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<mods:title id="A2CDAC4EF4F12EFEDE343E764802C818">The genus Tyrinthia Bates, 1866 in Ecuador (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Hemilophini)</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="BFCE4D488916A167798793BCFD1DCEC1" ID-CoL="59Z4W" authority="(Guerin-Meneville, 1855)" baseAuthorityName="Guerin-Meneville" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[151,694,221,247]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Tyrinthia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frontalis">
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<emphasis id="4ABAEAD98916A167798793BCFEDECEC1" bold="true" box="[151,373,221,247]" italics="true" pageId="1">Tyrinthia frontalis</emphasis>
(
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(
<figureCitation id="E0F52A4E8916A167798F939EFEBBCF2E" box="[159,272,255,280]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–10" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1943,1966]" captionTargetBox="[180,1407,199,1913]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[175,1410,195,1916]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–10. Tyrinthia frontalis. 1–5, male:1, dorsal habitus; 2, ventral habitus; 3, lateral habitus; 4, head, frontal view; 5, frontal tubercles and scape. 6–10, female: 6, dorsal habitus; 7, ventral habitus; 8, lateral habitus; 9, head, frontal view; 10, frontal tubercles and scape." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1094966/files/figure.png" pageId="1">Figs 1–10</figureCitation>
)
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<taxonomicName id="BFCE4D488916A16779879229FD36CF68" ID-CoL="3KPV4" authority="Guerin-Meneville, 1855: 601" authorityName="Guerin-Meneville" authorityPageNumber="601" authorityYear="1855" box="[151,669,328,350]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Hemilophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frontalis">
<emphasis id="4ABAEAD98916A16779879229FEC7CF68" box="[151,364,328,350]" italics="true" pageId="1">Hemilophus frontalis</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="F96F10DA8916A16778639229FD36CF68" author="Guerin-Meneville" box="[371,669,328,350]" page="601" pageId="1" year="1855">
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: 601
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.
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<taxonomicName id="BFCE4D488916A16779879207FEFACF4A" ID-CoL="59Z4W" baseAuthorityName="Guerin-Meneville" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[151,337,358,380]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Tyrinthia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frontalis">
<emphasis id="4ABAEAD98916A16779879207FEFACF4A" box="[151,337,358,380]" italics="true" pageId="1">Tyrinthia frontalis</emphasis>
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; 
<treatmentCitation id="F96F10DA8916A16778729206FDBECF4A" author="Bates" box="[354,533,358,380]" page="372" pageId="1" year="1866">
<bibRefCitation id="1C5F4B3A8916A16778729206FE4BCF4A" author="Bates" box="[354,480,358,380]" pageId="1" refString="Bates, H. W. (1866) XLIII. Contributions to an Insect Fauna of the Amazons Valley. Coleoptera: Longicornes. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 17 (3), 367 - 373." type="journal article" year="1866">Bates, 1866</bibRefCitation>
: 372
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; 
<treatmentCitation id="F96F10DA8916A1677B339207FCA2CF4A" author="Lacordaire" box="[547,777,358,380]" page="887" pageId="1" year="1872">
<bibRefCitation id="1C5F4B3A8916A1677B339207FD7DCF4A" author="Lacordaire" box="[547,726,358,380]" pageId="1" refString="Lacordaire, J. T. (1872) Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Genera des Coleopteres, ou expose methodiqueet critique de tous les genres proposes jusqu'ici dans cet ordre d'insectes. 9 (2). Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris, 520 pp. [pp. 411 - 930]" type="book chapter" year="1872">Lacordaire, 1872</bibRefCitation>
: 887
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(note); 
<treatmentCitation id="F96F10DA8916A1677A4F9207FBF6CF4A" author="Gemminger" box="[863,1117,358,380]" page="3209" pageId="1" year="1873">
<bibRefCitation id="1C5F4B3A8916A1677A4F9207FBB5CF4A" author="Gemminger" box="[863,1054,358,380]" pageId="1" refString="Gemminger, M. (1873) Cerambycidae (Lamiini). In: Gemminger, M. &amp; Harold, E., Catalogus Coleopterorum hucusque descriptorum synonymicus et systematicus. Vol. 10. Gummi, Monachii, pp. 2989 - 3232." type="book" year="1873">Gemminger, 1873</bibRefCitation>
: 3209
</treatmentCitation>
(cat.); 
<treatmentCitation id="F96F10DA8916A1677DBB9206FAF7CF4A" author="Bates" box="[1195,1372,358,380]" page="305" pageId="1" year="1881">
