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411 lines
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<document id="89A77B13FC61DBD420E633985DB0941F" ID-CLB-Dataset="53758" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5303.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="55cb0aa4-25b5-43fc-b545-54697a22b641" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8043342" ID-ZooBank="DE9C1F18-5CEE-4968-9991-075B977966FE" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="diego" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1686836004935" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Harbach, Ralph E. & Wilkerson, Richard C." docDate="2023" docId="161B87CDBA210A44FF54FA41FE1A5F50" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5303.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5303 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PDN" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Culex nocturnus Theobald 1903" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="20" masterDocId="EA22FFB5BA330A57FFC3FFAFFF915A05" masterDocTitle="The insupportable validity of mosquito subspecies (Diptera: Culicidae) and their exclusion from culicid classification" masterLastPageNumber="184" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="19" updateTime="1699524690436" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="9A437281A07FC3DBE393B757A07755D6">The insupportable validity of mosquito subspecies (Diptera: Culicidae) and their exclusion from culicid classification</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C7955CE5DC2CB9B1E7AEE9DFBCA8DFBA">Harbach, Ralph E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="7C71000F240C0E6B560EBB8294E5A607" type="ORCID">0000-0003-1384-6972</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="EA9EA97450B88210646101C11FD119CD" type="email">r.harbach@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="71EFD3B11892CA826C0B94061BCAC336">Wilkerson, Richard C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="E8BF5D0C6B83C2EB2BF569428F61EB59" type="email">wilkersonr@si.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="F350DA1AF747CB588D01F3B288D7141C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="79E5E59231ED724DC0A6F35FE88A19C7">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="827525BC269BF188CDA4C1825FAA789A">2023-06-15</mods:number>
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<treatment id="161B87CDBA210A44FF54FA41FE1A5F50" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8064380" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209700519" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8064380" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:161B87CDBA210A44FF54FA41FE1A5F50" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/161B87CDBA210A44FF54FA41FE1A5F50" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<subSubSection id="D6A86550BA210A45FF54FA41FE335C0C" box="[151,418,1518,1545]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA210A45FF54FA41FE335C0C" blockId="18.[151,418,1518,1545]" box="[151,418,1518,1545]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA210A45FF54FA41FE335C0C" bold="true" box="[151,418,1518,1545]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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Subspecies
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA210A45FEE5FA40FE335C0C" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1903" box="[294,418,1519,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nocturnus">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA210A45FEE5FA40FE335C0C" bold="true" box="[294,418,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">nocturnus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D6A86550BA210A44FF54F99FFE1A5F50" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA210A45FF54F99FFB2E5DD3" blockId="18.[151,1437,1584,2043]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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Descriptions of subspecies
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA210A45FE0CF99EFDAE5C4F" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1903" box="[463,575,1585,1610]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nocturnus">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA210A45FE0CF99EFDAE5C4F" box="[463,575,1585,1610]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">nocturnus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are very similar to descriptions of
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA210A45FC10F99EFB8E5C4F" box="[979,1055,1585,1610]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vexans">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA210A45FC10F99EFB8E5C4F" box="[979,1055,1585,1610]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">vexans</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, which has led to many different opinions concerning its status. It was described by
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<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA210A45FD01F9FBFC195C6B" author="Theobald, F. V." box="[706,904,1620,1646]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref181601" refString="Theobald, F. V. (1903 a) A monograph of the Culicidae or mosquitoes. Vol. 3. British Museum (Natural History), London, xvii + 1 (errata) + 359 pp., foldout table, 17 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 58067" type="book" year="1903">Theobald (1903a)</bibRefCitation>
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from “several
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<specimenCount id="88B4FD52BA210A45FBE9F9FBFBAC5C6B" box="[1066,1085,1620,1646]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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’s” from “Ba in
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA210A45FB29F9FBFA875C6B" box="[1258,1302,1620,1646]" name="Fiji" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fiji</collectingCountry>
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”.
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<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA210A45FAEAF9FBFF735C97" author="Townsend, B. C." pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="35 - 152" refId="ref182830" refString="Townsend, B. C. (1990) Culicidae. In: Townsend, B. C., Chainey, J. E., Crosskey, R. W., Pont, A. C., Lane, R. P., Boorman, J. P. T. & Crouch, C. A. (Eds.), A catalogue of the types of bloodsucking flies in the British Museum (Natural History), Natural History Museum, London, pp. 35 - 152." type="book chapter" year="1990">Townsend (1990)</bibRefCitation>
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found
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<specimenCount id="88B4FD52BA210A45FEF4F9D6FDB35C97" box="[311,546,1656,1683]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="female" typeStatus="syntype">two syntype females</specimenCount>
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in the collection of the Natural History Museum, London.
