treatments-xml/data/19/57/5B/19575B6276250C5AFF4A89BEBE3FA21E.xml

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<mods:title id="D33076B491025D536C33F74E9952EFBB">Species of Entoloma (Entolomataceae) with cuboidal basidiospores from Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1F1C71E7CBF7E21FED47D01D4EA8BC04">Bergemann, Sarah E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BACE741F178580CB39C98733F0D4F841">Gates, Genevieve</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="015C9B66F0EE5D70EA2DA57BB0D0050E">Ratkowsky, David</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EFD239F8EEAC094969C2AE81C936BE4D">Cunha, Kelmer Martins</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8889FBD0AE3B13E8339E98DFF545D873">MIND. Funga / MICOLAB, Botany Department, Santa Catarina Federal University, 88040 - 900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil. * Correspondence to: fernanda. karstedt @ gmail. com fernanda. karstedt @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 2140 - 9916 sarah. bergemann @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7875 - 2040 ggggates @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9561 - 7788 d. ratkowsky @ utas. edu. au; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7514 - 3570 kelmermartinscunha @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0545 - 5966 mcapelariibot @ yahoo. com; https: // orcid. org / 0009 - 0001 - 0737 - 3681</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="48C3E437ED25E85D95108FFA8A7B519F">Capelari, Marina</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName id="56FE91F776250C5AFF4A89BEBD11A7B2" authority="Karstedt &amp; Capelari" authorityName="Karstedt &amp; Capelari" box="[136,595,698,725]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="paulense" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="A38A366676250C5AFF4A89BEBE2AA7B3" bold="true" box="[136,360,698,725]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Entoloma paulense</emphasis>
Karstedt &amp; Capelari
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, 
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="B8B98B1D76250C5AFD9C89BFBDF1A7B2" box="[606,691,699,724]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation id="09C5F6F176250C5AFF4A89DABFA6A79F" box="[136,228,734,761]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="54.[136,229,1449,1471]" captionTargetBox="[165,1433,193,1413]" captionTargetId="figure-22@54.[150,1434,189,1422]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="FIGURE 25. Entoloma paulense (FK1151): a. basidiospores; b. basidia; c. cheilocystidia; d. pseudocystidia; e. pileipellis. Scales: a–d: 10 µm, e: 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217115" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217115/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Figs. 25</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="09C5F6F176250C5AFF3289DABE74A79E" box="[240,310,734,760]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="67.[136,229,2023,2045]" captionTargetBox="[278,1309,616,1988]" captionTargetId="figure-147@67.[269,1318,607,1997]" captionTargetPageId="67" captionText="FIGURE 36. Basidiomas: a–c. Entoloma smurfetti: a. FK1709; b. FK1717; c. FK1741; d–f. E. manausense: d. FK2066; e. FK2083; f. ACM500; g–h. E. paulense: g. FK0821; h. FK1151. Photos: a–e, g–h: F. Karstedt; f: A.C. Magnago. Scale: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217137" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217137/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
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–h
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Etymology:— 
<emphasis id="A38A366676250C5AFED3884ABE2BA605" box="[273,361,846,867]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Paulense</emphasis>
refers to the species being found in the city of 
<collectingRegion id="533A249676250C5AFCEF884ABCD3A602" box="[813,913,846,868]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
.
