treatments-xml/data/03/E8/87/03E887F4DF0DFFE819D438B3F217FF5E.xml

<document id="5D7BB98A5EBF7EBF8F86C86378C35E7C" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.363.1.1" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13703414" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1725581356715" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Negaresh, Kazem &amp; Rahiminejad, Mohammad Reza" docDate="2018" docId="03E887F4DF0DFFE819D438B3F217FF5E" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.363.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 363 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.363.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0.4:Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleId="F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Centaurea charrelii Halacsy &amp; Dorfler" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="450" masterDocId="FFD1FF8CDF12FFCC195C3E3CF14EFF83" masterDocTitle="A revision of Centaurea sect. Cynaroides (Asteraceae, Cardueae-Centaureinae)" masterLastPageNumber="450" masterPageNumber="448" pageNumber="448" updateTime="1725593506943" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="5C2D4A3DDB3CAC47DE32A6CCD4452B89">A revision of Centaurea sect. Cynaroides (Asteraceae, Cardueae-Centaureinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B4CF878CF5FF41BE48537974F9306CF1">Negaresh, Kazem</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="483E6DDAE4B16E53FED2B7A3B5AE200A">Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Khuzestan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Mollasani, Ahvaz, Iran. (* Corresponding author e-mail: negaresh @ ramin. ac. ir)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="58FE083492272537FC4A79B9F10E4848">Rahiminejad, Mohammad Reza</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="4D093A9A9DBBE97EC8663BFD97A8AB2B">Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Khuzestan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Mollasani, Ahvaz, Iran. (* Corresponding author e-mail: negaresh @ ramin. ac. ir) &amp; Department of Biology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746 - 73441, Iran. &amp; Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Khuzestan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Mollasani, Ahvaz, Iran. (* Corresponding author e-mail: negaresh @ ramin. ac. ir)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="5E5D53297002918F7C2980A4CD3375E0">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03E887F4DF0DFFE819D438B3F217FF5E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E887F4DF0DFFE819D438B3F217FF5E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E887F4DF0DFFE819D438B3F217FF5E" lastPageId="36" pageId="31">
<subSubSection id="C35B6569DF0DFFD319D438B3F405F94F" pageId="31" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF0DFFD319D438B3F405F94F" blockId="31.[136,1451,1677,1740]" pageId="31">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF0DFFD319D438B3F1D3F92B" bold="true" box="[136,157,1679,1704]" pageId="31">8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF0DFFD319FD38B1F301F92B" ID-CoL="S6BC" authority="Halacsy &amp; Dorfler" authorityName="Halacsy &amp; Dorfler" box="[161,591,1677,1704]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="charrelii">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF0DFFD319FD38B1F0CCF92B" bold="true" box="[161,386,1677,1704]" italics="true" pageId="31">Centaurea charrelii</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B293CBFDF0DFFD318D938B3F301F92B" box="[389,591,1679,1704]" collectingDate="1893-09-07" collectionCode="W" country="Greece" county="Charrel" location="Dorfler" municipality="Vodena Macedoniae" pageId="31" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="lectotype">Halácsy &amp; Dörfler</materialsCitation>
</taxonomicName>
in 
<location id="8E9E6039DF0DFFD31B3038B3F3F0F92B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E887F4DF0DFFE819D438B3F217FF5E:8E9E6039DF0DFFD31B3038B3F3F0F92B" box="[620,702,1679,1704]" country="Greece" county="Charrel" municipality="Vodena Macedoniae" name="Dorfler" pageId="31">Dörfler</location>
(1894: 6). 
<location id="8E9E6039DF0DFFD31A6D38B3F225F92B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E887F4DF0DFFE819D438B3F217FF5E:8E9E6039DF0DFFD31A6D38B3F225F92B" box="[817,875,1679,1704]" country="Greece" county="Charrel" municipality="Vodena Macedoniae" name="Type" pageId="31">Type</location>
:— 
<collectingCountry id="F3567672DF0DFFD31AD038B3F2B3F92B" box="[908,1021,1679,1704]" name="Greece" pageId="31">GREECE</collectingCountry>
. 