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<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA210A45FB11F9D7FA0D5C97" author="Theobald, F. V." box="[1234,1436,1656,1682]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref181601" refString="Theobald, F. V. (1903 a) A monograph of the Culicidae or mosquitoes. Vol. 3. British Museum (Natural History), London, xvii + 1 (errata) + 359 pp., foldout table, 17 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 58067" type="book" year="1903">Theobald (1903a)</bibRefCitation>
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described the species as having the “Thorax deep brown, covered densely with narrow-curved, bright brown and golden scales, scarcely showing any definite ornamentation; proboscis with a minute black tip and base, remainder ochraceous.” The legs are as in the description of
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA210A45FD19F94AFCB75CFB" box="[730,806,1765,1790]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vexans">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA210A45FD19F94AFCB75CFB" box="[730,806,1765,1790]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">vexans</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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above. “Abdomen deep brown with basal white bands curved in the middle….
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<specimenCount id="88B4FD52BA210A45FE6EF8A6FE525D26" box="[429,451,1801,1827]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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. Head brown, with narrow curved pale golden scales on the crown, with black upright forked scales, flat black scales at the sides with a median white patch…. Abdomen …sixth and seventh segments with narrow apical yellow bands, no basal pale band or mark to the last; laterally are median white spots…. Legs …tibiae deep brown, paler ventrally….
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA210A45FDA1F8DBFC825D8B" box="[610,787,1908,1934]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Observations....</emphasis>
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The abdominal ornamentation is very characteristic; the species cannot well be mistaken for any other. The proboscis is really very broadly pale banded.” Theobald included descriptions of all life stages except the egg, none of which provided distinguishing characters.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA210A44FF04F84FFDFF5AFC" blockId="18.[151,1437,1584,2043]" lastBlockId="19.[151,1437,151,753]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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The following publications concerning the nominal taxon
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA210A45FC98F84EFC5A5DFF" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1903" box="[859,971,2017,2042]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nocturnus">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA210A45FC98F84EFC5A5DFF" box="[859,971,2017,2042]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">nocturnus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are arranged by taxonomic status. A few authors gave expanded rationale for their judgements (
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<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA200A44FD3FFF38FB805AB4" author="Bohart, R. M. & Ingram, R. L." box="[764,1041,151,177]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref145782" refString="Bohart, R. M. & Ingram, R. L. (1946 b) Mosquitoes of Okinawa and islands in the central Pacific. Navmed 1055. Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Navy Department, Washington, D. C., 110 pp." type="book" year="1946">Bohart & Ingram 1946b</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA200A44FBDFFF38FB385AB4" author="Belkin, J. N." box="[1052,1193,151,177]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref144816" refString="Belkin, J. N. (1962) The mosquitoes of the South Pacific (Diptera, Culicidae). Vols 1 & 2. University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, California, xii + 608 pp., 412 figs." type="book" year="1962">Belkin 1962</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA200A44FB75FF38FADB5AB4" author="Reinert, J. F." box="[1206,1354,151,177]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 218" refId="ref174584" refString="Reinert, J. F. (1973) Contributions to the mosquito fauna of Southeast Asia. - XVI. Genus Aedes Meigen, subgenus Aedimorphus Theobald in Southeast Asia. Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 9 (5), 1 - 218." type="journal article" year="1973">Reinert 1973</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA200A44FA94FF38FF695AD0" author="Lee, D. J. & Hicks, M. M. & Griffiths, M. & Russell, R. C. & Marks, E. N." pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref164666" refString="Lee, D. J., Hicks, M. M., Griffiths, M., Russell, R. C. & Marks, E. N. (1982) The Culicidae of the Australasian Region. Vol. 2. Nomenclature, synonymy, literature, distribution, biology and relation to disease. Genus Aedeomyia. Genus Aedes (subgenera [Aedes], Aedimorphus, Chaetocruiomyia, Christophersiomyia, Edwardsaedes and Finlaya). Monograph Series, Entomology Monograph No. 2. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, v + 286 pp." type="book" year="1982">
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Lee
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA200A44FA4BFF38FF3C5AD0" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al</emphasis>
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. 1982
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</bibRefCitation>
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), which were summarized by
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<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA200A44FD8FFF14FC9A5AD0" author="Lee, D. J. & Hicks, M. M. & Griffiths, M. & Russell, R. C. & Marks, E. N." box="[588,779,187,213]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref164666" refString="Lee, D. J., Hicks, M. M., Griffiths, M., Russell, R. C. & Marks, E. N. (1982) The Culicidae of the Australasian Region. Vol. 2. Nomenclature, synonymy, literature, distribution, biology and relation to disease. Genus Aedeomyia. Genus Aedes (subgenera [Aedes], Aedimorphus, Chaetocruiomyia, Christophersiomyia, Edwardsaedes and Finlaya). Monograph Series, Entomology Monograph No. 2. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, v + 286 pp." type="book" year="1982">
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Lee
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA200A44FDBDFF14FD215AD0" box="[638,688,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al</emphasis>
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. (1982)
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</bibRefCitation>
