<documentid="78ED022FF2AD6299B1122BFACECAFD7C"ID-CLB-Dataset="305512"ID-DOI="10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a19"ID-GBIF-Dataset="9ca4710e-3b4b-46b6-b796-8359d23437db"ID-ISSN="1777-571X"ID-Zenodo-Dep="12704231"ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:B6E7F1EA-13C3-4607-AB37-3DA0E11DF2C3"IM.bibliography_approvedBy="valdenar"IM.illustrations_approvedBy="valdenar"IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="valdenar"IM.metadata_approvedBy="valdenar"IM.tables_approvedBy="valdenar"IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="valdenar"IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar"checkinTime="1732639797130"checkinUser="felipe"docAuthor="Ducrocq, Stéphane, Yamee, Chotima, Rugbumrung, Mana, Chaimanee, Yaowalak & Jaeger, Jean-Jacques"docDate="2024"docId="740D0018790FC21C869A739DFBAAF9F6"docLanguage="en"docName="CRPalevol.23.19.257-268.pdf"docOrigin="Comptes Rendus Palevol 23 (19)"docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a19"docStyle="DocumentStyle:DACF86F01658A8850E13A63D98C287FD.1:CRPalevol.2020-.journal_article"docStyleId="DACF86F01658A8850E13A63D98C287FD"docStyleName="CRPalevol.2020-.journal_article"docStyleVersion="1"docTitle="Siamochoerus Ducrocq, Chaimanee, Suteethorn & Jaeger 1998"docType="treatment"docVersion="4"lastPageNumber="264"masterDocId="88347860790BC21586447708FFA9FFDB"masterDocTitle="New remains of Siamochoerus banmarkensis Ducrocq, Chaimanee, Suteethorn & Jaeger, 1998 (Artiodactyla: Suidae) from the late Eocene of Thailand"masterLastPageNumber="268"masterPageNumber="257"pageNumber="259"updateTime="1734625258982"updateUser="ExternalLinkService"zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:titleid="7D7DB42C6FD855C62F5E61CFDA2ACF34">New remains of Siamochoerus banmarkensis Ducrocq, Chaimanee, Suteethorn & Jaeger, 1998 (Artiodactyla: Suidae) from the late Eocene of Thailand</mods:title>
<taxonomicNameid="3BA4CA8D790FC211876F739CFDFEFB15"authority="Ducrocq, Chaimanee, Suteethorn & Jaeger, 1998"authorityName="Ducrocq, Chaimanee, Suteethorn & Jaeger"authorityYear="1998"class="Mammalia"family="Suidae"genus="Siamochoerus"higherTaxonomySource="GBIF"kingdom="Animalia"order="Artiodactyla"pageId="4"pageNumber="259"phylum="Chordata"rank="genus">
<bibRefCitationid="9835CCFF790FC21187FA739DFDFEFB15"author="DUCROCQ S. & CHAIMANEE Y. & SUTEETHORN V. & JAEGER J. - J."pageId="4"pageNumber="259"pagination="147 - 156"refId="ref7263"refString="DUCROCQ S., CHAIMANEE Y., SUTEETHORN V. & JAEGER J. - J. 1998. - The earliest known pig from the late Eocene of Thailand. Palaeontology 41 (1): 147 - 156. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 49739224"type="journal article"year="1998">Ducrocq, Chaimanee, Suteethorn & Jaeger, 1998</bibRefCitation>
<taxonomicNameid="3BA4CA8D790FC211876C73F9FE22FAFF"authority="Ducrocq, Chaimanee, Suteethorn & Jaeger, 1998"authorityName="Ducrocq, Chaimanee, Suteethorn & Jaeger"authorityYear="1998"class="Mammalia"genus="Siamochoerus"higherTaxonomySource="GBIF"kingdom="Animalia"order="Artiodactyla"pageId="4"pageNumber="259"phylum="Chordata"rank="species"species="banmarkensis">
<bibRefCitationid="9835CCFF790FC211847573FAFE22FAFF"author="DUCROCQ S. & CHAIMANEE Y. & SUTEETHORN V. & JAEGER J. - J."pageId="4"pageNumber="259"pagination="147 - 156"refId="ref7263"refString="DUCROCQ S., CHAIMANEE Y., SUTEETHORN V. & JAEGER J. - J. 1998. - The earliest known pig from the late Eocene of Thailand. Palaeontology 41 (1): 147 - 156. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 49739224"type="journal article"year="1998">Ducrocq, Chaimanee, Suteethorn & Jaeger, 1998</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="9835CCFF790FC21184717237FD30FA8C"author="LIU L."box="[565,665,1343,1367]"pageId="4"pageNumber="259"pagination="116 - 128"refId="ref7663"refString="LIU L. 2001. - Eocene suoids (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) from Bose and Yongle Basins, China, and the classification and evolution of the Paleogene suoids. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 39 (2): 116 - 128."type="journal article"year="2001">Liu, 2001</bibRefCitation>
<specimenCodeid="AC021975790FC21187167285FE04FA7E"box="[338,429,1421,1445]"collectionCode="TF"country="Thailand"name="Department of Mineral Resources"pageId="4"pageNumber="259">TF 2905</specimenCode>
