treatments-xml/data/03/9C/87/039C878F6B7BFFD940C7E4E7FF1C489C.xml

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<mods:title id="942FBB41F62F41C33087DA74219F056D">Trichodinids (Ciliophora: Peritrichida) parasitic on gills of freshwater fishes, Carassius auratus and Aristichthys nobilis from China, with the description of Trichodina subtilihamata sp. nov.</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D403E9963158F34F56A69B4AA645CD3B">Tang, Fahui</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="51C5C21F59B59950FBB7949D2DA8D8E5">Zhao, Yuanjun</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="C32F65126B7BFFD440C7E4E7FD2F4D1A" box="[151,730,1786,1812]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8A36996B7BFFD440C7E4E7FD2F4D1A" blockId="5.[151,730,1786,1847]" box="[151,730,1786,1812]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
<heading id="D0C281F56B7BFFD440C7E4E7FD2F4D1A" bold="true" box="[151,730,1786,1812]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C354D1A6B7BFFD440C7E4E7FD2F4D1A" authority="Kazubski &amp; Migala, 1968" authorityName="Kazubski &amp; Migala" authorityYear="1968" box="[151,730,1786,1812]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Trichodinidae" genus="Trichodina" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="mutabilis">
<emphasis id="B941EA8B6B7BFFD440C7E4E7FD2F4D1A" bold="true" box="[151,730,1786,1812]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="B941EA8B6B7BFFD440C7E4E7FE614D1A" bold="true" box="[151,404,1786,1812]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Trichodina mutabilis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B686B7BFFD441CCE4E7FD2F4D1A" author="Kazubski, S. L. &amp; Migala, K." box="[412,730,1786,1812]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" pagination="137 - 169" refId="ref5194" refString="Kazubski, S. L. &amp; Migala, K. (1968) Urceolariidae from breeding carp - Cyprinus carpio L. in Zabeniec and remarks on the seasonal variability of trichodinids. Acta Protozoology 6, 137 - 169." type="journal article" year="1968">Kazubski &amp; Migala, 1968</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C32F65126B7BFFD440C7E500FE724D39" box="[151,391,1821,1847]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8A36996B7BFFD440C7E500FE724D39" blockId="5.[151,730,1786,1847]" box="[151,391,1821,1847]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
(
<figureCitation id="130E2A1C6B7BFFD440CFE500FEDF4D39" box="[159,298,1821,1847]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1570,1594]" captionTargetBox="[157,1429,274,1546]" captionTargetId="figure-194@6.[157,1429,274,1546]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photomicrographs of silver impregnated adhesive discs of Trichodina spp. A–B. Trichodina kazubski Van As &amp; Basson, 1989; C–D: Trichodina mutabilis Kazubski &amp; Migala, 1968. Scale bar = 20m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5097609" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5097609/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Figs. 2C–D</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130E2A1C6B7BFFD44166E500FE8A4D39" box="[310,383,1821,1847]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1158,1182]" captionTargetBox="[166,1426,315,1145]" captionTargetId="figure-403@7.[166,1426,314,1145]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Diagrammatic drawing of the denticles of Trichodina spp. A–B. Trichodina subtilihamata sp. nov.; C: Trichodina uniforma Van As &amp; Basson, 1989; D: Trichodina nigra Lom, 1960; E–F: Trichodina kazubski Van As &amp; Basson, 1989; G–H: Trichodina mutabilis Kazubski &amp; Migala, 1968." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5097611" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5097611/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">3G–H</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32F65126B7BFFD740C7E570FCFC4CF7" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8B8A36996B7BFFD440C7E570FE724DA1" blockId="5.[151,732,1901,1967]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="B941EA8B6B7BFFD440C7E570FF2E4D89" bold="true" box="[151,219,1901,1927]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Host:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C354D1A6B7BFFD440B3E570FE4D4D88" baseAuthorityName="Van As &amp; Basson" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[227,440,1901,1926]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Carassius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auratus">
<emphasis id="B941EA8B6B7BFFD440B3E570FE4D4D88" box="[227,440,1901,1926]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Carassius auratus</emphasis>