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, as shown below. This is not intended to be an exhaustive listing (* = with some sort of illustration).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA200A44FF04FEACFCC65B8C" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,753]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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As a synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA200A44FE45FEACFE435B19" box="[390,466,259,284]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vexans">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA200A44FE45FEACFE435B19" box="[390,466,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">vexans</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA200A44FE1CFEACFDF05B18" author="Dyar, H. G." box="[479,609,259,285]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="165 - 173" refId="ref152367" refString="Dyar, H. G. (1920) The Aedes of the mountains of California and Oregon (Diptera, Culicidae). Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, 8 (10 - 12), 165 - 173." type="journal article" year="1920">Dyar (1920</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA200A44FDA9FEACFD235B18" author="Dyar, H. G." box="[618,690,259,285]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="71 - 120" refId="ref152406" refString="Dyar, H. G. (1921 a) The mosquitoes of Canada. Transactions of the Royal Canadian Institute, 13 (1), 71 - 120." type="journal article" year="1921">1921a</bibRefCitation>
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);
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<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA200A44FD06FEACFC3E5B18" author="Senior-White, R." box="[709,943,259,285]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref177836" refString="Senior-White, R. (1923) Catalogue of Indian insects. Part 2 - Culicidae. Superintendent Government Printing, Calcutta, ii + 124 pp." type="book" year="1923">Senior-White (1923)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA200A44FC7AFEACFBE05B18" author="Freeborn, S. B." box="[953,1137,259,285]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="333 - 460" refId="ref155971" refString="Freeborn, S. B. (1926) The mosquitoes of California. University of California Publications: Technical Bulletins. Entomology, 3 (5), 333 - 460." type="journal article" year="1926">Freeborn (1926)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA200A44FBB8FEACFAA15B18" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[1147,1328,259,285]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="351 - 401" refId="ref153813" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1924) A synopsis of the adult mosquitos of the Australasian Region. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 14 (4), 351 - 401. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300045624" type="journal article" year="1924">Edwards (1924)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA200A44FAF9FEACFF605B44" author="Edwards, F. W." pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref154128" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1932 a) Genera Insectorum. Diptera, Fam. Culicidae. Fascicle 194. V. Verteneuil & L. Desmet, Bruxelles [Brussels], 258 pp., 5 pls." type="book" year="1932">Edwards (1932a)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA200A44FF3EFE88FE0F5B44" author="Natvig, L. R." box="[253,414,295,321]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="i - xxi" refId="ref171509" refString="Natvig, L. R. (1948) Contributions to the knowledge of the Danish and Fennoscandian mosquitoes: Culicini. Norsk Entomologisk Tidsskrift Supplement, 1, i - xxi + 567 pp., 12 pls., map." type="book chapter" year="1948">Natvig (1948)</bibRefCitation>
|
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|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA200A44FE69FE88FD705B44" author="Senevet, G. & Andarelli, L." box="[426,737,294,321]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="310 - 351" refId="ref177579" refString="Senevet, G. & Andarelli, L. (1954) Le genre Aedes en Afrique du Nord. I. - Les larves. Archives de l'Institut Pasteur d'Algerie, 32 (4), 310 - 351." type="journal article" year="1954">Senevet & Andarelli (1954)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
[who followed
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA200A44FC50FE88FBD75B44" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[915,1094,295,321]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref154128" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1932 a) Genera Insectorum. Diptera, Fam. Culicidae. Fascicle 194. V. Verteneuil & L. Desmet, Bruxelles [Brussels], 258 pp., 5 pls." type="book" year="1932">Edwards 1932a</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
];
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA200A44FB9AFE88FA0D5B44" author="Carpenter, S. J. & LaCasse, W. J." box="[1113,1436,294,321]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref147571" refString="Carpenter, S. J. & LaCasse, W. J. (1955) Mosquitoes of North America (north of Mexico). University of California Press, Berkeley, Los Angeles, London, vii + 360 pp., 127 pls." type="book" year="1955">Carpenter & LaCasse (1955)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
[subspecies
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA200A44FEE2FEE4FE075B60" baseAuthorityName="Patton" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[289,406,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arabiensis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA200A44FEE2FEE4FE075B60" box="[289,406,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">arabiensis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
? and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA200A44FE1FFEE4FDA85B61" baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[476,569,331,356]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nipponii">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA200A44FE1FFEE4FDA85B61" box="[476,569,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">nipponii</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
also listed as synonyms of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA200A44FCBBFEE4FC555B61" box="[888,964,331,356]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vexans">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA200A44FCBBFEE4FC555B61" box="[888,964,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">vexans</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
];
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA200A44FC1DFEE4FB165B60" author="Reinert, J. F." box="[990,1159,331,357]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 218" refId="ref174584" refString="Reinert, J. F. (1973) Contributions to the mosquito fauna of Southeast Asia. - XVI. Genus Aedes Meigen, subgenus Aedimorphus Theobald in Southeast Asia. Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 9 (5), 1 - 218." type="journal article" year="1973">Reinert (1973)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA200A44FB57FEE4FA0D5B60" author="Knight, K. L. & Stone, A." box="[1172,1436,331,357]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref162868" refString="Knight, K. L. & Stone, A. (1977) A catalog of the mosquitoes of the world (Diptera: Culicidae). 2 nd Edition. The Thomas Say Foundation. Vol. VI. Entomological Society of America, College Park, Maryland, xi + 611 pp." type="book" year="1977">Knight & Stone (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
