treatments-xml/data/03/DC/87/03DC878D336FFFB9FF479850FDE2F9A3.xml

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<mods:title id="23C8A7CCDCD895B264BD4DC92CD9B637">Revised species definitions and nomenclature of the rose colored Cithaerias butterflies (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03DC878D336FFFB9FF479850FDE2F9A3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6131667" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119591311" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6131667" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DC878D336FFFB9FF479850FDE2F9A3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC878D336FFFB9FF479850FDE2F9A3" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="552" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">
<subSubSection id="C36F6510336FFFBBFF479850FDB3FB29" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BCA369B336FFFBBFF479850FCECFBC5" blockId="9.[151,834,1051,1111]" box="[151,834,1051,1078]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">
<heading id="D08281F7336FFFBBFF479850FCECFBC5" bold="true" box="[151,834,1051,1078]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B901EA89336FFFBBFF479850FCECFBC5" bold="true" box="[151,834,1051,1078]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">
<taxonomicName id="4C754D18336FFFBBFF479850FD35FBC5" ID-CoL="VLVY" authority="C. Felder &amp; R. Felder" authorityName="C. Felder &amp; R. Felder" box="[151,667,1051,1078]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cithaerias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurora" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="B901EA89336FFFBBFF479850FEC1FBC6" bold="true" box="[151,367,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">Cithaerias aurora</emphasis>
(C. Felder &amp; R. Felder)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23257F2336FFFBBFD729857FCECFBC5" box="[674,834,1052,1078]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">STAT. REV.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8BCA369B336FFFBBFF479875FE15FBA4" blockId="9.[151,834,1051,1111]" box="[151,443,1086,1111]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">
(
<figureCitation id="134E2A1E336FFFBBFF4F9875FF49FBA4" box="[159,231,1086,1111]" captionStart="FIGURE 4. C" captionStartId="10.[151,244,1935,1957]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,555,1883]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,551,1887]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. C. aurora; dorsal view on the left, ventral on the right. Collecting localities and genitalia dissection codes appear below each specimen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230843/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">Figs 4</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="134E2A1E336FFFBBFF239875FE85FBA4" box="[243,299,1086,1111]" captionStart="FIGURE 5. a – e, C" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1208,1230]" captionTargetBox="[159,1426,198,1159]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,191,1168]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. a – e, C. aurora; f, C. aurorina; g – i, C. pyritosa; dorsal view on the left, ventral on the right. Collecting localities and genitalia dissection codes appear below each specimen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230844/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">5a–e</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="134E2A1E336FFFBBFEE69875FEEAFBA4" box="[310,324,1086,1111]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1818,1840]" captionTargetBox="[260,1320,202,1764]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[253,1324,191,1766]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Male genitalia in lateral and ventral views, tegument and uncus in dorsal view, and subscaphium in ventral view. Valva setae shown on one side only. When not clearly visible in the lateral view illustration, the phallus was shown separately. The position of the phallus varies between illustrations, which does not reflect true variation in length. Given that the two parts of the subscaphium (subanal plate and adjacent sclerotized area) rest on the membranous diaphragma, the variation in the shape of the subanal plate includes preparation artifacts (compare c – e which belong to the same species). Scale bar 1 mm for all images. a, C. pireta dissection CMP 13 - 09; b, C. cliftoni dissection LGA 12 - 05; c – e, C. aurora dissections CMP 13 - 16, CMP 13 - 19 and CMP 13 - 18." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230845/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">6</figureCitation>
c–e, 8d, 9)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCA369B336FFFBBFF4798CCFDB3FB29" blockId="9.[151,584,1158,1242]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">
<taxonomicName id="4C754D18336FFFBBFF4798CCFE0AFB6F" authority="Fassl" authorityName="Fassl" box="[151,420,1158,1180]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Callitaera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phantoma">
<emphasis id="B901EA89336FFFBBFF4798CCFEC4FB6F" box="[151,362,1159,1180]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">Callitaera phantoma</emphasis>
Fassl
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B901EA89336FFFBBFE7B98CDFD89FB6F" bold="true" box="[427,551,1158,1180]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">NEW SYN.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B901EA89336FFFBBFF4798EEFED6FB48" box="[151,376,1189,1211]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">
<taxonomicName id="4C754D18336FFFBBFF4798EEFEEFFB48" box="[151,321,1189,1211]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Callitaera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pireta">Callitaera pireta</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C754D18336FFFBBFE9898EDFED6FB48" authority="Langer" authorityName="Langer" box="[328,376,1190,1211]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Callitaera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aura">aura</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
Langer 
<emphasis id="B901EA89336FFFBBFE1C98EEFDECFB48" bold="true" box="[460,578,1189,1211]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">NEW SYN</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C754D18336FFFBBFF47988FFEDCFB2A" box="[151,370,1220,1241]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cithaerias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juruaensis">
<emphasis id="B901EA89336FFFBBFF47988FFEDCFB2A" box="[151,370,1220,1241]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">Cithaerias juruaënsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[sic] D’Almeida
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36F6510336FFFBBFF47994DFCA7FAB0" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BCA369B336FFFBBFF47994DFCA7FAB0" blockId="9.[151,1437,1286,2031]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">
<emphasis id="B901EA89336FFFBBFF47994DFEE7FAEC" bold="true" box="[151,329,1286,1311]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">
<typeStatus id="54CE8839336FFFBBFF47994DFF7AFAEC" box="[151,212,1286,1311]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">Type</typeStatus>
material:
</emphasis>
The 
<typeStatus id="54CE8839336FFFBBFE52994CFE1CFAEC" box="[386,434,1287,1311]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">type</typeStatus>
specimen is in the Natural History Museum, 
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336FFFBBFC7D994CFC7BFAED" box="[941,981,1287,1310]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">UK</collectingCountry>
http://www.butterfliesofamerica.com/L/ ih/n_ 
<taxonomicName id="4C754D18336FFFBBFF019961FE90FAB0" box="[209,318,1322,1347]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cithaerias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">cithaerias</taxonomicName>
0025_i.htm (last accessed 
<date id="FFCB105B336FFFBBFDB39960FD53FAB0" box="[611,765,1323,1347]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" value="2014-06-22">22 June 2014</date>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36F6510336FFFBBFF179905FB97FA78" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BCA369B336FFFBBFF179905FB97FA78" blockId="9.[151,1437,1286,2031]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">