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and 
<emphasis id="B941EA8B6B7BFFD441A2E570FD294D88" box="[498,732,1901,1926]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
<taxonomicName id="4C354D1A6B7BFFD441A2E570FD2D4D88" baseAuthorityName="J.Richardson" baseAuthorityYear="1845" box="[498,728,1901,1926]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Aristichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nobilis">Aristichthys nobilis</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B941EA8B6B7BFFD44097E588FECA4DA1" bold="true" box="[199,319,1941,1967]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Location:</emphasis>
Gills.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A36996B78FFD74097E28AFD6C4AD4" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,218]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="B941EA8B6B78FFD74097E28AFEAC4ABF" bold="true" box="[199,345,151,177]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Prevalence:</emphasis>
Out of 15 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D1A6B78FFD74189E285FD5B4ABF" baseAuthorityName="Van As &amp; Basson" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[473,686,152,177]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Carassius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auratus">
<emphasis id="B941EA8B6B78FFD74189E285FD5B4ABF" box="[473,686,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Carassius auratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
examined, one was infected (6.7 %); and out of 24 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D1A6B78FFD74540E285FF124AD7" baseAuthorityName="J.Richardson" baseAuthorityYear="1845" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Aristichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nobilis">
<emphasis id="B941EA8B6B78FFD74540E285FF124AD7" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Aristichthys nobilis</emphasis>
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examined, one was infected (4.2 %).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4A66116B78FFD740C7E43FFB874C55" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5097609" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5097609" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5097609/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" startId="6.[151,255,1570,1594]" targetBox="[157,1429,274,1546]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8B8A36996B78FFD740C7E43FFB874C55" blockId="6.[151,1435,1570,1628]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="B941EA8B6B78FFD740C7E43FFEEF4C34" bold="true" box="[151,282,1570,1594]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Photomicrographs of silver impregnated adhesive discs of 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D1A6B78FFD743CFE43FFB904C37" box="[927,1125,1570,1593]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Trichodinidae" genus="Trichodina" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="undefined-a">
<emphasis id="B941EA8B6B78FFD743CFE43FFBE14C37" box="[927,1044,1570,1593]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Trichodina</emphasis>
spp. A
</taxonomicName>
–B. 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D1A6B78FFD744C1E43FFE9C4C55" authority="Van As &amp; Basson, 1989" authorityName="Van As &amp; Basson" authorityYear="1989" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Trichodinidae" genus="Trichodina" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="kazubski">
<emphasis id="B941EA8B6B78FFD744C1E43FFA9F4C37" box="[1169,1386,1570,1593]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Trichodina kazubski</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B686B78FFD74522E43FFE9C4C55" author="Van As, J. G. &amp; Basson, L." pageId="6" pageNumber="45" pagination="157 - 179" refId="ref5751" refString="Van As, J. G. &amp; Basson, L. (1989) A further contribution to the taxonomy of Trichodinidae (Ciliophora: Peritrichia) and a review of the taxonomic status of some fish ectoparasitic trichodinids. Systematic Parasitology, 14, 157 - 179." type="journal article" year="1989">Van As &amp; Basson, 1989</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; C–D: 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D1A6B78FFD741E4E458FC474C55" authority="Kazubski &amp; Migala, 1968" authorityName="Kazubski &amp; Migala" authorityYear="1968" box="[436,946,1604,1628]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Trichodinidae" genus="Trichodina" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="mutabilis">