[who we assume followed
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA200A44FE00FEC0FDCB5B8C" author="Reinert, J. F." box="[451,602,367,393]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 218" refId="ref174584" refString="Reinert, J. F. (1973) Contributions to the mosquito fauna of Southeast Asia. - XVI. Genus Aedes Meigen, subgenus Aedimorphus Theobald in Southeast Asia. Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 9 (5), 1 - 218." type="journal article" year="1973">Reinert 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
];
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA200A44FDAEFEC0FCC25B8C" author="Reinert, J. F. & Harbach, R. E. & Kitching, I. J." box="[621,851,367,393]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="289 - 368" refId="ref174632" refString="Reinert, J. F., Harbach, R. E. & Kitching, I. J. (2004) Phylogeny and classification of Aedini (Diptera: Culicidae) based on morphological characters of all life stages. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 142 (3), 289 - 368. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2004.00144. x" type="journal article" year="2004">
|
|||
|
|
Reinert
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA200A44FD05FEC0FD665B8C" box="[710,759,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. (2004)
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA200A44FF04FE3CFBA05BA8" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,753]" box="[199,1073,403,429]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
|||
|
|
As a synonym of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA200A44FE4EFE3CFCE25BA8" authority="(Skuse, 1889)" baseAuthorityName="Skuse" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[397,883,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vigilax" subGenus="Ochlerotatus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA200A44FE4EFE3CFE415BA8" box="[397,464,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Aedes</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA200A44FE23FE3CFDE05BA8" box="[480,625,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Ochlerotatus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
)
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA200A44FD42FE3CFD5C5BA8" box="[641,717,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">vigilax</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA200A44FD1EFE3CFCFA5BA8" author="Skuse, F. A. A." box="[733,875,403,429]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1717 - 1764" refId="ref178638" refString="Skuse, F. A. A. (1889) Diptera of Australia. Part V. The Culicidae. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 3 (4), 1717 - 1764, 1 pl." type="journal article" year="1889">Skuse, 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
)
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA200A44FCBDFE3CFBBC5BA8" author="Cooling, L. E." box="[894,1069,403,429]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 61" refId="ref148840" refString="Cooling, L. E. (1924) A synonymic list of the more important species of Culicidae of the Australian Region. Commonwealth of Australia, Department of Health. Service Publication (Tropical Division), 2, 1 - 61." type="journal article" year="1924">Cooling (1924)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA200A44FF04FE18FD2A5838" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,753]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
|||
|
|
As a subspecies of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA200A44FE62FE18FE7C5BD5" box="[417,493,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vexans">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA200A44FE62FE18FE7C5BD5" box="[417,493,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">vexans</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. *
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA200A44FDC4FE18FCA15BD4" author="Bohart, R. M. & Ingram, R. L." box="[519,816,439,465]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref145782" refString="Bohart, R. M. & Ingram, R. L. (1946 b) Mosquitoes of Okinawa and islands in the central Pacific. Navmed 1055. Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Navy Department, Washington, D. C., 110 pp." type="book" year="1946">Bohart & Ingram (1946b)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
; *
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA200A44FC84FE18FB015BD4" author="Yamaguti, S. & LaCasse, W. J." box="[839,1168,438,465]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref185556" refString="Yamaguti, S. & LaCasse, W. J. (1950) Mosquito fauna of Guam. Office of the Surgeon, Headquarters, 8 th Army, APO 343. United States. 207 th Malaria Survey Detachment. Office of the Surgeon, Washington, D. C., 101 pp." type="book" year="1950">Yamaguti & LaCasse (1950)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA200A44FB5EFE18FA095BD4" author="Knight, K. L. & Hull, W. B." box="[1181,1432,438,465]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="211 - 251" refId="ref162691" refString="Knight, K. L. & Hull, W. B. (1951) The Aedes mosquitoes of the Philippine Islands. I. Keys to species. Subgenera Mucidus, Ochlerotatus, and Finlaya (Diptera, Culicidae). Pacific Science, 5 (3), 211 - 251." type="journal article" year="1951">Knight & Hull (1951)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
; *
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA200A44FF61FE74FE365BF0" author="Knight, K. L. & Hull, W. B." box="[162,423,474,501]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="453 - 481" refId="ref162815" refString="Knight, K. L. & Hull, W. B. (1953) The Aedes mosquitoes of the Philippine Islands. III. Subgenera Aedimorphus, Banksinella, Aedes, and Cancraedes (Diptera, Culicidae). Pacific Science, 7 (4), 453 - 481." type="journal article" year="1953">Knight & Hull (1953)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA200A44FE75FE74FDDA5BF0" author="Laird, M." box="[438,587,474,501]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="291 - 300" refId="ref163580" refString="Laird, M. (1955) Notes on the mosquitos of the Gilbert, Ellice and Tokelau Islands, and on filariasis in the latter group. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 46 (2), 291 - 300. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300030923" type="journal article" year="1955">Laird (1955)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA200A44FD9AFE74FD6C5BF0" author="Bohart, R. M." box="[601,765,474,501]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 85" refId="ref145701" refString="Bohart, R. M. (1957) Insects of Micronesia, Diptera: Culicidae. Insects of Micronesia, 12 (1), 1 - 85. [for 1956]" type="journal article" year="1957">Bohart (1957)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA200A44FCCFFE74FC785BF0" author="Stone, A. & Knight, K. L. & Starcke, H." box="[780,1001,474,501]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref180004" refString="Stone, A., Knight, K. L. & Starcke, H. (1959) A synoptic catalog of the mosquitoes of the world (Diptera, Culicidae). The Thomas Say Foundation. Vol. VI. Entomological Society of America, College Park, Maryland, vi + 358 pp." type="book" year="1959">