<location id="8E9E6039DF0DFFD31D5838B3F530F92B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E887F4DF0DFFE819D438B3F217FF5E:8E9E6039DF0DFFD31D5838B3F530F92B" box="[1028,1150,1679,1704]" country="Greece" county="Charrel" municipality="Vodena Macedoniae" name="In Vladova" pageId="31">In Vladova</location>
prope 
<collectingMunicipality id="6B9AAC98DF0DFFD31D9838B3F4E6F92B" box="[1220,1448,1679,1704]" pageId="31">Vodena Macedoniae</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<date id="FFFF1022DF0DFFD319D4388FF019F94F" box="[136,343,1715,1740]" pageId="31" value="1893-09-07">
<collectingDate id="EFBBE9CADF0DFFD319D4388FF019F94F" box="[136,343,1715,1740]" pageId="31" value="1893-09-07">7 September 1893</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF0DFFD3183E388FF0A9F94F" box="[354,487,1715,1740]" italics="true" pageId="31">
<collectingCounty id="629F4E6EDF0DFFD3183E388FF0F4F94F" box="[354,442,1715,1740]" pageId="31">Charrel</collectingCounty>
s.n.
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="54FA8840DF0DFFD318AA388FF311F94F" box="[502,607,1715,1740]" pageId="31" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
W! designated by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B13DF0DFFD31A6D388FF55BF94F" author="Wagenitz, G." box="[817,1045,1715,1740]" pageId="31" pagination="469 - 494" refId="ref69162" refString="Wagenitz, G. (1960) Centaurea L. sect. Cynaropsis, eine neue Sektion der Gattung aus Vorderasien. Willdenowia 2: 469 - 494." type="journal article" year="1960">Wagenitz 1960: 486</bibRefCitation>
, 
<typeStatus id="54FA8840DF0DFFD31D7C388FF5E9F94F" box="[1056,1191,1715,1740]" pageId="31" type="isolectotype">isolectotype</typeStatus>
W!). (
<figureCitation id="137A2A67DF0DFFD31DAD388FF40CF94F" box="[1265,1346,1715,1740]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="34.[136,229,1953,1974]" captionTargetBox="[164,1433,230,1929]" captionTargetId="figure-17@34.[154,1433,190,1929]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 21. Centaurea charrelii Halácsy &amp; Dörfler (Charrel s.n., B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13703464" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13703464/files/figure.png" pageId="31">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35B6569DF0DFFEF19D438C7F558F7A4" lastPageId="35" pageId="31" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF0DFFEF19D438C7F08DFDC6" blockId="31.[136,1452,1787,2064]" lastBlockId="35.[136,1452,160,833]" lastPageId="35" pageId="31">
Biennial plants, with thick fleshy taproot, whole plant usually green in vivo, 
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tall; collar of fibrous petiolar remains present at stem base. Stem erect, branched in upper part, 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF0DFFD31A323923F282F8BB" box="[878,972,1823,1848]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="31" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="5.0">5–8 mm</quantity>
in diam. at base, densely leafy throughout stem, cylindrical, with thick yellowish striations, ± loosely covered with arachnoid hairs. Leaves thin, papyraceous (on drying), undivided, subglabrous to loosely arachnoid and scabrous. Basal and lower cauline leaves large, simple, petiolate, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, entire, acute at apex. Median and upper cauline leaves sessile, simple, broadly winged, lanceolate to oblong, or narrowly lanceolate, 3–10 × 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF0DFFD31A6D3993F2FEF84B" box="[817,944,1967,1992]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="0.7" pageId="31" unit="cm" value="2.1" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="0.7">0.7–3.5 cm</quantity>
, entire, acuminate or cuspidate at apex, rarely median leaves strongly narrowed toward base, uppermost leaves surrounding the capitula. Capitula numerous, 5 to 10(–15), arranged in a corymb, sessile or subsessile. Involucres ovoid to ovoid-oblong, 25–32 × 
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. Phyllaries multiseriate, greenish-yellow, imbricate, coriaceous, glabrous. Appendages large, totally concealing phyllaries, chartaceous, not decurrent, straw-coloured, lanceolate, 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF31FFEF1BAB3EF8F21AFF5E" box="[759,852,196,221]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="35" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3–5 mm</quantity>
wide at base (excluding cilia); cilia erect, numerous, 8–15 on each side, 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF31FFEF18013ED4F0F4FE82" box="[349,442,232,257]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="35" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2–4 mm</quantity>
long; spines rigid, short, 
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long, slightly longer than adjacent cilia. Outer phyllaries ovate, 2–3 × 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF31FFEF18413F30F033FEA6" box="[285,381,268,293]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="35" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 mm</quantity>
, appendages 10–14 × 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF31FFEF1B253F30F3ADFEA6" box="[633,739,268,293]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="35" unit="mm" value="8.5" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="6.0">6–11 mm</quantity>