<bibRefCitation id="1C5F4B3A8916A1677DBB9206FA82CF4A" author="Bates" box="[1195,1321,358,380]" pageId="1" refString="Bates, H. W. (1881) Notes on longicorn Coleoptera. Revision of the aerenicides and amphionychides of tropical America. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 5, 8, 290 - 306." type="journal article" year="1881">Bates, 1881</bibRefCitation>
: 305
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(list); 
<treatmentCitation id="F96F10DA8916A16779D792E4FE0DCFAD" author="Aurivillius" box="[199,422,389,411]" page="586" pageId="1" year="1923">
<bibRefCitation id="1C5F4B3A8916A16779D792E4FEDCCFAD" author="Aurivillius" box="[199,375,389,411]" pageId="1" refString="Aurivillius, C. (1923) Coleopterorum Catalogus. Pars 74. Cerambycidae: Lamiinae. W. Junk, Berlin, pp. 323 - 704." type="journal article" year="1923">Aurivillius, 1923</bibRefCitation>
: 586
</treatmentCitation>
(cat.); 
<treatmentCitation id="F96F10DA8916A16778FE92E4FD74CFAD" author="Blackwelder" box="[494,735,389,411]" page="623" pageId="1" year="1946">
<bibRefCitation id="1C5F4B3A8916A16778FE92E4FD04CFAD" author="Blackwelder" box="[494,687,389,411]" pageId="1" refString="Blackwelder, R. E. (1946) Checklist of the coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies and South America. Part 4. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 185, 551 - 763." type="journal article" year="1946">Blackwelder, 1946</bibRefCitation>
: 623
</treatmentCitation>
(checklist); 
<treatmentCitation id="F96F10DA8916A1677A4C92E4FB88CFAD" author="Gilmour" box="[860,1059,389,411]" page="634" pageId="1" year="1965">
<bibRefCitation id="1C5F4B3A8916A1677A4C92E4FC58CFAD" author="Gilmour" box="[860,1011,389,411]" pageId="1" refString="Gilmour, E. F. (1965) Catalogue des Lamiaires du Monde (Col., Cerambycidae). 8 Lief. Museum G. Frey, Tutzingbei Munchen, 97 pp. [pp. 559 - 655]" type="book chapter" year="1965">Gilmour, 1965</bibRefCitation>
: 634
</treatmentCitation>
(cat.); 
<treatmentCitation id="F96F10DA8916A1677D7A92E4FA33CFAD" author="Martins" box="[1130,1432,389,411]" page="814" pageId="1" year="1991">
<bibRefCitation id="1C5F4B3A8916A1677D7A92E4FACECFAD" author="Martins" box="[1130,1381,389,411]" pageId="1" refString="Martins, U. R. &amp; Galileo, M. H. M. (1991) O genero Tyrinthia Bates, 1866 e generos afins (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Hemilophini). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 35 (4), 813 - 824." type="journal article" year="1991">Martins &amp; Galileo, 1991</bibRefCitation>
: 814
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="F96F10DA8916A16779D792C5FE5DCF8C" author="Monne" box="[199,502,420,442]" page="289" pageId="1" year="1994">
<bibRefCitation id="1C5F4B3A8916A16779D792C5FE6DCF8C" author="Monne" box="[199,454,420,442]" pageId="1" refString="Monne, M. A. &amp; Giesbert, E. F. (1994) Checklist of the Cerambycidae and Disteniidae (Coleoptera) of the Western Hemisphere. Wolfsgarden Books, Burbank, 409 pp." type="book" year="1994">Monné &amp; Giesbert, 1994</bibRefCitation>
: 289
</treatmentCitation>
(checklist); 
<treatmentCitation id="F96F10DA8916A1677B6492C5FC8BCF8C" author="Monne" box="[628,800,420,442]" page="10" pageId="1" year="1995">
<bibRefCitation id="1C5F4B3A8916A1677B6492C5FD54CF8C" author="Monne" box="[628,767,420,442]" pageId="1" refString="Monne, M. A. (1995) Catalogue of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of the Western Hemisphere. Part XX. Subfamily Lamiinae: Tribos Hemilophini, Aerenicini, Pretiliini, Falsamblesthiini and Calliini. Sociedade Brasileira de Entomologia, Sao Paulo, 120 pp." type="book" year="1995">Monné, 1995</bibRefCitation>
: 10
</treatmentCitation>
(cat.); 2005: 503 (cat.); 
<treatmentCitation id="F96F10DA8916A1677D0692C5FAEFCF8C" author="Martins" box="[1046,1348,420,442]" page="188" pageId="1" year="2014">
<bibRefCitation id="1C5F4B3A8916A1677D0692C5FAB9CF8C" author="Martins" box="[1046,1298,420,442]" pageId="1" refString="Martins, U. R. &amp; Galileo, M. H. M. (2014) Subfamilia Lamiinae. Hemilophini Thomson, 1868. Parte II. In: Martins, U. R. (Org.), Cerambycidae Sul-Americanos (Coleoptera). Taxonomia. Vol. 14. Sociedade Brasileira de Entomologia, Curitiba, pp. 3 - 296." type="book chapter" year="2014">Martins &amp; Galileo, 2014</bibRefCitation>
: 188
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; 
<treatmentCitation id="F96F10DA8916A1677C5E92C5FE86CFEE" author="Monne" page="444" pageId="1" year="2017">
<bibRefCitation id="1C5F4B3A8916A1677C5E92C5FF56CFEE" author="Monne" pageId="1" refString="Monne, M. A. (2017) Catalogue of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of the Neotropical Region. Part II. Subfamily Lamiinae. Available from: http: // www. cerambyxcat. com / (accessed 25 April 2017)" type="journal article" year="2017">Monné, 2017</bibRefCitation>
: 444
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(cat.).
