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149 lines
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<document id="CED7A15812A451750D5FF48C0BADC1DD" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.277398" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fe2a64a7-57f3-49ef-bdc8-01e381ebdc45" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="277398" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460299220786" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Bonnet, Nadia Y. K. & Rocha, Rosana M." docDate="2011" docId="038F878EFFA0FFF40BB5FE4DFAB24D73" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02864p033.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2864" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Ascidia archaia Sluiter 1890" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="4" masterDocId="FFB6FFF6FFA2FFF70B22FFDFFFA0487F" masterDocTitle="The family Ascidiidae Herdman (Tunicata: Ascidiacea) in Bocas del Toro, Panama. Description of six new species" masterLastPageNumber="33" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1698252437224" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="7A16E7175BEE66377D047559315D0191">The family Ascidiidae Herdman (Tunicata: Ascidiacea) in Bocas del Toro, Panama. Description of six new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="584147B8E50327D3D58588401D35626A">Bonnet, Nadia Y. K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="54429DB0A82FFDDE16599AB38B30E939">Rocha, Rosana M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="C2B0A5FCB7AB0255C4736316626DAAE9">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="6E3BA69C0C050DC864D0881F8C0F055F">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="0CE5356CC347BE196A9D6D2BDDD6644B">2864</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="4CEA3ABA61CDBC50FCBC572FFF997A36" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.277398</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038F878EFFA0FFF40BB5FE4DFAB24D73" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6186561" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119399710" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6186561" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038F878EFFA0FFF40BB5FE4DFAB24D73" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038F878EFFA0FFF40BB5FE4DFAB24D73" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<subSubSection id="C33C6513FFA0FFF50BB5FE4DFF4B49B2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B993698FFA0FFF50BB5FE4DFE5749D3" blockId="2.[151,503,402,461]" box="[151,503,402,428]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<heading id="D0D181F4FFA0FFF50BB5FE4DFE5749D3" bold="true" box="[151,503,402,428]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C264D1BFFA0FFF50BB5FE4DFE5749D3" authority="Sluiter, 1890" authorityName="Sluiter" authorityYear="1890" box="[151,503,402,428]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="archaia">
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<emphasis id="B952EA8AFFA0FFF50BB5FE4DFE5749D3" bold="true" box="[151,503,402,428]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="B952EA8AFFA0FFF50BB5FE4DFEF549D3" bold="true" box="[151,341,402,428]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ascidia archaia</emphasis>
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Sluiter, 1890
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B993698FFA0FFF50BB5FE6AFF4B49B2" blockId="2.[151,503,402,461]" box="[151,235,437,461]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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(
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<figureCitation id="131D2A1DFFA0FFF50BBDFE6AFF4049B2" box="[159,224,437,461]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1938,1961]" captionTargetBox="[317,1269,766,1917]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[317,1270,766,1917]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Ascidia archaia Sluiter, 1890. A. Animal in the field. B. Right side of body (without tunic). C. Left side of body (without tunic). Scale bar: B, C = 0.5 cm. Credit of field picture: Arjan Gittenberger." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277399/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33C6513FFA0FFF40BB5FE22FBBB4BFF" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B993698FFA0FFF50BB5FE22FB7C4A6A" blockId="2.[151,1436,509,713]" box="[151,1244,509,534]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="B952EA8AFFA0FFF50BB5FE22FE204A69" bold="true" box="[151,384,509,534]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="ED37AE5DFFA0FFF50AA5FE21FE704A6A" box="[391,464,510,533]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">DZUP</collectionCode>
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<collectionCode id="ED37AE5DFFA0FFF50AF5FE22FDB04A6A" box="[471,528,509,533]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">ASC</collectionCode>
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58—1 ind.; City; on polyethylene recruitment plate;
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<date id="FF981058FFA0FFF50F79FE22FB794A6A" box="[1115,1241,509,533]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2009-11-12">12/xi/2009</date>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B993698FFA0FFF50BE5FDFEFA804AB6" blockId="2.[151,1436,509,713]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Individuals are usually small, around 1.0 cm long, oval in outline. This species is uncommon with only one specimen collected in this study. Living individuals are slightly red because the completely transparent and colorless tunic allows one to see the red vessels that branch within the tunic as well as the red transverse vessels of the pharynx. The reddish color stays for at least one month after fixing in formalin. In live animals the transverse vessels have bright white spots along the ventral region; these spots disappear in animals fixed in formalin.</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF596610FFA0FFF50BB5F84DFC4F4FB7" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277399/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" targetBox="[317,1269,766,1917]" targetPageId="2">
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<paragraph id="8B993698FFA0FFF50BB5F84DFC4F4FB7" blockId="2.[151,1436,1938,1992]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="B952EA8AFFA0FFF50BB5F84DFEB44FD7" bold="true" box="[151,276,1938,1961]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C264D1BFFA0FFF50A39F84CFDE94FD6" authority="Sluiter, 1890" authorityName="Sluiter" authorityYear="1890" box="[283,585,1939,1961]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="archaia">
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<emphasis id="B952EA8AFFA0FFF50A39F84CFE1C4FD6" box="[283,444,1939,1961]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ascidia archaia</emphasis>