<bibRefCitationid="9835CCFF790FC21186C7719AFF57F971"author="POMEL A."box="[131,254,1682,1706]"pageId="4"pageNumber="259"pagination="378 - 385"refId="ref8172"refString="POMEL A. 1847. - Note sur des animaux fossiles decouverts dans le departement de l'Allier (Addition au Memoire sur la geologie paleontologique, etc., Bull. 2 e serie, t. III, p. 353). Bulletin de la Societe geologique de France 2 e serie, 4: 378 - 385."type="book chapter"year="1847">
in size with small verrucosic lower canine (buccal side wider than the distal side), very short diastemata between c-p1 and p1-p2, p1-p3 without accessory cusps, p4 with a small metaconid and a moderately developed hypoconid. Lower molars with the mesial lobe wider than the distal lobe, and almost absent mesoconulid. Upper molars with a distinct centroconule and a small paraconule slightly mesial to the paracone and protocone, and divergent roots. Differs from
<bibRefCitationid="9835CCFF790FC211879A7043FDE8F8BF"author="LIU L."box="[478,577,1867,1892]"pageId="4"pageNumber="259"pagination="116 - 128"refId="ref7663"refString="LIU L. 2001. - Eocene suoids (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) from Bose and Yongle Basins, China, and the classification and evolution of the Paleogene suoids. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 39 (2): 116 - 128."type="journal article"year="2001">
in being smaller, in having mesial lobe wider than the distal one on m1 and m2, and in having buccal cuspids in line with the lingual ones. Differs from
<bibRefCitationid="9835CCFF790FC21187117093FE10F868"author="LIU L."box="[341,441,1947,1971]"pageId="4"pageNumber="259"pagination="116 - 128"refId="ref7663"refString="LIU L. 2001. - Eocene suoids (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) from Bose and Yongle Basins, China, and the classification and evolution of the Paleogene suoids. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 39 (2): 116 - 128."type="journal article"year="2001">Liu, 2001</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
by its less distally developed M3 with a centroconule. Differs from
<bibRefCitationid="9835CCFF790FC211849B70BDFF1EF833"author="LIU L."pageId="4"pageNumber="259"pagination="116 - 128"refId="ref7663"refString="LIU L. 2001. - Eocene suoids (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) from Bose and Yongle Basins, China, and the classification and evolution of the Paleogene suoids. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 39 (2): 116 - 128."type="journal article"year="2001">
The better-preserved mandibles (BM-04-09-30-1) still exhibit a complete dentition, and the horizontal ramus that displays a rather constant depth from p2 to m3 (depth under p2:
<figureCitationid="649FAD8B790FC211852A76FFFC17FDCA"box="[878,958,503,529]"captionStart="FIG"captionStartId="5.[131,142,1986,2003]"captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1823]"captionTargetId="figure-79@5.[698,1267,782,1351]"captionTargetPageId="5"captionText="FIG. 1. — Siamochoerus banmarkensis Ducrocq, Chaimanee, Suteethorn & Jaeger, 1998 from Bang Mark lignite pit, Krabi coal mine, late Eocene: A-C, right and left lower jaw (BM-04-09-30-1) in buccal (A), occlusal (B) and lingual (C) views. Scale bar: 1 cm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14530401"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14530401/files/figure.png"pageId="4"pageNumber="259">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="649FAD8B790FC21185E8753EFBB3FD8A"box="[940,1050,566,593]"captionStart="FIG"captionStartId="6.[133,143,1789,1806]"captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1736]"captionTargetId="figure-177@6.[698,1267,784,1356]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="FIG. 2. — Siamochoerus banmarkensis Ducrocq, Chaimanee, Suteethorn & Jaeger, 1998 from Bang Mark lignite pit, Krabi coal mine, late Eocene: A, B, lower incisors, canine and mandibular symphysis (BM-04-09-30-1) in lingual (A) and buccal (B) views; C, mandibular symphysis of right lower jaw (BM-06-08-03-5.2) in lingual view. Scale bars: 1 cm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14530407"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14530407/files/figure.png"pageId="4"pageNumber="259">Fig. 2A, C</figureCitation>
). The root of the ascending ramus rises behind the back of the m3, and the distal part of the coronoid apophysis that is still preserved on BM06-08-03-5.1 is vertical (