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="30D465408916A16579879164FE40CDFE" lastPageId="3" pageId="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="787136CB8916A16779879164FD37CA23" blockId="1.[151,1437,517,2018]" pageId="1">
<emphasis id="4ABAEAD98916A16779879164FE96CC28" bold="true" box="[151,317,517,542]" pageId="1">Redescription</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="4ABAEAD98916A16778409164FE27CC28" bold="true" box="[336,396,517,542]" pageId="1">Male</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="E0F52A4E8916A16778B19164FDA0CC28" box="[417,523,517,542]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–10" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1943,1966]" captionTargetBox="[180,1407,199,1913]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[175,1410,195,1916]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–10. Tyrinthia frontalis. 1–5, male:1, dorsal habitus; 2, ventral habitus; 3, lateral habitus; 4, head, frontal view; 5, frontal tubercles and scape. 6–10, female: 6, dorsal habitus; 7, ventral habitus; 8, lateral habitus; 9, head, frontal view; 10, frontal tubercles and scape." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1094966/files/figure.png" pageId="1">Figs 1–5</figureCitation>
). Integument mostly yellowish-orange; anteclypeus reddish-brown; mandibles orange on basal 2/3 (more brownish at inferior margin of outer side), black on distal third; mouthparts orange except brownish labial palpomere II and maxillary palpomere III, and black last palpomeres; labrum black basally, gradually reddish-brown toward apex; apex of genae brownish toward ventral side, reddish-brown toward upper side; apex of antennal tubercles black; area behind eyes with black, transverse spot, gradually brownish toward prothorax; scape and pedicel black except orangish ventral side of scape; antennomere III black except yellowishorange basal ring; antennomere IV yellowish-orange except black distal ring; antennomere V black and remaining gradually dark brown; pronotum with central, triangular, large black maculae, not reaching distal margin (paler toward narrower area); sides of prothorax with wide, longitudinal, dark brown band, widened basally, reddishbrown between this band and pronotum; mesanepisternum, mesepimeron and metanepisternum dark brown, almost black, especially the latter; metaventrite black except yellowish-orange centro-basal area; each elytron dorsally with wide, longitudinal black band, somewhat narrowed on distal quarter, but widened and reaching suture close to apex; tibiae yellowish-orange on basal third, gradually black toward apex (light area reaching distal third ventrally); tarsi black; abdominal ventrites with dark brown, irregular, wide, longitudinal band on each side, somewhat fused at apex of ventrites II and III.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="787136CB8916A16779D79740FED7C964" blockId="1.[151,1437,517,2018]" pageId="1">
<emphasis id="4ABAEAD98916A16779D79740FEACCA0C" bold="true" box="[199,263,1057,1082]" pageId="1">Head</emphasis>
. Frons convex, with conical tubercle on each side of median groove between lower eye lobes; finely, shallowly, sparsely punctate; with yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument (silvery depending on angle of light source), interspersed with a few long, erect, yellowish-white setae close to lower eye lobes. Area between conical tubercles and upper eye lobes depressed; finely, shallowly punctate (punctures coarser, more distinct than on frons); with yellow pubescence not obscuring integument (longer, more distinct than on frons). Area of vertex between posterior margin of eyes and prothoracic margin not depressed, moderately finely, shallowly, sparsely punctate; with yellow pubescence not obscuring integument. Median groove distinct from clypeus to prothoracic margin. Antennal tubercles minutely, abundantly punctate, interspersed with fine punctures; with yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument, gradually sparser toward apex, and absent on centrodorsal area. Area behind upper eye lobes with dark pubescence close to eyes, partially obscuring integument, gradually yellower toward prothorax. Area behind lower eye lobes with yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument (silvery depending on angle of light source). Genae with pubescence as behind lower eye lobes, interspersed with long, erect yellowish-white setae toward ventral side, except glabrous, narrow distal area. Gulamentum smooth, glabrous, except distal area with nearly indistinct yellowish-white pubescence. Labrum coplanar with anteclypeus on basal 2/3, strongly inclined on distal third; finely, abundantly punctate; with long, erect brownish setae. Distance between upper eye lobes 0.37 times length of scape; in frontal view, distance between lower eye lobes 0.75 times length of scape. Antennae 2.15 times elytral length, reaching elytral apex at basal quarter of antennomere VI. Scape distinctly clavate, curveted basally; ventrally with erect, sparse yellowish setae. Antennomere III not widened, with long, erect, moderately abundant brownish setae ventrally; antennomere IV with long, erect, moderately sparse yellowish setae ventrally (brownish on distal dark area); remaining antennomeres with short, erect, sparse brownish setae ventrally. Antennal formula (ratio) based on length of antennomere III: scape = 0.47; pedicel = 0.10; IV = 0.65; V = 0.40; VI = 0.34; VII = 0.30; VIII = 0.29; IX = 0.27; X = 0.26; XI = 0.31.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="787136CB8916A16579D7943CFD87CC56" blockId="1.[151,1437,517,2018]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="3" pageId="1">
<emphasis id="4ABAEAD98916A16779D7943CFE8BC940" bold="true" box="[199,288,1885,1910]" pageId="1">Thorax</emphasis>
. Prothorax 1.34 times wider than long; sides rounded widened near middle. Pronotum with 3 gibbosities, one centrally, more distinct, subtriangular, placed on basal half, one subcircular, less distinct, placed on each side of middle; moderately finely, sparsely punctate centrally (denser basally), sparser, shallower laterally; with longitudinal, moderately wide white pubescent band on each side; remaining surface with yellow pubescence not obscuring integument, more brownish, less distinct on base of black area. Sides of prothorax moderately coarsely and abundantly punctate; with yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument. Ventral side of meso- and metathorax with yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument (silvery depending on angle of light source, especially on dark areas), except nearly glabrous central area of metaventrite; prosternal process narrow between coxae; margins distinctly elevate. Mesoventral process concave, about as wide as 1/4 of mesocoxae. Mesanepisternum and mesepimeron finely, sparsely punctate. Metanepisternum coarsely, sparsely punctate, interspersed with finer punctures. Metaventrite coarsely, moderately abundantly punctate laterally. Scutellum with yellowish pubescence partially obscuring integument. 
