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<document id="AC996F17D4EB4448F493F1B4B873E9CD" ID-CLB-Dataset="92619" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2022.815.1749" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9a798cae-f10e-44c2-a65c-cdadbff28cb4" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6484153" ID-ZooBank="6AD0082E-7349-48DE-AFCA-1EE0BFBB3887" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1650913068508" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Vranken, Nathan, Steenberge, Maarten Van, Heylen, Annelies, Decru, Eva &amp; Snoeks, Jos" docDate="2022" docId="038F87A6614FDA12FF6F53FA235EFDBA" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-815_1-94.pdf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 815" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.815.1749" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Haplochromis Hilgendorf 1888" docType="key" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="75" masterDocId="FFB6FFDE6107DA58FFD257322629FC0A" masterDocTitle="From a pair to a dozen: the piscivorous species of Haplochromis (Cichlidae) from the Lake Edward system" masterLastPageNumber="94" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="73" updateTime="1699329164302" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="8EDC89D3CA7E2477D2B8C1D019E6ED5E">From a pair to a dozen: the piscivorous species of Haplochromis (Cichlidae) from the Lake Edward system</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="5B615564F6CD46C5A943AFFFFD3C8C12" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="DCF3A40F4173D9571CB679F18435B0A9">Vranken, Nathan</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="6E47E8B70231F5436505204E6DC1DE86" type="LSID">0F8A0E8B-8BE3-458F-8BB8-D5BA0B489A0D</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="704D8F582D2B4BECF96C85ABB781FE6D">Leuven, Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, Department of Biology, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. &amp; Royal Museum for Central Africa, Biology department, Section Vertebrates, Leuvensesteenweg 13, 3080 Tervuren, Belgium.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="9566A3ECC936DFD78D363A1FA4ACC4EA" type="email">nathan.vranken@kuleuven.be</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="D84A347B0CC8A4B486517814ABF095EA">Steenberge, Maarten Van</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="DB4D7807B8B9F6F27BB1085715EDD376" type="LSID">57C714E0-F233-4B3E-960E-17A7863FBF6F</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="7FAD26FCB3D46D5160D669AEB48B6230">Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Operational Directorate Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Vautierstraat 29, 1000 Brussels, Belgium. &amp; Masaryk University, Department of Botany and Zoology, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="1896D6F88447BF54F90E14A403E79F2A" type="email">mvansteenberge@naturalsciences.be</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="04D34BE819163C3C17F7135457FB485C">Heylen, Annelies</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="B443BF308D80B3F5F5ED2C51E1ECD6E1" type="LSID">559336E6-F710-45F2-9116-775C59874D70</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="04285F3735903077E88510CFBC64EA04">KU Leuven, Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, Department of Biology, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="49859F19B27D7A3117A817697ACAAFA5" type="email">annelies.heylen@hotmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="F5E6538DA980324D3DFA3806603A9CC7">Decru, Eva</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="E3C0C6E1BDCDE8BA7462F93BABBF8469" type="LSID">1AEB7EED-C939-4702-8590-B3FCA7076324</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="C29082B0E2123C02C7755D6917835C37">KU Leuven, Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, Department of Biology, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="7D87628F12113F8596D469C9234898CC" type="email">eva.decru.icht@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="155E8AE0D4D5707FFE0E7322F491B10A">Snoeks, Jos</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="BDCEC4533EA424EB9242C9B999187C80">Royal Museum for Central Africa, Biology department, Section Vertebrates, Leuvensesteenweg 13, 3080 Tervuren, Belgium.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="0FB1AB85C52085FF1DD0FF5ABDC04CF9" type="email">jos.snoeks@africamuseum.be</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="F429E479900EE40D07C5610D997F5568">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="C4C1E108B39EF822BC77BC1A29413293">2022</mods:date>
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<treatment id="038F87A6614FDA12FF6F53FA235EFDBA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6814831" ID-GBIF-Taxon="197197492" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6814831" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038F87A6614FDA12FF6F53FA235EFDBA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038F87A6614FDA12FF6F53FA235EFDBA" lastPageId="74" lastPageNumber="75" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