(including cilia and spine). Median phyllaries lanceolate, 4–11 × 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF31FFEF19C33F0CF1B0FECA" box="[159,254,304,329]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="35" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="5.0">5–6 mm</quantity>
, appendages 13–16 × 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF31FFEF18A43F0CF33FFECA" box="[504,625,304,329]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="35" unit="mm" value="12.0" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="10.0">10–14 mm</quantity>
(including cilia and spine). Inner phyllaries narrowly lanceolate to linear, 16–18 × 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF31FFEF19B73F68F03DFEEE" box="[235,371,340,365]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.65" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="35" unit="mm" value="3.65" valueMax="4.5" valueMin="2.8">2.8–4.5 mm</quantity>
, appendages rounded into short spine or lacerate. Flowers yellow; central florets hermaphroditic, ± 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF31FFEF19FD3F44F1BCFE12" box="[161,242,376,401]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="35" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
long, corolla ± 
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long, 5-lobed, lobes 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF31FFEF1BA83F44F21DFE12" box="[756,851,376,401]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="35" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="6.0">6–7 mm</quantity>
long, style longer than corolla, stigma exserted part from corolla; peripheral florets sterile, slightly shorter than central ones, numerous (
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each capitulum) and conspicuous, finely dissected, slightly radiant, 5-lobed, limb lobes linear, ca. 
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long. Achenes oblong, 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF31FFEF1C653FFCF4E2FE5A" box="[1337,1452,448,473]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.25" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="35" unit="mm" value="5.25" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.5">4.5–6 mm</quantity>
long, 
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wide, dark brown or silver-bronze, smooth or with fine striations, glabrous; insertion areole lateral, yellowish or whitish, 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF31FFEF18203C34F34DFDA2" box="[380,515,520,545]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="35" unit="mm" value="0.65" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.5">0.5–0.8 mm</quantity>
long. Pappus persistent, multiseriate, scabrous, whitish, as long as or less ½ longer than achenes, 
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long.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3E666ADF32FFEC19D4398EF0A3F868" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13703460" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13703460" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13703460/files/figure.png" pageId="32" startId="32.[136,229,1970,1991]" targetBox="[174,1394,207,1922]" targetPageId="32" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF32FFEC19D4398EF0A3F868" blockId="32.[136,1451,1970,2027]" pageId="32">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF32FFEC19D4398EF044F844" bold="true" box="[136,266,1970,1991]" pageId="32">FIGURE 19.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF32FFEC1853398EF223F844" box="[271,877,1970,1991]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="cataonica" subSpecies="cataonica">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF32FFEC1853398EF097F844" box="[271,473,1970,1991]" italics="true" pageId="32">Centaurea cataonica</emphasis>
Boissier &amp; Haussknecht subsp. 
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF32FFEC1A52398EF223F844" box="[782,877,1970,1991]" italics="true" pageId="32">cataonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF32FFEC1A27398EF553F844" box="[891,1053,1970,1991]" italics="true" pageId="32">Haussknecht s.n.</emphasis>
, G). 
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF32FFEC1D12398EF511F844" bold="true" box="[1102,1119,1970,1991]" pageId="32">A</emphasis>
. phyllaries and leaves. 
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF32FFEC1C1C398EF41EF844" bold="true" box="[1344,1360,1970,1991]" pageId="32">B</emphasis>
. close up of capitule. 
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF32FFEC19A639EAF045F868" bold="true" box="[250,267,2006,2027]" pageId="32">C</emphasis>
. habit. Scale 
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF32FFEC18D139EAF0D3F868" bold="true" box="[397,413,2006,2027]" pageId="32">B</emphasis>
= 1 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF33FFED19D4399DF5C0F835" blockId="33.[136,1166,1953,1974]" box="[136,1166,1953,1974]" pageId="33">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF33FFED19D4399DF047F835" bold="true" box="[136,265,1953,1974]" pageId="33">FIGURE 20.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF33FFED1853399DF2F9F835" authority="Negaresh" authorityName="Negaresh" authorityYear="2018" box="[271,951,1953,1974]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="cataonica" subSpecies="syriaca">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF33FFED1853399DF097F835" box="[271,473,1953,1974]" italics="true" pageId="33">Centaurea cataonica</emphasis>
Boissier &amp; Haussknecht subsp. 
