191 lines
19 KiB
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191 lines
19 KiB
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<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6678191" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-08-4" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6678191" approvalRequired="25" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="22" approvalRequired_for_treatments="3" checkinTime="1655746672033" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Russell A. Mittermeier & Don E. Wilson" docDate="2018" docId="0380B547B64BFF9B9ABBF9D5F5BAC77C" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_8_Talpidae_0552.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 8 Insectivores, Sloths and Colugos, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Mogera wogura" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="615" masterDocId="FFB9CD3FB65FFF8F9A30FF87FF98C371" masterDocTitle="Talpidae" masterLastPageNumber="619" masterPageNumber="52" pageNumber="615" updateTime="1657801303010" updateUser="valdenar">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Talpidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2018</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2018-07-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 8 Insectivores, Sloths and Colugos</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>52</mods:start>
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<mods:end>619</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6678191</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-08-4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6678191</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6671984" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6671984" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0380B547B64BFF9B9ABBF9D5F5BAC77C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0380B547B64BFF9B9ABBF9D5F5BAC77C" lastPageNumber="615" pageId="20" pageNumber="615">
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<heading pageId="20" pageNumber="615">
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<subSubSection box="[139,196,1618,1668]" pageId="20" pageNumber="615" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="20.[137,1036,1618,1749]" box="[139,196,1618,1668]" pageId="20" pageNumber="615">
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<figureCitation box="[139,196,1618,1668]" captionStart="Plate 27: Talpidae" captionStartId="14.[140,170,3248,3273]" captionTargetBox="[11,2748,15,3635]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="22. Altai Mole (Talpa altaica), 23. Pere David’s Mole (Talpa davidiana), 24. Talysch Mole (Talpa talyschensis), 25. Ognev’s Mole (Talpa ognevi), 26. Caucasian Mole (Talpa caucasica), 27. Levant Mole (Talpa levantis), 28. Balkan Mole (Talpa stankovici), 29. Blind Mole (Talpa caeca), 30. Roman Mole (Talpa romana), 31. Iberian Mole (Talpa occidentalis), 32. European Mole (Talpa europaea), 33. Aquitanian Mole (Talpa aquitania), 34. Japanese Mountain Mole (Oreoscaptor mizura), 35. Ussuri Mole (Mogera robusta), 36. Large Japanese Mole (Mogera wogura), 37. Small Japanese Mole (Mogera imaizumii), 38. Sado Mole (Mogera tokudae), 39. Echigo Mole (Mogera etigo), 40. Senkaku Mole (Mogera uchidai), 41. Insular Mole (Mogera insularis), 42. Kano’s Mole (Mogera kanoana), 43. La Touche’s Mole (Mogera latoucher), 44. Himalayan Mole (Ewroscaptor micrurus), 45. Greater Chinese Mole (Euroscaptor grandis), 46. Long-nosed Mole (Euroscaptor longurostris), 47. Kloss’s Mole (Euroscaptor klosst), 48. Kuznetsov’s Mole (Euroscaptor kuznetsovi), 49. Orlov’s Mole (Euroscaptor orlovi), 50. Vietnamese Mole (Euroscaptor subanura), 51. Small-toothed Mole (Euroscaptor parvidens), 52. Malaysian Mole (Euroscaptor malayanus), 53. White-tailed Mole (Parascaptor lewcurus), 54. Short-faced Mole (Scaptochirus moschatus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6678253" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6678253/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="615">36.</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[213,648,1618,1668]" pageId="20" pageNumber="615" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="20.[137,1036,1618,1749]" box="[213,648,1618,1668]" pageId="20" pageNumber="615">
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<vernacularName box="[213,648,1618,1668]" pageId="20" pageNumber="615">Large Japanese Mole</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[701,994,1618,1668]" pageId="20" pageNumber="615" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="20.[137,1036,1618,1749]" box="[701,994,1618,1668]" pageId="20" pageNumber="615">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Temminck" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[701,994,1618,1668]" class="Mammalia" family="Talpidae" genus="Mogera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="20" pageNumber="615" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wogura">
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<emphasis box="[701,994,1618,1668]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="615">Mogera wogura</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="615" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="20.[137,1036,1618,1749]" box="[138,1035,1686,1707]" pageId="20" pageNumber="615">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[138,214,1686,1707]" pageId="20" pageNumber="615">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[219,415,1686,1707]" pageId="20" pageNumber="615">Taupe de Temminck</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[436,526,1686,1707]" pageId="20" pageNumber="615">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[535,697,1686,1707]" pageId="20" pageNumber="615">Japan-Maulwurf</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[717,808,1686,1707]" pageId="20" pageNumber="615">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[814,1035,1686,1707]" pageId="20" pageNumber="615">Topo de Japén grande</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="20.[137,1036,1618,1749]" box="[138,823,1726,1747]" pageId="20" pageNumber="615">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[138,384,1726,1747]" pageId="20" pageNumber="615">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[393,638,1726,1747]" pageId="20" pageNumber="615">Japanese Western Mole</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName box="[648,823,1726,1747]" pageId="20" pageNumber="615">Temminck's Mole</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</heading>
