. hiemale</taxonomicName>
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, which are typically smaller. Phylogenetically
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<taxonomicName lsidName="H. velutipes" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species" species="velutipes">H. velutipes</taxonomicName>
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is not close to these two species but, as mentioned, is related to
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<taxonomicName lsidName="H. subconcolor" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species" species="subconcolor">H. subconcolor</taxonomicName>
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, which is smaller with fewer lamellae, grayer coloration and is also reported from the Rocky Mountain alpine zone. Interestingly, almost all Rocky Mountain specimens of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="H. velutipes" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species" species="velutipes">H. velutipes</taxonomicName>
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were found with
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dryas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dryas" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dryas</taxonomicName>
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, which might help with field recognition, in addition to its robust stature, and stout white stipe.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document>
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