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF33FFED1A53399DF218F835" box="[783,854,1953,1974]" italics="true" pageId="33">syriaca</emphasis>
Negaresh
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF33FFED1A98399DF529F835" box="[964,1127,1953,1974]" italics="true" pageId="33">Haussknecht s.n.</emphasis>
, P).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF3E666ADF30FFEE19D4399DF27EF835" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13703464" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13703464" box="[136,816,1953,1974]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13703464/files/figure.png" pageId="34" startId="34.[136,229,1953,1974]" targetBox="[164,1433,230,1929]" targetPageId="34" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF30FFEE19D4399DF27EF835" blockId="34.[136,816,1953,1974]" box="[136,816,1953,1974]" pageId="34">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF30FFEE19D4399DF044F835" bold="true" box="[136,266,1953,1974]" pageId="34">FIGURE 21.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF30FFEE1853399DF3C8F835" authority="Halacsy &amp; Dorfler" authorityName="Halacsy &amp; Dorfler" box="[271,646,1953,1974]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="charrelii">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF30FFEE1853399DF083F835" box="[271,461,1953,1974]" italics="true" pageId="34">Centaurea charrelii</emphasis>
Halácsy &amp; Dörfler
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF30FFEE1BC8399DF248F835" box="[660,774,1953,1974]" italics="true" pageId="34">Charrel s.n.</emphasis>
, B).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF31FFEF19E13C6CF531FCC2" blockId="35.[136,1452,160,833]" pageId="35">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF31FFEF19E13C6CF33FFDEA" bold="true" box="[189,625,592,617]" pageId="35">Taxonomic and distribution remarks:</emphasis>
— 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF31FFEF1BD13C6CF22AFDEA" box="[653,868,592,617]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="charrelii">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF31FFEF1BD13C6CF22AFDEA" box="[653,868,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="35">Centaurea charrelii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a rare endemic to Edhessa and Domokos, N 
<collectingCountry id="F3567672DF31FFEF1C023C6CF4E2FDEA" box="[1374,1452,592,617]" name="Greece" pageId="35">Greece</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="137A2A67DF31FFEF19CC3C48F1ACFD0E" box="[144,226,628,653]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="35.[136,229,1632,1653]" captionTargetBox="[164,1376,881,1590]" captionTargetId="figure-330@35.[151,1436,857,1607]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 22. Distribution of Centaurea charrelii (circles), C. doddsii (squares), and C. fenzlii (triangles)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13703466" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13703466/files/figure.png" pageId="35">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
). It is only known from two above localities which harbour very small and severely threatened populations (not exceeding 50 individuals in total). 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF31FFEF1B4F3CA4F3A1FD32" box="[531,751,664,689]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="charrelii">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF31FFEF1B4F3CA4F3A1FD32" box="[531,751,664,689]" italics="true" pageId="35">Centaurea charrelii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
grows on rocky slopes, clayey slopes, green hills, serpentine or a mixed serpentine and flysch, shrub land, scattered between 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF31FFEF1A2F3C80F51CFD56" box="[883,1106,700,725]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cocciferas">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF31FFEF1A2F3C80F51CFD56" box="[883,1106,700,725]" italics="true" pageId="35">Quercus cocciferas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or margin of forest, and low-montane zone, at elevations of ca. 