<subSubSection id="C33C653B614FDA10FF6F53FA22EDF8EE" box="[189,1220,1223,1252]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9936B0614FDA10FF6F53FA22EDF8EE" blockId="72.[189,1220,1223,1252]" box="[189,1220,1223,1252]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
<emphasis id="B952EAA2614FDA10FF6F53FA22EDF8EE" bold="true" box="[189,1220,1223,1252]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
<emphasis id="B952EAA2614FDA10FF6F53FA244CF8EE" bold="true" box="[189,613,1223,1252]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Key to the piscivorous species of</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C264D33614FDA10FDBF53F52507F8EE" ID-CoL="635S2" ID-ENA="8121" authorityName="Hilgendorf" authorityYear="1888" box="[621,814,1223,1252]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Haplochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Haplochromis</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B952EAA2614FDA10FCE453F522EDF8EE" bold="true" box="[822,1220,1223,1252]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">from the Lake Edward System</emphasis>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33C653B614FDA10FF6F53CF2282FA13" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B9936B0614FDA10FF6F53CF2282FA13" blockId="72.[186,1400,1277,1561]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
This identification key is intended as a practical guide and first step towards the identification of the piscivorous species from the Lake Edward system; in case of doubt, the differential diagnoses in the species’ descriptions should be consulted. When identifying live dominant males, the colour patterns are highly diagnostic and should be checked. A simple dichotomous key cannot be compiled as overlap in character states and in the range of values is omnipresent in species of
<taxonomicName id="4C264D33614FDA10FCAC52A2220AF9A0" authorityName="Hilgendorf" authorityYear="1888" box="[894,1059,1424,1450]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Haplochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B952EAA2614FDA10FCAC52A2220AF9A0" box="[894,1059,1424,1450]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Haplochromis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, especially when they have a similar ecology (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B41614FDA10FE5352872463F9C5" author="Greenwood P. H." box="[385,586,1461,1487]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" pagination="139 - 242" refId="ref48850" refString="Greenwood P. H. 1973. A revision of the Haplochromis and related species (Pisces: Cichlidae) from Lake George, Uganda. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology 25: 139 - 242." type="journal article" year="1973">Greenwood 1973</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B41614FDA10FD8B528724C7F9C5" author="Snoeks J." box="[601,750,1461,1487]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" refId="ref50477" refString="Snoeks J. 1994. The Haplochromine Fishes (Teleostei, Cichlidae) of Lake Kivu, East Africa: a Taxonomic Revision with Notes on their Ecology. Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren." type="book" year="1994">Snoeks 1994</bibRefCitation>
). However, the key allows for the identification of most specimens. Within the key, terminology is used in reference to species with a piscivorous morphology (instead of the generalised
<taxonomicName id="4C264D33614FDA10FE2752CC24B3FA12" authorityName="Hilgendorf" authorityYear="1888" box="[501,666,1534,1560]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Haplochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B952EAA2614FDA10FE2752CC24B3FA12" box="[501,666,1534,1560]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Haplochromis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
morphology as in the rest of the manuscript).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33C653B614FDA12FF6F5173235EFDBA" lastPageId="74" lastPageNumber="75" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="key">
<key id="FFB76181614FDA12FF6F5173235EFDBA" lastPageId="74" lastPageNumber="75" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
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<paragraph id="8B9936B0614FDA10FF6F5173235EFAAF" blockId="72.[189,1399,1600,1811]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
<keyLead id="30D79585614FDA10FF6F5173235EFAAF" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
1. Adult specimens &lt;
<quantity id="4CDE9B55614FDA10FE035173241DFA56" box="[465,564,1601,1628]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="100.0">100 mm</quantity>
SL; cheek shallow [ChD 20.8–24.4 (mean 22.5) % HL]; anal fin base long [AFB 19.2–22.2 (20.5) % SL]; 16, rarely 17 caudal peduncle scales; body speckled to uniformly black (
