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<document id="C65AC72642BB39BEBC8C8174656E7A6A" ID-CLB-Dataset="30246" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4410.2.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c099b7cc-9634-4455-b59e-d5a597998ee7" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1221580" ID-ZooBank="7A46BD51-20A9-4FDA-81FB-D771BA9011FC" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1524196250478" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Monniot, Françoise" docDate="2018" docId="038A4612FF83FFCEBEDEFDCF5705FB2E" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4410.2.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4410 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Symplegma brakenhielmi" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="302" masterDocId="FFB33E6AFF88FFC5BE49FFA3527EFFA4" masterDocTitle="Ascidians collected during the Madibenthos expedition in Martinique: 2. Stolidobranchia, Styelidae" masterLastPageNumber="318" masterPageNumber="291" pageNumber="302" updateTime="1698538334165" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="90CC0569A098C36E1D0901952E96EF7B">Ascidians collected during the Madibenthos expedition in Martinique: 2. Stolidobranchia, Styelidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9BBE459B1AB9A388D07F5F77CF3B2689">Monniot, Françoise</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="B8071FEE4F848A91E2A0682F2DC4E848">2018</mods:date>
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<treatment id="038A4612FF83FFCEBEDEFDCF5705FB2E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6485068" ID-GBIF-Taxon="143618755" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6485068" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038A4612FF83FFCEBEDEFDCF5705FB2E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A4612FF83FFCEBEDEFDCF5705FB2E" lastPageNumber="302" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">
<subSubSection id="C339A48FFF83FFCEBEDEFDCF5285FD03" pageId="11" pageNumber="302" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9CF704FF83FFCEBEDEFDCF50C3FD22" blockId="11.[151,701,620,679]" box="[151,701,620,646]" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">
<heading id="D0D44068FF83FFCEBEDEFDCF50C3FD22" bold="true" box="[151,701,620,646]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="302" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C238C87FF83FFCEBEDEFDCF50C3FD22" ID-CoL="53R5D" authority="(Michaelsen, 1904)" baseAuthorityName="Michaelsen" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[151,701,620,646]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Symplegma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="11" pageNumber="302" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brakenhielmi">
<emphasis id="B9572B16FF83FFCEBEDEFDCF50C3FD22" bold="true" box="[151,701,620,646]" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">
<emphasis id="B9572B16FF83FFCEBEDEFDCF53B5FD22" bold="true" box="[151,459,620,646]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">Symplegma brakenhielmi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB28AF5FF83FFCEBF93FDCF50CBFD22" box="[474,693,620,646]" pageId="11" pageNumber="302" refId="ref8397" refString="Michaelsen, W. (1904) Revision der kompositen Styeliden der Polyzoinen. Mitteilungen aus dem Naturhistorischen Museum in Hamburg, 21, 1 - 24." type="journal article">Michaelsen, 1904</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9CF704FF83FFCEBEDEFD2D5285FD03" blockId="11.[151,701,620,679]" box="[151,251,654,679]" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">
<figureCitation id="1318EB81FF83FFCEBEDEFD2D5285FD03" box="[151,251,654,679]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1909,1931]" captionTargetBox="[151,1420,1228,1883]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,1217,1887]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 10. A, Symplegma brakenhielmi zooid ventrally opened. B, Symplegma rubra zooid ventrally opened. Scale bars = 1mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221600/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">Fig. 10A</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C339A48FFF83FFCEBEDEFD755705FB2E" pageId="11" pageNumber="302" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B9CF704FF83FFCEBEDEFD755013FD48" blockId="11.[151,1414,726,840]" box="[151,621,726,748]" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">
<taxonomicName id="4C238C87FF83FFCEBEDEFD755013FD48" ID-CoL="359Q8" authority="Michaelsen, 1904" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1904" box="[151,621,726,748]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Diandrocarpa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="11" pageNumber="302" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brakenhielmi">
<emphasis id="B9572B16FF83FFCEBEDEFD7553CCFD48" box="[151,434,726,748]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">Diandrocarpa brakenhielmi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB28AF5FF83FFCEBFF0FD755013FD48" box="[441,621,726,748]" pageId="11" pageNumber="302" refId="ref8397" refString="Michaelsen, W. (1904) Revision der kompositen Styeliden der Polyzoinen. Mitteilungen aus dem Naturhistorischen Museum in Hamburg, 21, 1 - 24." type="journal article">Michaelsen, 1904</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9CF704FF83FFCEBEDEFD56538EFCAF" blockId="11.[151,1414,726,840]" box="[151,496,757,779]" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">
<emphasis id="B9572B16FF83FFCEBEDEFD565281FCAF" box="[151,255,757,779]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">Symplema</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C238C87FF83FFCEBF4CFD56538EFCAF" ID-CoL="53R5R" authority=": Van Name 1945" authorityName=": Van Name" authorityYear="1945" box="[261,496,757,779]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Symplegma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="11" pageNumber="302" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viride">
