283 lines
37 KiB
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283 lines
37 KiB
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<document id="FAF4D4DDB48A256C2B80B6FD55ACC80B" ID-CLB-Dataset="28369" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4567.1.11" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7dca0570-68a1-4ead-b748-a6b2f9bfdf83" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2592986" ID-ZooBank="54CC5C11-9493-4E5E-8E2D-F63F9D5EB4E0" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1552547606500" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lavilla, Esteban O., Rabanal, Felipe E., Langone, José A., Vásquez, Dayana & Castro-Carrasco, Camila" docDate="2019" docId="03BD9D7A3763FFADFF70F42EFE130BBE" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4567.1.11.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4567 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Bufo lugubrosus Girard 1853" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="185" masterDocId="FF84E5023761FFAFFFE7F509FFCA0E00" masterDocTitle="The identity of the Chilean Amphibians collected by the United States exploring expedition" masterLastPageNumber="192" masterPageNumber="183" pageNumber="185" updateTime="1698701663472" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="47C879C433FAC2F84A3912C4B23D7D96">The identity of the Chilean Amphibians collected by the United States exploring expedition</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="F74B11FC35AA10164D3422F83B8DFF50" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="95F3A3C7532757CEB3CBA0D1A071FD70">Lavilla, Esteban O.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F4F57C42A7CA63DBB04569BC1526B1C3">Rabanal, Felipe E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="313296828B7C6C380B8F106542B0ACD5" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="C9E91089AD8E6961AE8C579F446EA746">Langone, José A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="C4F34832C018203472463B03EE31664A" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="A75EB48444AF43DFB1BBE439167052F7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="DF6F5DF02D5FF0E8DA95401731DB0644">Vásquez, Dayana</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9FD5D1B3BCA4D0F490334043A95EE36B">Castro-Carrasco, Camila</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="6175643A44BAF93BCD8B148E7B315B55">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="AC4261D2617C36B6FAE241C4AD1CE19D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="40AC8D104FA80552BF9D1F6371C37A66">
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<mods:date id="B0944EFEC70CDE4B2CC7FF3FBFCFFD2C">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="50DEBEF6DBF1EFBD628E28C5D84E24C4">2019-03-14</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="41CD61E37471142D05C04BE55077C7CB">4567</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="1212C7A8A5772A549441568C4DC1DFAF" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4567.1.11</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03BD9D7A3763FFADFF70F42EFE130BBE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5924727" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154401886" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5924727" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BD9D7A3763FFADFF70F42EFE130BBE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BD9D7A3763FFADFF70F42EFE130BBE" lastPageNumber="185" pageId="2" pageNumber="185">
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<subSubSection id="C30E7FE73763FFADFF70F42EFED80F63" pageId="2" pageNumber="185" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BAB2C6C3763FFADFF70F42EFDC00F42" blockId="2.[151,522,295,355]" box="[151,522,295,322]" pageId="2" pageNumber="185">
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<heading id="D0E39B003763FFADFF70F42EFDC00F42" bold="true" box="[151,522,295,322]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="185" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1457EF3763FFADFF70F42EFDC00F42" ID-CoL="NP9F" authority="Girard, 1853" authorityName="Girard" authorityYear="1853" box="[151,522,295,322]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lugubrosus">
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<emphasis id="B960F07E3763FFADFF70F42EFDC00F42" bold="true" box="[151,522,295,322]" pageId="2" pageNumber="185">
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<emphasis id="B960F07E3763FFADFF70F42EFEAB0F41" bold="true" box="[151,353,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="185">Bufo lugubrosus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF85519D3763FFADFE8EF421FDC00F42" author="Girard, C." box="[361,522,296,322]" pageId="2" pageNumber="185" pagination="420 - 424" refId="ref5515" refString="Girard, C. (1853) Descriptions of new species of reptiles, collected by the U. S. Exploring Expedition, under the command of Capt. Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. Second part, including the species of batrachians, exotic to North America. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 6, 420 - 424." type="journal article" year="1853">Girard, 1853</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAB2C6C3763FFADFF70F443FED80F63" blockId="2.[151,522,295,355]" box="[151,274,330,355]" pageId="2" pageNumber="185">(Figs. 1–2)</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30E7FE73763FFADFF70F49BFE130BBE" pageId="2" pageNumber="185" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BAB2C6C3763FFADFF70F49BFE1E0CEF" blockId="2.[151,1437,402,1471]" pageId="2" pageNumber="185">