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Sluiter, 1890
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</taxonomicName>
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. A. Animal in the field. B. Right side of body (without tunic). C. Left side of body (without tunic). Scale bar: B, C = 0.5 cm. Credit of field picture: Arjan Gittenberger.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8B993698FFA1FFF40BE7FF48FF564940" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1292]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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Characteristics agree with descriptions of animals from the Pacific (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B69FFA1FFF408C5FF48FB2B48D0" author="Tokioka" box="[999,1163,151,175]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Tokioka, T. (1953) Ascidians of Sagami Bay. Iwanami Shoten, Tokyo, 315 pp. + 79 plates." type="book" year="1953">Tokioka 1953</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B69FFA1FFF40FB9FF48FAFA48D0" author="Nishikawa" box="[1179,1370,151,175]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Nishikawa, T. (1986) Ascidians from the Gilbert and Solomon Islands and Nauru. I. Perophoridae, Ascidiidae and Corellidae. Proceedings of the Japanese Society of Systematic Zoology, 32, 30 - 78." type="journal article" year="1986">Nishikawa 1986</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B69FFA1FFF40E48FF47FF7048AB" author="Kott" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Kott, P. (1985) The Australian Ascidiacea. Part 1. Phlebobranchia and Stolidobranchia. Memories of the Queensland Museum, 23, 1 - 440." type="journal article" year="1985">Kott 1985</bibRefCitation>
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) and Atlantic Oceans (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B69FFA1FFF40AF6FF63FD2F48AB" author="Van" box="[468,655,188,212]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Van Name, W. G. (1945) The North and South American ascidians. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 84, 1 - 476." type="journal article" year="1945">Van Name 1945</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B69FFA1FFF409B9FF63FC9F48AB" author="Monniot" box="[667,831,188,212]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Monniot, C. (1983) Ascidies littorales de Guadeloupe 2. Phlebobranches. Bulletin du Museum Nationale d'Histoire Naturelle, 4 ser. Zool., 5 (1), 51 - 71." type="journal article" year="1983">Monniot 1983</bibRefCitation>
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). We report some differences here. The oral siphon is almost sessile, while the atrial siphon is 2.0 mm long and midway or slightly farther along the dorsal margin. Both siphons have eight wide and short rounded red lobes between each of which is one red spot. Lobes do not have projections.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B993698FFA1FFF40BE5FE93FD1249F8" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1292]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Body musculature is formed by few thin fibers that are oblique from the oral siphon to the middle of body. Muscles in the siphons form longitudinal bands.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B993698FFA1FFF40BE7FE4BFCD9498B" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1292]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Eighteen oral tentacles are in four sizes. A wide area separates the circle of oral tentacles from the prepharyngeal groove, which lacks papillae. The neural ganglion is close to the dorsal tubercle. The dorsal lamina is toothed. Long languets appear on the right side of the esophageal aperture.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B993698FFA1FFF40BE7FE20FCC94A20" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1292]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">The pharynx does not extend posteriorly to the stomach. The pharynx has 32 longitudinal vessels on the right side, 28 on the left, 63 transverse vessels and 4–6 stigmata per mesh. The primary papillae are short and rounded at the end and the secondary papillae are very small and triangular.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B993698FFA1FFF40BE7FDB3FBBF4B6B" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1292]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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The stomach is yellow in fresh specimens, with 4–5 internal folds. The intestine has a similar cross section throughout and forms two open loops and the anus has two smooth lips, 5.0 mm from the circle of oral tentacles. We confirm that round papillae form a band on the side of the stomach facing the atrial cavity and ascending the loop of the intestine, as described by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B69FFA1FFF40919FD08FD514A90" author="Monniot" box="[571,753,727,751]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Monniot, C. (1983) Ascidies littorales de Guadeloupe 2. Phlebobranches. Bulletin du Museum Nationale d'Histoire Naturelle, 4 ser. Zool., 5 (1), 51 - 71." type="journal article" year="1983">Monniot (1983)</bibRefCitation>
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. Each papillae is crowned by other diminutive round projections. Renal vesicles are visible only on the stomach wall facing the atrial cavity.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B993698FFA1FFF40BE7FCC0FBBB4BFF" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1292]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">The elongate ovary is lobed and completely enclosed within the primary loop of the intestine in a more or less vertical position. The elongate follicles of the testis are sparsely scattered on the external margin of the intestinal loop. Both gonoducts open side by side just posterior to the aperture of the anus.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33C6513FFA1FFF40BE5FC53FAB24D73" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B993698FFA1FFF40BE5FC53FAB24D73" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1292]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis id="B952EA8AFFA1FFF40BE5FC53FE9B4BDB" bold="true" box="[199,315,908,932]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Remarks.</emphasis>
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One individual was found in this study, and the body musculature, reduced number of oral tentacles and the ovary allow confirmation of the identification as compared with other descriptions. Nonetheless, morphological variations can be observed:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B69FFA1FFF40904FC0AFD094B93" author="Kott" box="[550,681,980,1004]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Kott, P. (1985) The Australian Ascidiacea. Part 1. Phlebobranchia and Stolidobranchia. Memories of the Queensland Museum, 23, 1 - 440." type="journal article" year="1985">Kott (1985)</bibRefCitation>