<emphasis id="B901EA89336FFFBBFF179905FECEFA94" bold="true" box="[199,352,1358,1383]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336FFFBBFEBB9905FE1CFA94" box="[363,434,1358,1383]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336FFFBBFE119905FD9EFA94" box="[449,560,1358,1383]" name="Colombia" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">Colombia</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336FFFBBFDBE9904FD0AFA95" box="[622,676,1359,1382]" name="Peru" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">Peru</collectingCountry>
, east of the Andes. Available collection records suggest that this species is not sympatric with 
<taxonomicName id="4C754D18336FFFBBFE319938FDFFFA78" box="[481,593,1395,1419]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cithaerias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cliftoni">
<emphasis id="B901EA89336FFFBBFE319938FDFFFA78" box="[481,593,1395,1419]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">C. cliftoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. See map (
<figureCitation id="134E2A1E336FFFBBFD1E9939FCBCFA78" box="[718,786,1394,1419]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1170,1192]" captionTargetBox="[168,1420,196,1125]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[160,1427,191,1132]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Map showing the collecting localities of examined specimens (excluding dubious localities)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230848/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
) for examined specimens.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36F6510336FFFBBFF1799DDFCD5F854" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BCA369B336FFFBBFF1799DDFCD5F854" blockId="9.[151,1437,1286,2031]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">
<emphasis id="B901EA89336FFFBBFF1799DDFEEFFA5C" bold="true" box="[199,321,1430,1455]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
We define this species based on the following combination of characters (numbered in 
<figureCitation id="134E2A1E336FFFBBFAF199DDFAC8FA5C" box="[1313,1382,1430,1455]" captionStart="FIGURE 4. C" captionStartId="10.[151,244,1935,1957]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,555,1883]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,551,1887]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. C. aurora; dorsal view on the left, ventral on the right. Collecting localities and genitalia dissection codes appear below each specimen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230843/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
): (1) male HW marginal band very thin; (2) male HW submarginal band usually thin, clearly separated from marginal band and slightly staggered; (3) male HW postmedial band that outlines the ocellus usually complete, reaching vein M3; (4) male HW postmedial band usually thin, forming a staggered pattern, complete across cells M3 through Cu2 or reduced/absent from cell M3 depending on the locality; (5) distance between male HW submarginal and postmedial bands usually larger than the width of the cells, variable between cells; (6) male HW rose scaling diffuse but denser than in 
<taxonomicName id="4C754D18336FFFBBFE139A24FD9AF975" box="[451,564,1646,1670]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cithaerias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cliftoni">
<emphasis id="B901EA89336FFFBBFE139A24FD9AF975" box="[451,564,1646,1670]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">C. cliftoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, usually not entering discal cell, or only entering the distal portion of discal cell; (7) female with much wider HW brown bands than male, forming arches in each cell; (8) female HW scaling usually limited to postmedial but sometimes reaching the medial area, vivid rose (more so than 
<taxonomicName id="4C754D18336FFFBBFB149AFCFA9AF93D" box="[1220,1332,1718,1742]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cithaerias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cliftoni">
<emphasis id="B901EA89336FFFBBFB149AFCFA9AF93D" box="[1220,1332,1718,1742]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">C. cliftoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). In both sexes the FW brown bands vary from incomplete (below discal cell only) to nearly absent. Male genitalia (
<figureCitation id="134E2A1E336FFFBBFABF9A91FF08F8E4" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1818,1840]" captionTargetBox="[260,1320,202,1764]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[253,1324,191,1766]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Male genitalia in lateral and ventral views, tegument and uncus in dorsal view, and subscaphium in ventral view. Valva setae shown on one side only. When not clearly visible in the lateral view illustration, the phallus was shown separately. The position of the phallus varies between illustrations, which does not reflect true variation in length. Given that the two parts of the subscaphium (subanal plate and adjacent sclerotized area) rest on the membranous diaphragma, the variation in the shape of the subanal plate includes preparation artifacts (compare c – e which belong to the same species). Scale bar 1 mm for all images. a, C. pireta dissection CMP 13 - 09; b, C. cliftoni dissection LGA 12 - 05; c – e, C. aurora dissections CMP 13 - 16, CMP 13 - 19 and CMP 13 - 18." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230845/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
c–e): in lateral view the valva is slightly shorter than that of 
<taxonomicName id="4C754D18336FFFBBFC9F9AB4FC6EF8E5" box="[847,960,1790,1814]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cithaerias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cliftoni">
<emphasis id="B901EA89336FFFBBFC9F9AB4FC6EF8E5" box="[847,960,1790,1814]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">C. cliftoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which also lacks inner projection as seen in ventro-lateral view; in dorsal view the lateral edges of uncus plus tegumen are rounded; and in ventral view the rounded shape of the sclerotized subscaphium bears large spines—a key difference between 
<taxonomicName id="4C754D18336FFFBBFB029B0CFAEAF8AD" box="[1234,1348,1863,1886]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cithaerias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurora">
<emphasis id="B901EA89336FFFBBFB029B0CFAEAF8AD" box="[1234,1348,1863,1886]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">C. aurora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C754D18336FFFBBFA529B0CFF48F870" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cithaerias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cliftoni">
<emphasis id="B901EA89336FFFBBFA529B0CFF48F870" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">C. cliftoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Female genitalia (
<figureCitation id="134E2A1E336FFFBBFE169B21FDA2F870" box="[454,524,1898,1923]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1788,1810]" captionTargetBox="[167,1426,455,1740]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,443,1751]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Female genitalia in ventral view, including schematic representation of papilla anales and abdomen outline. Scale bar Scale bar 1 mm for line drawings only. a, C. pireta dissection CMP 13 – 28, the arrow indicates lateral portion of the sterigma that is much reduced (and not illustrated) in other species; b – c, C. cliftoni dissections CMP 13 – 35 and 13 – 29; d, C. aurora dissection CMP 13 – 33; e, C. pyritosa dissection CMP 14 – 20. f, characteristic aspect of a mated female; note that the scaling anterior to the sterigma have been lifted by the mating plug." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230847/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
d): note the rectangular sterigma (slightly variable in shape and width between specimens), and the heavily sclerotized post-sterigma indentation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36F6510336FFFB8FF179BF9FB3FFE06" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="551" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BCA369B336FFFB8FF179BF9FB32FEEE" blockId="9.[151,1437,1286,2031]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1436,151,501]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="551" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">
<emphasis id="B901EA89336FFFBBFF179BF9FD19F838" bold="true" box="[199,695,1970,1995]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">