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Although no name-bearing
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<typeStatus id="54AF92CE3763FFADFE2CF49AFE310FAB" box="[459,507,403,427]" pageId="2" pageNumber="185">type</typeStatus>
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was formally designated, the specimen UNSNM 16359 was considered as such by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF85519D3763FFADFF70F4BFFE810FCF" author="Cochran, D. M." box="[151,331,438,463]" pageId="2" pageNumber="185" pagination="1 - 291" refId="ref4548" refString="Cochran, D. M. (1961) Type Specimens of Reptiles and Amphibians in the U. S. National Museum. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 220, 1 - 291." type="journal article" year="1961">Cochran (1961)</bibRefCitation>
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. Included data indicate that it was collected in January of
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<quantity id="4CEC81893763FFADFC3FF4BEFBE70FCF" box="[984,1069,438,463]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.67106" pageId="2" pageNumber="185" unit="in" value="1839.0">1839 in</quantity>
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<collectingRegion id="49D0E28E3763FFADFBD3F4BFFB670FCF" box="[1076,1197,438,463]" country="Chile" name="Valparaiso" pageId="2" pageNumber="185">Valparaíso</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3036CFC3763FFADFB5EF4BFFB330FCF" box="[1209,1273,438,463]" name="Chile" pageId="2" pageNumber="185">Chile</collectingCountry>
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, by J. Drayton (Joseph Drayton, one of the two illustrators that accompanied the expedition). The date in the catalogue is clearly wrong: By the end of January, 1839 the expedition was still in Tierra del Fuego, preparing the leg to
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<collectingCountry id="F3036CFC3763FFADFACFF4F7FA570C17" box="[1320,1437,510,535]" name="Antarctica" pageId="2" pageNumber="185">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF85519D3763FFADFF79F72BFEF80C3B" author="Wilkes, Ch." box="[158,306,546,571]" pageId="2" pageNumber="185" refId="ref7148" refString="Wilkes, Ch. (1844) Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition During the Years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842. In five volumes, and an Atlas. Folume 1. C. Sherman, Philadelphia, 434 pp." type="book" year="1844">Wilkes 1844</bibRefCitation>
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). Although Article 72.4.7 of the International Commission Code of
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<bibRefCitation id="EF85519D3763FFADFBD2F72BFA560C3B" author="ICZN & International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature" box="[1077,1436,546,571]" pageId="2" pageNumber="185" refId="ref5760" refString="ICZN (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature) (1999) International code of zoological nomenclature - Code international de nomenclature zoologique. Fourth edition. The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, 306 pp." type="book" year="1999">Zoological Nomenclature, 1999</bibRefCitation>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF85519D3763FFADFF79F74EFEE90C5F" author="ICZN & International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature" box="[158,291,583,607]" pageId="2" pageNumber="185" refId="ref5760" refString="ICZN (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature) (1999) International code of zoological nomenclature - Code international de nomenclature zoologique. Fourth edition. The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, 306 pp." type="book" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
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) indicates that mention of “
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<typeStatus id="54AF92CE3763FFADFD87F74EFD5E0C5F" box="[608,660,583,607]" pageId="2" pageNumber="185">type</typeStatus>
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” or equivalent in a museum catalog or label is not evidence that the specimen correspond to
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<typeStatus id="54AF92CE3763FFADFE54F762FE290C83" box="[435,483,619,643]" pageId="2" pageNumber="185">type</typeStatus>