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commented on the presence of around 40 oral tentacles in animals from
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<collectingCountry id="F3317608FFA1FFF40BF6FC28FE9E4C70" box="[212,318,1015,1039]" name="Australia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Australia</collectingCountry>
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, while
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B69FFA1FFF40AAFFC28FD9E4C70" author="Monniot" box="[397,574,1015,1039]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Monniot, C. (1983) Ascidies littorales de Guadeloupe 2. Phlebobranches. Bulletin du Museum Nationale d'Histoire Naturelle, 4 ser. Zool., 5 (1), 51 - 71." type="journal article" year="1983">Monniot (1983)</bibRefCitation>
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described 30 tentacles in animals from
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<collectingCountry id="F3317608FFA1FFF408DBFC28FBD24C70" box="[1017,1138,1015,1039]" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Guadalupe</collectingCountry>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B69FFA1FFF40F8AFC28FAF44C70" box="[1192,1364,1015,1039]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Tokioka, T. (1953) Ascidians of Sagami Bay. Iwanami Shoten, Tokyo, 315 pp. + 79 plates." type="book">Tokioka (1953)</bibRefCitation>
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found 15 tentacles in samples from
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<collectingCountry id="F3317608FFA1FFF40AFCFBC2FD814C4B" box="[478,545,1053,1076]" name="Japan" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Japan</collectingCountry>
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. The two latter descriptions also spoke of fewer stigmata per mesh (3–5).
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<taxonomicName id="4C264D1BFFA1FFF40BB5FB9FFDE84C27" authority="Van Name, 1924" authorityName="Van Name" authorityYear="1924" box="[151,584,1088,1112]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="corelloides">
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<emphasis id="B952EA8AFFA1FFF40BB5FB9FFECE4C27" box="[151,366,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ascidia corelloides</emphasis>
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(Van Name, 1924)
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</taxonomicName>
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(Atlantic species) and
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<taxonomicName id="4C264D1BFFA1FFF4086CFB9FFB3B4C27" authority="Sluiter, 1904" authorityName="Sluiter" authorityYear="1904" box="[846,1179,1088,1112]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhabdophora">
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<emphasis id="B952EA8AFFA1FFF4086CFB9FFBA24C27" box="[846,1026,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">A. rhabdophora</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B69FFA1FFF40F29FB9FFB3B4C27" author="Sluiter" box="[1035,1179,1088,1112]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Sluiter, S. P. (1904) Die tunicaten der Siboga-Expedition. Pt. I. Die socialen und holosomen Ascidien. Siboga Expeditie, 56 A, 1 - 126." type="journal article" year="1904">Sluiter, 1904</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Pacific species) were synonymized by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B69FFA1FFF40A78FBBBFDA84C03" author="Tokioka" box="[346,520,1124,1148]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Tokioka, T. (1953) Ascidians of Sagami Bay. Iwanami Shoten, Tokyo, 315 pp. + 79 plates." type="book" year="1953">Tokioka (1953)</bibRefCitation>
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and both were synonymized to
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<taxonomicName id="4C264D1BFFA1FFF4085BFBBBFB214C03" authority="Kott 1985" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="1985" box="[889,1153,1124,1148]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="archaia">
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<emphasis id="B952EA8AFFA1FFF4085BFBBBFC504C03" box="[889,1008,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">A. archaia</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B69FFA1FFF40F22FBBBFBD94C03" author="Kott" box="[1024,1145,1124,1148]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Kott, P. (1985) The Australian Ascidiacea. Part 1. Phlebobranchia and Stolidobranchia. Memories of the Queensland Museum, 23, 1 - 440." type="journal article" year="1985">Kott 1985</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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. One difference with the original description of
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<taxonomicName id="4C264D1BFFA1FFF40ABEFB57FDF04CDF" box="[412,592,1160,1184]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhabdophora">
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<emphasis id="B952EA8AFFA1FFF40ABEFB57FDF04CDF" box="[412,592,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">A. rhabdophora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is that
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B69FFA1FFF40985FB57FCE54CDF" author="Sluiter" box="[679,837,1160,1184]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Sluiter, S. P. (1904) Die tunicaten der Siboga-Expedition. Pt. I. Die socialen und holosomen Ascidien. Siboga Expeditie, 56 A, 1 - 126." type="journal article" year="1904">Sluiter (1904)</bibRefCitation>
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described calcareous spicules in the tunic, but these were not found in this or any other study. The sample we dissected had white spots along transverse vessels of the pharynx and tests with hydrochloric acid proved that they were not calcareous. Therefore the synonymy is valid and the calcareous spicules described by Sluiter for
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C264D1BFFA1FFF409FEFB2BFC2E4D73" box="[732,910,1268,1292]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhabdophora">
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<emphasis id="B952EA8AFFA1FFF409FEFB2BFC2E4D73" box="[732,910,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">A. rhabdophora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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were probably only pigmentation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document>
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