<figureCitation id="131D2A35614FDA10FEEA51B82795FAAF" box="[312,444,1674,1701]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="59.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[242,1338,284,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-12@59.[242,1338,265,1857]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="Fig. 33. Haplochromis pardus sp. nov. a. Photograph of preserved holotype (RMCA 2016.035.P.0202; 89.2 mm SL). b. X-ray image of holotype. c–d. Photographs of freshly caught specimens. c. Dominant male (RMCA 2017.006.P (HP1463); 81.4 mm SL). d. Female (RMCA 2017.006.P.0342; 75.9 mm SL) to illustrate the live colour patterns. The contrast was slightly enhanced." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6484236" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6484236/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Fig. 33c–d</figureCitation>
). ..................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C264D33614FDA10FB4E51B9233CFAAF" authority="Vranken &amp; Steenberge &amp; Heylen &amp; Decru &amp; Snoeks, 2022" authorityName="Vranken &amp; Steenberge &amp; Heylen &amp; Decru &amp; Snoeks" authorityYear="2022" box="[1180,1301,1674,1701]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Haplochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pardus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B952EAA2614FDA10FB4E51B9233CFAAF" bold="true" box="[1180,1301,1674,1701]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">H. pardus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26157D9614FDA10FACE51B9235EFAAF" box="[1308,1399,1675,1701]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9936B0614FDA10FF135182235EFB19" blockId="72.[189,1399,1600,1811]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
<keyLead id="30D79585614FDA10FF135182235EFB19" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
– Adult specimens&gt;
<quantity id="4CDE9B55614FDA10FE1D519D2419FAC0" box="[463,560,1711,1738]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="100.0">100 mm</quantity>
SL; specimens &lt;
<quantity id="4CDE9B55614FDA10FCD6519D254CFAC0" box="[772,869,1711,1738]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="100.0">100 mm</quantity>
SL with cheek deep [ChD 22.4–29.6 (means 22.9–28.5) % SL], anal-fin base short [AFB 16.1–21.7 (14.8–19.8) % SL], 16–20 (medians 17–19) caudal peduncle scales, and body light coloured............................................................................... 2
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<keyStep id="30D22E15614FDA10FF6F500E235EFBE2" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
<paragraph id="8B9936B0614FDA10FF6F500E235EFB95" blockId="72.[189,1399,1851,2025]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
<keyLead id="30D79585614FDA10FF6F500E235EFB95" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
2. Body shallow [BD 27.2–30.1 (28.6) % SL]; anal-fin base short [AFB 14.7–17.3 (15.7) % SL]; interorbital area broad [IOW 57.4–63.3 (60.0) % HW]; 7–8 anal fin branched rays.................................. .............................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C264D33614FDA10FB5B50B7233CFB95" authority="Vranken &amp; Steenberge &amp; Heylen &amp; Decru &amp; Snoeks, 2022" authorityName="Vranken &amp; Steenberge &amp; Heylen &amp; Decru &amp; Snoeks" authorityYear="2022" box="[1161,1301,1924,1951]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Haplochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latifrons" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B952EAA2614FDA10FB5B50B7233CFB95" bold="true" box="[1161,1301,1924,1951]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">H. latifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26157D9614FDA10FACE50B7235EFB95" box="[1308,1399,1925,1951]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9936B0614FDA10FF135098235EFBE2" blockId="72.[189,1399,1851,2025]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
<keyLead id="30D79585614FDA10FF135098235EFBE2" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">– Body deep [BD 28.4–41.7 (30.8–37.4) % SL]; anal-fin base long [AFB 16.7–21.9 (18.0–19.9) % SL]; interorbital area narrow [IOW 39.3–61.0 (43.9–55.5) % HW]; 8–11 anal fin branched rays ... 3</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30D22E15614EDA11FF6F563B235EFEB2" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<paragraph id="8B9936B0614EDA11FF6F563B235FFD9B" blockId="73.[189,1401,264,696]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<keyLead id="30D79585614EDA11FF6F563B235FFD9B" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
3. Body deep [BD 32.4–39.3 (35.7) % SL]; interorbital area broad [IOW 48.6–55.6 (51.9) % HW]; lower jaw long [LJL 47.8–58.6 (52.7) % HL]; gape steep (30–45°); rows of minute scales on basal part of membranes of both dorsal and anal fins (nearly invisible to naked eye) (
