<documentid="C2D7000DA378C80649CC9E200634FC6C"ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.347.1.1"ID-ISSN="1179-3163"ID-Zenodo-Dep="13707999"IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe"IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe"IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe"IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe"IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch"IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe"IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe"checkinTime="1725591674036"checkinUser="felipe"docAuthor="Sabir, J. S. M., Theriot, E. C., Lobban, C. S., Alhebshi, A. M., Al-Malki, A. L., Hajrah, N. H., Khiyami, M. A., Obaid, A. Y., Jansen, R. K. & Ashworth, M. A."docDate="2018"docId="A57F87E7FFC4EA4FFF5BF9C5FD4FF963"docLanguage="en"docName="phytotaxa.347.1.1.pdf"docOrigin="Phytotaxa 347 (1)"docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.347.1.1"docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article"docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9"docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article"docStyleVersion="13"docTitle="Hyalosynedra laevigata Grunow"docType="treatment"docVersion="2"lastPageNumber="9"masterDocId="5946FF9FFFC2EA47FFD3FFD7FF88FFDF"masterDocTitle="Systematics of araphid diatoms with asymmetric rimoportulae or densely packed virgae, with particular attention to Hyalosynedra (Ulnariaceae, Bacillariophyta)"masterLastPageNumber="49"masterPageNumber="1"pageNumber="7"updateTime="1725603053614"updateUser="ExternalLinkService"zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED"zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
<mods:titleid="E3ECD258B29D2A29D48202AB12DA5F44">Systematics of araphid diatoms with asymmetric rimoportulae or densely packed virgae, with particular attention to Hyalosynedra (Ulnariaceae, Bacillariophyta)</mods:title>
<mods:namePartid="BCAC73546CB46F80A00442ACD979ABBC">Sabir, J. S. M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliationid="9190851323AEBBACA22C1010255FEA73">Genomic and Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia</mods:affiliation>
<mods:namePartid="04D173D0866BCC81986C7744E1BD8717">Theriot, E. C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliationid="7994E4A1F0752FFF0CF7CF80B66D78C5">Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:namePartid="F126D2F36E72B17DBC2563367D5031D1">Alhebshi, A. M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliationid="9765C688D2B3F164F84E0860082FFBAE">Genomic and Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia</mods:affiliation>
<mods:namePartid="A581CA671DFBA8D7EFE06DD28EFA6A6E">Al-Malki, A. L.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliationid="2E14606BFCC9D7EA9BCDD746658B41D4">Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, KAU, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:namePartid="0675B93FC3BFC01397D073FDA6492A4B">Hajrah, N. H.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliationid="CE26960F4FAE508AD35937261EEBF47F">Genomic and Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia</mods:affiliation>
<mods:namePartid="BD46273417806BEFEB717DB31371248C">Obaid, A. Y.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliationid="DE4A80DC6BC0C5686E93D33C8D800294">Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, KAU, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:namePartid="2129A04339B9353EDC88AE867308A1C3">Jansen, R. K.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliationid="4E4C0A2C63D2C721C6EE4E9D510B4305">Genomic and Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia & Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:namePartid="9173A9208093950AA9BB6F997538D865">Ashworth, M. A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliationid="9B112741AF15958A60052C91D9721536">Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA</mods:affiliation>
<figureCitationid="B5ED2A74FFC4EA41FD09F9C5FCB7F9F4"box="[730,831,1554,1579]"captionStart-0="FIGURES 2–4"captionStart-1="FIGURES 5, 6"captionStart-2="FIGURES 7–9"captionStartId-0="7.[136,243,1979,2000]"captionStartId-1="8.[136,243,1090,1111]"captionStartId-2="9.[136,243,2029,2050]"captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,317,1954]"captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,190,1065]"captionTargetBox-2="[292,1267,190,2004]"captionTargetId-0="figure-85@7.[151,1436,317,1954]"captionTargetId-1="figure-15@8.[151,1436,190,1065]"captionTargetId-2="figure-14@9.[292,1295,190,2004]"captionTargetPageId-0="7"captionTargetPageId-1="8"captionTargetPageId-2="9"captionText-0="FIGURES 2–4. Hyalosynedra laevigata from Grunow 839. 2. Bright field LM of large specimen. 3. Differential interference contrast LM of large specimen. 4. External view of entire valve in SEM."captionText-1="FIGURES 5, 6. Hyalosynedra laevigata from Grunow 839. 5. Detail of central area in LM. 6. Detail of apex in SEM."captionText-2="FIGURES 7–9. Hyalosynedra laevigata from Grunow 839. 7. Interior of apex showing rimoportula and terminal pore field. 8. Interior of entire valve. Note break near center. 9. Details of bilayered valve structure."figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13708003"figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13708007"figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13708009"httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13708003/files/figure.png"httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13708007/files/figure.png"httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/13708009/files/figure.png"pageId="6"pageNumber="7">Figs 2–9</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="B5ED2A74FFC4EA41FC6FF9E1FBADF990"box="[956,1061,1590,1615]"captionStart="FIGURES 2–4"captionStartId="7.[136,243,1979,2000]"captionTargetBox="[151,1436,317,1954]"captionTargetId="figure-85@7.[151,1436,317,1954]"captionTargetPageId="7"captionText="FIGURES 2–4. Hyalosynedra laevigata from Grunow 839. 2. Bright field LM of large specimen. 3. Differential interference contrast LM of large specimen. 4. External view of entire valve in SEM."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13708003"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13708003/files/figure.png"pageId="6"pageNumber="7">Figs 2–4</figureCitation>
