treatments-xml/data/03/EA/F0/03EAF012FF988C345DA77DFCFE2554B2.xml

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<mods:title id="60463F86D191D64AB41632E63733AC90">Revision of the southern South American species of Philonthus Stephens (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) 2595</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="8BFC4104FF988C355DA77DFCFD575650" blockId="20.[151,767,1271,1332]" box="[151,767,1271,1297]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<heading id="D0B4F668FF988C355DA77DFCFD575650" bold="true" box="[151,767,1271,1297]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C433A87FF988C355DA77DFCFD575650" ID-CoL="6V9M5" authority="Lynch-Arribalzaga, 1884" authorityName="Lynch-Arribalzaga" authorityYear="1884" box="[151,767,1271,1297]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Philonthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="convexicollis">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FF988C355DA77DFCFD575650" bold="true" box="[151,767,1271,1297]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FF988C355DA77DFCFE685650" bold="true" box="[151,448,1271,1297]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Philonthus convexicollis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD23CF5FF988C355CF77DFCFD575650" author="Lynch-Arribalzaga, F." box="[455,767,1271,1297]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="5 - 256" refId="ref50700" refString="Lynch-Arribalzaga, F. (1884) Estafilinos de Buenos Aires. Boletin de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias, Cordoba, 7, 5 - 256." type="journal article" year="1884">Lynch-Arribálzaga, 1884</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C359128FFF988C355DA77C11FEC75675" box="[151,367,1306,1332]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFC4104FF988C355DA77C11FEC75675" blockId="20.[151,767,1271,1332]" box="[151,367,1306,1332]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
(
<figureCitation id="13785D81FF988C355DAF7C11FE865675" box="[159,302,1306,1332]" captionStart="FIGURES 42–59" captionStartId="23.[151,269,1876,1900]" captionTargetBox="[250,1364,214,1870]" captionTargetId="figure-101@23.[232,1365,194,1870]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 42–59. P. convexicollis: sternum 8, male (42); sternum 9 (43); tergum 10, male (44); aedoeagus, dorsal view (45); paramere, ventral side (46); aedoeagus, lateral view (47); gonocoxites of female genital segment (48). P. cribriventris: sternum 9, (49); tergum 10, male (50); aedoeagus, lateral view (51); aedoeagus, dorsal view (52); gonocoxites of female genital segment (53). P. discoideus: sternum 9 (54); tergum 10, male (55); aedoeagus, dorsal view (56); paramere, ventral side (57); tergum 10, female (58); gonocoxites of female genital segment (59)." pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Figs. 42–48</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13785D81FF988C355C0A7C11FECF5675" box="[314,359,1306,1332]" captionStart="FIGURE 145" captionStartId="53.[151,255,2011,2035]" captionTargetBox="[316,1281,338,1980]" captionTargetId="figure-71@53.[306,1281,338,1990]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 145. Distribution of P. bruchianus,, P. convexicollis, P. hepaticus and P. politus in southern South America." pageId="20" pageNumber="21">145</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C359128FFF988C355DA77C6EFE8756FD" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BFC4104FF988C355DA77C6EFE8756FD" blockId="20.[151,1437,1381,1468]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB53662AFF988C355DA77C6EFE8756FD" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<treatmentCitation id="0AE26715FF988C355DA77C6EFD40563D" author="Lynch-Arribalzaga, F." box="[151,744,1381,1404]" page="157" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" year="1884">
<taxonomicName id="4C433A87FF988C355DA77C6EFD40563D" ID-CoL="6V9M5" authority="Lynch-Arribalzaga, 1884: 157" authorityName="Lynch-Arribalzaga" authorityPageNumber="157" authorityYear="1884" box="[151,744,1381,1404]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Philonthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="convexicollis">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FF988C355DA77C6EFE34563D" box="[151,412,1381,1404]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Philonthus convexicollis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD23CF5FF988C355C937C6EFD40563D" author="Lynch-Arribalzaga, F." box="[419,744,1381,1404]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="5 - 256" refId="ref50700" refString="Lynch-Arribalzaga, F. (1884) Estafilinos de Buenos Aires. Boletin de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias, Cordoba, 7, 5 - 256." type="journal article" year="1884">Lynch-Arribálzaga, 1884: 157</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AE26715FF988C355FC47C6EFBC6563D" author="Bernhauer, M. &amp; Schubert, K." box="[756,1134,1381,1404]" page="333" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" year="1914">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD23CF5FF988C355FC47C6EFBC6563D" author="Bernhauer, M. &amp; Schubert, K." box="[756,1134,1381,1404]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="289 - 408" refId="ref48046" refString="Bernhauer, M. &amp; Schubert, K. (1914) Staphylinidae IV. In: Schenkling, S. (Ed.), Coleopterorum Catalogus, 5 (57). W. Junk, Berlin, pp. 289 - 408." type="book chapter" year="1914">Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 333</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(catalog); 