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material, still circumstantial evidence suggest that this individual was the one on which the description was based, including its provenance, collector, year of collection, coincidences with Girard’s (1853) description and its redescription (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF85519D3763FFADFD97F7BBFCC40CCB" author="Girard, C." box="[624,782,690,715]" pageId="2" pageNumber="185" refId="ref5584" refString="Girard, C. (1858 a) United States Exploring Expedition During the Years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, Under the Command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. Vol. XX. Herpetology. J. C. Sherman and Son, Philadelphia, 492 pp." type="book" year="1858">Girard 1858a</bibRefCitation>
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), and with the illustration contained in the atlas (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF85519D3763FFADFAB6F7BBFE020CEF" author="Girard, C." pageId="2" pageNumber="185" refId="ref5641" refString="Girard, C. (1858 b) United States Exploring Expedition During the Years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, Under the Command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. Vol. 20. Atlas. Herpetology. J. C. Sherman and Son, Philadelphia, 8 pp." type="book" year="1858">Girard 1858b, Plate 6, figs. 10–15</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAB2C6C3763FFADFF20F7F3FE130BBE" blockId="2.[151,1437,402,1471]" pageId="2" pageNumber="185">
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The species was synonymized with
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<taxonomicName id="4C1457EF3763FFADFDB8F7F2FC1F0D13" authority="Wiegmann 1834" authorityName="Wiegmann" authorityYear="1834" box="[607,981,762,787]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spinulosus">
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<emphasis id="B960F07E3763FFADFDB8F7F2FCD80D13" box="[607,786,763,787]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="185">Bufo spinulosus</emphasis>
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Wiegmann 1834
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</taxonomicName>
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by Boulenger (1882), who had at hand, among several other specimens, one male collected by Charles Darwin in
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<collectingRegion id="49D0E28E3763FFADFC3AF617FB9D0D37" box="[989,1111,798,823]" country="Chile" name="Valparaiso" pageId="2" pageNumber="185">Valparaíso</collectingRegion>
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. Boulenger’s synonymy also included
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<taxonomicName id="4C1457EF3763FFADFEE5F64AFD9B0D5B" authority="Tschudi, 1838" authorityName="Tschudi" authorityYear="1838" box="[258,593,834,859]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chilensis">
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<emphasis id="B960F07E3763FFADFEE5F64AFE690D5B" box="[258,419,835,859]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="185">Bufo chilensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF85519D3763FFADFE4AF64BFD9B0D5B" author="Tschudi, J. J." box="[429,593,834,859]" pageId="2" pageNumber="185" refId="ref6843" refString="Tschudi, J. J. (1838) Classification der Batrachier, mit Berucksichtigung der fossilen Thiere. Dieser abtheilung der Reptilien. Buchdruckerei von Petitpierre, Neuchatel, 99 pp." type="book" year="1838">Tschudi, 1838</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, whose synonymy with
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<taxonomicName id="4C1457EF3763FFADFC8AF64AFB6C0D5B" authority="Molina, 1782" authorityName="Molina" authorityYear="1782" box="[877,1190,834,859]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Rana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arunco">
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<emphasis id="B960F07E3763FFADFC8AF64AFBCB0D5A" box="[877,1025,835,858]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="185">Rana arunco</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF85519D3763FFADFBEBF64BFB6C0D5B" author="Molina, J. I." box="[1036,1190,834,859]" pageId="2" pageNumber="185" refId="ref6138" refString="Molina, J. I. (1782) Saggio sulla storia naturale del Chili. Stamperia di S. Tommaso d'Aquino, Bologna, 367 pp." type="book" year="1782">Molina, 1782</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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was noted by Cei in several occasions (i.a. 1962b, c) and finally accepted since
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<bibRefCitation id="EF85519D3763FFADFCDAF66FFB950D7F" author="Ortiz, J. C. & Lescure, J." box="[829,1119,870,895]" pageId="2" pageNumber="185" pagination="113 - 122" refId="ref6331" refString="Ortiz, J. C. & Lescure, J. (1990 " 1989 ") Les types d'amphibiens anoures du Chili dans les collections du Museum national d'histoire naturelle. Catalogue critique. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Paris. Section A, Zoologie, Biologie et Ecologie Animales, 11, 113 - 122." type="journal article" year="1990">Ortiz and Lescure (1990)</bibRefCitation>