<figureCitationid="649FAD8B790FC211851F759EFC32FD6B"box="[859,923,662,688]"captionStart="FIG"captionStartId="7.[130,141,1756,1773]"captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1714]"captionTargetId="figure-204@7.[698,1267,776,1341]"captionTargetPageId="7"captionText="FIG. 3. — Siamochoerus banmarkensis Ducrocq, Chaimanee, Suteethorn & Jaeger, 1998 from Bang Mark lignite pit, Krabi coal mine, late Eocene: A-C, left lower jaw (BM-06-08-03-5.1) in lingual (A), occlusal (B) and buccal (C) views. Scale bar: 1 cm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14530413"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14530413/files/figure.png"pageId="4"pageNumber="259">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="649FAD8B790FC21182FE75DEFAA7FD2B"box="[1210,1294,726,752]"captionStart="FIG"captionStartId="5.[131,142,1986,2003]"captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1823]"captionTargetId="figure-79@5.[698,1267,782,1351]"captionTargetPageId="5"captionText="FIG. 1. — Siamochoerus banmarkensis Ducrocq, Chaimanee, Suteethorn & Jaeger, 1998 from Bang Mark lignite pit, Krabi coal mine, late Eocene: A-C, right and left lower jaw (BM-04-09-30-1) in buccal (A), occlusal (B) and lingual (C) views. Scale bar: 1 cm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14530401"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14530401/files/figure.png"pageId="4"pageNumber="259">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="649FAD8B790FC211831475FEFA36FCCB"box="[1360,1439,758,784]"captionStart="FIG"captionStartId="8.[132,143,1986,2003]"captionTargetBox="[143,1444,215,1878]"captionTargetId="figure-78@8.[700,1259,768,1324]"captionTargetPageId="8"captionText="FIG. 4. — Siamochoerus banmarkensis Ducrocq,Chaimanee,Suteethorn & Jaeger,1998 from Bang Mark lignite pit, Krabi coal mine, late Eocene:A-C, right lower jaw (BM-06-08-03-5.2) in buccal (A), occlusal (B) and lingual (C) views. Scale bar: 1 cm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14530419"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14530419/files/figure.png"pageId="4"pageNumber="259">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
The three incisors are forwardly protruding, spatulate and mesiodistally short, the i1 being the longest with a horizontal apex. Its buccal face is convex and its lingual face is concave with a longitudinal central ridge extending from the cervix to about
under the apex. The i2 is slightly shorter than the i1 and displays a similar shape except for its oblique apex higher mesially than distally. It also exhibits a central longitudinal ridge on its lingual face that extends from the cervix to about
under the apex. The i3 is the smallest incisor with a shorter and oval-shaped crown in buccal view. It is a smaller version of the i2 rather than a triangular tooth in lateral view. The buccal face is convex and the concave lingual face also displays a central ridge that ends on a very slight enamel swelling above the cervix. There is no diastema between the incisors (
<figureCitationid="649FAD8B790FC21185CA73DCFC67FB35"box="[910,974,1236,1262]"captionStart="FIG"captionStartId="5.[131,142,1986,2003]"captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1823]"captionTargetId="figure-79@5.[698,1267,782,1351]"captionTargetPageId="5"captionText="FIG. 1. — Siamochoerus banmarkensis Ducrocq, Chaimanee, Suteethorn & Jaeger, 1998 from Bang Mark lignite pit, Krabi coal mine, late Eocene: A-C, right and left lower jaw (BM-04-09-30-1) in buccal (A), occlusal (B) and lingual (C) views. Scale bar: 1 cm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14530401"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14530401/files/figure.png"pageId="4"pageNumber="259">Figs 1</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="649FAD8B790FC21185C9729BFC6EFA75"box="[909,967,1427,1454]"captionStart="FIG"captionStartId="5.[131,142,1986,2003]"captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1823]"captionTargetId="figure-79@5.[698,1267,782,1351]"captionTargetPageId="5"captionText="FIG. 1. — Siamochoerus banmarkensis Ducrocq, Chaimanee, Suteethorn & Jaeger, 1998 from Bang Mark lignite pit, Krabi coal mine, late Eocene: A-C, right and left lower jaw (BM-04-09-30-1) in buccal (A), occlusal (B) and lingual (C) views. Scale bar: 1 cm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14530401"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14530401/files/figure.png"pageId="4"pageNumber="259">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
A-C). It is difficult to attribute BM-04-09-30-1 to a male or a female on the basis of the canine size because it is the only known mandible that preserve this tooth and sexual dimorphism is thus unknown. In addition, the size of male and female canines might have been smaller in primitive suoids than in younger taxa.