<emphasis id="4ABAEAD98914A1657AD792F5FBB8CF9B" bold="true" box="[967,1043,404,429]" pageId="3">Elytra</emphasis>
. Moderately coarsely, abundantly punctate; with slightly distinct, longitudinal striae dorsally; humeral carina moderately distinct from humerus to at about middle; with yellow pubescence not obscuring integument on light areas, and yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument on dark areas; with moderately short, erect, sparse yellowish setae; apex subtruncate. 
<emphasis id="4ABAEAD98914A16579879145FF64CC0B" bold="true" box="[151,207,548,573]" pageId="3">Legs</emphasis>
. Procoxae distinctly conical. Femora with yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument (silvery depending on angle of light source).
</paragraph>
<caption id="2CB166438915A164798794F6FE06C9DD" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1094966/files/figure.png" pageId="2" targetBox="[180,1407,199,1913]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="787136CB8915A164798794F6FE06C9DD" blockId="2.[151,1435,1943,2027]" pageId="2">
<emphasis id="4ABAEAD98915A164798794F6FEEAC99B" bold="true" box="[151,321,1943,1966]" pageId="2">FIGURES 1–10</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="BFCE4D488915A164785D94F9FDAEC998" baseAuthorityName="Guerin-Meneville" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[333,517,1944,1966]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Tyrinthia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frontalis">
<emphasis id="4ABAEAD98915A164785D94F9FDAEC998" box="[333,517,1944,1966]" italics="true" pageId="2">Tyrinthia frontalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="4ABAEAD98915A1647B0294F9FD93C99B" bold="true" box="[530,568,1944,1965]" pageId="2">1–5</emphasis>
, male: 
<emphasis id="4ABAEAD98915A1647B9394F9FD24C99B" bold="true" box="[643,655,1944,1965]" pageId="2">1</emphasis>
, dorsal habitus; 
<emphasis id="4ABAEAD98915A1647A2794F9FCEFC99B" bold="true" box="[823,836,1944,1965]" pageId="2">2</emphasis>
, ventral habitus; 
<emphasis id="4ABAEAD98915A1647AE494F9FBABC99B" bold="true" box="[1012,1024,1944,1965]" pageId="2">3</emphasis>
, lateral habitus; 
<emphasis id="4ABAEAD98915A1647DBA94F9FB1DC99B" bold="true" box="[1194,1206,1944,1965]" pageId="2">4</emphasis>
, head, frontal view; 
<emphasis id="4ABAEAD98915A1647C9994F9FA3EC99B" bold="true" box="[1417,1429,1944,1965]" pageId="2">5</emphasis>
, frontal tubercles and scape. 
<emphasis id="4ABAEAD98915A16478AD94D6FE5BC9FA" bold="true" box="[445,496,1975,1996]" pageId="2">6–10</emphasis>
, female: 
<emphasis id="4ABAEAD98915A1647B4494D6FDCAC9FA" bold="true" box="[596,609,1975,1996]" pageId="2">6</emphasis>
, dorsal habitus; 
<emphasis id="4ABAEAD98915A1647A0194D6FCB6C9FA" bold="true" box="[785,797,1975,1996]" pageId="2">7</emphasis>
, ventral habitus; 
<emphasis id="4ABAEAD98915A1647AC594D6FC49C9FA" bold="true" box="[981,994,1975,1996]" pageId="2">8</emphasis>
, lateral habitus; 
<emphasis id="4ABAEAD98915A1647D8394D6FB0BC9FA" bold="true" box="[1171,1184,1975,1996]" pageId="2">9</emphasis>
, head, frontal view; 
<emphasis id="4ABAEAD98915A1647C6C94D6FA3EC9FA" bold="true" box="[1404,1429,1975,1996]" pageId="2">10</emphasis>
, frontal tubercles and scape.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="787136CB8914A16579D7910DFC19CC9E" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3">
<emphasis id="4ABAEAD98914A16579D7910DFE97CCB3" bold="true" box="[199,316,620,645]" pageId="3">Abdomen</emphasis>
. Ventrites with yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument (silvery depending on angle of light source); apex of ventrite V truncate, slightly elevated centrally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="787136CB8914A16579D791D5FB38CD6B" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3">
<emphasis id="4ABAEAD98914A16579D791D5FEB5CCFB" bold="true" box="[199,286,692,717]" pageId="3">Female</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="E0F52A4E8914A165782091D5FE0CCCFB" box="[304,423,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–10" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1943,1966]" captionTargetBox="[180,1407,199,1913]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[175,1410,195,1916]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–10. Tyrinthia frontalis. 1–5, male:1, dorsal habitus; 2, ventral habitus; 3, lateral habitus; 4, head, frontal view; 5, frontal tubercles and scape. 6–10, female: 6, dorsal habitus; 7, ventral habitus; 8, lateral habitus; 9, head, frontal view; 10, frontal tubercles and scape." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1094966/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Figs 6–10</figureCitation>
). Area behind upper eye lobes entirely black; conical tubercles on frons only indicated; scape entirely black; sides of prothorax with transverse band black; antennae 1.43 times elytral length, reaching elytral apex at apex of antennomere VIII; antennomere III somewhat widened, with long, erect, dense black setae throughout, except basally with yellowish pubescence; abdominal ventrites II–IV entirely black except yellowishwhite sides; abdominal ventrite V entirely black; apex of abdominal ventrite V emarginate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="787136CB8914A16579D79006FE40CDFE" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3">
<emphasis id="4ABAEAD98914A16579D79006FD96CDB6" bold="true" box="[199,573,871,896]" pageId="3">Dimensions (mm), male/female</emphasis>