). Margins were convex across the center and then converging nearly linearly towards the apical region (usually within 3–6 μm of the end) where the curvature reversed and the sides either became nearly parallel or weakly subcapitate. Fully intact specimens ranged from 80.5–227.6 μm long by 3.0–6.6 μm in width. Virgae were visible on most specimens in the LM (
<figureCitationid="B5ED2A74FFC4EA41FAD2F975FACDF964"box="[1281,1349,1698,1723]"captionStart="FIGURES 5, 6"captionStartId="8.[136,243,1090,1111]"captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1065]"captionTargetId="figure-15@8.[151,1436,190,1065]"captionTargetPageId="8"captionText="FIGURES 5, 6. Hyalosynedra laevigata from Grunow 839. 5. Detail of central area in LM. 6. Detail of apex in SEM."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13708007"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13708007/files/figure.png"pageId="6"pageNumber="7">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="B5ED2A74FFC4EA41FDDAF93DFDC5F8DC"box="[521,589,1770,1795]"captionStart="FIGURES 5, 6"captionStartId="8.[136,243,1090,1111]"captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1065]"captionTargetId="figure-15@8.[151,1436,190,1065]"captionTargetPageId="8"captionText="FIGURES 5, 6. Hyalosynedra laevigata from Grunow 839. 5. Detail of central area in LM. 6. Detail of apex in SEM."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13708007"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13708007/files/figure.png"pageId="6"pageNumber="7">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
). Pores were linearly arranged longitudinally and latitudinally. There always appeared to be three rows of pores from the margin of the valve towards the valve face, with the top and bottom row composed of elongate pores and the middle of circular. Density was 5–9 pores per 1 μm along the margin. There were 4–5 short spines over each ocellulimbus, extending from a roughly triangular hyaline area, at the apex of which was the external opening of the rimoportula. The hyaline shelf was penetrated by simple pores at the edges at its edge.
). However, externally there were always but three rows of pores, with the top and bottom row pores being elongated, suggesting that the top and bottom rows of external pores were formed by merger of the top two and bottom two rows of internal pores. The ocellulimbus was 8—22 pores wide. The hyaline area of the face near the apex above the ocellulimbus was marked by pores scattered near the edge. Internally, it was often sunken relative to the rest of the internal valve surface, with the rimoportula at or near the edge of the depression. The rimoportula coverings were asymmetric, with the lip towards the valve terminus relatively small and partially encircled by the much larger opposite lip, resembling a parrot’s beak. Henceforth, we refer to this simply as an asymmetric rimoportula.
from Grunow 839. 2. Bright field LM of large specimen. 3. Differential interference contrast LM of large specimen. 4. External view of entire valve in SEM.
). The external membrane consists of small vimines (silica bars connecting the virgae), with a secondary transapical bar crossing the resulting pore. The result is biseriate striae running over a continuous chamber or alveolus (
<figureCitationid="B5ED2A74FFCAEA4FFB58FB24FB5CFAD3"box="[1163,1236,1267,1292]"captionStart="FIGURES 5, 6"captionStartId="8.[136,243,1090,1111]"captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1065]"captionTargetId="figure-15@8.[151,1436,190,1065]"captionTargetPageId="8"captionText="FIGURES 5, 6. Hyalosynedra laevigata from Grunow 839. 5. Detail of central area in LM. 6. Detail of apex in SEM."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13708007"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13708007/files/figure.png"pageId="8"pageNumber="9">Figs 6</figureCitation>
—We did not observe any girdle bands attached to valves in either rinsed or oxidized material, and it appeared that the samples had been thoroughly cleaned before drying on the original Grunow mica.
<bibRefCitationid="49474B00FFCAEA4FFB2EFA88FA23FAA7"author="Grunow, A."box="[1277,1451,1375,1400]"pageId="8"pageNumber="9"pagination="165 - 186"refId="ref21010"refString="Grunow, A. (1877) New diatoms from Honduras. The Monthly Microscopical Journal 18: 165 - 186. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2818.1877. tb 00123. x"type="journal article"year="1877">Grunow (1877)</bibRefCitation>
reported 38 striae or more in 10 μm. His lower minimal value is likely due to inability to resolve all virgae in the LM on a mica slide.
<bibRefCitationid="49474B00FFCAEA4FFAD3FA1CFA2FFA3B"author="Grunow, A."box="[1280,1447,1483,1508]"pageId="8"pageNumber="9"pagination="165 - 186"refId="ref21010"refString="Grunow, A. (1877) New diatoms from Honduras. The Monthly Microscopical Journal 18: 165 - 186. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2818.1877. tb 00123. x"type="journal article"year="1877">Grunow (1877</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 166) which he wrote had more linear sides and more obtuse apices. Our observations lead us to conclude that a continuum in variation between these shapes exists and we consider them synonymous.
<bibRefCitationid="49474B00FFCAEA4FFF6EF9E0FE73F98F"author="Williams, D. M. & Round, F. E."box="[189,507,1591,1616]"pageId="8"pageNumber="9"pagination="303 - 315"refId="ref23097"refString="Williams, D. M. & Round, F. E. (1988) Phylogenetic systematics of Synedra. In: F. E. Round (Ed.), Ninth International Diatom Symposium. Biopress, Ltd., and Koeltz Scientific Books, Bristol, pp. 303 - 315."type="book chapter"year="1988">Williams and Round (1988)</bibRefCitation>
did not illustrate an entire specimen of this species from their Philippine material. However, the apices illustrated in their figures 17, 18 and 20 appear identical to larger Grunow specimens in shape, rimoportula placement and width of the ocellulimbus. The smaller specimens, however, represented in their figures 19 and 21 may be of another species of