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Diagnosis:— 
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<emphasis id="A38A366676250C5AFEC58876BE82A6E1" box="[263,448,882,903]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Entoloma paulense</emphasis>
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is characterized by the combination of its blue basidiome, entirely sky blue when young, that when old or injured becomes olive-green, by cuboidal basidiospores or even a few basidiospores with one side very reduced or with two faces joined in an angle of 180 º that resembles a prism (
<figureCitation id="09C5F6F176250C5AFD5E88BEBDBCA6B6" box="[668,766,954,976]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="29.[136,229,1819,1841]" captionTargetBox="[282,1303,326,1787]" captionTargetId="figure-79@29.[273,1312,317,1791]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 10. Microphotography of basidiospores in electron microscopy: a–c. Entoloma acutipallidum (11RMT078); d–f. E. amazonicum (FK1815); g–i. E. arenicola (FK1811); j–m. E. capes (FK2096), n–p. E. caxiuanense (FK1871). Scale: 5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217085" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217085/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 10c–f</figureCitation>
of 
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), by clavate, broadly clavate, ventricose or irregular cheilocystidia (
<figureCitation id="09C5F6F176250C5AFE6588DABEB8A692" box="[423,506,990,1012]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="54.[136,229,1449,1471]" captionTargetBox="[165,1433,193,1413]" captionTargetId="figure-22@54.[150,1434,189,1422]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="FIGURE 25. Entoloma paulense (FK1151): a. basidiospores; b. basidia; c. cheilocystidia; d. pseudocystidia; e. pileipellis. Scales: a–d: 10 µm, e: 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217115" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217115/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 25d</figureCitation>
, recorded here with a more variable 
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F776250C5AFC9788DABCF0A692" box="[853,946,990,1012]" form="than" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" rank="form">form than</taxonomicName>
in 
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), for the pseudocystidia that are present (
<figureCitation id="09C5F6F176250C5AFE9F8F06BEECA17E" box="[349,430,1026,1048]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="54.[136,229,1449,1471]" captionTargetBox="[165,1433,193,1413]" captionTargetId="figure-22@54.[150,1434,189,1422]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="FIGURE 25. Entoloma paulense (FK1151): a. basidiospores; b. basidia; c. cheilocystidia; d. pseudocystidia; e. pileipellis. Scales: a–d: 10 µm, e: 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217115" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217115/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 25c</figureCitation>
) and for their pigmented refractive hyphae.
</paragraph>
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:— 
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. 
<collectingRegion id="533A249676250C5AFEFB8F22BEDEA15A" box="[313,412,1062,1084]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
: 
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, 
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, near the 
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building, 
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, 
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<collectorName id="3C0B8FA276250C5AFA588F23BE52A139" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">F. Karstedt</collectorName>
FK1151
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(
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, SP; 
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, K)
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.
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Description:—The morphological description of this species appears in 
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, as 
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<emphasis id="A38A366676250C5AFAE08F8ABFADA1AA" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Inocephalus virescens</emphasis>
(Sacc.) 
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</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9141EA7476250C5AFF7F8FD2BA23A196" blockId="53.[136,1452,1166,1912]" box="[189,1377,1238,1265]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Habitat:—Gregarious with little dispersion, in soil amid grass, in the domain of the Atlantic Forest biome.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9141EA7476250C5AFF7F8FFEBDB6A072" blockId="53.[136,1452,1166,1912]" box="[189,756,1274,1301]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
Distribution:— 
<collectingRegion id="533A249676250C5AFEA88FFEBE9FA072" box="[362,477,1274,1300]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="E9E9AAE476250C5AFE258FFEBD6CA072" box="[487,558,1274,1300]" name="Brazil" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, the 
<typeStatus id="4E4554D676250C5AFDA18FFFBDD1A073" box="[611,659,1275,1301]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">type</typeStatus>