. Total length, 11.25/11.70; prothoracic length, 1.84/1.67; basal prothoracic width, 2.25/2.52; distal prothoracic width, 1.91/2.02; central prothoracic width, 2.47/2.38; humeral width, 3.15/ 3.46; elytral length, 8.41/9.13.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="30D465408914A16579D790B5FC99CA26" pageId="3" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="787136CB8914A16579D790B5FC99CA26" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3">
<emphasis id="4ABAEAD98914A16579D790B5FE12CDDB" bold="true" box="[199,441,980,1005]" pageId="3">Material examined.</emphasis>
ECUADOR, 
<emphasis id="4ABAEAD98914A1657B7790B4FD08CDDA" box="[615,675,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="3">Napo</emphasis>
: Cosanga (in 
<taxonomicName id="BFCE4D488914A1657A4B90B5FC7ACDDB" authorityName="F. Allamand ex Linnaeus" authorityYear="1771" box="[859,977,980,1005]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Clibadium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" phylum="Magnoliopsida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4ABAEAD98914A1657A4B90B5FC7ACDDB" box="[859,977,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="3">Clibadium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (
<taxonomicName id="BFCE4D488914A1657D0990B5FB31CDDA" box="[1049,1178,980,1004]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
)), 1 male, 1 female, 
<date id="0C70100B8914A16579879096FEB2CA26" box="[151,281,1015,1040]" pageId="3" value="2016-09-15">15.IX.2016</date>
, J. McClarin col. (respectively, QCAZ; MZSP).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="30D465408914A16279D7977DFE10CF2B" lastPageId="4" pageId="3" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="787136CB8914A16579D7977DFED0CB3B" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3">
<emphasis id="4ABAEAD98914A16579D7977DFE9FCA03" bold="true" box="[199,308,1052,1077]" pageId="3">Remarks</emphasis>
. The 
<typeStatus id="A77588698914A165786D977CFE06CA03" box="[381,429,1053,1077]" pageId="3">type</typeStatus>
locality of 
<taxonomicName id="BFCE4D488914A1657B2C977DFCA0CA03" baseAuthorityName="Guerin-Meneville" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[572,779,1052,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Tyrinthia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frontalis">
<emphasis id="4ABAEAD98914A1657B2C977DFCA0CA03" box="[572,779,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="3">Tyrinthia frontalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is uncertain, because 
<bibRefCitation id="1C5F4B3A8914A1657D05977DFA9FCA03" author="Guerin-Meneville" box="[1045,1332,1052,1077]" pageId="3" refString="Guerin-Meneville, F. E. (1855) Catalogue des insectes recueillis par M. Gaetano Osculati, pendant son exploration de la region equatoriale, sur les bords du Napo et l'Amazone. Verhandlungen der Zoologischen-Botanischen Gesellschaft, 5, 573 - 612." type="journal article" year="1855">Guérin-Méneville (1855)</bibRefCitation>
gave no precise locality of collection. Based on the title of the work where the species was described, it is only possible to say that the specimen is from some place in 
<collectingCountry id="00D9765B8914A1657B9D9705FD47CA4B" box="[653,748,1124,1149]" name="Ecuador" pageId="3">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="00D9765B8914A1657BE89704FC87CA4A" box="[760,812,1125,1148]" name="Peru" pageId="3">Peru</collectingCountry>
or 
<collectingCountry id="00D9765B8914A1657A429705FC30CA4B" box="[850,923,1124,1149]" name="Brazil" pageId="3">Brazil</collectingCountry>
: “…sur les bords du 
<collectingRegion id="BA0AF8298914A1657D999704FB6DCA4A" box="[1161,1222,1125,1148]" country="Ecuador" name="Napo" pageId="3">Napo</collectingRegion>
et de l’Amazone.” According to 
<bibRefCitation id="1C5F4B3A8914A165782497E8FE5BCA96" author="Papavero" box="[308,496,1160,1184]" pageId="3" refString="Papavero, N. (1973) Essays on the history of Neotropical Dipterology, with special reference to collectors (1750 - 1905). Vol. II. Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, iii + 230 pp. [pp. i - iii + 217 - 446]" type="book chapter" year="1973">Papavero (1973)</bibRefCitation>
on Gaetano Osculati’s travel: “After traversing the Isthmus of 
<collectingRegion id="BA0AF8298914A1657DD297E8FAB0CA96" box="[1218,1307,1161,1184]" country="Panama" name="Panama" pageId="3">
<collectingCountry id="00D9765B8914A1657DD297E8FAB0CA96" box="[1218,1307,1161,1184]" name="Panama" pageId="3">Panama</collectingCountry>
</collectingRegion>
he went to Guayuaquil and Quito, 
<collectingCountry id="00D9765B8914A165788E97CDFE55CAF3" box="[414,510,1196,1221]" name="Ecuador" pageId="3">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
. Crossing the Andes, he followed the 
<emphasis id="4ABAEAD98914A1657AB597CCFBBBCAF2" box="[933,1040,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="3">
<taxonomicName id="BFCE4D488914A1657AB597CCFC67CAF2" authorityName="Kirkaldy" authorityYear="1909" box="[933,972,1197,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Rio" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rio</taxonomicName>
<collectingRegion id="BA0AF8298914A1657AC397CCFBBBCAF2" box="[979,1040,1197,1220]" country="Ecuador" name="Napo" pageId="3">Napo</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
from its sources to its mouth in the 
<collectingRegion id="BA0AF8298914A165798797B1FEA1CAD1" box="[151,266,1232,1255]" country="Peru" name="Amazonas" pageId="3">