<specimenCount id="9D47FD6BDF31FFEF1B4C3CDCF311FD7A" box="[528,607,736,761]" count="500" pageId="35" type="generic">
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF31FFEF1B4C3CDCF315FD7A" box="[528,603,736,761]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="35" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
It is a Mediterranean element and is the only species of the Asiatic 
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF31FFEF1C053CDCF43AFD7A" box="[1369,1396,736,761]" italics="true" pageId="35">C.</emphasis>
sect. 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF31FFEF19D43D38F048FC9E" box="[136,262,772,797]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cynaroides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF31FFEF19D43D38F048FC9E" box="[136,262,772,797]" italics="true" pageId="35">Cynaroides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that is found in the Mediterranean region (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B13DF31FFEF1BB73D38F51AFC9E" author="Negaresh, K. &amp; Rahiminejad, M. R." box="[747,1108,772,797]" pageId="35" pagination="229 - 244" refId="ref67972" refString="Negaresh, K. &amp; Rahiminejad, M. R. (2014) A contribution to the taxonomy of Centaurea sect. Cynaroides (Asteraceae, Cardueae - Centaureinae) in Iran. Phytotaxa 158 (3): 229 - 244. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 158.3.3" type="journal article" year="2014">Negaresh &amp; Rahiminejad 2014</bibRefCitation>
), growing more than 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF31FFEF1C1A3D38F4E2FC9E" box="[1350,1452,772,797]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="35" unit="km" value="1200.0">1200 km</quantity>
from any other member of the same section (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B13DF31FFEF1BD73D14F204FCC2" author="Wagenitz, G." box="[651,842,808,833]" pageId="35" pagination="1 - 442" refId="ref69273" refString="Wagenitz, G. (1975 b) Floristic connections between the Balkan Peninsula and the Near East as exemplified by the genus Centaurea. In: Jordanev, D., Bondev, I., Kozuharov, S., Kuzmanov, V., Palamarev, E. &amp; Velcev, V. (Eds.) Problems of Balkan flora and vegetation. Sofia: Publishing House of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, pp. 1 - 442." type="book chapter" year="1975">Wagenitz 1975b</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B13DF31FFEF1A093D14F520FCC2" author="Constantinidis, T. &amp; Bareka, E. P. &amp; Kamari, G." box="[853,1134,808,833]" pageId="35" pagination="109 - 124" refId="ref65694" refString="Constantinidis, T., Bareka, E. P. &amp; Kamari, G. (2002) Karyotaxonomy of Greek serpentine angiosperms. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 139: 109 - 124. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1095 - 8339.2002.00044. x" type="journal article" year="2002">
Constantinidis 
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF31FFEF1AA63D14F57FFCC2" box="[1018,1073,808,833]" italics="true" pageId="35">et al.</emphasis>
2002
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3E666ADF31FFEF19D4385CF533F9F6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13703466" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13703466" box="[136,1149,1632,1653]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13703466/files/figure.png" pageId="35" startId="35.[136,229,1632,1653]" targetBox="[164,1376,881,1590]" targetPageId="35" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF31FFEF19D4385CF533F9F6" blockId="35.[136,1149,1632,1653]" box="[136,1149,1632,1653]" pageId="35">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF31FFEF19D4385CF04DF9F6" bold="true" box="[136,259,1632,1653]" pageId="35">FIGURE 22</emphasis>
. Distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF31FFEF18FF385CF32FF9F6" box="[419,609,1632,1653]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="charrelii">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF31FFEF18FF385CF32FF9F6" box="[419,609,1632,1653]" italics="true" pageId="35">Centaurea charrelii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(circles), 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF31FFEF1B9E385CF26BF9F6" box="[706,805,1632,1653]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="doddsii">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF31FFEF1B9E385CF26BF9F6" box="[706,805,1632,1653]" italics="true" pageId="35">C. doddsii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(squares), and 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF31FFEF1AEB385CF540F9F6" authorityName="Reichardt (1863:" authorityYear="1039" box="[951,1038,1632,1653]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fenzlii">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF31FFEF1AEB385CF540F9F6" box="[951,1038,1632,1653]" italics="true" pageId="35">C. fenzlii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(triangles).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF31FFEF19E1389AF420F838" blockId="35.[136,1452,1702,2087]" pageId="35">
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF31FFEF19E1389AF0C2F93C" authorityName="Negaresh" authorityYear="2017" box="[189,396,1702,1727]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="zaferii">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF31FFEF19E1389AF0C2F93C" box="[189,396,1702,1727]" italics="true" pageId="35">Centaurea zaferii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="F3567672DF31FFEF1888389AF366F93C" box="[468,552,1702,1727]" name="Turkey" pageId="35">Turkey</collectingCountry>