locality.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9141EA7476250C5AFF7F8E1ABCE4A03A" blockId="53.[136,1452,1166,1912]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
Additional material examined:— 
<materialsCitation id="2196E02976250C5AFDE98E1ABC4CA05E" box="[555,782,1310,1336]" country="Brazil" location="Sao Paulo" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">
<collectingCountry id="E9E9AAE476250C5AFDE98E1ABDD1A05E" box="[555,659,1310,1336]" name="Brazil" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="533A249676250C5AFD598E1ABC4CA05E" box="[667,782,1310,1336]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
</materialsCitation>
: 
<materialsCitation id="2196E02976250C5AFCD48E1ABCE1A03A" collectingDate="2006-12-05" collectorName="F. Karstedt" country="Brazil" location="Mycology Research Center" municipality="Fontes do Ipiranga State Park" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">
<collectingRegion id="533A249676250C5AFCD48E1ABCC5A05E" box="[790,903,1310,1336]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="7125700E76250C5AFC528E1BBB96A05E" box="[912,1236,1310,1337]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fontes do Ipiranga State Park</collectingMunicipality>
, near the 
<location id="9421BCAF76250C5AFAFA8E1ABE03A03A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:19575B6276250C5AFF4A89BEBE3FA21E:9421BCAF76250C5AFAFA8E1ABE03A03A" country="Brazil" municipality="Fontes do Ipiranga State Park" name="Mycology Research Center" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">Mycology Research Center</location>
building, 
<date id="E540CCB476250C5AFE718E46BD3FA03A" box="[435,637,1346,1373]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="2006-12-05">
<collectingDate id="F504355C76250C5AFE718E46BD3FA03A" box="[435,637,1346,1373]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="2006-12-05">5 December 2006</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="A38A366676250C5AFD4A8E47BC24A03A" box="[648,870,1346,1372]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<collectorName id="3C0B8FA276250C5AFD4A8E47BC41A03A" box="[648,771,1346,1372]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">F. Karstedt</collectorName>
FK0821
</emphasis>
(SP)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9141EA7476250C5AFF7F8E62BCEDA33F" blockId="53.[136,1452,1166,1912]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
Comments:—The collections now identified as 
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F776250C5AFD138E62BCEAA0E6" box="[721,936,1382,1408]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="paulense">
<emphasis id="A38A366676250C5AFD138E62BCEAA0E6" box="[721,936,1382,1408]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Entoloma paulense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were initially treated as 
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F776250C5AFB7A8E63BA7FA0E6" authorityName="Largent &amp; Abell-Davis" authorityYear="2011" baseAuthorityName="Sacc." box="[1208,1341,1383,1408]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Inocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="virescens">
<emphasis id="A38A366676250C5AFB7A8E63BA7FA0E6" box="[1208,1341,1383,1408]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">E. virescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F56F978576250C5AFA898E62BE0EA0C2" author="Karstedt, F. &amp; Capelari, M." pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="279 - 308" refId="ref39378" refString="Karstedt, F. &amp; Capelari, M. (2013) Inocephalus (Entolomataceae, Agaricales) from Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Nova Hedwigia 96: 279 - 308. https: // doi. org / 10.1127 / 0029 - 5035 / 2012 / 0055" type="journal article" year="2013">Karstedt &amp; Capelari 2013</bibRefCitation>
, as 
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F776250C5AFEB98E8EBD37A0C2" authorityName="Largent &amp; Abell-Davis" authorityYear="2011" baseAuthorityName="Sacc." box="[379,629,1418,1444]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Inocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="virescens">
<emphasis id="A38A366676250C5AFEB98E8EBD37A0C2" box="[379,629,1418,1444]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Inocephalus virescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The morphological characteristics of the 
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F776250C5AFBAB8E8FBBB0A0C2" authorityName="Largent &amp; Abell-Davis" authorityYear="2011" baseAuthorityName="Sacc." box="[1129,1266,1419,1444]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Inocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="virescens">
<emphasis id="A38A366676250C5AFBAB8E8FBBB0A0C2" box="[1129,1266,1419,1444]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">E. virescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="4E4554D676250C5AFB3E8E8EBA0FA0C2" box="[1276,1357,1418,1444]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="isotype">isotype</typeStatus>
and the descriptions of the materials identified as 
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F776250C5AFD938EABBD97A0AE" authorityName="Largent &amp; Abell-Davis" authorityYear="2011" baseAuthorityName="Sacc." box="[593,725,1455,1480]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Inocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="virescens">