Variation in wing pattern (
<figureCitation id="134E2A1E336FFFBBFDC39BF9FDCEF838" box="[531,608,1970,1995]" captionStart="FIGURE 4. C" captionStartId="10.[151,244,1935,1957]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,555,1883]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,551,1887]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. C. aurora; dorsal view on the left, ventral on the right. Collecting localities and genitalia dissection codes appear below each specimen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230843/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">Figs 4</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="134E2A1E336FFFBBFDA09BF9FD06F838" box="[624,680,1970,1995]" captionStart="FIGURE 5. a – e, C" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1208,1230]" captionTargetBox="[159,1426,198,1159]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,191,1168]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. a – e, C. aurora; f, C. aurorina; g – i, C. pyritosa; dorsal view on the left, ventral on the right. Collecting localities and genitalia dissection codes appear below each specimen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230844/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">5a–e</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
In both males and females HW postmedial and marginal bands shows some variation in width (more pronounced in females), and also the distance between bands. Ocellus below M1 varies in size. Male HW rose scaling varies from being limited to the postmedial area to barely entering the discal cell. We found much geographical variation in the density of scaling and color of the male HW (from pale to vivid rose), which was the basis for the description of subspecies 
<emphasis id="B901EA89336CFFB8FCA79CABFC41FF0B" box="[887,1007,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="551">tambopata</emphasis>
(denser scaling, vivid rose). Note that specimens from Rondônia, 
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336CFFB8FE1B9D4FFDA1FEEE" box="[459,527,260,285]" name="Brazil" pageId="10" pageNumber="551">Brazil</collectingCountry>
also have a vivid rose coloration (compare 
<figureCitation id="134E2A1E336CFFB8FC299D4FFB20FEEE" box="[1017,1166,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 5. a – e, C" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1208,1230]" captionTargetBox="[159,1426,198,1159]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,191,1168]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. a – e, C. aurora; f, C. aurorina; g – i, C. pyritosa; dorsal view on the left, ventral on the right. Collecting localities and genitalia dissection codes appear below each specimen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230844/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="551">Fig. 5a and d</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCA369B336CFFB8FF179D6CFB3FFE06" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,501]" pageId="10" pageNumber="551">
<emphasis id="B901EA89336CFFB8FF179D6CFEFFFEB3" bold="true" box="[199,337,295,320]" pageId="10" pageNumber="551">Subspecies:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C754D18336CFFB8FE8D9D63FCA4FECC" authority="Lamas" authorityName="Lamas" box="[349,778,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cithaerias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="aurora" status="comb. nov." subSpecies="tambopata">
<emphasis id="B901EA89336CFFB8FE8D9D63FD1CFEB3" box="[349,690,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="551">Cithaerias aurora tambopata</emphasis>
Lamas
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23257F2336CFFB8FCCB9D6CFC66FECC" box="[795,968,295,320]" pageId="10" pageNumber="551">
<emphasis id="B901EA89336CFFB8FCCB9D6CFC6FFEB3" bold="true" box="[795,961,295,320]" pageId="10" pageNumber="551">NEW COMB</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
<typeStatus id="54CE8839336CFFB8FC049D6CFB92FEB3" box="[980,1084,295,320]" pageId="10" pageNumber="551" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
is in the Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Universidad Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, 
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336CFFB8FCAC9D06FC01FE97" box="[892,943,333,356]" name="Peru" pageId="10" pageNumber="551">Peru</collectingCountry>
http://www.butterfliesofamerica.com/L/ih/ n_ 
<taxonomicName id="4C754D18336CFFB8FF639D24FE8FFE7B" box="[179,289,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cithaerias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">cithaerias</taxonomicName>
0033_i.htm (last accessed 
<date id="FFCB105B336CFFB8FD839D3BFD58FE7B" box="[595,758,368,392]" pageId="10" pageNumber="551" value="2014-06-22">22 June 2014</date>
). This proposal is justified based on two main sources of evidence: (1) the close similarity of male valva and subscaphium morphology and sclerotization (compare specimens from 
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336CFFB8FE869DFCFE34FE23" box="[342,410,439,464]" name="Brazil" pageId="10" pageNumber="551">Brazil</collectingCountry>
in 
<figureCitation id="134E2A1E336CFFB8FE149DFCFDA9FE23" box="[452,519,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1818,1840]" captionTargetBox="[260,1320,202,1764]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[253,1324,191,1766]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Male genitalia in lateral and ventral views, tegument and uncus in dorsal view, and subscaphium in ventral view. Valva setae shown on one side only. When not clearly visible in the lateral view illustration, the phallus was shown separately. The position of the phallus varies between illustrations, which does not reflect true variation in length. Given that the two parts of the subscaphium (subanal plate and adjacent sclerotized area) rest on the membranous diaphragma, the variation in the shape of the subanal plate includes preparation artifacts (compare c – e which belong to the same species). Scale bar 1 mm for all images. a, C. pireta dissection CMP 13 - 09; b, C. cliftoni dissection LGA 12 - 05; c – e, C. aurora dissections CMP 13 - 16, CMP 13 - 19 and CMP 13 - 18." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230845/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="551">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
c–d to one from 
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336CFFB8FD1D9DF3FCAEFE3C" box="[717,768,440,463]" name="Peru" pageId="10" pageNumber="551">Peru</collectingCountry>
in 
<figureCitation id="134E2A1E336CFFB8FCFA9DFCFCC1FE23" box="[810,879,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1818,1840]" captionTargetBox="[260,1320,202,1764]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[253,1324,191,1766]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Male genitalia in lateral and ventral views, tegument and uncus in dorsal view, and subscaphium in ventral view. Valva setae shown on one side only. When not clearly visible in the lateral view illustration, the phallus was shown separately. The position of the phallus varies between illustrations, which does not reflect true variation in length. Given that the two parts of the subscaphium (subanal plate and adjacent sclerotized area) rest on the membranous diaphragma, the variation in the shape of the subanal plate includes preparation artifacts (compare c – e which belong to the same species). Scale bar 1 mm for all images. a, C. pireta dissection CMP 13 - 09; b, C. cliftoni dissection LGA 12 - 05; c – e, C. aurora dissections CMP 13 - 16, CMP 13 - 19 and CMP 13 - 18." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230845/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="551">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
e), and (2) a regional trend in the broad spacing between HW submarginal and postmedial bands (character (5) in 
<figureCitation id="134E2A1E336CFFB8FCA79D97FC14FE07" box="[887,954,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 4. C" captionStartId="10.[151,244,1935,1957]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,555,1883]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,551,1887]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. C. aurora; dorsal view on the left, ventral on the right. Collecting localities and genitalia dissection codes appear below each specimen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230843/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="551">
Fig. 