<emphasis id="4ABAEAD98914A165798797B1FEA1CAD1" box="[151,266,1232,1255]" italics="true" pageId="3">Amazonas</emphasis>
</collectingRegion>
, and through the later went to Belém…” 
<bibRefCitation id="1C5F4B3A8914A1657BC897AEFC2CCADE" author="Osculati" box="[728,903,1231,1256]" pageId="3" refString="Osculati, G. (1850) Esplorazione delle regione equatoriali lungo il Napo ed il fiume delle Amazzoni: frammento di un viaggio fatto nelle due Americhe negli anni 1846 - 47 - 48. Fratelli Centenari e comp., Milano, 396 pp." type="book chapter" year="1850">Osculati (1850)</bibRefCitation>
gave no indication of where the 
<typeStatus id="A77588698914A1657DE597AEFAFCCADE" box="[1269,1367,1231,1256]" pageId="3" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
could have been collected.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="787136CB8914A16579D79676FB40C842" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3">
According to 
<bibRefCitation id="1C5F4B3A8914A16578729676FD29CB06" author="Martins" box="[354,642,1303,1328]" pageId="3" refString="Martins, U. R. &amp; Galileo, M. H. M. (2014) Subfamilia Lamiinae. Hemilophini Thomson, 1868. Parte II. In: Martins, U. R. (Org.), Cerambycidae Sul-Americanos (Coleoptera). Taxonomia. Vol. 14. Sociedade Brasileira de Entomologia, Curitiba, pp. 3 - 296." type="book chapter" year="2014">Martins &amp; Galileo (2014)</bibRefCitation>
(translated): “ 
<bibRefCitation id="1C5F4B3A8914A1657A319679FBCFCB06" author="LACORDAIRE" box="[801,1124,1304,1328]" pageId="3" refString="Lacordaire, J. T. (1872) Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Genera des Coleopteres, ou expose methodiqueet critique de tous les genres proposes jusqu'ici dans cet ordre d'insectes. 9 (2). Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris, 520 pp. [pp. 411 - 930]" type="book chapter" year="1872">LACORDAIRE (1872: 887)</bibRefCitation>
cited 
<taxonomicName id="BFCE4D488914A1657DB89676FADFCB06" baseAuthorityName="Guerin-Meneville" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[1192,1396,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Tyrinthia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frontalis">
<emphasis id="4ABAEAD98914A1657DB89676FADFCB06" box="[1192,1396,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="3">Tyrinthia frontalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for 
<collectingRegion id="BA0AF8298914A1657987965DFEBACB62" box="[151,273,1340,1364]" country="Peru" name="Amazonas" pageId="3">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="1C5F4B3A8914A165780F965DFD4BCB62" author="MARTINS" box="[287,736,1340,1364]" pageId="3" refString="Martins, U. R. &amp; Galileo, M. H. M. (1991) O genero Tyrinthia Bates, 1866 e generos afins (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Hemilophini). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 35 (4), 813 - 824." type="journal article" year="1991" yearSuffix="e">MARTINS &amp; GALILEO (1991e: 814)</bibRefCitation>
mentioned it from 
<collectingCountry id="00D9765B8914A1657AD9965DFB80CB63" box="[969,1067,1340,1365]" name="Ecuador" pageId="3">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
.” Apparently 
<bibRefCitation id="1C5F4B3A8914A1657DDD965DFA37CB62" author="Lacordaire" box="[1229,1436,1340,1365]" pageId="3" refString="Lacordaire, J. T. (1872) Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Genera des Coleopteres, ou expose methodiqueet critique de tous les genres proposes jusqu'ici dans cet ordre d'insectes. 9 (2). Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris, 520 pp. [pp. 411 - 930]" type="book chapter" year="1872">Lacordaire (1872)</bibRefCitation>
really listed 
<taxonomicName id="BFCE4D488914A1657833963EFE44CB4E" baseAuthorityName="Guerin-Meneville" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[291,495,1375,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Tyrinthia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frontalis">
<emphasis id="4ABAEAD98914A1657833963EFE44CB4E" box="[291,495,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="3">Tyrinthia frontalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as from “ 
<collectingRegion id="BA0AF8298914A1657B4F9601FD79CB4E" box="[607,722,1376,1400]" country="Brazil" name="Amazonas" pageId="3">Amazone</collectingRegion>
”. Nevertheless, the citation by 
<bibRefCitation id="1C5F4B3A8914A1657D21963EFB56CB4E" author="Lacordaire" box="[1073,1277,1375,1400]" pageId="3" refString="Lacordaire, J. T. (1872) Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Genera des Coleopteres, ou expose methodiqueet critique de tous les genres proposes jusqu'ici dans cet ordre d'insectes. 9 (2). Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris, 520 pp. [pp. 411 - 930]" type="book chapter" year="1872">Lacordaire (1872)</bibRefCitation>
is completely chaotic and difficult to understand, because he used commas, semicolons and dashes without any sense: “ 
<emphasis id="4ABAEAD98914A1657C7096E4FA37CBAA" box="[1376,1436,1413,1436]" italics="true" pageId="3">Hem.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BFCE4D488914A165798796C6FEEFCBF6" authority=", Guer." authorityName="Guer." box="[151,324,1447,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Tyrinthia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frontalis">
<emphasis id="4ABAEAD98914A165798796C6FF5ECBF6" box="[151,245,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="3">frontalis</emphasis>
, Guér.