<emphasis id="A38A366676250C5AFD938EABBD97A0AE" box="[593,725,1455,1480]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">E. virescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Horak 1976a, Noordeloos &amp; Hausknecht 2007, 
<bibRefCitation id="F56F978576250C5AFB2D8EABBE49A08A" author="Largent, D. L. &amp; Abell-Davis, S." pageId="53" pageNumber="54" refId="ref39499" refString="Largent, D. L. &amp; Abell-Davis, S. (2011) Observations on Inocephalus virescens comb. nov. and Alboleptonia stylophora from northeastern" type="book" year="2011">Largent &amp; Abell-Davis 2011</bibRefCitation>
) overlap with those of 
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F776250C5AFDD78ED7BDDBA08A" box="[533,665,1490,1516]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="paulense">
<emphasis id="A38A366676250C5AFDD78ED7BDDBA08A" box="[533,665,1490,1516]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">E. paulense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, phylogenetic analysis (
<figureCitation id="09C5F6F176250C5AFBE38ED6BB27A08A" box="[1057,1125,1490,1516]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="16.[136,229,1876,1898]" captionTargetBox="[384,1197,188,1845]" captionTargetId="figure-22@16.[384,1204,186,1850]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 3. Phylogenetic reconstruction of the species of Entolomataceae with cuboid basidiospores and related species based on the combined genes (nLSU, mtSSU, rpb2 and tef1). Bootstrap values (&gt; 70%) from the maximum likelihood analysis are indicated above the branches. The species studied here are shown in boldface. AU: Australia, AT: Austria, BZ: Belize, BR: Brazil, CN: China, GY: Guyana, IN: India, MY: Malaysia, NZ: New Zealand, PG: Papua New Guinea, PR: Puerto Rico, RE: La Reunion, UK: Russia, SC: Seychelles, US: United States, VN: Vietnam. Dashed vertical line: have similarity in the morphology but no molecular support." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217071" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217071/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
) showed that the collections named as 
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F776250C5AFF348EF3BE39A376" authorityName="Largent &amp; Abell-Davis" authorityYear="2011" baseAuthorityName="Sacc." box="[246,379,1527,1552]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Inocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="virescens">
<emphasis id="A38A366676250C5AFF348EF3BE39A376" box="[246,379,1527,1552]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">E. virescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurring in 
<collectingCountry id="E9E9AAE476250C5AFDCE8EF2BD31A376" box="[524,627,1526,1552]" name="Australia" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Australia</collectingCountry>
(Largent &amp; Abell-Davis 2012, as 
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F776250C5AFC2A8EF3BB27A376" authorityName="Largent &amp; Abell-Davis" authorityYear="2011" baseAuthorityName="Sacc." box="[1000,1125,1527,1552]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Inocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="virescens">
<emphasis id="A38A366676250C5AFC2A8EF3BB27A376" box="[1000,1125,1527,1552]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">I. virescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), in 
<collectingCountry id="E9E9AAE476250C5AFB558EF3BA58A376" box="[1175,1306,1526,1553]" name="Réunion" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">La Reunion</collectingCountry>
(Noordeloos &amp; Hausknecht 2007, as 
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F776250C5AFE4D8D1FBD2AA352" authority="(Sacc.)" authorityName="Largent &amp; Abell-Davis" authorityYear="2011" baseAuthorityName="Sacc." box="[399,616,1562,1588]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Inocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="virescens">
<emphasis id="A38A366676250C5AFE4D8D1FBD56A352" box="[399,532,1563,1588]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">E. virescens</emphasis>
(Sacc.)
</taxonomicName>
E. Horak ex Courtec. (1986:131)) and 
<collectingCountry id="E9E9AAE476250C5AFBD48D1EBB2FA352" box="[1046,1133,1562,1588]" name="Guyana" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Guyana</collectingCountry>
(collection MCA2479, cited in the 
<bibRefCitation id="F56F978576250C5AFF0C8D3ABED8A33E" author="Baroni, T. J. &amp; Hofstetter, V. &amp; Largent, D. L. &amp; Vilgalys, R." box="[206,410,1598,1625]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref38548" refString="Baroni, T. J., Hofstetter, V., Largent, D. L. &amp; Vilgalys, R. (2011) Entocybe is proposed as a new genus in the Entolomataceae (Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota) based on morphological and molecular evidence. North American Fungi 6: 1 - 19. https: // doi. org / 10.2509 / naf 2011.006.012" type="journal article" year="2011">
Baroni 
<emphasis id="A38A366676250C5AFEE38D3BBE10A33E" box="[289,338,1598,1624]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">et al</emphasis>
. 2011
</bibRefCitation>
, as 
<emphasis id="A38A366676250C5AFE068D3BBD16A33F" box="[452,596,1599,1625]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">I. ‘virescens’</emphasis>