<quantity id="4C8D9B7E336CFFB8FC7A9D97FC14FE07" box="[938,954,476,500]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="4.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="551" unit="g" value="4.0">4</quantity>
</figureCitation>
g, see also 
<figureCitation id="134E2A1E336CFFB8FBE39D97FB2BFE06" box="[1075,1157,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 5. a – e, C" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1208,1230]" captionTargetBox="[159,1426,198,1159]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,191,1168]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. a – e, C. aurora; f, C. aurorina; g – i, C. pyritosa; dorsal view on the left, ventral on the right. Collecting localities and genitalia dissection codes appear below each specimen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230844/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="551">Fig. 5a</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF0A6613336CFFB8FF479BC4FE84F832" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230843/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="551" targetBox="[158,1430,555,1883]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="8BCA369B336CFFB8FF479BC4FE84F832" blockId="10.[151,1436,1935,1985]" pageId="10" pageNumber="551">
<emphasis id="B901EA89336CFFB8FF479BC4FEA3F856" bold="true" box="[151,269,1935,1957]" pageId="10" pageNumber="551">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C754D18336CFFB8FEC49BC4FEDCF857" box="[276,370,1935,1956]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cithaerias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurora">
<emphasis id="B901EA89336CFFB8FEC49BC4FEDCF857" box="[276,370,1935,1956]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="551">C. aurora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; dorsal view on the left, ventral on the right. Collecting localities and genitalia dissection codes appear below each specimen.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C36F6510336DFFB9FF179CDCFC12FEEE" pageId="11" pageNumber="552" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BCA369B336DFFB9FF179CDCFC12FEEE" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,1617]" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">
<emphasis id="B901EA89336DFFB9FF179CDCFE95FF43" bold="true" box="[199,315,151,176]" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">Remarks.</emphasis>
The 
<typeStatus id="54CE8839336DFFB9FEA49CD3FE0AFF43" box="[372,420,152,176]" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">type</typeStatus>
specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C754D18336DFFB9FD949CD2FD3CFF43" box="[580,658,153,176]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cithaerias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurora">
<emphasis id="B901EA89336DFFB9FD949CD2FD3CFF43" box="[580,658,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">aurora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C754D18336DFFB9FD179CD2FD52FF43" box="[711,764,153,176]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Callitaera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aura">
<emphasis id="B901EA89336DFFB9FD179CD2FD52FF43" box="[711,764,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">aura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are both faded and nearly identical, and the 
<typeStatus id="54CE8839336DFFB9FB3B9CD3FAB5FF43" box="[1259,1307,152,176]" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">type</typeStatus>
material of 
<taxonomicName id="4C754D18336DFFB9FF479CF7FEA9FF27" box="[151,263,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Callitaera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phantoma">
<emphasis id="B901EA89336DFFB9FF479CF7FEA9FF27" box="[151,263,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">phantoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appears to have been lost (see 
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B6A336DFFB9FDB39CF6FD5EFF27" author="Lamas" box="[611,752,188,212]" pageId="11" pageNumber="552" refString="Lamas, G. (1998) Lista sinonimica de los generos Cithaerias Hubner y Haetera Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae), con la descripcion de dos subespecies nuevas del Peru. Revista peruana de Entomologia, 40, 133 - 138." type="journal article" year="1998">Lamas 1998</bibRefCitation>
). Most specimens recognized here as 
<taxonomicName id="4C754D18336DFFB9FB479CF7FAA8FF27" box="[1175,1286,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cithaerias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurora">
<emphasis id="B901EA89336DFFB9FB479CF7FAA8FF27" box="[1175,1286,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">C. aurora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have a wider distance between male HW submarginal and postmedial bands than the aforementioned 
<typeStatus id="54CE8839336DFFB9FBAC9CABFB14FF0B" box="[1148,1210,224,248]" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">types</typeStatus>
, but a few resemble the pattern of those 
<typeStatus id="54CE8839336DFFB9FEA59D4EFE1AFEEE" box="[373,436,261,285]" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">types</typeStatus>
. See Historical Information for further details.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36F6510336DFFB9FF179D6CFDE2F9A3" pageId="11" pageNumber="552" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BCA369B336DFFB9FF179D6CFDE2F9A3" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,1617]" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">
<emphasis id="B901EA89336DFFB9FF179D6CFCE3FEB3" bold="true" box="[199,845,295,320]" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">
Material examined: 
<taxonomicName id="4C754D18336DFFB9FE6E9D6CFD48FECC" box="[446,742,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cithaerias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="aurora" subSpecies="aurora">
<emphasis id="B901EA89336DFFB9FE6E9D6CFD48FECC" bold="true" box="[446,742,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">Cithaerias aurora aurora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
MALE:
</emphasis>
2M 