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<subSubSection box="[749,1339,1792,1825]" pageId="20" pageNumber="615" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="20.[744,1341,1792,2219]" box="[749,1339,1792,1825]" pageId="20" pageNumber="615">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[749,904,1792,1825]" pageId="20" pageNumber="615">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Temminck, 1842" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1842" box="[919,1334,1792,1825]" class="Mammalia" family="Talpidae" genus="Talpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="20" pageNumber="615" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wogura">Talpa wogura Temminck, 1842</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="615" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="20.[744,1341,1792,2219]" lastBlockId="20.[136,1343,2225,3478]" pageId="20" pageNumber="615">
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<materialsCitation pageId="20" pageNumber="615">
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Japan. Restricted by O. Thomas in 1905 to “Yokohama,” but H. Abe in 1995 consid- ered it “probably ... Nagasaki Prefecture or somewhere else where small-bodied moles are found in west or south Kyushu.” Before 1995,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1842" box="[951,1098,2028,2061]" class="Mammalia" family="Talpidae" genus="Talpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="20" pageNumber="615" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wogura">M. wogura</taxonomicName>
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had often been classified as
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1905" box="[921,1048,2068,2101]" class="Mammalia" family="Talpidae" genus="Mogera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="20" pageNumber="615" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kobeae">M. kobeae</taxonomicName>
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because type locality of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1842" box="[789,930,2107,2140]" class="Mammalia" family="Talpidae" genus="Talpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="20" pageNumber="615" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wogura">M. wogura</taxonomicName>
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was erroneously regarded to be Yokohama (E Honshu). Type locality is now fixed at Nagasaki (Kyushu), and the species name changed to
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1842" box="[499,640,2225,2258]" class="Mammalia" family="Talpidae" genus="Talpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="20" pageNumber="615" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wogura">M. wogura</taxonomicName>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="615" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="20.[136,1343,2225,3478]" pageId="20" pageNumber="615">
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In a molecular phylogeographic study,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Nehring" authorityYear="1891" box="[1205,1343,2225,2258]" class="Mammalia" family="Talpidae" genus="Mogera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="20" pageNumber="615" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robusta">M. robusta</taxonomicName>
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was paraphyletic with respect to
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1842" box="[617,763,2265,2298]" class="Mammalia" family="Talpidae" genus="Talpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="20" pageNumber="615" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wogura">M. wogura</taxonomicName>
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. Phylogenetic history and speciation of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1842" box="[138,280,2304,2337]" class="Mammalia" family="Talpidae" genus="Talpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="20" pageNumber="615" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wogura">M. wogura</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Nehring" authorityYear="1891" box="[354,493,2304,2337]" class="Mammalia" family="Talpidae" genus="Mogera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="20" pageNumber="615" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robusta">M. robusta</taxonomicName>
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are still under debate. Molecular study showed several geographical clusters also within
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1842" box="[552,693,2343,2376]" class="Mammalia" family="Talpidae" genus="Talpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="20" pageNumber="615" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wogura">M. wogura</taxonomicName>
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. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="615" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6678209" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6678209" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6678209/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="615" targetBox="[134,725,1800,2207]" targetPageId="20">
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<paragraph blockId="20.[136,1343,2225,3478]" pageId="20" pageNumber="615">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[137,313,2382,2415]" pageId="20" pageNumber="615">Distribution.</emphasis>
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WJapan (W Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu and adjacentislands of Tsushima, Goto Is, Yakushima, Tanegashima, Oki Is, Yashirojima, Shodoshima, and Awajishima); E limit of distribution on Honshu is located across Ishikawa, Gifu, Nagano, and Shizuoka prefectures.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="615" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="20.[136,1343,2225,3478]" pageId="20" pageNumber="615">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[138,388,2544,2573]" pageId="20" pageNumber="615">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head—body 123-180 mm, tail 11:5-29 mm, hindfoot 15-5-23 mm; weight 62:9-178 g. Tail of the Large Japanese Mole is 8:5-17-9% of head—body length. Body size is variable geographically; individuals from broad, humid plains are usually larger than those from mountain regions. Populations on Yaku Island and Tane Island south of Kyushu are smallest in body size. Body is cylindrical, snout is relatively wide, and eyes are small and hidden in fur. Tail is short and rather hairy. Pelage varies in color. Summer pelage is dark grayish black or reddish brown above and slightly paler below; throat and upper chest are ocherous tawny or orange in adults. Pelage is much darker in summer than in winter. Albinism was reported. Skull is characterized by broader rostrum, narrow and nearly cylindrical interorbital portion, angular and shorter braincase, and rounded arc-like upper incisor row. Dental formula is I 3/2, C 1/1,P4/4,M 3/3 (x2) =42. Dental anomalies were found in 6-4% of individuals with absent, supernumerary, and connate teeth. There are 7 cervical, 14 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 6 sacral, and 12 caudal vertebrae. There are 4 pairs of mammae: 1-2 pectoral, 1-2 abdominal, and one inguinal. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 36 and FNa = 52.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="615" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="20.[136,1343,2225,3478]" pageId="20" pageNumber="615">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[138,246,3138,3163]" pageId="20" pageNumber="615">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Various habitats, including forests, grasslands, pastures, farms, and levees in paddy fields. Greatest skull length is related with quality of habitat, and there also is a negative correlation between skull size and mean minimum temperature. Size variation is not constant across all populations because Large Japanese Moles are also smaller in narrow valleys. The Large Japanese Mole is sympatric with the Japanese Mountain Mole (