|
|||
|
|
Stone
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA200A44FC95FE74FC1B5BF0" box="[854,906,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. (1959)
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA200A44FC3BFE74FB345BF0" author="Iyengar, M. O. T." box="[1016,1189,475,501]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 102" refId="ref161400" refString="Iyengar, M. O. T. (1960) A review of the mosquito fauna of the South Pacific (Diptera: Culicidae). South Pacific Commission Technical Paper, 130, (ii) + 1 - 102." type="journal article" year="1960">Iyengar (1960)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA200A44FB77FE74FACA5BF0" author="Stone, A." box="[1204,1371,475,501]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="29 - 52" refId="ref179649" refString="Stone, A. (1961 b) A synoptic catalog of the mosquitoes of the world, supplement I (Diptera: Culicidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 63 (1), 29 - 52." type="journal article" year="1961">Stone (1961b)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA200A44FAAAFE74FF74581C" author="Lien, J. C." pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="615 - 649" refId="ref165644" refString="Lien, J. C. (1962) Non-anopheline mosquitoes of Taiwan: Annotated catalog and bibliography. Pacific Insects, 4 (3), 615 - 649." type="journal article" year="1962">Lien (1962)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
; *
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA200A44FEC3FE50FDAC581C" author="Joyce, C. R. & Nakagawa, P. Y." box="[256,573,511,537]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="273 - 280" refId="ref161651" refString="Joyce, C. R. & Nakagawa, P. Y. (1963) Aedes vexans nocturnus (Theobald) in Hawaii. Proceedings, Hawaiian Entomological Society, 18 (2), 273 - 280." type="journal article" year="1963">Joyce & Nakagawa (1963)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
; *
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA200A44FD94FE50FC1F581C" author="Holway, R. T. & Bridges, J. R." box="[599,910,511,537]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 6" refId="ref160093" refString="Holway, R. T. & Bridges, J. R. (1970) Illustrated key to the adult mosquitoes of the Marianas. U. S. Navy, Preventative Medicine, Unit- 6, 1 - 6." type="journal article" year="1970">Holway & Bridges (1970)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA200A44FC5DFE50FBA6581C" author="Basio, R. G." box="[926,1079,511,537]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref144497" refString="Basio, R. G. (1971) The mosquito fauna of the Philippines (Diptera Culicidae). Monograph No. 4. National Museum of the Philippines, Manila, v + 198 pp." type="book" year="1971">Basio (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
; *
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA200A44FB92FE50FB67581C" author="Baisas, F. E." box="[1105,1270,511,537]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 179" refId="ref143775" refString="Baisas, F. E. (1974) The mosquito fauna of Subic Bay Naval Reservation. Republic of the Philippines. Headquarters, First Medical Service Wing (PACAF), APO San Francisco 96274, Technical Report No. 72 - 2, 1 - 179, 79 figs." type="journal article" year="1974">Baisas (1974)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA200A44FAC6FE50FF745838" author="Tanaka, K. & Mizusawa, K. & Saugstad, E. S." pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 987" refId="ref180905" refString="Tanaka, K., Mizusawa, K. & Saugstad, E. S. (1979) A revision of the adult and larval mosquitoes of Japan (including the Ryukyu Archipelago and the Ogasawara Islands) and Korea (Diptera: Culicidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 16, vii + 1 - 987." type="journal article" year="1979">
|
|||
|
|
Tanaka
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA200A44FAA3FE50FA0C581C" box="[1376,1437,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(1979)
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA200A44FF32FD8CFE355838" author="Harbach, R. E." box="[241,420,547,573]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref158710" refString="Harbach, R. E. (2018) Culicipedia: Species-group, genus-group and family-group names in Culicidae (Diptera). CABI, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, xviii + 378 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1079 / 9781786399052.0000" type="book" year="2018">Harbach (2018)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA200A44FE6CFD8CFD275838" author="Wilkerson, R. C. & Linton, Y. - M. & Strickman, D." box="[431,694,547,573]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref184924" refString="Wilkerson, R. C., Linton, Y. - M. & Strickman, D. (2021) Mosquitoes of the world. Vols. 1 & 2. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 1332 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 021 - 04848 - 6" type="book" year="2021">
|
|||
|
|
Wilkerson
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA200A44FDE9FD8CFDCA5838" box="[554,603,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. (2021)
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA200A44FF04FDE8FBE658C8" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,753]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
|||
|
|
As species
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA200A44FE89FDE8FE2B5865" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1903" box="[330,442,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nocturnus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA200A44FE89FDE8FE2B5865" box="[330,442,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">nocturnus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. *
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA200A44FE16FDE8FD375864" author="Theobald, F. V." box="[469,678,583,609]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref181601" refString="Theobald, F. V. (1903 a) A monograph of the Culicidae or mosquitoes. Vol. 3. British Museum (Natural History), London, xvii + 1 (errata) + 359 pp., foldout table, 17 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 58067" type="book" year="1903">Theobald (1903a)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA200A44FD77FDE8FCE85864" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[692,889,583,609]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="521 - 527" refId="ref153026" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1912 a) A key to the Australasian species of Ochlerotatus (Culicidae). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 8, 9 (53), 521 - 527. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222931208693166" type="journal article" year="1912">Edwards (1912a)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
, in genus