<figureCitation id="131D2A35614EDA11FB4B566022D8FD67" box="[1177,1265,338,365]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="68.[189,232,1963,1989]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1195,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-263@68.[189,1399,1195,1859]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="Fig. 38. Haplochromis squamipinnis Regan, 1921, holotype, ♀, 136.9 mm SL (NHMUK 1914.4.8.32). Drawn by N. Vranken." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6484246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6484246/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
); dominant males slate blue (
<figureCitation id="131D2A35614EDA11FE6456452432FD9B" box="[438,539,375,401]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="70.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[272,1316,265,1845]" captionTargetId="figure-19@70.[272,1316,265,1846]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="Fig. 39. Haplochromis squamipinnis Regan, 1921. a. Photograph of preserved holotype (NHMUK 1914.4.8.32; 136.9 mm SL). b. X-ray image of holotype. c–d. Photographs of freshly caught specimens. c. Dominant male (RMCA 2016.035.P.0250; 169.7 mm SL). d. Female (RMCA 2016.035.P(HP823); 129.6 mm SL) to illustrate the live colour patterns. The contrast was slightly enhanced." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6484248" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6484248/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Fig. 39c</figureCitation>
). .......................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C264D33614EDA11FB7C564A235FFD9B" ID-CoL="6LB6Q" authorityName="Regan" authorityYear="1921" box="[1198,1398,375,402]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Haplochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="squamipinnis">
<emphasis id="B952EAA2614EDA11FB7C564A235FFD9B" bold="true" box="[1198,1398,375,402]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">H. squamipinnis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9936B0614EDA11FF6F56AF235EFE40" blockId="73.[189,1401,264,696]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<keyLead id="30D79585614EDA11FF6F56AF235EFE40" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
– Body deep [BD 33.5–41.7 (37.4) % SL]; interorbital area narrow [IOW 40.5–48.7 (43.9) % HW]; lower jaw short [LJL 44.2–49.6 (47.1) % HL]; gape gentle (20–35°); rows of minute scales on basal part of membrane of anal fin in some specimens, rarely few isolated scales on dorsal fin (nearly invisible to naked eye) (
<figureCitation id="131D2A35614EDA11FD8A55382486FE2F" box="[600,687,522,549]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="62.[189,232,1963,1989]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1159,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-358@62.[189,1399,1159,1876]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="Fig. 35. Haplochromis quasimodo sp. nov., holotype, ♂, 120.4 mm SL (RMCA 2018.008.P.0336). Drawn by N. Vranken." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6484240" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6484240/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
); dominant males light grey dorsally and blue-black ventrally (
<figureCitation id="131D2A35614EDA11FF20551D2779FE40" box="[242,336,559,586]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="64.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[288,1293,287,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-18@64.[288,1293,265,1843]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="Fig. 36.Haplochromis quasimodosp. nov. a. Photograph of preservedholotype (RMCA 2018.008.P.0336; 120.4 mm SL). b. X-ray image of holotype. c–d. Photographs of freshly caught specimens. c. Dominant male (RMCA 2018.008.P(HP3072); 123.7 mm SL). d. Female (RMCA 2018.008.P(HP3064); 116.6 mm SL) to illustrate the live colour patterns. The contrast was slightly enhanced." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6484242" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6484242/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Fig. 36c</figureCitation>
)..........................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C264D33614EDA11FBB95502233CFE40" authority="Vranken &amp; Steenberge &amp; Heylen &amp; Decru &amp; Snoeks, 2022" authorityName="Vranken &amp; Steenberge &amp; Heylen &amp; Decru &amp; Snoeks" authorityYear="2022" box="[1131,1301,559,586]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Haplochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quasimodo" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B952EAA2614EDA11FBB95502233CFE40" bold="true" box="[1131,1301,559,586]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">H. quasimodo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26157D9614EDA11FACE5502235EFE40" box="[1308,1399,560,586]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9936B0614EDA11FF135567235EFEB2" blockId="73.