<emphasis id="B941EA8B6B78FFD741E4E458FD664C52" box="[436,659,1605,1628]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Trichodina mutabilis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B686B78FFD742CAE459FC474C55" author="Kazubski, S. L. &amp; Migala, K." box="[666,946,1604,1627]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" pagination="137 - 169" refId="ref5194" refString="Kazubski, S. L. &amp; Migala, K. (1968) Urceolariidae from breeding carp - Cyprinus carpio L. in Zabeniec and remarks on the seasonal variability of trichodinids. Acta Protozoology 6, 137 - 169." type="journal article" year="1968">Kazubski &amp; Migala, 1968</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Scale bar = 20m.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8A36996B78FFD74097E4AAFD0A4CDF" blockId="6.[151,1437,1719,2025]" box="[199,767,1719,1745]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="B941EA8B6B78FFD74097E4AAFEC24CDF" bold="true" box="[199,311,1719,1745]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Locality:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B5D3CC46B78FFD7416EE4AAFD0F4CDF" box="[318,762,1719,1745]" country="China" latitude="29.083334" location="Chongqing" longLatPrecision="1228" longitude="106.083336" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Chongqing">
<collectingRegion id="49F1F87B6B78FFD7416EE4AAFE364CDF" box="[318,451,1719,1745]" country="China" name="Chongqing" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Chongqing</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F32276096B78FFD7419FE4AAFDE04CDF" box="[463,533,1719,1745]" name="China" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">China</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE01505E6B78FFD74275E4AAFD754CDF" box="[549,640,1719,1745]" degrees="29" direction="north" minutes="5" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" precision="925" value="29.083334">29º5' N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE01505E6B78FFD742DCE4AAFD044CDF" box="[652,753,1719,1745]" degrees="106" direction="east" minutes="5" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" precision="925" value="106.083336">106º5' E</geoCoordinate>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A36996B78FFD74097E4C2FCFC4CF7" blockId="6.[151,1437,1719,2025]" box="[199,777,1759,1785]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="B941EA8B6B78FFD74097E4C2FE514CF7" bold="true" box="[199,420,1759,1785]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Date of sampling:</emphasis>
March, 2004 and April, 2005.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32F65126B78FFD64097E51AFB834D1E" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8A36996B78FFD74097E51AFCFE4D2F" blockId="6.[151,1437,1719,2025]" box="[199,779,1799,1825]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="B941EA8B6B78FFD74097E51AFEAA4D2F" bold="true" box="[199,351,1799,1825]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Description.</emphasis>
Population from 
<emphasis id="B941EA8B6B78FFD7427DE515FCFE4D2F" box="[557,779,1800,1825]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName id="4C354D1A6B78FFD7427DE515FCF34D2F" baseAuthorityName="Van As &amp; Basson" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[557,774,1800,1825]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Carassius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auratus">Carassius auratus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A36996B78FFD64096E532FA9C4AD4" blockId="6.[151,1437,1719,2025]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,152,258]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Medium to large-size with disc-shaped body and cell diameter 56.0 – 74.0µm (62.9 ± 5.6). Diameter of adhesive disc 48.0 – 62.0µm (54.8 ± 3.3). Border membrane 4.0 – 6.0µm (5.1 ± 0.3) in width. Diameter of denticulated ring 35.0 – 42.0µm (38.2 ± 2.3). Number of denticles about 26 – 28 (n = 12). Number of radial pins per denticle 8 – 11 (n = 12). Span of denticle 14.0 – 20.0µm (16.8 ± 2.9). Length of denticle 6.0 – 8.0µm (6.8 ± 1.3). Blade shape broad and oblong, 6.0 – 7.0µm (6.3 ± 0.3) in length. Width of central part 2.0 – 3.0µm (2.6 ± 0.3). Length of ray 6.0 – 10.0µm (8.2 ± 1.7). Nuclear stains not available and therefore no biometric data of nuclear apparatus presented. Adoral ciliary spiral turns about 380º – 400º around peristomial disc.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A36996B79FFD64096E2F5FD854B0F" blockId="7.[151,1436,152,258]" box="[198,624,232,258]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">