) are distinct from 
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F776250C5AFCE78D3BBCEAA33E" box="[805,936,1598,1624]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="paulense">
<emphasis id="A38A366676250C5AFCE78D3BBCEAA33E" box="[805,936,1598,1624]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">E. paulense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9141EA7476250C5AFF7F8D66BE3FA21E" blockId="53.[136,1452,1166,1912]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F776250C5AFF7F8D66BEDFA31A" box="[189,413,1634,1660]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="virescens">
<emphasis id="A38A366676250C5AFF7F8D66BEDFA31A" box="[189,413,1634,1660]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Entoloma virescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was recorded from the state of 
<collectingRegion id="533A249676250C5AFCDD8D66BC22A31A" box="[799,864,1634,1660]" country="Brazil" name="Ceara" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Ceará</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F56F978576250C5AFCB68D66BBF2A31A" author="Alves, M. H. &amp; Nascimento, C. C." box="[884,1200,1634,1660]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="577 - 580" refId="ref38482" refString="Alves, M. H. &amp; Nascimento, C. C. (2012) Entoloma virescens (Sacc.) E. Horak ex Courtec., 1986 (Agaricales: Entolomataceae): The first record for the Caatinga biome, Ceara, Brazil. Check List 8: 577 - 580. https: // doi. org / 10.15560 / 8.3.577" type="journal article" year="2012">Alves &amp; Nascimento 2012</bibRefCitation>
, as 
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F776250C5AFB218D67BA2CA31A" box="[1251,1390,1635,1660]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="virescens">
<emphasis id="A38A366676250C5AFB218D67BA2CA31A" box="[1251,1390,1635,1660]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">E. virescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and according to the morphological description differs from 
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F776250C5AFCCA8D83BCCFA3C6" box="[776,909,1670,1696]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="paulense">
<emphasis id="A38A366676250C5AFCCA8D83BCCFA3C6" box="[776,909,1670,1696]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">E. paulense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
only in terms of the color that turns blue-green to entirely green-grey instead of green-olive or olivaceus ochre. It was not possible to confirm whether the material collected in 
<collectingRegion id="533A249676250C5AFED18DCABE16A38E" box="[275,340,1742,1768]" country="Brazil" name="Ceara" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Ceará</collectingRegion>
represents 
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F776250C5AFE148DCBBD1BA38E" box="[470,601,1742,1768]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="paulense">
<emphasis id="A38A366676250C5AFE148DCBBD1BA38E" box="[470,601,1742,1768]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">E. paulense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as most of the microscopic structures had collapsed. In addition, there are more collections identified as 
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F776250C5AFE228DF7BD2AA26A" box="[480,616,1779,1804]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="virescens">
<emphasis id="A38A366676250C5AFE228DF7BD2AA26A" box="[480,616,1779,1804]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">E. virescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
collected in South America (MCA2479, TJB9703, FK0821 and FK1151, 
<figureCitation id="09C5F6F176250C5AFF4A8C12BF8EA256" box="[136,204,1814,1840]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="16.[136,229,1876,1898]" captionTargetBox="[384,1197,188,1845]" captionTargetId="figure-22@16.[384,1204,186,1850]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 3. Phylogenetic reconstruction of the species of Entolomataceae with cuboid basidiospores and related species based on the combined genes (nLSU, mtSSU, rpb2 and tef1). Bootstrap values (&gt; 70%) from the maximum likelihood analysis are indicated above the branches. The species studied here are shown in boldface. AU: Australia, AT: Austria, BZ: Belize, BR: Brazil, CN: China, GY: Guyana, IN: India, MY: Malaysia, NZ: New Zealand, PG: Papua New Guinea, PR: Puerto Rico, RE: La Reunion, UK: Russia, SC: Seychelles, US: United States, VN: Vietnam. Dashed vertical line: have similarity in the morphology but no molecular support." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217071" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217071/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
) that were given the same name for having similar morphology but are likely to be at least three species. A larger sampling study is necessary to elucidate the morphological and geographical delimitation of the species of the 
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F776250C5AFF4A8C5BBE4CA21E" box="[136,270,1887,1912]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="virescens">
<emphasis id="A38A366676250C5AFF4A8C5BBE4CA21E" box="[136,270,1887,1912]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">E. virescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>