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336DFFB9FC569D6CFC63FEB3" box="[902,973,295,320]" name="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, Rondônia, Fazenda Rancho Grande, 
<quantity id="4C8D9B7E336DFFB9FA509D6CFF15FE96" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" pageId="11" pageNumber="552" unit="km" value="62.0">62 km</quantity>
S Ariquemes, 
<date id="FFCB105B336DFFB9FEB19D07FDB9FE97" box="[353,535,332,356]" pageId="11" pageNumber="552" value="1993-08-17">17 August 1993</date>
, dissection CMP 13-19, 
<date id="FFCB105B336DFFB9FCFA9D07FCE8FE97" box="[810,838,332,356]" pageId="11" pageNumber="552" value="1993-10-10">10</date>
October 1993 (UFL); 1M 
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336DFFB9FBA29D07FB17FE96" box="[1138,1209,332,357]" name="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, Rondônia, Fazenda Rancho Grande, 
<quantity id="4C8D9B7E336DFFB9FE8E9D24FE05FE7B" box="[350,427,367,392]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" pageId="11" pageNumber="552" unit="km" value="62.0">62 km</quantity>
S Ariquemes, 
<date id="FFCB105B336DFFB9FDB29D3BFC79FE7B" box="[610,983,367,392]" pageId="11" pageNumber="552" value="1992-09-29" valueMax="1992-10-10" valueMin="1992-09-29">29 September–10 October 1992</date>
(
<collectionCode id="ED64AE5E336DFFB9FC3B9D3BFBECFE7B" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1003,1090,368,392]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">USNM</collectionCode>
); 1M 
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336DFFB9FB5E9D24FB7BFE7B" box="[1166,1237,367,392]" name="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, Rondônia, Jaru, 
<date id="FFCB105B336DFFB9FF479DDFFE85FE5E" box="[151,299,404,429]" pageId="11" pageNumber="552" value="1976-08">August 1976</date>
(UFL); 1F 
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336DFFB9FE699DDFFDAEFE5E" box="[441,512,404,429]" name="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, Amazonas, São Paulo de Olivença, 
<date id="FFCB105B336DFFB9FC659DDFFB27FE5F" box="[949,1161,404,429]" pageId="11" pageNumber="552" value="1971-11-05">5 November 1971</date>
, dissection CMP 13-16 (UFL); 11M 
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336DFFB9FEFA9DFCFEDFFE23" box="[298,369,439,464]" name="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, Amazonas, São Paulo de Olivença, 
<date id="FFCB105B336DFFB9FCC09DFCFC5DFE23" box="[784,1011,439,464]" pageId="11" pageNumber="552" value="1923-01" valueMax="1923-04-31" valueMin="1923-01-00">January–April 1923</date>
, seven dissected by M. Clifton, slides 102, 164, 169, 170, 171, 174, 176 (
<collectionCode id="ED64AE5E336DFFB9FDCD9D97FDD9FE07" box="[541,631,476,500]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/daw7-8h44" name="The Cleveland Museum of Natural History" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">CMNH</collectionCode>
); 1M 
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336DFFB9FD689D97FD51FE06" box="[696,767,476,501]" name="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, Amazonas, São Paulo de Olivença 
<date id="FFCB105B336DFFB9FB429D97FA84FE07" box="[1170,1322,476,501]" pageId="11" pageNumber="552" value="1973-10">October 1973</date>
(
<collectionCode id="ED64AE5E336DFFB9FAE99D97FA3EFE07" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1337,1424,476,500]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">USNM</collectionCode>
); 1M 
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336DFFB9FF159DB4FEA2FDEB" box="[197,268,511,536]" name="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, Amazonas, Tefé, 
<date id="FFCB105B336DFFB9FE0D9E4BFD0AFDEB" box="[477,676,511,536]" pageId="11" pageNumber="552" value="1920-02-20">20 February 1920</date>
and 
<date id="FFCB105B336DFFB9FD0A9E4BFC01FDEB" box="[730,943,511,536]" pageId="11" pageNumber="552" value="1926-12-22">22 December 1926</date>
dissected by M. Clifton, slides 165 and 166 (
<collectionCode id="ED64AE5E336DFFB9FF4F9E6FFF57FDCF" box="[159,249,548,572]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/daw7-8h44" name="The Cleveland Museum of Natural History" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">CMNH</collectionCode>
); 5M 
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336DFFB9FE919E6FFE26FDCE" box="[321,392,548,573]" name="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, Amazonas, Arimã, 
<date id="FFCB105B336DFFB9FDA79E6FFC1AFDCF" box="[631,948,548,573]" pageId="11" pageNumber="552" value="1922-11" valueMax="1922-12-31" valueMin="1922-11-00">November–December 1922</date>
, dissected by M. Clifton, slides 139, 140, 141, 142, 144 (
<collectionCode id="ED64AE5E336DFFB9FEEE9E03FE36FD93" box="[318,408,584,608]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/daw7-8h44" name="The Cleveland Museum of Natural History" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">CMNH</collectionCode>
); 25M 
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336DFFB9FE369E0CFD83FD93" box="[486,557,583,608]" name="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, Amazonas, Nova Olinda, Rio Purus, 
<date id="FFCB105B336DFFB9FC049E0CFB28FD93" box="[980,1158,583,608]" pageId="11" pageNumber="552" value="1922-05" valueMax="1922-07-31" valueMin="1922-05-00">May–July 1922</date>
, dissected by M. Clifton, slides 101, 103, 104, 105, 136, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 166, 167, 168, 175 (
<collectionCode id="ED64AE5E336DFFB9FEDD9EDBFEC9FD5B" box="[269,359,656,680]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/daw7-8h44" name="The Cleveland Museum of Natural History" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">CMNH</collectionCode>
); 1M 
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336DFFB9FE7E9EC4FDB1FD5B" box="[430,543,655,680]" name="Colombia" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, Amazonas, Rio Loreto Yacu 8 
<date id="FFCB105B336DFFB9FC479EC4FB20FD5B" box="[919,1166,655,680]" pageId="11" pageNumber="552" value="1981-07-16" valueMax="1981-08-16" valueMin="1981-07-16">July–August 16 1981</date>
, dissection CMP 14-07 (
<collectionCode id="ED64AE5E336DFFB9FF4F9EFFFF59FD3F" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" box="[159,247,692,716]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">LACM</collectionCode>