Population from 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D1A6B79FFD641DDE2F5FD854B0F" baseAuthorityName="J.Richardson" baseAuthorityYear="1845" box="[397,624,232,257]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Aristichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nobilis">
<emphasis id="B941EA8B6B79FFD641DDE2F5FD854B0F" box="[397,624,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Aristichthys nobilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8A36996B79FFD640C7E69BFCEB4EEC" blockId="7.[151,1436,1158,1250]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="B941EA8B6B79FFD640C7E69BFEEC4E90" bold="true" box="[151,281,1158,1182]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Diagrammatic drawing of the denticles of 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D1A6B79FFD642B9E69BFC584E93" box="[745,941,1158,1181]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Trichodinidae" genus="Trichodina" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="undefined-a">
<emphasis id="B941EA8B6B79FFD642B9E69BFCAB4E93" box="[745,862,1158,1181]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Trichodina</emphasis>
spp. A
</taxonomicName>
–B. 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D1A6B79FFD64388E69BFB1D4E93" authority="Tang &amp; Zhao &amp; Tao, 2007" authorityName="Tang &amp; Zhao &amp; Tao" authorityYear="2007" box="[984,1256,1158,1181]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Trichodinidae" genus="Trichodina" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="subtilihamata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B941EA8B6B79FFD64388E69BFB1D4E93" box="[984,1256,1158,1181]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Trichodina subtilihamata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B941EA8B6B79FFD644BFE69BFAB04E90" bold="true" box="[1263,1349,1158,1182]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27257F06B79FFD644BFE69BFAB04E90" box="[1263,1349,1158,1182]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
; C: 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D1A6B79FFD64524E69BFDAE4ECE" authority="Van As &amp; Basson, 1989" authorityName="Van As &amp; Basson" authorityYear="1989" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Trichodinidae" genus="Trichodina" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="uniforma">
<emphasis id="B941EA8B6B79FFD64524E69BFEA14ECE" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Trichodina uniforma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B686B79FFD6410BE6B4FDAE4ECE" author="Van As, J. G. &amp; Basson, L." box="[347,603,1193,1216]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" pagination="157 - 179" refId="ref5751" refString="Van As, J. G. &amp; Basson, L. (1989) A further contribution to the taxonomy of Trichodinidae (Ciliophora: Peritrichia) and a review of the taxonomic status of some fish ectoparasitic trichodinids. Systematic Parasitology, 14, 157 - 179." type="journal article" year="1989">Van As &amp; Basson, 1989</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; D: 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D1A6B79FFD642D6E6B4FC4D4ECE" authority="Lom, 1960" authorityName="Lom" authorityYear="1960" box="[646,952,1193,1216]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Trichodinidae" genus="Trichodina" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="nigra">
<emphasis id="B941EA8B6B79FFD642D6E6B4FCCE4ECE" box="[646,827,1193,1216]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Trichodina nigra</emphasis>
Lom, 1960
</taxonomicName>
; E–F: 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D1A6B79FFD643ADE6B4FF3A4EEC" authority="Van As &amp; Basson, 1989" authorityName="Van As &amp; Basson" authorityYear="1989" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Trichodinidae" genus="Trichodina" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="kazubski">
<emphasis id="B941EA8B6B79FFD643ADE6B4FB264ECE" box="[1021,1235,1193,1216]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Trichodina kazubski</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B686B79FFD6448AE6B4FF3A4EEC" author="Van As, J. G. &amp; Basson, L." pageId="7" pageNumber="46" pagination="157 - 179" refId="ref5751" refString="Van As, J. G. &amp; Basson, L. (1989) A further contribution to the taxonomy of Trichodinidae (Ciliophora: Peritrichia) and a review of the taxonomic status of some fish ectoparasitic trichodinids. Systematic Parasitology, 14, 157 - 179." type="journal article" year="1989">Van As &amp; Basson, 1989</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; G–H: 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D1A6B79FFD6414CE6D6FCEC4EEC" authority="Kazubski &amp; Migala, 1968" authorityName="Kazubski &amp; Migala" authorityYear="1968" box="[284,793,1227,1250]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Trichodinidae" genus="Trichodina" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="mutabilis">