[189,1401,264,696]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<keyLead id="30D79585614EDA11FF135567235EFEB2" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">– Body shallow [BD 28.4–36.0 (30.8–33.2) % SL]; interorbital area broad [IOW 39.3–61.0 (44.6– 55.5) % HW]; lower jaw short [LJL 42.4–53.1 (44.7–49.5) % HL]; gape gentle (15–35°); minute scales on dorsal or anal fins absent.................................................................................................... 4</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30D22E15614EDA11FF6F55D3235EFFD2" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<paragraph id="8B9936B0614EDA11FF6F55D3235EFF4F" blockId="73.[189,1399,736,984]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<keyLead id="30D79585614EDA11FF6F55D3235EFF4F" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
4. Head broad [HW 40.1–43.7 (42.0) % HL]; eye large [ED 30.0–31.5 (30.6) % HL]; 25–37 (median 31) outer upper jaw teeth; dominant males light grey with black head and bright red anal fin (
<figureCitation id="131D2A35614EDA11FF2154182779FF4E" box="[243,336,810,836]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="40.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[189,1393,275,1861]" captionTargetId="figure-19@40.[188,1393,265,1861]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Fig. 21. Haplochromis aquila sp. nov. a. Photograph of preserved holotype (RMCA 2018.008.P.0355; 113.6 mm SL). b. X-ray image of holotype. c–d. Photographs of freshly caught specimens. c. Dominant male, the holotype. d. Female (RMCA 2018.008.P.0352; 108.7 mm SL) to illustrate the live colour patterns. The contrast was slightly enhanced." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6484211" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6484211/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Fig. 21c</figureCitation>
)..................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C264D33614EDA11FB715419233CFF4F" authority="Vranken &amp; Steenberge &amp; Heylen &amp; Decru &amp; Snoeks, 2022" authorityName="Vranken &amp; Steenberge &amp; Heylen &amp; Decru &amp; Snoeks" authorityYear="2022" box="[1187,1301,810,837]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Haplochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aquila" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B952EAA2614EDA11FB715419233CFF4F" bold="true" box="[1187,1301,810,837]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">H. aquila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26157D9614EDA11FACE5419235EFF4F" box="[1308,1399,811,837]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9936B0614EDA11FF6F5462235EFF85" blockId="73.[189,1399,736,984]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<keyLead id="30D79585614EDA11FF6F5462235EFF85" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">– Head narrow [HW 36.8–42.3 (39.2–40.8) % HL]; eye small [ED 22.2–29.9 (24.6–28.3) % HL]; 22–47 (medians 27–36) outer upper jaw teeth. ................................................................................. 5</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9936B0614EDA11FF1354AB235EFFD2" blockId="73.[189,1399,736,984]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<keyLead id="30D79585614EDA11FF1354AB235EFFD2" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">– Head broad [HW 39.9–48.0 (42.9–45.1) % HL]; eye variable [ED 24.6–31.5 (27.5–30.4) % HL]; 39–70 (medians 45–56) outer upper jaw teeth. ................................................................................. 8</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30D22E15614EDA11FF6F5332235EF8D9" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<paragraph id="8B9936B0614EDA11FF6F5332235EF86E" blockId="73.[189,1399,1024,1235]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<keyLead id="30D79585614EDA11FF6F5332235EF86E" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">5. Pre-dorsal distance short [PrD 33.3–37.0 (35.3–36.1) % SL]; interorbital area broad [IOW 50.9– 61.0 (53.8–55.5) % SL]; 3–4, rarely 5 infraorbital cheek scales; 25–47 (medians 30–36) outer upper jaw teeth............................................................................................................................................. 6</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9936B0614EDA11FF13535D235EF8D9" blockId="73.[189,1399,1024,1235]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<keyLead id="30D79585614EDA11FF13535D235EF8D9" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">– Pre-dorsal distance long [PrD 36.1–39.2 (37.3–38.0) % SL]; interorbital area narrow [IOW 44.9– 52.7 (48.1–48.9) % SL]; 4–7 infraorbital cheek scales; 22–36 (medians 27–29) outer upper jaw teeth.................................................................................................................................................... 7</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30D22E15614EDA11FF6F53C9235EF9C4" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<paragraph id="8B9936B0614EDA11FF6F53C9235EF955" blockId="73.[189,1399,1275,1486]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<keyLead id="30D79585614EDA11FF6F53C9235EF955" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