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. Nowadays three species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C1457EF3763FFADFF70F682FF3C0DA3" box="[151,246,907,931]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B960F07E3763FFADFF70F682FF3C0DA3" box="[151,246,907,931]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="185">Rhinella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are recorded in
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<collectingRegion id="49D0E28E3763FFADFE4BF683FDE80DA3" box="[428,546,906,931]" country="Chile" name="Valparaiso" pageId="2" pageNumber="185">Valparaíso</collectingRegion>
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area,
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|
|
<emphasis id="B960F07E3763FFADFD81F682FC1E0DA2" box="[614,980,907,931]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="185">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1457EF3763FFADFD81F682FCD40DA2" baseAuthorityName="Molina" baseAuthorityYear="1782" box="[614,798,907,931]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arunco">Rhinella arunco</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1457EF3763FFADFCCDF682FC1E0DA2" baseAuthorityName="Cei" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[810,980,907,930]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atacamensis">R. atacamensis</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
, and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1457EF3763FFADFBF6F682FB560DA3" baseAuthorityName="Wiegmann" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[1041,1180,907,931]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spinulosa">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B960F07E3763FFADFBF6F682FB560DA3" box="[1041,1180,907,931]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="185">R. spinulosa</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, apparently occupying different altitudinal levels. The exosomatic characters and coloration of UNSNM 16359 (fig. 1), the re-description by
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF85519D3763FFADFF5DF6DBFEA80DEB" author="Girard, C." box="[186,354,978,1003]" pageId="2" pageNumber="185" refId="ref5584" refString="Girard, C. (1858 a) United States Exploring Expedition During the Years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, Under the Command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. Vol. XX. Herpetology. J. C. Sherman and Son, Philadelphia, 492 pp." type="book" year="1858">Girard (1858a)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
and its illustration in
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF85519D3763FFADFDBEF6DBFCC80DEB" author="Girard, C." box="[601,770,978,1003]" pageId="2" pageNumber="185" refId="ref5641" refString="Girard, C. (1858 b) United States Exploring Expedition During the Years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, Under the Command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. Vol. 20. Atlas. Herpetology. J. C. Sherman and Son, Philadelphia, 8 pp." type="book" year="1858">Girard (1858b)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
show enough similitudes with the species currently known as
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1457EF3763FFADFF5CF6FFFE7A0A0E" baseAuthorityName="Cei" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[187,432,1014,1038]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atacamensis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B960F07E3763FFADFF5CF6FFFE7A0A0E" box="[187,432,1014,1038]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="185">Rhinella atacamensis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. Thus, Girard’s species, under the new combination,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B960F07E3763FFADFBD7F6FFFAD90A0E" box="[1072,1299,1014,1038]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="185">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1457EF3763FFADFBD7F6FFFAC50A0E" box="[1072,1295,1014,1038]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lugubrosa">Rhinella lugubrosa</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
is a senior synonym of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1457EF3763FFADFEC1F112FD390A33" authority="Cei, 1962 b" authorityName="Cei" authorityYear="1962" box="[294,755,1050,1075]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="spinulosus" subSpecies="atacamensis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B960F07E3763FFADFEC1F112FDA70A32" box="[294,621,1051,1075]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="185">Bufo spinulosus atacamensis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF85519D3763FFADFD91F113FD390A33" author="Cei, J. M." box="[630,755,1050,1075]" pageId="2" pageNumber="185" pagination="59 - 81" refId="ref4488" refString="Cei, J. M. (1962 b) Bufo arunco (Molina) y las formas chilenas de Bufo spinulosus Wiegmann. Investigaciones Zoologicas Chilenas, 7, 59 - 81." type="journal article" year="1962">Cei, 1962b</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(today