) between the canine and the p1. The p1 is a small and very simple tooth with only one root preserved. It is triangular in lateral view. The buccal face is convex and the lingual face is concave. The apex is broken but two mesial and distal cristids can be distinguished on the crown (
<figureCitationid="649FAD8B790FC211858871FAFB89F8D7"box="[972,1056,1778,1804]"captionStart="FIG"captionStartId="5.[131,142,1986,2003]"captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1823]"captionTargetId="figure-79@5.[698,1267,782,1351]"captionTargetPageId="5"captionText="FIG. 1. — Siamochoerus banmarkensis Ducrocq, Chaimanee, Suteethorn & Jaeger, 1998 from Bang Mark lignite pit, Krabi coal mine, late Eocene: A-C, right and left lower jaw (BM-04-09-30-1) in buccal (A), occlusal (B) and lingual (C) views. Scale bar: 1 cm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14530401"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14530401/files/figure.png"pageId="4"pageNumber="259">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
. It is a triangular narrow tooth with two roots and the apex above the gap between both roots. The mesial half of the crown is damaged on BM-04-09-30-1 (
<figureCitationid="649FAD8B790FC2118342707AFAFEF857"box="[1286,1367,1906,1932]"captionStart="FIG"captionStartId="5.[131,142,1986,2003]"captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1823]"captionTargetId="figure-79@5.[698,1267,782,1351]"captionTargetPageId="5"captionText="FIG. 1. — Siamochoerus banmarkensis Ducrocq, Chaimanee, Suteethorn & Jaeger, 1998 from Bang Mark lignite pit, Krabi coal mine, late Eocene: A-C, right and left lower jaw (BM-04-09-30-1) in buccal (A), occlusal (B) and lingual (C) views. Scale bar: 1 cm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14530401"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14530401/files/figure.png"pageId="4"pageNumber="259">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
) but on the specimens that are better preserved (BM-06-08-03-5.1 and BM-06-08-03-5.2 that very likely belong to the same individual) two slight mesial and distal cristids are present that connect the apex and the mesial and distal end of the crown respectively (
<figureCitationid="649FAD8B790DC213871F709AFE35F877"box="[347,412,1938,1964]"captionStart="FIG"captionStartId="7.[130,141,1756,1773]"captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1714]"captionTargetId="figure-204@7.[698,1267,776,1341]"captionTargetPageId="7"captionText="FIG. 3. — Siamochoerus banmarkensis Ducrocq, Chaimanee, Suteethorn & Jaeger, 1998 from Bang Mark lignite pit, Krabi coal mine, late Eocene: A-C, left lower jaw (BM-06-08-03-5.1) in lingual (A), occlusal (B) and buccal (C) views. Scale bar: 1 cm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14530413"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14530413/files/figure.png"pageId="6"pageNumber="261">Figs 3</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="649FAD8B790DC21387EF709AFE10F877"box="[427,441,1938,1964]"captionStart="FIG"captionStartId="8.[132,143,1986,2003]"captionTargetBox="[143,1444,215,1878]"captionTargetId="figure-78@8.[700,1259,768,1324]"captionTargetPageId="8"captionText="FIG. 4. — Siamochoerus banmarkensis Ducrocq,Chaimanee,Suteethorn & Jaeger,1998 from Bang Mark lignite pit, Krabi coal mine, late Eocene:A-C, right lower jaw (BM-06-08-03-5.2) in buccal (A), occlusal (B) and lingual (C) views. Scale bar: 1 cm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14530419"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14530419/files/figure.png"pageId="6"pageNumber="261">4</figureCitation>
). There is no extended talonid distally, but a very small enamel spur meets the distal cristid. The buccal face is convex and the lingual face is concave.
