163 lines
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163 lines
14 KiB
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.805.24834" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c6d57f42-5e7f-4ed9-af54-c273d3c4021c" ID-PMC="PMC6299058" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-805-1" ID-PubMed="30584390" ID-ZBK="888EA04C6C61479DA13496125528D032" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1313-2970-805-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 805" ModsDocTitle="Three new “caecate” earthworm species from Sulawesi, Indonesia (Oligochaeta, Megascolecidae)" checkinTime="1545315509439" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Fahri, Fahri, Amaliah, Rizki, Suryobroto, Bambang, Atmowidi, Tri & Anh D. Nguyen," docDate="2018" docId="8A87F4C4081AE47DCFCA1DC069AAC4A8" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 805: 1-14" docOrigin="ZooKeys 805" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.805.24834" docTitle="Metaphire rusydii Fahri, Amaliah & Nguyen, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="CB4326F8-A15E-46DA-8F37-D8DE58E828D0" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="9" masterDocId="FFE0B86FAD524F63FFFAFF81F906FFB7" masterDocTitle="Three new " caecate " earthworm species from Sulawesi, Indonesia (Oligochaeta, Megascolecidae)" masterLastPageNumber="14" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="7" updateTime="1668166567207" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Three new " caecate " earthworm species from Sulawesi, Indonesia (Oligochaeta, Megascolecidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Fahri, Fahri</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Amaliah, Rizki</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Suryobroto, Bambang</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Atmowidi, Tri</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Anh D. Nguyen,</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>805</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>14</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.805.24834</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.805.24834</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-805-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">888EA04C6C61479DA13496125528D032</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">888EA04C6C61479DA13496125528D032</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="154127373" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CB4326F8-A15E-46DA-8F37-D8DE58E828D0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8A87F4C4081AE47DCFCA1DC069AAC4A8" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/CB4326F8-A15E-46DA-8F37-D8DE58E828D0" authority="Fahri, Amaliah & Nguyen" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Metaphire rusydii" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="rusydii">Metaphire rusydii Fahri, Amaliah & Nguyen</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="6" pageNumber="7">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Fig. 4
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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Holotype. 1 mature (MZB Oli. 066), hiking trail No.1 (
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-1.4217888">01°25'18.44"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="119.9167">119°55'00.14"E</geoCoordinate>
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), elevation of 1,120 m a.s.l., 25 November 2017, natural forest of Mt. Torompupu (Quarlesi Mountain), Salua village, Kulawi sub-district, Sigi district, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, coll. Anna J Holmquest, F Fahri. Paratypes. 1 mature (UNTAD Oli. 011), hiking trail No.2 (
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-1.4215388">01°25'17.54"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="119.89816">119°53'53.4"E</geoCoordinate>
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), elevation 1,360 m a.s.l., 24 November 2017, same data as for holotype, coll. Jackie Childers & S Sarino.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Large size, length 250-280 mm, diameter 12-16 mm, segments 117-119; purplish blue on dorsum, and paler on ventrum. Prostomium 1/3 epilobous. First dorsal pore in 11/12. Setae 36-51 in v, 45-54 in vii, 41-59 in viii and 43-51 in xxv, and no setae between male porophores in xviii. Male pores located in xviii, within copulatory pouches. Genital markings present only in the male region. Spermathecal pores lateroventrally paired in 7/8/9. Holandric. Intestinal caeca complex or lobed mesially.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">The species is named after Dr H M Rusydi Hasanuddin, Dean of Faculty of Sciences at Tadulako University, for his kind support to the authors for this research.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="8" start="start">Description</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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External characters. Body generally cylindrical. Large size, length 250-280 mm, diameter 12-16 mm at x and 13-15 mm at xx, segments 117-119. Purplish blue on dorsum through the lateral region, clitellum purplish brown on dorsum through the lateral region and paler on ventrum, especially for living specimens (Fig. 4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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). After fixation, color grayish blue on dorsum and yellowish white on ventrum.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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Figure 4.