<emphasis id="B941EA8B6B79FFD6414CE6D6FE0F4EEC" box="[284,506,1227,1250]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Trichodina mutabilis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B686B79FFD64252E6D6FCEC4EEC" author="Kazubski, S. L. &amp; Migala, K." box="[514,793,1227,1250]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" pagination="137 - 169" refId="ref5194" refString="Kazubski, S. L. &amp; Migala, K. (1968) Urceolariidae from breeding carp - Cyprinus carpio L. in Zabeniec and remarks on the seasonal variability of trichodinids. Acta Protozoology 6, 137 - 169." type="journal article" year="1968">Kazubski &amp; Migala, 1968</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8A36996B79FFD64096E70BFF3B4C2E" blockId="7.[151,1436,1302,2008]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">
Cell diameter 57.0 – 65.0µm (61.2 ± 3.3). Diameter of adhesive disc 47.0 – 55.0µm (50.4 ± 3.2). Border membrane 5.0 – 6.0µm (5.8 ± 0.4) in width. Diameter of denticulated ring 29.0 – 34.0µm (31.4 ± 2.1). Number of denticles about 23 – 30 (n = 12). Number of radial pins per denticle 9 – 11 (n = 12). Span of denticle 15.0 – 16.0µm (15.8 ± 0.5). Length of denticle 7.0 – 
<quantity id="4CCD9B7C6B79FFD6435BE793FCA24FA6" box="[779,855,1422,1448]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="8.5">8.5µm</quantity>
(7.9 ± 0.5). Blade shape broad and oblong, 6.0 – 
<quantity id="4CCD9B7C6B79FFD640C7E7ABFF164FDE" box="[151,227,1462,1488]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="6.5">6.5µm</quantity>
(6.1 ± 0.1) in length. Width of central part 
<quantity id="4CCD9B7C6B79FFD642BAE7ABFC8E4FDE" box="[746,891,1462,1488]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="4.5" valueMin="3.5">3.5 – 4.5µm</quantity>
(4.0 ± 0.3). Length of ray 7.0 – 
<quantity id="4CCD9B7C6B79FFD64550E7ABFAB94FDE" box="[1280,1356,1462,1488]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="7.5">7.5µm</quantity>
(7.1 ± 0.2). No availble nuclear apparatus observed. Adoral ciliary spiral turns about 380º – 400º around peristomial disc.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A36996B79FFD64096E433FB834D1E" blockId="7.[151,1436,1302,2008]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="B941EA8B6B79FFD64096E433FD694C46" bold="true" box="[198,668,1582,1608]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">
Description of denticle (
<figureCitation id="130E2A1C6B79FFD641A7E433FD7B4C46" box="[503,654,1582,1608]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1158,1182]" captionTargetBox="[166,1426,315,1145]" captionTargetId="figure-403@7.[166,1426,314,1145]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Diagrammatic drawing of the denticles of Trichodina spp. A–B. Trichodina subtilihamata sp. nov.; C: Trichodina uniforma Van As &amp; Basson, 1989; D: Trichodina nigra Lom, 1960; E–F: Trichodina kazubski Van As &amp; Basson, 1989; G–H: Trichodina mutabilis Kazubski &amp; Migala, 1968." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5097611" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5097611/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Figs. 3G–H</figureCitation>
):
</emphasis>
Blade broad and rectangle; anterior blade surface and posterior surface smooth and straight, and anterior blade surface touching or almost extending past Y+1 axis; distal blade surface straight and almost at the same level as tangent point. Central part relatively developed with rounded point fitting tightly into preceding denticle. Ray connection short but stumpy, inconspicuous and barely distinguishable from ray. Ray relatively developed, straight and directed in anterior. Ray apophysis not prominent and ratio between denticle above and denticle below X axis less than one.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32F65126B79FFD94096E503FF1C489C" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8A36996B79FFD94096E503FB4E4AD4" blockId="7.[151,1436,1302,2008]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1436,152,658]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="B941EA8B6B79FFD64096E503FECA4D36" bold="true" box="[198,319,1822,1848]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C354D1A6B79FFD64117E503FDC84D39" authorityName="Kazubski &amp; Migala" authorityYear="1968" box="[327,573,1822,1847]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Trichodinidae" genus="Trichodina" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="mutabilis">