); 1M 
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336DFFB9FEEC9EFEFEDCFD3F" box="[316,370,693,716]" name="Peru" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">Peru</collectingCountry>
, Tingo Maria, 
<date id="FFCB105B336DFFB9FDCF9EFFFD02FD3F" box="[543,684,692,717]" pageId="11" pageNumber="552" value="1981-03">March 1981</date>
, dissection CMP 13-14 (UFL); 1M 
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336DFFB9FB9D9EFEFB2DFD3F" box="[1101,1155,693,716]" name="Peru" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">Peru</collectingCountry>
, Huanuco, Tingo Maria, Leonces Prado, 
<date id="FFCB105B336DFFB9FE9E9E93FE45FD03" box="[334,491,728,752]" pageId="11" pageNumber="552" value="1982-06-23">23 June 1982</date>
, dissection CMP 13-24 (UFL); 1M 
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336DFFB9FC589E93FC10FD1C" box="[904,958,728,751]" name="Peru" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">Peru</collectingCountry>
, Tingo Maria, 
<date id="FFCB105B336DFFB9FBBA9E93FA86FD03" box="[1130,1320,728,752]" pageId="11" pageNumber="552" value="1972-01-28">28 January 1972</date>
(
<collectionCode id="ED64AE5E336DFFB9FAE99E93FA3EFD03" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1337,1424,728,752]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">USNM</collectionCode>
); 6M 
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336DFFB9FF169EB6FF52FCE7" box="[198,252,765,788]" name="Peru" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">Peru</collectingCountry>
, Junin, Satipo, 
<date id="FFCB105B336DFFB9FE7A9EB7FDE6FCE7" box="[426,584,764,789]" pageId="11" pageNumber="552" value="1947-10">October 1947</date>
, dissection CMP 2M 
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336DFFB9FCEE9EB6FCDAFCE7" box="[830,884,765,788]" name="Peru" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">Peru</collectingCountry>
, Junin, Satipo, 
<date id="FFCB105B336DFFB9FBF39EB6FA87FCE7" box="[1059,1321,764,789]" pageId="11" pageNumber="552" value="1983-05" valueMax="1983-10-31" valueMin="1983-05-00">May and October 1983</date>
(
<collectionCode id="ED64AE5E336DFFB9FAE99EB7FA3EFCE7" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1337,1424,764,788]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">USNM</collectionCode>
); 14–17 and M. Clifton slides 112, 113 (
<collectionCode id="ED64AE5E336DFFB9FD899F6BFD1DFCCB" box="[601,691,800,824]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/daw7-8h44" name="The Cleveland Museum of Natural History" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">CMNH</collectionCode>
); 3M 
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336DFFB9FD299F6BFC81FCC4" box="[761,815,800,823]" name="Peru" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">Peru</collectingCountry>
, Sani Benj (sic) 
<quantity id="4C8D9B7E336DFFB9FC229F6BFB92FCC4" box="[1010,1084,800,824]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.4" pageId="11" pageNumber="552" unit="m" value="840.0">840 m</quantity>
<date id="FFCB105B336DFFB9FB959F54FB51FCCB" box="[1093,1279,799,824]" pageId="11" pageNumber="552" value="1935-08-25">25 August 1935</date>
, 
<date id="FFCB105B336DFFB9FADD9F54FF7CFCAE" pageId="11" pageNumber="552" value="1935-09-06">6 September 1935</date>
, 
<date id="FFCB105B336DFFB9FF309F0FFE35FCAE" box="[224,411,836,861]" pageId="11" pageNumber="552" value="1935-08-31">31 August 1935</date>
dissected by M. Clifton, slide 221 (
<collectionCode id="ED64AE5E336DFFB9FC959F0FFC0EFCAF" box="[837,928,836,860]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/daw7-8h44" name="The Cleveland Museum of Natural History" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">CMNH</collectionCode>
); 
<emphasis id="B901EA89336DFFB9FC669F0FFB99FCAE" bold="true" box="[950,1079,836,861]" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">FEMALE:</emphasis>
2F 
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336DFFB9FBBA9F0FFB1FFCAE" box="[1130,1201,836,861]" name="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, Rondônia, Fazenda Rancho Grande, 
<quantity id="4C8D9B7E336DFFB9FE869F2CFE30FC73" box="[342,414,871,896]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" pageId="11" pageNumber="552" unit="km" value="62.0">62 km</quantity>
S Ariquemes, 
<date id="FFCB105B336DFFB9FD979F2CFD5FFC73" box="[583,753,871,896]" pageId="11" pageNumber="552" value="1992-08-06">6 August 1992</date>
, dissection CMP 13–33, 
<date id="FFCB105B336DFFB9FBDD9F23FB87FC73" box="[1037,1065,872,896]" pageId="11" pageNumber="552" value="1993-08-17">17</date>
August 1993 (UFL); 1M 
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336DFFB9FA819F2CFA36FC73" box="[1361,1432,871,896]" name="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, Rondônia, vic. Caucalandia, 
<date id="FFCB105B336DFFB9FE379FC7FD05FC57" box="[487,683,908,933]" pageId="11" pageNumber="552" value="1991-10-14">14 October 1991</date>
(
<collectionCode id="ED64AE5E336DFFB9FD6E9FC7FCBBFC57" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[702,789,908,932]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">USNM</collectionCode>
); 1F 
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336DFFB9FC869FC7FC33FC56" box="[854,925,908,933]" name="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, Rondônia, Jaru, 
<date id="FFCB105B336DFFB9FBBC9FC7FAB7FC56" box="[1132,1305,908,933]" pageId="11" pageNumber="552" value="1976-08-06">6 August 1976</date>
(UFL); 1F 
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336DFFB9FF479FE4FF70FC3B" box="[151,222,943,968]" name="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, Amazonas, São Paulo de Olivença, 
<date id="FFCB105B336DFFB9FD419FE4FC8EFC3B" box="[657,800,943,968]" pageId="11" pageNumber="552" value="1972-06-05">5 June 1972</date>
(UFL); 4F 
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336DFFB9FC7D9FE4FC5AFC3B" box="[941,1012,943,968]" name="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, Amazonas, São Paulo de Olivença, 
<date id="FFCB105B336DFFB9FF479F9FFE26FC1F" box="[151,392,980,1005]" pageId="11" pageNumber="552" value="1923-01" valueMax="1923-03-31" valueMin="1923-01-00">January–March 1923</date>