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<taxonomicName box="[149,391,3327,3360]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Oreoscaptor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="20" pageNumber="614" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="mizura">Oreoscaptor mizura</taxonomicName>
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) and the Small Japanese Mole (
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Kuroda" baseAuthorityYear="1957" box="[839,1012,3327,3360]" class="Mammalia" family="Talpidae" genus="Mogera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="20" pageNumber="615" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="imaizumii">M. imaizumii</taxonomicName>
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) on Honshu. In Kanazawa Plain, sympatry with the SmallJapanese Mole was documented in the Tedori alluvial fan. The LargeJapanese Mole was found in areas with softer soil, and the SmallJapanese Mole inhabited hardersoils. Deserted latrines were found 15-35 cm underground.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="615" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="20.[1410,2617,294,1041]" pageId="20" pageNumber="615">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1412,1673,294,327]" pageId="20" pageNumber="615">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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The Large Japanese Mole mainly eats earthworms (Pheretima spp.). Other food items include larvae of coleopterans and lepidopterans, mole crickets (Gryllotalpa orientalis), and species of Chilopoda, Hemiptera, and
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<taxonomicName box="[2331,2439,373,406]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="615" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="615" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="20.[1410,2617,294,1041]" pageId="20" pageNumber="615">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1412,1547,412,445]" pageId="20" pageNumber="615">Breeding.</emphasis>
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The Large Japanese Mole usually breeds in late April to mid-June. Young were born in mid-May to early June, and litters had 3-6 young. Breeding season is, therefore, usually limited to spring and summer, but autumn breeding can occur based on juveniles collected in October. Maximum life span is estimated to be four years based on molar wear, and five annual rings were observed in upper canines.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="615" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="20.[1410,2617,294,1041]" pageId="20" pageNumber="615">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1410,1650,609,642]" pageId="20" pageNumber="615">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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Large Japanese Moles are diurnal and fossorial. Nests with single entrances are 4-9 x 4-5 cm in diameter and 34-50 cm deep. They are constructed with fallen broad leaves pressed to the wall of the nest chamber. Main nesting materials were leaves of
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<taxonomicName box="[1616,1692,727,760]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="20" pageNumber="615" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Fagus</taxonomicName>
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crenata and
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<taxonomicName box="[1868,1969,727,760]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="20" pageNumber="615" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Quercus</taxonomicName>
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crispula, both
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<taxonomicName box="[2171,2300,727,760]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="20" pageNumber="615" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fagaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, with a mix of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[2511,2613,727,760]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Sasa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="20" pageNumber="615" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">Sasa sp.</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[1425,1542,771,800]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="20" pageNumber="615" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
) and some other plant species. Tunnels are 4.6-7 cm in diameter.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection box="[1412,2351,811,840]" pageId="20" pageNumber="615" type="biology_ecology">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph blockId="20.[1410,2617,294,1041]" box="[1412,2351,811,840]" pageId="20" pageNumber="615">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1412,2112,811,840]" pageId="20" pageNumber="615">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
No information.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection box="[1412,2462,846,879]" pageId="20" pageNumber="615" type="conservation">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph blockId="20.[1410,2617,294,1041]" box="[1412,2462,846,879]" pageId="20" pageNumber="615">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1412,1761,846,879]" pageId="20" pageNumber="615">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="615" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph blockId="20.[1410,2617,294,1041]" pageId="20" pageNumber="615">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1413,1565,894,919]" pageId="20" pageNumber="615">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Abe (1967, 1968, 1995, 1996), Corbet (1978), Kashimura, Moteki, Shinohara et al. (2010), Kawada (2016), Kawada, Endo et al. (2011), Kawada, Harada et al. (2001), Kirihara et al. (2013), Koh Hung-Sun et al. (2012), Moribe & Yokohata (2011), Motokawa (2004), Motokawa & Abe (1996), Ohdachi et al. (2015), Sagara & Abe (1993), Sagara, Abe & Okabe (1993), Sagara, Kobayashi et al. (1989), Thomas (1905), Yoshiyuki (1986).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</treatment>
|
|||
|
|
</document>
|