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1457EF3763FFADFCABF112FBF70A32" baseAuthorityName="Cei" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[844,1085,1051,1075]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atacamensis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B960F07E3763FFADFCABF112FBF70A32" box="[844,1085,1051,1075]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="185">Rhinella atacamensis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
), and not a junior synonym of what today is known as
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1457EF3763FFADFE59F137FCB60A57" authority="(Wiegmann, 1834)" authorityName="Wiegmann" authorityYear="1834" baseAuthorityName="Wiegmann" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[446,892,1086,1111]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spinulosa">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B960F07E3763FFADFE59F137FD5F0A56" box="[446,661,1086,1110]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="185">Rhinella spinulosa</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(Wiegmann, 1834)
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. However, here it is convenient to follow the mandates of Article 23.9 of the Code (IZCN, 1999) and reverse the precedence of names. Indeed, the name
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1457EF3763FFADFA80F16AFE6D0A9F" authority="Girard, 1853" authorityName="Girard" authorityYear="1853" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lugubrosus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B960F07E3763FFADFA80F16AFED90A9E" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="185">Bufo lugubrosus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF85519D3763FFADFEFEF18FFE6D0A9F" author="Girard, C." box="[281,423,1158,1183]" pageId="2" pageNumber="185" pagination="420 - 424" refId="ref5515" refString="Girard, C. (1853) Descriptions of new species of reptiles, collected by the U. S. Exploring Expedition, under the command of Capt. Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. Second part, including the species of batrachians, exotic to North America. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 6, 420 - 424." type="journal article" year="1853">Girard, 1853</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
was not used as valid since 1882, when Boulenger synonymized it with
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1457EF3763FFADFB2CF18FFA560A9E" baseAuthorityName="Wiegmann" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[1227,1436,1158,1182]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spinulosa">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B960F07E3763FFADFB2CF18FFA560A9E" box="[1227,1436,1158,1182]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="185">Rhinella spinulosa</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(article 23.9.1.1), while the name
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1457EF3763FFADFDCBF1A2FCEB0AC2" baseAuthorityName="Cei" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[556,801,1195,1219]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atacamensis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B960F07E3763FFADFDCBF1A2FCEB0AC2" box="[556,801,1195,1219]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="185">Rhinella atacamensis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(as such, or as
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1457EF3763FFADFC0EF1A2FAFD0AC2" authorityName="Cei" authorityYear="1962" box="[1001,1335,1195,1219]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="spinulosus" subSpecies="atacamensis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B960F07E3763FFADFC0EF1A2FAFD0AC2" box="[1001,1335,1195,1219]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="185">Bufo spinulosus atacamensis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
or
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1457EF3763FFADFA80F1A2FEE80AE6" authorityName="Cei" authorityYear="1962" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atacamensis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B960F07E3763FFADFA80F1A2FEE80AE6" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="185">Bufo atacamensis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
) was cited by more than 10 authors in at least 25 works in the last 56 years (article 23.9.1.2), including, among others,
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF85519D3763FFADFE5DF1FBFDF60B0B" author="Cei, J. M." box="[442,572,1266,1291]" pageId="2" pageNumber="185" pagination="59 - 81" refId="ref4488" refString="Cei, J. M. (1962 b) Bufo arunco (Molina) y las formas chilenas de Bufo spinulosus Wiegmann. Investigaciones Zoologicas Chilenas, 7, 59 - 81." type="journal article" year="1962">Cei (1962b</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF85519D3763FFADFDAEF1FAFD9D0B0B" author="Cei, J. M." box="[585,599,1267,1291]" pageId="2" pageNumber="185" refId="ref4522" refString="Cei, J. M. (1962 c) Batracios de Chile. Ediciones de la Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 128 pp." type="book" year="1962">c</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