<taxonomicNameid="3BA4CA8D790EC210869670CAFCF4F808"authority="Ducrocq, Chaimanee, Suteethorn & Jaeger, 1998"authorityName="Ducrocq, Chaimanee, Suteethorn & Jaeger"authorityYear="1998"box="[210,861,1986,2003]"class="Mammalia"genus="Siamochoerus"higherTaxonomySource="GBIF"kingdom="Animalia"order="Artiodactyla"pageId="5"pageNumber="260"phylum="Chordata"rank="species"species="banmarkensis">
<bibRefCitationid="9835CCFF790EC210878170CAFCF4F808"author="DUCROCQ S. & CHAIMANEE Y. & SUTEETHORN V. & JAEGER J. - J."box="[453,861,1986,2003]"pageId="5"pageNumber="260"pagination="147 - 156"refId="ref7263"refString="DUCROCQ S., CHAIMANEE Y., SUTEETHORN V. & JAEGER J. - J. 1998. - The earliest known pig from the late Eocene of Thailand. Palaeontology 41 (1): 147 - 156. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 49739224"type="journal article"year="1998">Ducrocq, Chaimanee, Suteethorn & Jaeger, 1998</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from Bang Mark lignite pit, Krabi coal mine, late Eocene:
<taxonomicNameid="3BA4CA8D790DC213869271F5FCC3F8D5"authority="Ducrocq, Chaimanee, Suteethorn & Jaeger, 1998"authorityName="Ducrocq, Chaimanee, Suteethorn & Jaeger"authorityYear="1998"box="[214,874,1789,1806]"class="Mammalia"genus="Siamochoerus"higherTaxonomySource="GBIF"kingdom="Animalia"order="Artiodactyla"pageId="6"pageNumber="261"phylum="Chordata"rank="species"species="banmarkensis">
<bibRefCitationid="9835CCFF790DC213878871F5FCC3F8D5"author="DUCROCQ S. & CHAIMANEE Y. & SUTEETHORN V. & JAEGER J. - J."box="[460,874,1789,1806]"pageId="6"pageNumber="261"pagination="147 - 156"refId="ref7263"refString="DUCROCQ S., CHAIMANEE Y., SUTEETHORN V. & JAEGER J. - J. 1998. - The earliest known pig from the late Eocene of Thailand. Palaeontology 41 (1): 147 - 156. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 49739224"type="journal article"year="1998">Ducrocq, Chaimanee, Suteethorn & Jaeger, 1998</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from Bang Mark lignite pit, Krabi coal mine, late Eocene:
The lower p3-p4 and molars have been described in detail in
<bibRefCitationid="9835CCFF790DC213856F709AFBA3F877"author="DUCROCQ S. & CHAIMANEE Y. & SUTEETHORN V. & JAEGER J. - J."box="[811,1034,1938,1964]"pageId="6"pageNumber="261"pagination="147 - 156"refId="ref7263"refString="DUCROCQ S., CHAIMANEE Y., SUTEETHORN V. & JAEGER J. - J. 1998. - The earliest known pig from the late Eocene of Thailand. Palaeontology 41 (1): 147 - 156. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 49739224"type="journal article"year="1998">
, and only variations in their morphology and additional characters that were not observed because of the preservation of the original material will be added here.
<taxonomicNameid="3BA4CA8D790CC212869671D4FCF5F936"authority="Ducrocq, Chaimanee, Suteethorn & Jaeger, 1998"authorityName="Ducrocq, Chaimanee, Suteethorn & Jaeger"authorityYear="1998"box="[210,860,1756,1773]"class="Mammalia"genus="Siamochoerus"higherTaxonomySource="GBIF"kingdom="Animalia"order="Artiodactyla"pageId="7"pageNumber="262"phylum="Chordata"rank="species"species="banmarkensis">
<bibRefCitationid="9835CCFF790CC212878071D4FCF5F936"author="DUCROCQ S. & CHAIMANEE Y. & SUTEETHORN V. & JAEGER J. - J."box="[452,860,1756,1773]"pageId="7"pageNumber="262"pagination="147 - 156"refId="ref7263"refString="DUCROCQ S., CHAIMANEE Y., SUTEETHORN V. & JAEGER J. - J. 1998. - The earliest known pig from the late Eocene of Thailand. Palaeontology 41 (1): 147 - 156. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 49739224"type="journal article"year="1998">Ducrocq, Chaimanee, Suteethorn & Jaeger, 1998</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from Bang Mark lignite pit, Krabi coal mine, late Eocene:
The p3 and p4 on BM-04-09-30-1 exhibit a triangular crown, a convex buccal face and a concave lingual face, and a small metaconid on the lingual face of the p4 slightly distal to the main cuspid. The talonid part is weakly developed and there is no distinct paraconid, but a very slight mesiodistal enamel swelling at the end of the preprotocristid (