</taxonomicName>
-Ménev. Verhandl. d. Zool.-Bot. Ver. in Wien, V, p. 601; 
<collectingRegion id="BA0AF8298914A1657ACE96C9FBE7CBF6" box="[990,1100,1448,1472]" country="Brazil" name="Amazonas" pageId="3">Amazone</collectingRegion>
.— 
<emphasis id="4ABAEAD98914A1657D7C96C6FAEBCBF6" box="[1132,1344,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="3">
Cyphom. 
<taxonomicName id="BFCE4D488914A1657DCB96C9FAEBCBF6" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1868" box="[1243,1344,1448,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Cyphometopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infacetus">infacetus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, 
<collectingCountry id="00D9765B8914A1657C4196C6FA3CCBF6" box="[1361,1431,1447,1472]" name="Brazil" pageId="3">Brésil</collectingCountry>
; 
<emphasis id="4ABAEAD98914A165798796ADFEB1CBD3" box="[151,282,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="3">Lacordairei</emphasis>
, 
<collectingCountry id="00D9765B8914A165783A96ADFE37CBD3" box="[298,412,1484,1509]" name="Colombia" pageId="3">Colombie</collectingCountry>
; J. Thomson. Loc. Cit. p. 193.” However, as 
<taxonomicName id="BFCE4D488914A1657A8C96ADFAC3CBD3" authority="Thomson, 1868" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1868" box="[924,1384,1484,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Cyphometopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infacetus">
<emphasis id="4ABAEAD98914A1657A8C96ADFB1BCBD2" box="[924,1200,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="3">Cyphometopus infacetus</emphasis>
Thomson, 1868
</taxonomicName>
was described from “Brasilia”, without additional place, it makes more sense to assume that 
<bibRefCitation id="1C5F4B3A8914A1657D89968EFACCC83E" author="Lacordaire" box="[1177,1383,1519,1544]" pageId="3" refString="Lacordaire, J. T. (1872) Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Genera des Coleopteres, ou expose methodiqueet critique de tous les genres proposes jusqu'ici dans cet ordre d'insectes. 9 (2). Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris, 520 pp. [pp. 411 - 930]" type="book chapter" year="1872">Lacordaire (1872)</bibRefCitation>
was recording 
<taxonomicName id="BFCE4D488914A165781B9574FE26C81B" box="[267,397,1556,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Tyrinthia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frontalis">
<emphasis id="4ABAEAD98914A165781B9574FE26C81B" box="[267,397,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="3">H. frontalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from “ 
<collectingRegion id="BA0AF8298914A16578CF9575FDE4C81A" box="[479,591,1556,1580]" country="Brazil" name="Amazonas" pageId="3">Amazone</collectingRegion>
” and not 
<taxonomicName id="BFCE4D488914A1657BAF9574FCECC81A" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1868" box="[703,839,1556,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Cyphometopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infacetus">
<emphasis id="4ABAEAD98914A1657BAF9574FCECC81A" box="[703,839,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="3">C. infacetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="1C5F4B3A8914A1657A479575FB84C81A" author="Gemminger" box="[855,1071,1556,1581]" pageId="3" refString="Gemminger, M. (1873) Cerambycidae (Lamiini). In: Gemminger, M. &amp; Harold, E., Catalogus Coleopterorum hucusque descriptorum synonymicus et systematicus. Vol. 10. Gummi, Monachii, pp. 2989 - 3232." type="book" year="1873">Gemminger (1873)</bibRefCitation>
also recorded “Amazon” as the place where 
<taxonomicName id="BFCE4D488914A165783C9558FE01C866" box="[300,426,1591,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Tyrinthia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frontalis">
<emphasis id="4ABAEAD98914A165783C9558FE01C866" box="[300,426,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="3">T. frontalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
would occur. 