is the only species that shows a relationship to 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF31FFEF1D02389AF5AEF93C" box="[1118,1248,1702,1727]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="charrelii">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF31FFEF1D02389AF5AEF93C" box="[1118,1248,1702,1727]" italics="true" pageId="35">C. charrelii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having yellow flowers, chartaceous and lanceolate appendages (totally concealing phyllaries). Actually, the flowers and appendages are same in both species. However, 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF31FFEF1B4A38D2F3D9F884" box="[534,663,1774,1799]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="charrelii">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF31FFEF1B4A38D2F3D9F884" box="[534,663,1774,1799]" italics="true" pageId="35">C. charrelii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from it in some characters such as stem 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF31FFEF1DFB38D2F45BF884" box="[1191,1301,1774,1799]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="35" unit="cm" value="60.0" valueMax="70.0" valueMin="50.0">50–70 cm</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF31FFEF1C7938D2F472F884" box="[1317,1340,1774,1799]" italics="true" pageId="35">vs</emphasis>
. 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF31FFEF1C1538D2F1E2F8A8" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="35" unit="cm" value="125.0" valueMax="150.0" valueMin="100.0">100–150 cm</quantity>
) tall, basal and lower cauline leaves large, simple, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, entire (
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF31FFEF1DFD392EF5F6F8A8" box="[1185,1208,1810,1835]" italics="true" pageId="35">vs</emphasis>
. very large, 60–77 × 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF31FFEF19D4390AF1B5F8CC" box="[136,251,1846,1871]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="35" unit="cm" value="12.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="10.0">10–15 cm</quantity>
, with 1–2 pairs of ± falcate or triangular lobes (
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF31FFEF1A41390AF23DF8CC" box="[797,883,1846,1871]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="35" unit="cm" value="6.0" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="4.0">4–8 cm</quantity>
long), denticulate), median cauline leaves 3–10 × 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF31FFEF19D43966F048F8F0" box="[136,262,1882,1907]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="0.7" pageId="35" unit="cm" value="2.1" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="0.7">0.7–3.5 cm</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF31FFEF18443966F061F8F0" box="[280,303,1882,1907]" italics="true" pageId="35">vs</emphasis>
. 10–15 × 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF31FFEF18FA3966F0B0F8F0" box="[422,510,1882,1907]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="35" unit="cm" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3–5 cm</quantity>
), capitula 5 to 10(–15), arranged in a corymb (
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF31FFEF1D493966F562F8F0" box="[1045,1068,1882,1907]" italics="true" pageId="35">vs</emphasis>
. capitula in 2–3 nearly congested (subsessile) at end of stem and short branches, arranged in a subraceme or racemose dichasium), involucres 25–32 × 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF31FFEF19D4399EF04FF838" box="[136,257,1954,1979]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="35" unit="mm" value="28.5" valueMax="32.0" valueMin="25.0">25–32 mm</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF31FFEF184D399EF066F838" box="[273,296,1954,1979]" italics="true" pageId="35">vs</emphasis>
. 23–25 × 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF31FFEF18C6399EF35DF838" box="[410,531,1954,1979]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="35" unit="mm" value="19.0" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="13.0">13–25 mm</quantity>
), and also appendages 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF31FFEF1A42399EF235F838" box="[798,891,1954,1979]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="35" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3–5 mm</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF31FFEF1AD7399EF2ECF838" box="[907,930,1954,1979]" italics="true" pageId="35">vs</emphasis>
. 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF31FFEF1AEC399EF540F838" box="[944,1038,1954,1979]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="35" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 mm</quantity>
) wide at base (excluding cilia).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF31FFEF19E139FAF558F7A4" blockId="35.[136,1452,1702,2087]" pageId="35">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF31FFEF19E139FAF092F85C" bold="true" box="[189,476,1990,2015]" pageId="35">Chromosome numbers:</emphasis>