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA200A44FC32FDE8FB135864" authorityName="Lynch Arribalzaga" authorityYear="1891" box="[1009,1154,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Ochlerotatus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA200A44FC32FDE8FB135864" box="[1009,1154,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Ochlerotatus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
but “Doubtfully distinct from the preceding [
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA200A44FEBCFDC4FDF35880" authority="Skuse, 1889" authorityName="Skuse" authorityYear="1889" box="[383,610,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vigilax">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA200A44FEBCFDC4FE5A5880" box="[383,459,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">vigilax</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA200A44FE10FDC4FDF35880" author="Skuse, F. A. A." box="[467,610,619,645]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1717 - 1764" refId="ref178638" refString="Skuse, F. A. A. (1889) Diptera of Australia. Part V. The Culicidae. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 3 (4), 1717 - 1764, 1 pl." type="journal article" year="1889">Skuse, 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
]”; *
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA200A44FD4FFDC4FC8D5880" author="Penn, G. H." box="[652,796,619,645]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="3 - 85" refId="ref172833" refString="Penn, G. H. (1949) The pupae of the mosquitoes of New Guinea. Pacific Science, 3 (1), 3 - 85." type="journal article" year="1949">Penn (1949)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
, as
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA200A44FC84FDC4FC025881" box="[839,915,619,644]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vexans">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA200A44FC84FDC4FC025881" box="[839,915,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">vexans</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
but possibly represents subspecies
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA200A44FAE7FDC4FA055881" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1903" box="[1316,1428,619,644]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nocturnus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA200A44FAE7FDC4FA055881" box="[1316,1428,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">nocturnus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
; *
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA200A44FF61FD20FED458AC" author="Belkin, J. N." box="[162,325,655,681]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref144816" refString="Belkin, J. N. (1962) The mosquitoes of the South Pacific (Diptera, Culicidae). Vols 1 & 2. University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, California, xii + 608 pp., 412 figs." type="book" year="1962">Belkin (1962)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA200A44FE92FD20FDE558AC" author="Peters, W. & Christian, S. H." box="[337,628,655,681]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="35 - 79" refId="ref173076" refString="Peters, W. & Christian, S. H. (1963) The bionomics, ecology and distribution of some mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in the territory of Papua and New Guinea. Acta Tropica, 20 (1), 35 - 79. https: // doi. org / 10.5169 / seals- 311101" type="journal article" year="1963">Peters & Christian (1963)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
, included as both a species and apparently inadvertently as a subspecies of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA200A44FF75FD1CFE9358C9" box="[182,258,691,716]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vexans">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA200A44FF75FD1CFE9358C9" box="[182,258,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">vexans</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA200A44FED3FD1CFE3758C8" author="Stone, A." box="[272,422,691,717]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="117 - 140" refId="ref179692" refString="Stone, A. (1963) A synoptic catalog of the mosquitoes of the world, supplement II (Diptera: Culicidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 65 (2), 117 - 140." type="journal article" year="1963">Stone (1963)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
; Belkin (1965); Stephan (1966);
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA200A44FCD5FD1CFC4258C8" author="Standfast, H. A." box="[790,979,691,717]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="192 - 196" refId="ref179239" refString="Standfast, H. A. (1967) Biting times of nine species of New Guinea Culicidae (Diptera). Journal of Medical Entomology, 4 (2), 192 - 196. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jmedent / 4.2.192" type="journal article" year="1967">Standfast (1967)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA200A44FC1CFD1CFBE258C8" author="Maffi, M." box="[991,1139,691,717]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="194 - 214" refId="ref167526" refString="Maffi, M. (1977) Contribution to the knowledge of the mosquito fauna of the New Hebrides island group proper (Diptera: Culicidae). Rivista di Parassitologia, 38 (2 / 3), 194 - 214, table 2." type="journal article" year="1977">Maffi (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA200A44FF04FD78FC6E58F4" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,753]" box="[199,1023,727,753]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA200A44FF04FD78FE1558F4" author="Lee, D. J. & Hicks, M. M. & Griffiths, M. & Russell, R. C. & Marks, E. N." box="[199,388,727,753]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref164666" refString="Lee, D. J., Hicks, M. M., Griffiths, M., Russell, R. C. & Marks, E. N. (1982) The Culicidae of the Australasian Region. Vol. 2. Nomenclature, synonymy, literature, distribution, biology and relation to disease. Genus Aedeomyia. Genus Aedes (subgenera [Aedes], Aedimorphus, Chaetocruiomyia, Christophersiomyia, Edwardsaedes and Finlaya). Monograph Series, Entomology Monograph No. 2. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, v + 286 pp." type="book" year="1982">
|
|||
|
|
Lee
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA200A44FF3BFD78FEB858F4" box="[248,297,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. (1982)
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
, as species
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA200A44FDC5FD78FDE758F5" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1903" box="[518,630,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nocturnus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA200A44FDC5FD78FDE758F5" box="[518,630,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">nocturnus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, stated the following in a footnote.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA200A44FF04FC8FFC0E5959" blockId="19.[199,1384,800,1184]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
|||
|
|
Although F.W.