<emphasis id="B941EA8B6B79FFD64117E503FDC84D39" box="[327,573,1822,1847]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Trichodina mutabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been described from different hosts from various localities mostly in Europe, West Africa and 
<collectingCountry id="F32276096B79FFD64199E55BFDC24D6E" box="[457,567,1862,1888]" name="Australia" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Australia</collectingCountry>
, and mainly from cyprinids and in the majority of cases from the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D1A6B79FFD640C7E573FEF94D89" box="[151,268,1902,1927]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Carassius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B941EA8B6B79FFD640C7E573FEF94D89" box="[151,268,1902,1927]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Carassius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It was originally described from carps by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B686B79FFD64353E573FBCB4D86" author="Kazubski, S. L. &amp; Migala, K." box="[771,1086,1902,1928]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" pagination="137 - 169" refId="ref5194" refString="Kazubski, S. L. &amp; Migala, K. (1968) Urceolariidae from breeding carp - Cyprinus carpio L. in Zabeniec and remarks on the seasonal variability of trichodinids. Acta Protozoology 6, 137 - 169." type="journal article" year="1968">Kazubski &amp; Migala (1968)</bibRefCitation>
and evidently exhibited great variability in morphology. Infestations have been reported from a variety of fish hosts such as 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D1A6B79FFD6448FE58BFF4C4DD9" baseAuthorityName="Van As &amp; Basson" baseAuthorityYear="1989" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Carassius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auratus">
<emphasis id="B941EA8B6B79FFD6448FE58BFF4C4DD9" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Carassius auratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D1A6B79FFD64098E5A3FDEF4DD9" authority=", Leucapsius" authorityName="Leucapsius" box="[200,538,1982,2008]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Cyprinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carpio">
<emphasis id="B941EA8B6B79FFD64098E5A3FE724DD9" box="[200,391,1982,2007]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Cyprinus carpio</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B941EA8B6B79FFD641C6E5A3FDEF4DD9" box="[406,538,1982,2007]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Leucapsius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B941EA8B6B79FFD64272E5A3FD6F4DD9" box="[546,666,1982,2007]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">delineatus</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D1A6B79FFD64284E5A3FC554DD9" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1776" box="[724,928,1982,2007]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Rhodeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sericeus">
<emphasis id="B941EA8B6B79FFD64284E5A3FC554DD9" box="[724,928,1982,2007]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Rhodeus sericeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B686B79FFD643E0E5A3FBB14DD6" author="Lom, J." box="[944,1092,1982,2008]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" pagination="113 - 125" refId="ref5406" refString="Lom, J. (1970 b) Trichodinid ciliates (Peritrichida: Urceolariidae) from some marine fishes. Folia Parasitologica, 17, 113 - 125." type="journal article" year="1970">Lom, 1970b</bibRefCitation>
; Basson, et al., 1983; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B686B79FFD94516E5A3FEA24ABC" author="Van As, J. G. &amp; Basson, L." lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" pagination="157 - 179" refId="ref5751" refString="Van As, J. G. &amp; Basson, L. (1989) A further contribution to the taxonomy of Trichodinidae (Ciliophora: Peritrichia) and a review of the taxonomic status of some fish ectoparasitic trichodinids. Systematic Parasitology, 14, 157 - 179." type="journal article" year="1989">Van As &amp; Basson, 1989</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B686B76FFD94133E285FD454ABC" author="Dove, A. D. M. &amp; O'Donoghue, P. J." box="[355,688,152,178]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" pagination="51 - 60" refId="ref5079" refString="Dove, A. D. M. &amp; O'Donoghue, P. J. (2005) Trichodinids (Ciliophora: Trichodinidae) from native and exotic Australian freshwater fishes. Acta Protozoology, 44, 51 - 60." type="journal article" year="2005">Dove &amp; O’Donoghue, 2005</bibRefCitation>