— 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B13DF31FFEF18A539FAF274F85C" author="Constantinidis, T. &amp; Bareka, E. P. &amp; Kamari, G." box="[505,826,1990,2015]" pageId="35" pagination="109 - 124" refId="ref65694" refString="Constantinidis, T., Bareka, E. P. &amp; Kamari, G. (2002) Karyotaxonomy of Greek serpentine angiosperms. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 139: 109 - 124. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1095 - 8339.2002.00044. x" type="journal article" year="2002">
Constantinidis 
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF31FFEF1BFA39FAF3AAF85C" box="[678,740,1990,2015]" italics="true" pageId="35">et al.</emphasis>
(2002)
</bibRefCitation>
reported the chromosome number 2 
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF31FFEF1DB639FAF5B6F85C" box="[1258,1272,1990,2015]" italics="true" pageId="35">n</emphasis>
= 4 
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF31FFEF1C7239FAF474F85C" box="[1326,1338,1990,2015]" italics="true" pageId="35">x</emphasis>
= 36 for 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF31FFEF19D439D6F029F780" box="[136,359,2026,2051]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="charrelii">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF31FFEF19D439D6F029F780" box="[136,359,2026,2051]" italics="true" pageId="35">Centaurea charrelii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
collected from 
<collectingCountry id="F3567672DF31FFEF1B4739D6F323F780" box="[539,621,2026,2051]" name="Greece" pageId="35">Greece</collectingCountry>
, Nomos Fthiotidos, Road Lamia-Domokos, Omvriaki village. This is the only count for this taxon and the first report of tetraploidy in 
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF31FFEF1A683632F200F7A4" box="[820,846,2062,2087]" italics="true" pageId="35">C.</emphasis>
sect. 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF31FFEF1AD33632F541F7A4" box="[911,1039,2062,2087]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cynaroides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF31FFEF1AD33632F541F7A4" box="[911,1039,2062,2087]" italics="true" pageId="35">Cynaroides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35B6569DF36FFE819E13E9CF217FF5E" pageId="36" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF36FFE819E13E9CF4E2FF3A" blockId="36.[136,1452,160,221]" box="[189,1452,160,185]" pageId="36">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF36FFE819E13E9CF372FF3A" bold="true" box="[189,572,160,185]" pageId="36">Selected specimens examined:—</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B293CBFDF36FFE81B603E9CF4E2FF3A" box="[572,1452,160,185]" collectingDate="1893-09-18" country="Greece" location="In Vladova" municipality="Vodena Macedoniae" pageId="36" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF36FFE81B603E9CF3FCFF3A" bold="true" box="[572,690,160,185]" pageId="36">
<collectingCountry id="F3567672DF36FFE81B603E9CF3FCFF3A" box="[572,690,160,185]" name="Greece" pageId="36">GREECE</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
. 
<location id="8E9E6039DF36FFE81BE23E9CF277FF3A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E887F4DF0DFFE819D438B3F217FF5E:8E9E6039DF36FFE81BE23E9CF277FF3A" box="[702,825,160,185]" country="Greece" municipality="Vodena Macedoniae" name="In Vladova" pageId="36">In Vladova</location>
prope 
<collectingMunicipality id="6B9AAC98DF36FFE81ADF3E9CF526FF3A" box="[899,1128,160,185]" pageId="36">Vodena Macedoniae</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<date id="FFFF1022DF36FFE81D2D3E9CF405FF3A" box="[1137,1355,160,185]" pageId="36" value="1893-09-18">
<collectingDate id="EFBBE9CADF36FFE81D2D3E9CF405FF3A" box="[1137,1355,160,185]" pageId="36" value="1893-09-18">18 September 1893</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF36FFE81C083E9CF4E2FF3A" box="[1364,1452,160,185]" italics="true" pageId="36">Charrel</emphasis>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF36FFE819D43EF8F217FF5E" blockId="36.[136,1452,160,221]" box="[136,857,196,221]" pageId="36">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF36FFE819D43EF8F1E1FF5E" box="[136,175,196,221]" italics="true" pageId="36">s.n.</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED50AE27DF36FFE8199D3EF8F194FF5E" box="[193,218,196,221]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15534" name="Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Zentraleinrichtung der Freien Universitaet" pageId="36" type="Herbarium">B</collectionCode>
!: three sheets, 
<collectionCode id="ED50AE27DF36FFE818273EF8F0D8FF5E" box="[379,406,196,221]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="36" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode>
!, 
<collectionCode id="ED50AE27DF36FFE818FB3EF8F087FF5E" box="[423,457,196,221]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15444" name="Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena" pageId="36" type="Herbarium">JE</collectionCode>
!) (
<typeStatus id="54FA8840DF36FFE818B83EF8F308FF5E" box="[484,582,196,221]" pageId="36" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF36FFE81B303EF8F207FF5E" box="[620,841,196,221]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="charrelii">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF36FFE81B303EF8F207FF5E" box="[620,841,196,221]" italics="true" pageId="36">Centaurea charrelii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>