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA200A44FEA2FC8FFD92593C" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[353,515,800,825]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="351 - 401" refId="ref153813" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1924) A synopsis of the adult mosquitos of the Australasian Region. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 14 (4), 351 - 401. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300045624" type="journal article" year="1924">Edwards (1924)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
synonymised
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA200A44FD56FC8EFD6B593D" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1903" box="[661,762,801,824]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nocturnus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA200A44FD56FC8EFD6B593D" box="[661,762,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">nocturnus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
with
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA200A44FCF7FC8EFCE8593D" box="[820,889,801,824]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vexans">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA200A44FCF7FC8EFCE8593D" box="[820,889,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">vexans</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
it was later considered a variety or subspecies of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA200A44FF04FCEAFE9D5959" box="[199,268,837,860]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vexans">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA200A44FF04FCEAFE9D5959" box="[199,268,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">vexans</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
by regional authors, commencing with Bohart & Ingram (1946).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA200A44FF34FCC7FEE059CD" blockId="19.[199,1384,800,1184]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA200A44FF34FCC7FE175985" author="Belkin, J. N." box="[247,390,872,896]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref144816" refString="Belkin, J. N. (1962) The mosquitoes of the South Pacific (Diptera, Culicidae). Vols 1 & 2. University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, California, xii + 608 pp., 412 figs." type="book" year="1962">Belkin (1962)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
provisionally raised
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA200A44FDA2FCC6FD575985" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1903" box="[609,710,873,896]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nocturnus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA200A44FDA2FCC6FD575985" box="[609,710,873,896]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">nocturnus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
to specific rank, mainly on the basis of branching of larval head hairs [setae]. He recognised that the taxonomic status of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA200A44FCC9FC22FCFE59A1" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1903" box="[778,879,909,932]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nocturnus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA200A44FCC9FC22FCFE59A1" box="[778,879,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">nocturnus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
was uncertain, clarification awaiting study of the
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA200A44FF04FC1EFE9D59CD" box="[199,268,945,968]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vexans">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA200A44FF04FC1EFE9D59CD" box="[199,268,945,968]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">vexans</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
complex.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA200A44FF34FC7BFB6D5E31" blockId="19.[199,1384,800,1184]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA200A44FF34FC7BFE1B59E8" author="Reinert, J. F." box="[247,394,980,1005]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 218" refId="ref174584" refString="Reinert, J. F. (1973) Contributions to the mosquito fauna of Southeast Asia. - XVI. Genus Aedes Meigen, subgenus Aedimorphus Theobald in Southeast Asia. Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 9 (5), 1 - 218." type="journal article" year="1973">Reinert (1973)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
sank
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA200A44FE01FC7AFDB659E9" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1903" box="[450,551,981,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nocturnus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA200A44FE01FC7AFDB659E9" box="[450,551,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">nocturnus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
as a synonym of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA200A44FD11FC7AFCF159E9" box="[722,864,981,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vexans">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA200A44FD11FC7AFCF159E9" box="[722,864,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">vexans vexans</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
“in the absence of sufficient biological, behavioural and genetical data on the Pacific Island populations of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA200A44FD2AFC56FCBF5E15" box="[745,814,1017,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vexans">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA200A44FD2AFC56FCBF5E15" box="[745,814,1017,1040]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">vexans</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, and since specimens of these populations fall within the variable range of the morphological characters of other populations within the distribution of the species”.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA200A44FF34FBEEFE895EA5" blockId="19.[199,1384,800,1184]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
|||
|
|
For the time being we have chosen to retain
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA200A44FD70FBEEFC895E5D" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1903" box="[691,792,1089,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nocturnus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA200A44FD70FBEEFC895E5D" box="[691,792,1089,1112]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">nocturnus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
as a species partly because the synonymising of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA200A44FAC1FBEEFAF65E5D" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1903" box="[1282,1383,1089,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nocturnus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA200A44FAC1FBEEFAF65E5D" box="[1282,1383,1089,1112]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">nocturnus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