),
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF85519D3763FFADFD88F1FAFC810B0B" author="Correa, C. & Sallaberry, M. & Jara-Arancio, P. & Lobos, G. & Soto, E. & Mendez, M. A." box="[623,843,1267,1291]" pageId="2" pageNumber="185" pagination="478 - 484" refId="ref4721" refString="Correa, C., Sallaberry, M., Jara-Arancio, P., Lobos, G., Soto, E. & Mendez, M. A. (2008) Amphibia, Anura, Bufonidae, Rhinella atacamensis: Altitudinal distribution extension, new records and geographic distribution map. Check List, 4, 478 - 484." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
|||
|
|
Correa
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B960F07E3763FFADFD23F1FAFD340B0B" box="[708,766,1267,1291]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="185">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(2008
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF85519D3763FFADFCBEF1FAFC5E0B0B" author="Correa, C. & Pastenes, L. & Sallaberry, M. & Veloso A. & Mendez M. A." box="[857,916,1267,1291]" pageId="2" pageNumber="185" pagination="85 - 96" refId="ref4673" refString="Correa, C., Pastenes, L., Sallaberry, M., Veloso A. & Mendez M. A. (2010) Phylogeography of Rhinella spinulosa (Anura: Bufonidae) in northern Chile. AmphibiaReptilia, 31, 85 - 96." type="journal article" year="2010">2010</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF85519D3763FFADFC45F1FAFC140B0B" author="Correa, C. & Mendez, M. & Veloso A. & Sallaberry, M." box="[930,990,1267,1291]" pageId="2" pageNumber="185" pagination="568 - 577" refId="ref4620" refString="Correa, C., Mendez, M., Veloso A. & Sallaberry, M. (2012) Genetic and Reproductive evidence of natural hybridization between the sister species Rhinella atacamensis and Rhinella arunco (Anura, Bufonidae). Journal of Herpetology, 46, 568 - 577." type="journal article" year="2012">2012</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
),
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF85519D3763FFADFC14F1FAFA9A0B0B" author="Da Silva, H. R. & Mendelson, J. R." box="[1011,1360,1266,1291]" pageId="2" pageNumber="185" pagination="114 - 126" refId="ref4869" refString="Da Silva, H. R. & Mendelson, J. R. (1999) A New Organ and Sternal Morphology in Toads (Anura: Bufonidae): Descriptions, Taxonomic Distribution, and Evolution, Herpetologica, 55, 114 - 126." type="journal article" year="1999">Da Silva & Mendelson (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
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|
|
, De la
|
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|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF85519D3763FFADFF70F01FFE950B2F" author="De la Riva, I. & Rios, J. N. & Aparicio, J." box="[151,351,1302,1327]" pageId="2" pageNumber="185" pagination="280 - 286" refId="ref4916" refString="De la Riva, I., Rios, J. N. & Aparicio, J. (2005) A new species of Bufo (Anura: Bufonidae) from the Andes of Bolivia. Herpetologica, 61, 280 - 286." type="journal article" year="2005">
|
|||
|
|
Riva
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B960F07E3763FFADFF34F01EFEC10B2E" box="[211,267,1302,1326]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="185">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(2005)
|
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|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
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|
|
,
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EF85519D3763FFADFE8DF01FFD9C0B2F" author="Di Tada, I. E. & Martino, A. & Sinsch, U." box="[362,598,1302,1327]" pageId="2" pageNumber="185" pagination="13 - 23" refId="ref5012" refString="Di Tada, I. E., Martino, A. & Sinsch, U. (2001) Release vocalizations in neotropical toads (Bufo): ecological constraints and phylogenetic implications. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 39, 13 - 23." type="journal article" year="2001">
|
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|
|
Di Tada
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B960F07E3763FFADFE2DF01EFE310B2E" box="[458,507,1302,1326]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="185">et al</emphasis>
|
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|
|
. (2001)
|
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|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
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|
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,
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EF85519D3763FFADFD85F01EFC4D0B2F" author="Diaz-Paez, H. & Ortiz, J. C." box="[610,903,1302,1327]" pageId="2" pageNumber="185" pagination="509 - 525" refId="ref5061" refString="Diaz-Paez, H. & Ortiz, J. C. (2003) Evaluacion del estado de conservacion de los anfibios en Chile. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 76: 509 - 525." type="journal article" year="2003">Díaz-Páez & Ortiz (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
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|
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;
|
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|