<figureCitationid="649FAD8B790CC212840F70D9FD20F837"box="[587,649,2001,2028]"captionStart="FIG"captionStartId="5.[131,142,1986,2003]"captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1823]"captionTargetId="figure-79@5.[698,1267,782,1351]"captionTargetPageId="5"captionText="FIG. 1. — Siamochoerus banmarkensis Ducrocq, Chaimanee, Suteethorn & Jaeger, 1998 from Bang Mark lignite pit, Krabi coal mine, late Eocene: A-C, right and left lower jaw (BM-04-09-30-1) in buccal (A), occlusal (B) and lingual (C) views. Scale bar: 1 cm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14530401"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14530401/files/figure.png"pageId="7"pageNumber="262">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="9835CCFF790CC2128572707AFBBAF857"author="DUCROCQ S. & CHAIMANEE Y. & SUTEETHORN V. & JAEGER J. - J."box="[822,1043,1906,1932]"pageId="7"pageNumber="262"pagination="147 - 156"refId="ref7263"refString="DUCROCQ S., CHAIMANEE Y., SUTEETHORN V. & JAEGER J. - J. 1998. - The earliest known pig from the late Eocene of Thailand. Palaeontology 41 (1): 147 - 156. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 49739224"type="journal article"year="1998">
, such as its less well developed preprotocristid and postprotocristid, but the wear facet on the distal face of the protoconid might be responsible for the less distinct development of the postprotocristid (
<figureCitationid="649FAD8B7902C21C8704723CFE3DFA95"box="[320,404,1332,1359]"captionStart="FIG"captionStartId="10.[134,143,1642,1659]"captionTargetBox="[132,1456,175,1613]"captionTargetId="figure-292@10.[698,1267,764,1316]"captionTargetPageId="10"captionText="FIG. 5. — Siamochoerus banmarkensis Ducrocq, Chaimanee, Suteethorn & Jaeger, 1998 from Bang Mark lignite pit, Krabi coal mine, late Eocene: A, B, right M3 (BM-04-07-26-1a) in occlusal view; C, D, right M3 (BM-06-08-04-2) in occlusal view; E, F, left M3 (BM-06-08-04-3) in occlusal view; G, H, right M1 (BM-06-08- 04-5) in occlusal view; I, J, left fragmentary maxilla with M2-M3 (TF 2907) in buccal (I) and occluso-lingual (J) views; K, left m3 (BM-04-07-26-1b) in occlusal view. Scale bars: 1 cm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14530423"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14530423/files/figure.png"pageId="9"pageNumber="264">Fig. 5K</figureCitation>
<taxonomicNameid="3BA4CA8D7903C21D869670CAFCF0F808"authority="Ducrocq, Chaimanee, Suteethorn & Jaeger, 1998"authorityName="Ducrocq, Chaimanee, Suteethorn & Jaeger"authorityYear="1998"box="[210,857,1986,2003]"class="Mammalia"genus="Siamochoerus"higherTaxonomySource="GBIF"kingdom="Animalia"order="Artiodactyla"pageId="8"pageNumber="263"phylum="Chordata"rank="species"species="banmarkensis">
<bibRefCitationid="9835CCFF7903C21D878770CAFCF0F808"author="DUCROCQ S. & CHAIMANEE Y. & SUTEETHORN V. & JAEGER J. - J."box="[451,857,1986,2003]"pageId="8"pageNumber="263"pagination="147 - 156"refId="ref7263"refString="DUCROCQ S., CHAIMANEE Y., SUTEETHORN V. & JAEGER J. - J. 1998. - The earliest known pig from the late Eocene of Thailand. Palaeontology 41 (1): 147 - 156. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 49739224"type="journal article"year="1998">Ducrocq,Chaimanee,Suteethorn & Jaeger,1998</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from Bang Mark lignite pit, Krabi coal mine, late Eocene:
<taxonomicNameid="3BA4CA8D7902C21C86A277D3FCD4FF37"authority="Ducrocq, Chaimanee, Suteethorn & Jaeger, 1998"authorityName="Ducrocq, Chaimanee, Suteethorn & Jaeger"authorityYear="1998"box="[230,893,219,236]"class="Mammalia"genus="Siamochoerus"higherTaxonomySource="GBIF"kingdom="Animalia"order="Artiodactyla"pageId="9"pageNumber="264"phylum="Chordata"rank="species"species="banmarkensis">
<bibRefCitationid="9835CCFF7902C21C879877D3FCD4FF37"author="DUCROCQ S. & CHAIMANEE Y. & SUTEETHORN V. & JAEGER J. - J."box="[476,893,219,236]"pageId="9"pageNumber="264"pagination="147 - 156"refId="ref7263"refString="DUCROCQ S., CHAIMANEE Y., SUTEETHORN V. & JAEGER J. - J. 1998. - The earliest known pig from the late Eocene of Thailand. Palaeontology 41 (1): 147 - 156. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 49739224"type="journal article"year="1998">Ducrocq, Chaimanee, Suteethorn & Jaeger, 1998</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Measurements (mm) of dental remains from Bang Mark lignite pit. Length:mesio-distal diameter for lower incisors, length of lingual side of the crown for lower canines,mesio-distal length for premolars and molars. Abbreviations:
<bibRefCitationid="9835CCFF7902C21C87967601FD29FEC1"author="VAN DER MADE J."box="[466,640,265,282]"pageId="9"pageNumber="264"pagination="3 - 254"refId="ref8448"refString="VAN DER MADE J. 1996 b. - Listriodontinae (Suidae, Mammalia), their evolution, systematics and distribution in time and space. Contributions to Tertiary and Quaternary Geology 33 (1 - 4): 3 - 254."type="journal article"year="1996">van der Made 1996b</bibRefCitation>
<taxonomicNameid="3BA4CA8D7902C21C8729725CFDA4FAB5"authorityName="Ducrocq, Chaimanee, Suteethorn & Jaeger"authorityYear="1998"box="[365,525,1364,1390]"class="Mammalia"genus="Siamochoerus"higherTaxonomySource="GBIF"kingdom="Animalia"order="Artiodactyla"pageId="9"pageNumber="264"phylum="Chordata"rank="species"species="banmarkensis">
<bibRefCitationid="9835CCFF7902C21C86C9727CFEC4FA55"author="DUCROCQ S. & CHAIMANEE Y. & SUTEETHORN V. & JAEGER J. - J."box="[141,365,1396,1422]"pageId="9"pageNumber="264"pagination="147 - 156"refId="ref7263"refString="DUCROCQ S., CHAIMANEE Y., SUTEETHORN V. & JAEGER J. - J. 1998. - The earliest known pig from the late Eocene of Thailand. Palaeontology 41 (1): 147 - 156. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 49739224"type="journal article"year="1998">
) are longitudinally cracked and their morphology is thus not known with accuracy. For example, it was noticed that there were no well-defined accessory cusps. The new material is thus described here in more detail. Three M3’s and a possible M1 are present in the new material. The M3 is narrower distally than mesially with the buccal cusps more mesially situated than the lingual ones. The paracone is the largest cusp and a small centroconule is present mesiobuccally to the metaconule (this cusp was not visible on TF 2907 due to the preservation of the molars). A very small paraconule occurs slightly mesial to the paracone and the protocone and is merged in the preparacrista, but tends to disappear with wear. A cingulum is present mesially and distally and is variably developed under the metaconule (strong on BM-06-08-04-2 and weak on BM-06-08-04-5 and BM-04-07-26-1a). The distal part on the M3 is represented by a small distostyle that is often connected to the distal end of the postmetacristule (
<figureCitationid="649FAD8B7902C21C844C709AFDE0F876"box="[520,585,1938,1965]"captionStart="FIG"captionStartId="10.[134,143,1642,1659]"captionTargetBox="[132,1456,175,1613]"captionTargetId="figure-292@10.[698,1267,764,1316]"captionTargetPageId="10"captionText="FIG. 5. — Siamochoerus banmarkensis Ducrocq, Chaimanee, Suteethorn & Jaeger, 1998 from Bang Mark lignite pit, Krabi coal mine, late Eocene: A, B, right M3 (BM-04-07-26-1a) in occlusal view; C, D, right M3 (BM-06-08-04-2) in occlusal view; E, F, left M3 (BM-06-08-04-3) in occlusal view; G, H, right M1 (BM-06-08- 04-5) in occlusal view; I, J, left fragmentary maxilla with M2-M3 (TF 2907) in buccal (I) and occluso-lingual (J) views; K, left m3 (BM-04-07-26-1b) in occlusal view. Scale bars: 1 cm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14530423"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14530423/files/figure.png"pageId="9"pageNumber="264">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="649FAD8B7902C21C845070BAFDFDF817"box="[532,596,1969,1996]"captionStart="FIG"captionStartId="10.[134,143,1642,1659]"captionTargetBox="[132,1456,175,1613]"captionTargetId="figure-292@10.[698,1267,764,1316]"captionTargetPageId="10"captionText="FIG. 5. — Siamochoerus banmarkensis Ducrocq, Chaimanee, Suteethorn & Jaeger, 1998 from Bang Mark lignite pit, Krabi coal mine, late Eocene: A, B, right M3 (BM-04-07-26-1a) in occlusal view; C, D, right M3 (BM-06-08-04-2) in occlusal view; E, F, left M3 (BM-06-08-04-3) in occlusal view; G, H, right M1 (BM-06-08- 04-5) in occlusal view; I, J, left fragmentary maxilla with M2-M3 (TF 2907) in buccal (I) and occluso-lingual (J) views; K, left m3 (BM-04-07-26-1b) in occlusal view. Scale bars: 1 cm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14530423"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14530423/files/figure.png"pageId="9"pageNumber="264">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