6. Pre-pectoral distance short [PrP 33.1–38.2 (36.0) % SL]; caudal peduncle long [CPL 15.7–17.5 (16.6) % SL]; head short [HL 33.4–37.0 (35.1) % SL]; dominant males yellow-green with a bright red anterior part of flank (
<figureCitation id="131D2A35614EDA11FDC852772459F955" box="[538,624,1349,1375]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[204,1369,265,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-72@19.[204,1369,265,1871]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 9. Haplochromis mentatus Regan, 1925. a. Photograph of preserved holotype (MCZ 31523; 93.1 mm SL). b. X-ray image of holotype. c–d. Photographs of freshly caught specimens. c. Dominant male (RMCA 2017.006.P.0424; 107.9 mm SL). d. Female (RMCA 2018.008.P(HP2453); 116.2 mm SL) to illustrate the live colour patterns. The contrast was slightly enhanced." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6484181" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6484181/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Fig. 9c</figureCitation>
). ..................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C264D33614EDA11FB305277235EF955" ID-CoL="3JLV4" authorityName="Regan" authorityYear="1925" box="[1250,1399,1349,1375]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Haplochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mentatus">
<emphasis id="B952EAA2614EDA11FB305277235EF955" bold="true" box="[1250,1399,1349,1375]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">H. mentatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9936B0614EDA11FF135258235EF9C4" blockId="73.[189,1399,1275,1486]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<keyLead id="30D79585614EDA11FF135258235EF9C4" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
– Pre-pectoral distance long [PrP 36.4–39.4 (38.1) % SL]; caudal peduncle short [CPL 13.4–16.1 (14.8) % SL]; head long [HL 35.9–37.9 (36.9) % SL]; dominant males (and females) light blue with black cheek (
<figureCitation id="131D2A35614EDA11FE57528127C8F9C4" box="[389,481,1459,1486]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="35.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[260,1324,283,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-12@35.[260,1324,265,1860]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Fig. 18. Haplochromis glaucus sp. nov. a. Photograph of preserved holotype (RMCA 2019.002.P.0016; 106.2 mm SL). b. X-ray image of holotype c–d. Photographs of freshly caught specimens. c. Dominant male, the holotype. d. Female (RMCA 2019.002.P.0017; 102.1 mm SL) to illustrate the live colour patterns. The contrast was slightly enhanced." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6484205" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6484205/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Fig. 18c</figureCitation>
)...........................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C264D33614EDA11FB435286233CF9C4" authority="Vranken &amp; Steenberge &amp; Heylen &amp; Decru &amp; Snoeks, 2022" authorityName="Vranken &amp; Steenberge &amp; Heylen &amp; Decru &amp; Snoeks" authorityYear="2022" box="[1169,1301,1459,1486]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Haplochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="glaucus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B952EAA2614EDA11FB435286233CF9C4" bold="true" box="[1169,1301,1459,1486]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">H. glaucus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26157D9614EDA11FACE5286235EF9C4" box="[1308,1399,1460,1486]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30D22E15614EDA11FF6F52C5235EFAE4" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<paragraph id="8B9936B0614EDA11FF6F52C5235EFA75" blockId="73.[189,1399,1526,1774]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<keyLead id="30D79585614EDA11FF6F52C5235EFA75" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
7. Cheek deep [ChD 27.6–33.5 (31.1) % SL]; eye small [ED 22.2–28.3 (24.6) % SL]; 22–27 upper lateral line scales; 12–16 scales between upper lateral line and first anal spine; dominant males cream-coloured with orange operculum and dorsal part of head and light blue snout (
<figureCitation id="131D2A35614EDA11FF215157277CFA75" box="[243,341,1637,1663]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[207,1383,278,1848]" captionTargetId="figure-19@26.[207,1383,262,1848]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 12. Haplochromis rex sp. nov. a. Photograph of preserved holotype (RMCA 2018.008.P.0345; 148.5 mm SL). b. X-ray image of holotype c–d. Photographs of freshly caught specimens. c. Holotype, a dominant male. d. A female (RMCA 2017.006.P.0355; 135.7 mm SL) to illustrate the live colour patterns. The contrast was slightly enhanced." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6484191" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6484191/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Fig. 12c</figureCitation>