under
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA200A44FEC6FBCAFEDB5E79" box="[261,330,1125,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vexans">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA200A44FEC6FBCAFEDB5E79" box="[261,330,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">vexans</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
gives
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA200A44FE4AFBCAFE5F5E79" box="[393,462,1125,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vexans">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA200A44FE4AFBCAFE5F5E79" box="[393,462,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">vexans</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
an extraordinarily wide distribution far greater than that achieved by any other non-domestic species.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA200A44FF04FB60FE1A5F50" blockId="19.[151,1436,1231,1365]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
|||
|
|
We agree with the summary and conclusions of
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA200A44FCC2FB60FC595EEC" author="Lee, D. J. & Hicks, M. M. & Griffiths, M. & Russell, R. C. & Marks, E. N." box="[769,968,1231,1257]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref164666" refString="Lee, D. J., Hicks, M. M., Griffiths, M., Russell, R. C. & Marks, E. N. (1982) The Culicidae of the Australasian Region. Vol. 2. Nomenclature, synonymy, literature, distribution, biology and relation to disease. Genus Aedeomyia. Genus Aedes (subgenera [Aedes], Aedimorphus, Chaetocruiomyia, Christophersiomyia, Edwardsaedes and Finlaya). Monograph Series, Entomology Monograph No. 2. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, v + 286 pp." type="book" year="1982">
|
|||
|
|
Lee
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA200A44FCF5FB60FCFD5EEC" box="[822,876,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. (1982)
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
and thus hereby return
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA200A44FB25FB60FAC75EED" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1903" box="[1254,1366,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nocturnus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA200A44FB25FB60FAC75EED" box="[1254,1366,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">nocturnus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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|
|
to its original species status:
|
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|
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA200A44FE64FB5DFB9D5F09" authority="(Theobald, 1903a)" authorityName="Thoebald" authorityYear="1903" baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[423,1036,1266,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nocturnus" subGenus="Aedimorphus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA200A44FE64FB5DFB9D5F09" bold="true" box="[423,1036,1266,1293]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA200A44FE64FB5DFE7A5F08" bold="true" box="[423,491,1266,1293]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Aedes</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA200A44FE3CFB5DFD0A5F08" bold="true" box="[511,667,1266,1293]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Aedimorphus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
)
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA200A44FD6CFB5CFCB45F08" bold="true" box="[687,805,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">nocturnus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA200A44FCF4FB5DFB955F09" author="Theobald, F. V." box="[823,1028,1266,1292]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref181601" refString="Theobald, F. V. (1903 a) A monograph of the Culicidae or mosquitoes. Vol. 3. British Museum (Natural History), London, xvii + 1 (errata) + 359 pp., foldout table, 17 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 58067" type="book" year="1903">Theobald, 1903a</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
)
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. Synonyms:
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA200A44FB65FB5CFED85F34" authority="Theobald, 1910" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1910" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culicada" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eruthrosops">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA200A44FB65FB5CFA0D5F08" box="[1190,1436,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Culicada eruthrosops</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA200A44FF54FAB8FED85F34" author="Theobald, F. V." box="[151,329,1303,1329]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref182172" refString="Theobald, F. V. (1910) A monograph of the Culicidae or mosquitoes. Vol. 5. British Museum (Natural History), London, xiv + (1) + 646 pp., 6 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 58067" type="book" year="1910">Theobald, 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA200A44FE96FAB8FCD55F34" authority="Theobald, 1913 b" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1913" box="[341,836,1303,1329]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="nocturnus" variety="niger">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA200A44FE96FAB8FD9D5F35" box="[341,524,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Culex nocturnus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
var.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA200A44FD80FAB8FDEF5F35" box="[579,638,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">niger</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA200A44FD47FAB8FCD55F34" author="Theobald, F. V." box="[644,836,1303,1329]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="163 - 164" refId="ref182403" refString="Theobald, F. V. (1913 b) Culicidae from New Caldeonia and the Loyalty Islands. In: Sarasin, F. & Roux, J., Nova Caledonia. Forschungen in Neu-Caledonien und auf den Loyalty-Inseln. Recherches scientifiques en Nouvelle-Caledonie et aux iles Loyalty. A. Zoologie. Vol. I. L. III. C. W. Kreidels Verlag, Wiesbaden, pp. 163 - 164." type="book chapter" year="1913">Theobald, 1913b</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA200A44FC8DFAB8FB995F35" authorityName="Thoebald" authorityYear="1903" box="[846,1032,1303,1329]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nocturnus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA200A44FC8DFAB8FB995F35" box="[846,1032,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Aedes nocturnus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
is currently listed as a species in the Encyclopedia of Life.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</treatment>
|
|||
|
|
</document>
|