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|
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,
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EF85519D3763FFADFB0FF01FFA560B2F" author="Gallardo, M." box="[1256,1436,1302,1327]" pageId="2" pageNumber="185" pagination="49 - 52" refId="ref5441" refString="Gallardo, M. (1992) Las dunas litorales chilenas y su macrofauna acompanante. Bosque, 13, 49 - 52." type="journal article" year="1992">Gallardo (1992)</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF85519D3763FFADFF70F032FED40B53" author="Lutz, B." box="[151,286,1339,1363]" pageId="2" pageNumber="185" pagination="423 - 473" refId="ref6057" refString="Lutz, B. (1971) Venomous toads and frogs. In: Bucherl, W. & Buckley, E. (Eds.), Fenomous Animals and Their Fenoms. Folume 2. Fenomous Fertebrates, Academic Press. New York and London, pp: 423 - 473." type="book chapter" year="1971">Lutz (1971)</bibRefCitation>
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|
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF85519D3763FFADFECDF033FDC90B53" author="Martin, R. F." box="[298,515,1338,1363]" pageId="2" pageNumber="185" pagination="301 - 317" refId="ref6111" refString="Martin, R. F. (1972) Osteology and evolution in neotropical Bufo. The American Midland Naturalist, 88, 301 - 317." type="journal article" year="1972">Martin, R.F. (1972)</bibRefCitation>
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|
|
Moreno
|
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<emphasis id="B960F07E3763FFADFD8DF032FD500B53" box="[618,666,1339,1363]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="185">et al</emphasis>
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|
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. (2002)
|
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|
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</bibRefCitation>
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|
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,
|
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|
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<bibRefCitation id="EF85519D3763FFADFCE6F033FBEF0B53" author="Ortiz Z. & Diaz-Paez, H." box="[769,1061,1338,1363]" pageId="2" pageNumber="185" pagination="114 - 121" refId="ref6298" refString="Ortiz Z., J. C. & Diaz-Paez, H. (2006) Estado de conocimiento de los anfibios de Chile. Gayana, 70, 114 - 121." type="journal article" year="2006">Ortiz & Díaz-Páez (2006)</bibRefCitation>
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|
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,
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EF85519D3763FFADFBD6F032FAF30B53" author="Penna, M. V & Veloso, A." box="[1073,1337,1338,1363]" pageId="2" pageNumber="185" pagination="54 - 60" refId="ref6391" refString="Penna, M. V, & Veloso, A. (1981) Acoustical signals related to reproduction in the spinulosus species group of Bufo (Amphibia, Bufonidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 59, 54 - 60." type="journal article" year="1981">Penna & Veloso (1981)</bibRefCitation>
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|
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,
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EF85519D3763FFADFAA3F033FF2E0B77" author="Pramuk, J. B." pageId="2" pageNumber="185" pagination="407 - 452" refId="ref6455" refString="Pramuk, J. B. (2006) Phylogeny of South American Bufo (Anura: Bufonidae) inferred from combined evidence. Zoological Journal of Linnean Society, 146, 407 - 452." type="journal article" year="2006">Pramuk (2006)</bibRefCitation>
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|
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, Ramírez de
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EF85519D3763FFADFE9DF057FDB80B77" author="Ramirez de Arellano, P. I. & Tognelli, M. F. & Garin, C. & Marquet, P. A." box="[378,626,1374,1399]" pageId="2" pageNumber="185" pagination="251 - 266" refId="ref6491" refString="Ramirez de Arellano, P. I., Tognelli, M. F., Garin, C. & Marquet, P. A. (2008). Vacios de conservacion y sitios prioritarios para la conservacion de los vertebrados nativos de la region de Atacama. In Squeo, F. A., Arancio, G. & Gutierrez, J. R. (Eds.), Libro rojo de la flora nativa y de los sitios prioritarios para su conservacion: Region de Atacama. Ediciones Universidad de La Serena. La Serena, pp. 251 - 266." type="book chapter" year="2008">
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|
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Arellano
|
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|
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<emphasis id="B960F07E3763FFADFE03F056FDDC0B76" box="[484,534,1374,1398]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="185">et al</emphasis>
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|
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|