(
<collectionCode id="ED64AE5E336DFFB9FE4C9F9FFE59FC1F" box="[412,503,980,1004]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/daw7-8h44" name="The Cleveland Museum of Natural History" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">CMNH</collectionCode>
); 1F 
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336DFFB9FDE79F9FFDD0FC1E" box="[567,638,980,1005]" name="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, Amazonas, São Paulo de Olivença 
<date id="FFCB105B336DFFB9FBFE9F9EFB0BFC1E" box="[1070,1189,980,1005]" pageId="11" pageNumber="552" value="1964-06">June 1964</date>
(
<collectionCode id="ED64AE5E336DFFB9FB699F9FFABEFC1F" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1209,1296,980,1004]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">USNM</collectionCode>
); 1F 
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336DFFB9FA819F9FFA36FC1E" box="[1361,1432,980,1005]" name="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, Amazonas, Arimã, 
<date id="FFCB105B336DFFB9FEA99FBCFD9CFBE3" box="[377,562,1015,1040]" pageId="11" pageNumber="552" value="1922-11">November 1922</date>
(
<collectionCode id="ED64AE5E336DFFB9FD959FB3FD31FBE3" box="[581,671,1016,1040]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/daw7-8h44" name="The Cleveland Museum of Natural History" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">CMNH</collectionCode>
); 7F 
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336DFFB9FD0F9FBCFC88FBE3" box="[735,806,1015,1040]" name="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, Amazonas, Nova Olinda, Rio Purus, 
<date id="FFCB105B336DFFB9FB399FBCFA32FBE3" box="[1257,1436,1015,1040]" pageId="11" pageNumber="552" value="1922-05" valueMax="1922-07-31" valueMin="1922-05-00">May–July 1922</date>
(
<collectionCode id="ED64AE5E336DFFB9FF4F9857FF57FBC7" box="[159,249,1052,1076]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/daw7-8h44" name="The Cleveland Museum of Natural History" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">CMNH</collectionCode>
); 1F 
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336DFFB9FEEE9857FE2BFBC6" box="[318,389,1052,1077]" name="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, Amazonas, Manacapuru 
<date id="FFCB105B336DFFB9FD6B9857FC81FBC7" box="[699,815,1052,1077]" pageId="11" pageNumber="552" value="1923-07">July 1923</date>
(
<collectionCode id="ED64AE5E336DFFB9FC959857FC31FBC7" box="[837,927,1052,1076]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/daw7-8h44" name="The Cleveland Museum of Natural History" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">CMNH</collectionCode>
); 1F 
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336DFFB9FC349857FBFBFBC6" box="[996,1109,1052,1077]" name="Colombia" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, Amazonas 
<date id="FFCB105B336DFFB9FB3B9857FA36FBC6" box="[1259,1432,1052,1077]" pageId="11" pageNumber="552" value="1986-04-13">13 April 1986</date>
, dissection CMP 14-08 (
<collectionCode id="ED64AE5E336DFFB9FE7C980BFDADFBAB" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" box="[428,515,1088,1112]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">LACM</collectionCode>
); 1F 
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336DFFB9FD939874FD0DFBAB" box="[579,675,1087,1112]" name="Ecuador" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
, Mera 
<date id="FFCB105B336DFFB9FD299874FC78FBAB" box="[761,982,1087,1112]" pageId="11" pageNumber="552" value="1956-12-15">15 December 1956</date>
(likely mislabeled) (
<collectionCode id="ED64AE5E336DFFB9FB1B980BFA8DFBAB" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" box="[1227,1315,1088,1112]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">LACM</collectionCode>
); 1F 
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336DFFB9FAB2980BFA36FBA4" box="[1378,1432,1088,1111]" name="Peru" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">Peru</collectingCountry>
, Pucallpa, 
<date id="FFCB105B336DFFB9FED7982FFE0DFB8E" box="[263,419,1124,1149]" pageId="11" pageNumber="552" value="1960-05-19">19 May 1960</date>
, dissection CMP 14–21 (
<collectionCode id="ED64AE5E336DFFB9FD13982FFCB4FB8F" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[707,794,1124,1148]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">USNM</collectionCode>
); 2F 
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336DFFB9FC86982EFC22FB8F" box="[854,908,1125,1148]" name="Peru" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">Peru</collectingCountry>
, Junin, Satipo no date, dissection CMP 14–18 and M. Clifton slide 214 (
<collectionCode id="ED64AE5E336DFFB9FE6798C3FDBFFB53" box="[439,529,1160,1184]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/daw7-8h44" name="The Cleveland Museum of Natural History" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">CMNH</collectionCode>
); 2F 
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336DFFB9FD9998C2FDD1FB53" box="[585,639,1161,1184]" name="Peru" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">Peru</collectingCountry>
, Junin, Satipo, 
<date id="FFCB105B336DFFB9FCFA98CCFC68FB53" box="[810,966,1159,1184]" pageId="11" pageNumber="552" value="1983-10">October 1983</date>
, and no date (
<collectionCode id="ED64AE5E336DFFB9FBB098C3FB19FB53" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1120,1207,1160,1184]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">USNM</collectionCode>
); 1F 
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336DFFB9FB3F98C2FA8BFB53" box="[1263,1317,1161,1184]" name="Peru" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">Peru</collectingCountry>
, Huanuco, Tingo Maria, Leonces Prado, 
<date id="FFCB105B336DFFB9FE2198E7FD22FB37" box="[497,652,1196,1220]" pageId="11" pageNumber="552" value="1982-06-23">23 June 1982</date>
(UFL); 1F 
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336DFFB9FCC698E6FCE2FB37" box="[790,844,1197,1220]" name="Peru" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">Peru</collectingCountry>
, Huanuco, Tingo Maria, 
<date id="FFCB105B336DFFB9FBA198E6FAB3FB37" box="[1137,1309,1196,1220]" pageId="11" pageNumber="552" value="1979-08-07">7 August 1979</date>
, dissection CMP 13–40 (UFL). 