<bibRefCitation id="1C5F4B3A8914A1657B459558FD42C866" author="Bates" box="[597,745,1592,1616]" pageId="3" refString="Bates, H. W. (1881) Notes on longicorn Coleoptera. Revision of the aerenicides and amphionychides of tropical America. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 5, 8, 290 - 306." type="journal article" year="1881">Bates (1881)</bibRefCitation>
was the first to record the species from 
<collectingCountry id="00D9765B8914A1657DDE9556FA86C866" box="[1230,1325,1591,1616]" name="Ecuador" pageId="3">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
, and was followed by all authors until now, as from 
<collectingRegion id="BA0AF8298914A1657B63953CFD1BC842" box="[627,688,1629,1652]" country="Ecuador" name="Napo" pageId="3">Napo</collectingRegion>
or “bords du 
<collectingRegion id="BA0AF8298914A1657A5A953DFC22C842" box="[842,905,1628,1652]" country="Ecuador" name="Napo" pageId="3">Napo</collectingRegion>
” in this country (
<bibRefCitation id="1C5F4B3A8914A1657D5A953DFB4BC842" author="Monne" box="[1098,1248,1628,1652]" pageId="3" refString="Monne, M. A. (2017) Catalogue of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of the Neotropical Region. Part II. Subfamily Lamiinae. Available from: http: // www. cerambyxcat. com / (accessed 25 April 2017)" type="journal article" year="2017">Monné 2017</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="787136CB8914A16579D7951EFAE5C88B" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3">
Only the examination of the labels of the 
<typeStatus id="A77588698914A1657BB7951EFCA2C8AE" box="[679,777,1663,1688]" pageId="3" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
may provide a detailed place in northern South America. Thus, for the time being, the 
<typeStatus id="A77588698914A16578CC95C4FDA7C88B" box="[476,524,1701,1725]" pageId="3">type</typeStatus>
locality of 
<taxonomicName id="BFCE4D488914A1657B9C95C4FCAEC88B" box="[652,773,1700,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Tyrinthia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frontalis">
<emphasis id="4ABAEAD98914A1657B9C95C4FCAEC88B" box="[652,773,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="3">T. frontalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should be considered as “northern South America”.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="787136CB8914A16579D795A6FCFBC933" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3">
<taxonomicName id="BFCE4D488914A16579D795A6FE39C8D6" box="[199,402,1735,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Tyrinthia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frontalis">
<emphasis id="4ABAEAD98914A16579D795A6FE39C8D6" box="[199,402,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="3">Tyrinthia frontalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be easily separated from the other species of the genus by the dark longitudinal band on the elytra (not forming longitudinal band in the other species).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="787136CB8914A16579D7946EFA36C9EB" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3">
Although 
<bibRefCitation id="1C5F4B3A8914A1657829946EFDFFC91E" author="Guerin-Meneville" box="[313,596,1807,1832]" pageId="3" refString="Guerin-Meneville, F. E. (1855) Catalogue des insectes recueillis par M. Gaetano Osculati, pendant son exploration de la region equatoriale, sur les bords du Napo et l'Amazone. Verhandlungen der Zoologischen-Botanischen Gesellschaft, 5, 573 - 612." type="journal article" year="1855">Guérin-Méneville (1855)</bibRefCitation>
did not record the sex of the 
<typeStatus id="A77588698914A1657AB5946EFBA1C91E" box="[933,1034,1807,1832]" pageId="3" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, now we know it is a male, due the length of the antennomeres III–IV (the only remaining in the specimen), and also by the kind of pubescence on antennomere III (not covering the antennomere throughout), as well as not wider than IV. Formally, the couple described here are the only known specimens other than the 
<typeStatus id="A77588698914A1657A77941DFC66C9A3" box="[871,973,1916,1941]" pageId="3" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. According to 
<bibRefCitation id="1C5F4B3A8914A1657D6E941DFA37C9A3" author="Guerin-Meneville" box="[1150,1436,1916,1941]" pageId="3" refString="Guerin-Meneville, F. E. (1855) Catalogue des insectes recueillis par M. Gaetano Osculati, pendant son exploration de la region equatoriale, sur les bords du Napo et l'Amazone. Verhandlungen der Zoologischen-Botanischen Gesellschaft, 5, 573 - 612." type="journal article" year="1855">Guérin-Méneville (1855)</bibRefCitation>
(translated): “Antennae dark at base, yellow from antennomere IV, with the apex of each antennomere dark”; and “Legs yellow with tibiae and tarsi dark.” Unfortunately, the 
<typeStatus id="A77588698914A1657A4194A5FC18C9EB" box="[849,947,1988,2013]" pageId="3" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
has only the first four antennal segments.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="787136CB8913A162798793F6FE10CF2B" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,285]" pageId="4">
Thus, it is not possible to know if the original description is correct regarding antennomeres V–XI. As the antennal length was not recorded, it is not possible to know if they existed when the species was described. As for the color of the tibiae, it is possible to see in the photograph of the 
<typeStatus id="A77588698913A1627A0D93BEFCD4CECE" box="[797,895,223,248]" pageId="4" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(available at 
<bibRefCitation id="1C5F4B3A8913A1627D0793BEFB03CECE" author="Bezark" box="[1047,1192,223,248]" pageId="4" refString="Bezark, L. G. (2017) A photographic Catalog of the Cerambycidae of the New World. Available from: https: // apps 2. cdfa. ca. gov / publicApps / plant / bycidDB / wsearch. asp? w = n / (accessed 28 July 2017)" type="journal article" year="2017">Bezark 2017</bibRefCitation>
) that at least the right mesotibia is light on base.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>