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF85519D3763FFADFD99F057FC830B77" author="Ruiz, G. & Rosenmann, M. & Veloso, A." box="[638,841,1374,1399]" pageId="2" pageNumber="185" pagination="79 - 84" refId="ref6654" refString="Ruiz, G., Rosenmann, M. & Veloso, A. (1987) Valores hematologicos y distribution altitudinal de anfibios chilenos. Archivos de biologia y medicina experimentales 20, 79 - 84." type="journal article" year="1987">
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|
|
Ruiz
|
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<emphasis id="B960F07E3763FFADFD5CF056FD260B76" box="[699,748,1374,1398]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="185">et al</emphasis>
|
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|
. (1987)
|
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|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
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,
|
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|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF85519D3763FFADFCB1F056FC140B77" author="Urra, F. A." box="[854,990,1375,1399]" pageId="2" pageNumber="185" pagination="4 - 15" refId="ref6876" refString="Urra, F. A. (2013) Sintesis del conocimiento actual sobre los sapos Rhinella atacamensis, R. arunco y R. spinulosa. La Chiricoca, 16, 4 - 15." type="journal article" year="2013">Urra (2013)</bibRefCitation>
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,
|
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|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF85519D3763FFADFC0CF057FB4E0B77" author="Veloso M." box="[1003,1156,1374,1399]" pageId="2" pageNumber="185" pagination="133 - 137" refId="ref6912" refString="Veloso M., A. (1973) Respuesta cardiaca a la inmersion en diferentes especies de anuros chilenos. Caldasia, 11, 129 - 131, 133 - 137." type="journal article" year="1973">Veloso (1973</bibRefCitation>
|
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|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF85519D3763FFADFB77F057FB060B77" author="Veloso, A." box="[1168,1228,1374,1399]" pageId="2" pageNumber="185" pagination="103 - 140" refId="ref6945" refString="Veloso, A. (2006) Batracios de las cuencas hidrograficas de Chile: origen, diversidad y estado de conservacion. In: Vila, I., Veloso, A., Schlatter, R. & Ramirez, C. (Eds.), macrofitas y vertebrados de los sistemas limnicos de Chile. Editorial Universitaria. Santiago. pp. 103 - 140." type="book chapter" year="2006">2006</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
),
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF85519D3763FFADFB06F057FF2B0B9B" author="Veloso, A. & Nunez, H." pageId="2" pageNumber="185" pagination="555 - 569" refId="ref7015" refString="Veloso, A. & Nunez, H. (1998) Inventario de especies de fauna de la Region de Antofagasta (Chile) y recursos metodologicos para almacenar y analizar informacion de biodiversidad. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 71, 555 - 569." type="journal article" year="1998">Veloso & Núñez (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF85519D3763FFADFEC4F08BFDCE0B9B" author="Vidal, M. A. & Soto, E. R. & Veloso, A." box="[291,516,1410,1435]" pageId="2" pageNumber="185" pagination="151 - 171" refId="ref7063" refString="Vidal, M. A., Soto, E. R. & Veloso, A. (2009) Biogeography of Chilean herpetofauna: distributional patterns of species richness and endemism. Amphibia-Reptilia, 30, 151 - 171." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
|||
|
|
Vidal
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B960F07E3763FFADFE8BF08AFE680B9B" box="[364,418,1411,1435]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="185">et al</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. (2009)
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
. Thus,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1457EF3763FFADFD87F08AFC9C0B9A" baseAuthorityName="Cei" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[608,854,1411,1435]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atacamensis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B960F07E3763FFADFD87F08AFC9C0B9A" box="[608,854,1411,1435]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="185">Rhinella atacamensis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
is a
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B960F07E3763FFADFC7DF08AFBA30B9A" box="[922,1129,1411,1434]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="185">nomen protectum,</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
while
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1457EF3763FFADFB27F08AFAB70B9B" authorityName="Girard" authorityYear="1853" box="[1216,1405,1411,1435]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lugubrosus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B960F07E3763FFADFB27F08AFAB70B9B" box="[1216,1405,1411,1435]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="185">Bufo lugubrosus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
is considered a
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B960F07E3763FFADFECCF0AEFE1B0BBE" box="[299,465,1446,1470]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="185">nomen oblitum</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</treatment>
|
|||
|
|
</document>
|