<emphasis id="B9572B16FF83FFCEBF4CFD56533EFCAF" box="[261,320,757,779]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">viride</emphasis>
: Van Name 1945
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9CF704FF83FFCEBEDEFCB75003FCEC" blockId="11.[151,1414,726,840]" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">
<taxonomicName id="4C238C87FF83FFCEBEDEFCB7502DFC8E" ID-CoL="53R5D" authority=": Monniot C. 1983" authorityName="Monniot C." authorityYear="1983" box="[151,595,788,810]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Symplegma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="11" pageNumber="302" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brakenhielmi">
<emphasis id="B9572B16FF83FFCEBEDEFCB753E9FC8E" box="[151,407,788,810]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">Symplegma brakenhielmi</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EFB28AF5FF83FFCEBFECFCB7502DFC8E" box="[421,595,788,810]" pageId="11" pageNumber="302" refId="ref8545" refString="Monniot, C. (1983) Ascidies littorales de Guadeloupe IV. Styelidae. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle Paris, Series 4, Zoology, 5 (2), 423 - 456." type="journal article">Monniot C. 1983</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and synonymy; Monniot C. &amp; F. 1997;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB28AF5FF83FFCEBDA1FCB756DFFC8E" box="[1000,1185,788,810]" pageId="11" pageNumber="302" refId="ref9033" refString="Monniot, F. (2016 b) Ascidians (Tunicata) of the French Guinea Expedition. Zootaxa, 4114 (3), 201 - 245. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4114.3.1" type="journal article">Monniot F. 2016b</bibRefCitation>
; Rocha &amp; Costa 2005. Stations: AM 34; AR 136 (MNHN S1 SYM 92)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9CF704FF83FFCEBEDEFCD65705FB2E" blockId="11.[151,1437,885,1162]" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">
The thin encrusting colonies are grey with a transparent tunic. The anatomy is that described by Van Name (1945),
<bibRefCitation id="EFB28AF5FF83FFCEBEDEFC3A530DFC16" box="[151,371,921,946]" pageId="11" pageNumber="302" refId="ref8545" refString="Monniot, C. (1983) Ascidies littorales de Guadeloupe IV. Styelidae. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle Paris, Series 4, Zoology, 5 (2), 423 - 456." type="journal article">Monniot C. (1983)</bibRefCitation>
, Monniot C. &amp; F. (1997). The branchial structure is characteristic; there are 4 longitudinal vessels on each side but 2 vessels on the left side do not reach the base of the branchial sac but join the dorsal lamina (
<figureCitation id="1318EB81FF83FFCEBEBCFC425321FC5E" box="[245,351,993,1018]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1909,1931]" captionTargetBox="[151,1420,1228,1883]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,1217,1887]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 10. A, Symplegma brakenhielmi zooid ventrally opened. B, Symplegma rubra zooid ventrally opened. Scale bars = 1mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221600/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">Fig. 10A</figureCitation>
). There are usually 9–11 rows of stigmata, sometimes 9 as in
<figureCitation id="1318EB81FF83FFCEBA62FC4256EAFC5E" box="[1067,1172,993,1018]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1909,1931]" captionTargetBox="[151,1420,1228,1883]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,1217,1887]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 10. A, Symplegma brakenhielmi zooid ventrally opened. B, Symplegma rubra zooid ventrally opened. Scale bars = 1mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221600/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">Fig. 10A</figureCitation>
. The testis vesicles are lobed and this peculiarity represents the main difference with
<taxonomicName id="4C238C87FF83FFCEBD23FBA551B2FBB9" ID-CoL="53R5R" authorityName=": Van Name" authorityYear="1945" box="[874,972,1029,1053]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Symplegma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="11" pageNumber="302" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viride">
<emphasis id="B9572B16FF83FFCEBD23FBA551B2FBB9" box="[874,972,1029,1053]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">S. viride</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
living the same habitat. The distinction between both species is not clear in the literature. A discussion concerning the Caribbean
<taxonomicName id="4C238C87FF83FFCEBAC6FB8A576EFBE5" ID-CoL="7Q3F8" authorityName="Herdman" authorityYear="1886" box="[1167,1296,1065,1089]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Symplegma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="11" pageNumber="302" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9572B16FF83FFCEBAC6FB8A576EFBE5" box="[1167,1296,1065,1089]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">Symplegma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species was given by
<bibRefCitation id="EFB28AF5FF83FFCEBF4AFBEE53A7FBC2" box="[259,473,1101,1126]" pageId="11" pageNumber="302" refId="ref8545" refString="Monniot, C. (1983) Ascidies littorales de Guadeloupe IV. Styelidae. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle Paris, Series 4, Zoology, 5 (2), 423 - 456." type="journal article">Monniot C. (1983)</bibRefCitation>
and also by Monniot C. &amp; F. (1997) with a new record of
<taxonomicName id="4C238C87FF83FFCEBAC9FBED574CFBC1" ID-CoL="53R5D" box="[1152,1330,1101,1125]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Symplegma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="11" pageNumber="302" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brakenhielmi">
<emphasis id="B9572B16FF83FFCEBAC9FBED574CFBC1" box="[1152,1330,1101,1125]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">S. brakenhielmi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Arabian Gulf. The general geographic distribution according to several authors’ citations cannot be ascertained.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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