).......................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C264D33614EDA11FB1A5157233CFA75" authority="Vranken &amp; Steenberge &amp; Heylen &amp; Decru &amp; Snoeks, 2022" authorityName="Vranken &amp; Steenberge &amp; Heylen &amp; Decru &amp; Snoeks" authorityYear="2022" box="[1224,1301,1637,1663]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Haplochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B952EAA2614EDA11FB1A5157233CFA75" bold="true" box="[1224,1301,1637,1663]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">H. rex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26157D9614EDA11FACE5157235EFA75" box="[1308,1399,1637,1663]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9936B0614EDA11FF1351B8235EFAE4" blockId="73.[189,1399,1526,1774]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<keyLead id="30D79585614EDA11FF1351B8235EFAE4" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
– Cheek shallow [ChD 27.0–29.6 (28.3) % SL]; eye large [ED 26.7–29.5 (28.3) % SL]; 19–21 upper lateral line scales; 9–11 scales between upper lateral line and first anal spine; dominant males yellow with an orange anterior part of flank (
<figureCitation id="131D2A35614EDA11FD7051E1252EFAE4" box="[674,775,1747,1774]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="31.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,271,1801]" captionTargetId="figure-12@31.[186,1402,265,1803]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Fig. 15. Haplochromis simba sp. nov. a. Photograph of preserved holotype (RMCA 2016.035.P.0225; 105.8 mm SL). b. X-ray image of holotype. c–d. Photographs of freshly caught specimens. c. Dominant male (RMCA 2016.035.P.0224; 97.9 mm SL). d. Female (RMCA 2018.008.P.0348; 109.0 mm SL) to illustrate the live colour patterns. The contrast was slightly enhanced." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6484199" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6484199/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Fig. 15c</figureCitation>
).......................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C264D33614EDA11FB7A51E6233CFAE4" authority="Vranken &amp; Steenberge &amp; Heylen &amp; Decru &amp; Snoeks, 2022" authorityName="Vranken &amp; Steenberge &amp; Heylen &amp; Decru &amp; Snoeks" authorityYear="2022" box="[1192,1301,1747,1774]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Haplochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="simba" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B952EAA2614EDA11FB7A51E6233CFAE4" bold="true" box="[1192,1301,1747,1774]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">H. simba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26157D9614EDA11FACE51E6235EFAE4" box="[1308,1399,1748,1774]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30D22E15614EDA11FF6F5024235EFBE2" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<paragraph id="8B9936B0614EDA11FF6F5024235EFB70" blockId="73.[189,1399,1814,2025]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<keyLead id="30D79585614EDA11FF6F5024235EFB70" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
8. Body pyriform; head convex and broad [HW 42.9–48.0 (45.1) % HL]; cheek deep [ChD 27.1–35.2 (30.9) % HL]; lower jaw broad [LJW 44.7–53.3 (49.3) % LJL]; dominant males grey dorsally and yellow ventrally (
<figureCitation id="131D2A35614EDA11FE6950522437FB70" box="[443,542,1888,1914]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="45.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[270,1318,265,1855]" captionTargetId="figure-12@45.[270,1318,265,1855]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="Fig. 24. Haplochromis kimondo sp. nov. a. Photograph of preserved holotype (RMCA 2019.002.P.0015; 152.4 mm SL). b. X-ray image of holotype.c–d. Photographs of freshly caught specimens.c. Holotype, a dominant male. d. Female (RMCA 2018.008.P.0364; 128.1 mm SL) to illustrate the live colour patterns. The contrast was slightly enhanced." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6484217" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6484217/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Fig. 24c</figureCitation>