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Metaphire rusydii" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="rusydii">Metaphire rusydii</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., holotype. A Living specimen (dorsal view); B Living specimen (ventral view of male pore region); C Preserved specimen (dorsal view); D Spermathecal pore; E Spermathecae, right side on intrasegmental 7/8/9 (am = ampulla; dv = diverticulum); F Prostate gland; G Male pore region (cp = opening copulatory pouch); H Intestinal caecum. Scale bars: 50 mm (A), 1 mm (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="C–H">C-H</normalizedToken>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="9" start="start">Prostomium</pageBreakToken>
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1/3 epilobous. First dorsal pore in 11/12. Setae regularly distributed around segmental equators, 36-51 in v, 45-54 in vii, 41-59 in viii and 43-51 in xxv, no setae between male porophores in xviii; setae distance aa=ab, zz=1-1.2zy. Clitellum annular, within
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<normalizedToken originalValue="xiv–xvi">xiv-xvi</normalizedToken>
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, smooth without setae and dorsal pores. Female pore single, mid-ventral in xiv.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Spermathecal pores obviously visible, horizontally elongated, jagged, or small, ventrally paired in 7/8/9 (Fig. 4D). Ventral distance between spermathecal pores 0.04x body circumference, and horizontal length of pores ca. 2-3 mm.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Male pores deeply located inside copulatory pouches in the setal ring of xviii. The openings of copulatory pouches horizontally elongated, with swollen edges; ventral distance between male porophores 0.02x body circumference (Fig. 4G). Three pairs of small, rounded genital markings including two in front of the setal rings of xvii and xx, and one medially located in the setal ring of xix (Fig. 4G). Ventral distance between genital markings in xvii and xx about 0.07x body circumference, and less than 0.01x body circumference in xix.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Internal characters. Septa 3/4/5/6/7/8 and 10/11/12/13 thick, 8/9 membranous and 9/10 absent. Gizzard in viii. Last hearts in xiii. Intestine beginning in xv; caeca laterally paired, complex or lobed mesially, originating at xxvii, then extending anteriorly to xxii (Fig. 4H). Pharyngeal micronephridia developed on anterior faces of 5/6/7. Lymph glands not seen. Typhlosole simple, poorly developed.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Spermathecae paired in viii and ix. Spermathecal ampulla large, oval shaped; ducts stout and short, 1/5 as long as ampulla. Diverticulum cylindrical, much shorter than ampulla, attached to ducts; distal part enlarged to a rounded seminal chamber (Fig. 4E). No nephridia on spermathecal ducts. No accessory glands in the spermathecal region.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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Holandric. Testes sacs paired in
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<normalizedToken originalValue="x–xi">x-xi</normalizedToken>
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, large, separated, ventral, yellowish. The copulatory pouches hidden inside body wall. Seminal vesicles in
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<normalizedToken originalValue="xi–xii">xi-xii</normalizedToken>
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. Ovaries paired on xiii, oviduct and ovisac developing in xiii. Prostate glands racemose, paired in
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<normalizedToken originalValue="xvii–xix">xvii-xix</normalizedToken>
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(Fig. 4F). Prostatic duct
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<normalizedToken originalValue="U–shaped">U-shaped</normalizedToken>
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, invisible from dorsal view since being hidden under prostate glands. No accessory glands.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="habitat">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Habitat and ecology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Specimens were collected in Mt. Torompupu (Quarlessi Mountain), natural forest at 1,120 m a.s.l. and 1,360 m a.s.l. This species was found on soil surface in piles of leaf litter after rains. According to local hunters in Mt. Torompupu, the species can be mostly found after rains and usually observed on old trails in the forest. We did not find this species at an altitude of less than 1,000 m a.s.l.; presumably, the species may be distributed in an altitude of more than 1,000 m a.s.l.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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The new species,
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Metaphire rusydii" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="rusydii">Metaphire rusydii</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., belongs to the
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P schmardae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species" species="schmardae">schmardae</taxonomicName>
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-group, which is characterized by two thecal segments, holandry, and having structure multiple/complex of intestinal caeca (
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<bibRefCitation author="Sims, RW" journalOrPublisher="Biological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="169 - 268" title="A numerical revision of the earthworm genus Pheretima auct. (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) with the recognition of new genera and an appendix on the earthworms collected by the Royal Society North Borneo Expedition." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1972.tb00694.x" volume="4" year="1972">Sims and Easton 1972</bibRefCitation>
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). This new species is fairly similar to
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<taxonomicName lsidName="M. schmardae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species" species="schmardae">M. schmardae</taxonomicName>
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(Horst, 1883) by having spermathecal pores in 7/8/9, holandry, and complex intestinal caeca in xxvii. However, they are different in number of setae between male porophores (0 vs. 12-14 setae).
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<taxonomicName lsidName="M. rusydii" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species" species="rusydii">M. rusydii</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. is also similar to
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<taxonomicName lsidName="M. xuanlocensis" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species" species="xuanlocensis">M. xuanlocensis</taxonomicName>
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(Nguyen & Lam, 2017) by having first spermathecal pore in 7/8 and first dorsal pore in 11/12. However,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="M. xuanlocensis" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species" species="xuanlocensis">M. xuanlocensis</taxonomicName>
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has only one pair of spermathecal
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<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="10" start="start">pores</pageBreakToken>
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(in 7/8) whereas
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<taxonomicName lsidName="M. rusydii" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species" species="rusydii">M. rusydii</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. has two pairs of spermathecal pores in 7/8/9. This new species is somewhat similar to
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Metaphire isselii" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="isselii">Metaphire isselii</taxonomicName>
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(Cognetti, 1908) by having small male pores and holandry. However, they are different in the position of male pores (xviii vs. xix), spermathecal pores (7/8/9 vs. 6/7-8/9) and first dorsal pore (11/12 vs. 12/13).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document>
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