). All these descriptions, however, vary in the denticle morphology, suggesting that perhaps these descriptions represent an assemblage of similar species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A36996B76FFD94097E2F5FC504BC4" blockId="8.[151,1436,152,658]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">
Two populations of 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D1A6B76FFD941E3E2F5FDCB4B0F" authorityName="Kazubski &amp; Migala" authorityYear="1968" box="[435,574,232,258]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Trichodinidae" genus="Trichodina" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="mutabilis">
<emphasis id="B941EA8B6B76FFD941E3E2F5FE344B0F" box="[435,449,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">T</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B941EA8B6B76FFD94181E2F5FDCB4B0F" box="[465,574,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">mutabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D1A6B76FFD942D6E2F5FCA84B0F" baseAuthorityName="Van As &amp; Basson" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[646,861,232,257]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Carassius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auratus">
<emphasis id="B941EA8B6B76FFD942D6E2F5FCA84B0F" box="[646,861,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Carassius auratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D1A6B76FFD943C7E2F5FB8E4B0F" baseAuthorityName="J.Richardson" baseAuthorityYear="1845" box="[919,1147,232,257]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Aristichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nobilis">
<emphasis id="B941EA8B6B76FFD943C7E2F5FB8E4B0F" box="[919,1147,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Aristichthys nobilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were investigated in the present study, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D1A6B76FFD94120E30DFDA64B27" baseAuthorityName="J.Richardson" baseAuthorityYear="1845" box="[368,595,272,297]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Aristichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nobilis">
<emphasis id="B941EA8B6B76FFD94120E30DFDA64B27" box="[368,595,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Aristichthys nobilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a new host record for 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D1A6B76FFD94324E30DFC084B27" authorityName="Kazubski &amp; Migala" authorityYear="1968" box="[884,1021,272,298]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Trichodinidae" genus="Trichodina" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="mutabilis">
<emphasis id="B941EA8B6B76FFD94324E30DFC774B27" box="[884,898,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">T</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B941EA8B6B76FFD943C0E30DFC084B27" box="[912,1021,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">mutabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The specimens from the two hosts show very small range of variability in the denticle morphology. In the population from 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D1A6B76FFD94493E325FA6E4B5F" baseAuthorityName="Van As &amp; Basson" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[1219,1435,312,337]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Carassius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auratus">
<emphasis id="B941EA8B6B76FFD94493E325FA6E4B5F" box="[1219,1435,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Carassius auratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="130E2A1C6B76FFD940F0E37DFEF74B74" box="[160,258,352,378]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1158,1182]" captionTargetBox="[166,1426,315,1145]" captionTargetId="figure-403@7.[166,1426,314,1145]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Diagrammatic drawing of the denticles of Trichodina spp. A–B. Trichodina subtilihamata sp. nov.; C: Trichodina uniforma Van As &amp; Basson, 1989; D: Trichodina nigra Lom, 1960; E–F: Trichodina kazubski Van As &amp; Basson, 1989; G–H: Trichodina mutabilis Kazubski &amp; Migala, 1968." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5097611" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5097611/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Figs.3G</figureCitation>
), blade connection is broad and the tip of central part is not extending than half way to Y-1 axis; whereas in population from 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D1A6B76FFD941B3E395FD324BAF" baseAuthorityName="J.Richardson" baseAuthorityYear="1845" box="[483,711,392,417]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Aristichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nobilis">