) ..................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C264D33614EDA11FB575052233CFB70" authority="Vranken &amp; Steenberge &amp; Heylen &amp; Decru &amp; Snoeks, 2022" authorityName="Vranken &amp; Steenberge &amp; Heylen &amp; Decru &amp; Snoeks" authorityYear="2022" box="[1157,1301,1887,1914]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Haplochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kimondo" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B952EAA2614EDA11FB575052233CFB70" bold="true" box="[1157,1301,1887,1914]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">H. kimondo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26157D9614EDA11FACE5052235EFB70" box="[1308,1399,1888,1914]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9936B0614EDA11FF1350B7235EFBE2" blockId="73.[189,1399,1814,2025]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<keyLead id="30D79585614EDA11FF1350B7235EFBE2" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">– Body oval; head straight or slightly convex and narrow [HW 39.9–44.4 (42.6–43.4) % HL]; cheek shallow [ChD 22.4–28.0 (23.2–26.0) % HL]; lower jaw narrow [LJW 38.5–45.5 (40.8–42.5) % LJL]. .............................................................................................................................................. 9</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30D22E15614DDA12FF6F563B235EFDBA" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
<paragraph id="8B9936B0614DDA12FF6F563B235EFD60" blockId="74.[189,1399,264,433]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
<keyLead id="30D79585614DDA12FF6F563B235EFD60" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
9. Anal-fin base long [AFB 18.4–20.3 (19.3) % SL]; cheek deep [ChD 23.3–28.0 (26.0) % HL]; dominant males olive-green with an orange-red anterior part of flank and well-defined mid-lateral and dorsal-lateral bands (
<figureCitation id="131D2A35614DDA12FDC1567D2451FD63" box="[531,632,335,361]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="49.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[252,1333,265,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-12@49.[252,1333,264,1851]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="Fig. 27. Haplochromis falcatus sp. nov. a. Photograph of preserved holotype (RMCA 2018.008.P.0401; 101.3 mm SL). b. X-ray image of holotype. c–d. Photographs of freshly caught specimens. c. Dominant male (RMCA 2017.006.P.0416; 119.1 mm SL). d. Female (RMCA 2016.035.P.0257; 112.8 mm SL) to illustrate the live colour patterns. The contrast was slightly enhanced." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6484223" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6484223/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Fig. 27c</figureCitation>
). ......................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C264D33614DDA12FB5D5662233CFD60" authority="Vranken &amp; Steenberge &amp; Heylen &amp; Decru &amp; Snoeks, 2022" authorityName="Vranken &amp; Steenberge &amp; Heylen &amp; Decru &amp; Snoeks" authorityYear="2022" box="[1167,1301,335,362]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Haplochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="falcatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B952EAA2614DDA12FB5D5662233CFD60" bold="true" box="[1167,1301,335,362]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">H. falcatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26157D9614DDA12FACE5662235EFD60" box="[1308,1399,336,362]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9936B0614DDA12FF135641235EFDBA" blockId="74.[189,1399,264,433]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
<keyLead id="30D79585614DDA12FF135641235EFDBA" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
– Anal-fin base short [AFB 17.9–18.6 (18.3) % SL], cheek shallow [ChD 22.4–24.9 (23.2) % HL]; non-dominant males dusky greenish with 5–7 vertical stripes (
<figureCitation id="131D2A35614DDA12FC1756A42201FDBA" box="[965,1064,406,432]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="55.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[254,1332,265,1855]" captionTargetId="figure-12@55.[254,1332,265,1856]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="Fig. 30. Haplochromis curvidenssp. nov. a. Photograph of preserved holotype (RMCA 2016.035.P.0219; 112.0 mm SL). b. X-ray image of holotype. c–d. Photographs of freshly caught specimens. c. Holotype, an adult male. d. Female (RMCA 2018.008.P.0340); 90.2 mm SL) to illustrate the live colour patterns. The contrast was slightly enhanced." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6484229" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6484229/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Fig. 30c</figureCitation>
) ........
<taxonomicName id="4C264D33614DDA12FBA856A4233CFDBA" authority="Vranken &amp; Steenberge &amp; Heylen &amp; Decru &amp; Snoeks, 2022" authorityName="Vranken &amp; Steenberge &amp; Heylen &amp; Decru &amp; Snoeks" authorityYear="2022" box="[1146,1301,405,432]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Haplochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curvidens" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B952EAA2614DDA12FBA856A4233CFDBA" bold="true" box="[1146,1301,405,432]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">H. curvidens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26157D9614DDA12FACE56A4235EFDBA" box="[1308,1399,406,432]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</key>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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