<emphasis id="B901EA89336DFFB9FEAC9884FC9EFB1B" bold="true" box="[380,816,1231,1256]" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">
<taxonomicName id="4C754D18336DFFB9FEAC9884FD65FB1B" box="[380,715,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cithaerias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="aurora" subSpecies="tambopata">
<emphasis id="B901EA89336DFFB9FEAC9884FD65FB1B" bold="true" box="[380,715,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">Cithaerias aurora tambopata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
MALE:
</emphasis>
1M 
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336DFFB9FCB5989AFC35FB1B" box="[869,923,1233,1256]" name="Peru" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">Peru</collectingCountry>
, Cuzco, Kosnipata, 
<quantity id="4C8D9B7E336DFFB9FBAD9884FB18FB1B" box="[1149,1206,1231,1256]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="552" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
N Picopata 
<quantity id="4C8D9B7E336DFFB9FA90989BFA39FB1B" box="[1344,1431,1232,1256]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="552" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="FFCB105B336DFFB9FF4798BFFEDBFAFF" box="[151,373,1268,1293]" pageId="11" pageNumber="552" value="1989-11-12">12 November 1989</date>
, dissection CMP 13–18 (UFL); 1M 
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336DFFB9FCC298BEFCE6FAFF" box="[786,840,1269,1292]" name="Peru" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">Peru</collectingCountry>
, Madre de Dios, Cerro Pantiacolla, Shintuya 
<quantity id="4C8D9B7E336DFFB9FA9D98BFFA39FAFF" box="[1357,1431,1268,1293]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="11" pageNumber="552" unit="m" value="460.0">460 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="FFCB105B336DFFB9FF47995CFE96FAC3" box="[151,312,1303,1328]" pageId="11" pageNumber="552" value="1980-07-15">15 July 1980</date>
, dissection CMP 13–25 (UFL); 1M 
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336DFFB9FD259952FC85FAC3" box="[757,811,1305,1328]" name="Peru" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">Peru</collectingCountry>
, Tambopata 
<date id="FFCB105B336DFFB9FC199953FBC2FAC3" box="[969,1132,1303,1328]" pageId="11" pageNumber="552" value="1985-06-18">18 June 1985</date>
(UFL); 7M 
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336DFFB9FADB9952FAEFFAC3" box="[1291,1345,1305,1328]" name="Peru" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">Peru</collectingCountry>
, Puerto Maldonado, various dates in 
<date id="FFCB105B336DFFB9FE399977FD38FAA6" box="[489,662,1340,1365]" pageId="11" pageNumber="552" value="2004" valueMax="2005">2004 and 2005</date>
plus 
<date id="FFCB105B336DFFB9FD099977FC2EFAA6" box="[729,896,1340,1365]" pageId="11" pageNumber="552" value="2005-04-25">25 April 2005</date>
, dissection CMP 13– 
<date id="FFCB105B336DFFB9FBA89977FB3BFAA7" box="[1144,1173,1340,1364]" pageId="11" pageNumber="552" value="2004-10-20" valueMax="2004-10-13" valueMin="2004-10-20">20</date>
and 13 October 2004, dissection CMP 13–27 (PJD); 3M 
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336DFFB9FDCE992AFDFAFA8B" box="[542,596,1377,1400]" name="Peru" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">Peru</collectingCountry>
, Madre de Dios, Manu, Pakitza, 22, 26, 
<date id="FFCB105B336DFFB9FBCB992BFB17FA8B" box="[1051,1209,1375,1400]" pageId="11" pageNumber="552" value="1991-04-28">28 April 1991</date>
(
<collectionCode id="ED64AE5E336DFFB9FB18992BFAB1FA8B" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1224,1311,1376,1400]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">USNM</collectionCode>
); 1M 
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336DFFB9FAB2992AFA36FA8B" box="[1378,1432,1377,1400]" name="Peru" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">Peru</collectingCountry>
, Rio Madre de Dios 
<date id="FFCB105B336DFFB9FEA699CFFDA3FA6E" box="[374,525,1412,1437]" pageId="11" pageNumber="552" value="1975-05-10">10 May 1975</date>
(
<collectionCode id="ED64AE5E336DFFB9FDCC99CFFDD8FA6F" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[540,630,1412,1436]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">USNM</collectionCode>
);. 
<emphasis id="B901EA89336DFFB9FD5E99CFFCBEFA6E" bold="true" box="[654,784,1412,1437]" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">FEMALE:</emphasis>
1F 
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336DFFB9FCEC99CEFCDCFA6F" box="[828,882,1413,1436]" name="Peru" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">Peru</collectingCountry>
, Madre de Dios, Cerro Pantiacolla, Shintuya 
<quantity id="4C8D9B7E336DFFB9FAA299CFFF01FA33" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="11" pageNumber="552" unit="m" value="460.0">460 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="FFCB105B336DFFB9FF6A99ECFEFFFA33" box="[186,337,1447,1472]" pageId="11" pageNumber="552" value="1980-06-25">25 June 1980</date>
, dissection CMP 13–34 (UFL); 1F 
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336DFFB9FD0999E2FCA1FA33" box="[729,783,1449,1472]" name="Peru" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">Peru</collectingCountry>
, Puerto Maldonado, Tambopata Reserve, 
<date id="FFCB105B336DFFB9FB3199E3FA32FA33" box="[1249,1436,1447,1472]" pageId="11" pageNumber="552" value="1983-10-22">22 October 1983</date>
(UFL); 4F 
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336DFFB9FEC59986FEE5FA17" box="[277,331,1485,1508]" name="Peru" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">Peru</collectingCountry>
, Puerto Maldonado, various dates in 
<date id="FFCB105B336DFFB9FD259987FC31FA16" box="[757,927,1484,1509]" pageId="11" pageNumber="552" value="2004" valueMax="2005">2004 and 2005</date>
plus 
<date id="FFCB105B336DFFB9FC0F9987FB38FA16" box="[991,1174,1484,1509]" pageId="11" pageNumber="552" value="2005-08-13">13 August 2005</date>
dissection CMP 14-02 (PJD). 1F 
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336DFFB9FEDD99BAFEEDF9FB" box="[269,323,1521,1544]" name="Peru" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">Peru</collectingCountry>
, Cuzco, Pompawaxo (sic) 
<quantity id="4C8D9B7E336DFFB9FDA299BBFD64F9FB" box="[626,714,1520,1544]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="552" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="FFCB105B336DFFB9FD0799A4FCFCF9FB" box="[727,850,1519,1544]" pageId="11" pageNumber="552" value="1997-04">April 1997</date>
(UFL); 1F 
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336DFFB9FC0799BAFBA3F9FB" box="[983,1037,1521,1544]" name="Peru" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">Peru</collectingCountry>
, Madre de Dios, Cerro Pantiacolla, Shintuya 
<quantity id="4C8D9B7E336DFFB9FED19A5FFEE4F9DF" box="[257,330,1556,1581]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="11" pageNumber="552" unit="m" value="460.0">460 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="FFCB105B336DFFB9FE869A5FFE48F9DF" box="[342,486,1556,1581]" pageId="11" pageNumber="552" value="1980-07-20">20 July 1980</date>
(UFL); 1F 
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336DFFB9FDB89A5EFD30F9DF" box="[616,670,1557,1580]" name="Peru" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">Peru</collectingCountry>
, Madre de Dios, Manu, Pakitza, 
<date id="FFCB105B336DFFB9FBDD9A5FFB3BF9DF" box="[1037,1173,1556,1581]" pageId="11" pageNumber="552" value="1991-05-04">4 May 1991</date>
(
<collectionCode id="ED64AE5E336DFFB9FB749A5FFB55F9DF" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1188,1275,1556,1580]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">USNM</collectionCode>
); 1F 
<collectingCountry id="F362760B336DFFB9FAE39A5EFAC7F9DF" box="[1331,1385,1557,1580]" name="Peru" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">Peru</collectingCountry>
, Rio Madre de Dios 
<date id="FFCB105B336DFFB9FE949A7CFE74F9A3" box="[324,474,1591,1617]" pageId="11" pageNumber="552" value="1975-05-16">16 May 1975</date>
(
<collectionCode id="ED64AE5E336DFFB9FE389A73FD91F9A3" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[488,575,1592,1616]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="11" pageNumber="552">USNM</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>