G-H) except for its more square occlusal outline. A very tiny entostyle is present at the lingual end of the transverse valley of the M1 (BM-06-08-04-5) and this structure is much less developed on the M3 (
<tableCitationid="B12684B57902C21C85F4725CFBA9FAB5"box="[944,1024,1364,1390]"captionStart="TABLE"captionStartId="9.[132,143,219,236]"captionTargetPageId="9"captionText="TABLE 1. — Siamochoerus banmarkensis Ducrocq, Chaimanee, Suteethorn & Jaeger, 1998. Measurements (mm) of dental remains from Bang Mark lignite pit. Length:mesio-distal diameter for lower incisors, length of lingual side of the crown for lower canines,mesio-distal length for premolars and molars. Abbreviations: Hli, height of incisor at lingual side (see van der Made 1996b for measurement method); Width f, bucco-lingual diameter for lower incisors, width of distal side of the crown for lower canines, width of the first lobe for molars; Width s, width of the second lobe for premolars and molars; Width t, width of the third lobe of m3. *, indicates estimated measurement of damaged tooth."httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/A8DBE1867902C21C86C077D3FDDFFE9C"pageId="9"pageNumber="264"tableUuid="A8DBE1867902C21C86C077D3FDDFFE9C">Table 1</tableCitation>
).
<bibRefCitationid="9835CCFF7902C21C8252725CFAA9FAB5"author="DUCROCQ S. & CHAIMANEE Y. & SUTEETHORN V. & JAEGER J. - J."box="[1046,1280,1364,1390]"pageId="9"pageNumber="264"pagination="147 - 156"refId="ref7263"refString="DUCROCQ S., CHAIMANEE Y., SUTEETHORN V. & JAEGER J. - J. 1998. - The earliest known pig from the late Eocene of Thailand. Palaeontology 41 (1): 147 - 156. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 49739224"type="journal article"year="1998">
mentioned that the roots of the upper molars of TF 2907 are unfused, but it is unclear. In buccal view, the upper parts of the roots are separated and seem to be divergent (
<figureCitationid="649FAD8B7902C21C82A072BBFA86FA15"box="[1252,1327,1459,1486]"captionStart="FIG"captionStartId="10.[134,143,1642,1659]"captionTargetBox="[132,1456,175,1613]"captionTargetId="figure-292@10.[698,1267,764,1316]"captionTargetPageId="10"captionText="FIG. 5. — Siamochoerus banmarkensis Ducrocq, Chaimanee, Suteethorn & Jaeger, 1998 from Bang Mark lignite pit, Krabi coal mine, late Eocene: A, B, right M3 (BM-04-07-26-1a) in occlusal view; C, D, right M3 (BM-06-08-04-2) in occlusal view; E, F, left M3 (BM-06-08-04-3) in occlusal view; G, H, right M1 (BM-06-08- 04-5) in occlusal view; I, J, left fragmentary maxilla with M2-M3 (TF 2907) in buccal (I) and occluso-lingual (J) views; K, left m3 (BM-04-07-26-1b) in occlusal view. Scale bars: 1 cm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14530423"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14530423/files/figure.png"pageId="9"pageNumber="264">Fig. 5I</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="649FAD8B7902C21C85EE711BFC5FF9F6"box="[938,1014,1555,1582]"captionStart="FIG"captionStartId="10.[134,143,1642,1659]"captionTargetBox="[132,1456,175,1613]"captionTargetId="figure-292@10.[698,1267,764,1316]"captionTargetPageId="10"captionText="FIG. 5. — Siamochoerus banmarkensis Ducrocq, Chaimanee, Suteethorn & Jaeger, 1998 from Bang Mark lignite pit, Krabi coal mine, late Eocene: A, B, right M3 (BM-04-07-26-1a) in occlusal view; C, D, right M3 (BM-06-08-04-2) in occlusal view; E, F, left M3 (BM-06-08-04-3) in occlusal view; G, H, right M1 (BM-06-08- 04-5) in occlusal view; I, J, left fragmentary maxilla with M2-M3 (TF 2907) in buccal (I) and occluso-lingual (J) views; K, left m3 (BM-04-07-26-1b) in occlusal view. Scale bars: 1 cm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14530423"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14530423/files/figure.png"pageId="9"pageNumber="264">Fig. 5J</figureCitation>