<emphasis id="B941EA8B6B76FFD941B3E395FD324BAF" box="[483,711,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Aristichthys nobilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="130E2A1C6B76FFD94288E395FCCF4BAC" box="[728,826,392,418]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1158,1182]" captionTargetBox="[166,1426,315,1145]" captionTargetId="figure-403@7.[166,1426,314,1145]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Diagrammatic drawing of the denticles of Trichodina spp. A–B. Trichodina subtilihamata sp. nov.; C: Trichodina uniforma Van As &amp; Basson, 1989; D: Trichodina nigra Lom, 1960; E–F: Trichodina kazubski Van As &amp; Basson, 1989; G–H: Trichodina mutabilis Kazubski &amp; Migala, 1968." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5097611" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5097611/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Figs.3H</figureCitation>
), blade connection is delicate and tip of central part is extending more than half way to Y-1 axis even touches Y-1 axis.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A36996B76FFD94097E3C5FF1C489C" blockId="8.[151,1436,152,658]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">
<taxonomicName id="4C354D1A6B76FFD94097E3C5FEA44BFF" authorityName="Kazubski &amp; Migala" authorityYear="1968" box="[199,337,472,498]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Trichodinidae" genus="Trichodina" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="mutabilis">
<emphasis id="B941EA8B6B76FFD94097E3C5FF204BFF" box="[199,213,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">T</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B941EA8B6B76FFD940B4E3C5FEA44BFF" box="[228,337,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">mutabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a well known and widely distributed gill parasite from mainly carp in Europe. In southern Africa, it was only found on the host, 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D1A6B76FFD94236E01DFB764814" authority="(Van As &amp; Basson, 1989)" baseAuthorityName="Van As &amp; Basson" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[614,1155,512,538]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Carassius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auratus">
<emphasis id="B941EA8B6B76FFD94236E01DFCCB4817" box="[614,830,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Carassius auratus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B686B76FFD94300E01DFB8C4814" author="Van As, J. G. &amp; Basson, L." box="[848,1145,512,538]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" pagination="157 - 179" refId="ref5751" refString="Van As, J. G. &amp; Basson, L. (1989) A further contribution to the taxonomy of Trichodinidae (Ciliophora: Peritrichia) and a review of the taxonomic status of some fish ectoparasitic trichodinids. Systematic Parasitology, 14, 157 - 179." type="journal article" year="1989">Van As &amp; Basson, 1989</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Later, fins and gills of 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D1A6B76FFD940C7E035FEA2484F" box="[151,343,552,577]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Cyprinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carpio">
<emphasis id="B941EA8B6B76FFD940C7E035FEA2484F" box="[151,343,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Cyprinus carpio</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Australian were found to be parasitized by this species (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B686B76FFD94443E035FA91484C" author="Dove, A. D. M. &amp; O'Donoghue, P. J." box="[1043,1380,552,578]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" pagination="51 - 60" refId="ref5079" refString="Dove, A. D. M. &amp; O'Donoghue, P. J. (2005) Trichodinids (Ciliophora: Trichodinidae) from native and exotic Australian freshwater fishes. Acta Protozoology, 44, 51 - 60." type="journal article" year="2005">Dove &amp; O’Donoghue, 2005</bibRefCitation>
). Up to now, it has not been reported in Asia, so as a new area distribution, 
<collectingRegion id="49F1F87B6B76FFD9438DE04DFBAA4864" box="[989,1119,592,618]" country="China" name="Chongqing" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Chongqing</collectingRegion>
<collectingCountry id="F32276096B76FFD94438E04DFB5B4864" box="[1128,1198,592,618]" name="China" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">China</collectingCountry>
established the first record.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>