<treatmentCitation id="0AE26715FF988C3559D27C6EFA34563D" author="Bruch, C." box="[1250,1436,1381,1404]" page="444" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" year="1915">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD23CF5FF988C3559D27C6EFA34563D" author="Bruch, C." box="[1250,1436,1381,1404]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="235 - 302" refId="ref48330" refString="Bruch, C. (1915) Catalogo Sistematico de los coleopteros de la Republica Argentina. Pars VI. Revista del Museo de La Plata, 19 (Segunda Serie) (6), 235 - 302." type="journal article" year="1915">Bruch, 1915: 444</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(catalog); 
<treatmentCitation id="0AE26715FF988C355C047C8EFD9C56DD" author="Blackwelder, R. E." box="[308,564,1413,1436]" page="132" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" year="1944">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD23CF5FF988C355C047C8EFD9C56DD" author="Blackwelder, R. E." box="[308,564,1413,1436]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 188" refId="ref48153" refString="Blackwelder, R. E. (1944) Checklist of the Coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and South America. Part I. United States National Museum Bulletin, 185, 1 - 188." type="journal article" year="1944">Blackwelder, 1944: 132</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(list); 
<treatmentCitation id="0AE26715FF988C355F4B7C8EFC8E56DD" author="Frank, J. H." box="[635,806,1413,1436]" page="38" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" year="1982">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD23CF5FF988C355F4B7C8EFC8E56DD" author="Frank, J. H." box="[635,806,1413,1436]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 118" refId="ref49676" refString="Frank, J. H. (1982) The parasites of the Staphylinidae (Coleoptera). A contribution towards an encyclopedia of the Staphylinidae. University of Florida Agr. Exp. Stations, Technical Bulletin, 824, i - vii + 1 - 118 pp." type="book chapter" year="1982">Frank, 1982: 38</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(list); 
<treatmentCitation id="0AE26715FF988C355E5E7C8EFBF056DD" author="Herman, L. H." box="[878,1112,1413,1436]" page="2788" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" year="2001">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD23CF5FF988C355E5E7C8EFBF056DD" author="Herman, L. H." box="[878,1112,1413,1436]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="2441 - 3020" refId="ref50050" refString="Herman, L. H. (2001 b) Catalog of the Staphylinidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). 1758 to the end of the second millennium. Part V. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 265, 2441 - 3020." type="journal article" year="2001">Herman, 2001b: 2788</bibRefCitation>
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(catalog); Chani-Posse, 2004: 230 (list).
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C359128FFF988C355DA77CE1FCF755FE" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BFC4104FF988C355DA77CE1FCF755FE" blockId="20.[151,1436,1514,2026]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FF988C355DA77CE1FEBF5545" bold="true" box="[151,279,1514,1540]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C433A87FF988C355C2F7CE0FD975545" authorityName="Lynch-Arribalzaga" authorityYear="1884" box="[287,575,1515,1540]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Philonthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="convexicollis">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FF988C355C2F7CE0FD975545" box="[287,575,1515,1540]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Philonthus convexicollis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may be identified by the antennal segment 2 shorter than segment 3, the eyes about as long as temples, the distance separating medial interocular punctures on frons twice as large as distance separating medial punctures from lateral punctures, the male tergum 10 arcuate apically, and the apex of median lobe subacute. It differs from other southern South American species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C433A87FF988C3559A17F50FABC5535" baseAuthorityName="Smetana" baseAuthorityYear="1995" box="[1169,1300,1627,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Philonthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FF988C3559A17F50FABC5535" box="[1169,1300,1627,1652]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Philonthus</emphasis>
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by the last segment of labial palpus 1.5 times as long as preceding segment, the submentum about 1.5 times as long as mentum, and the male sternum 8 deeply emarginate apically.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C359128FFF988C345DF57FC1FEED5671" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFC4104FF988C355DF57FC1FEB15415" blockId="20.[151,1436,1514,2026]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FF988C355DF57FC1FED555A5" bold="true" box="[197,381,1738,1764]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Redescription.</emphasis>
Length of the body 
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. Coloration. Head castaneous- piceous to black; thorax and elytra castaneous-piceous to castaneous-brunneous; abdominal segments castaneous-piceous; first three antennal segments castaneous-brunneous, other segments castaneous-piceous, palpi and legs castaneousbrunneous.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC4104FF988C345DF57E6BFC57522D" blockId="20.[151,1436,1514,2026]" lastBlockId="21.[151,1437,152,2035]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Head about as long as wide (HW/HL= 1.1–1.0) and at basal third as wide as distal third in both sexes, distinctly narrower than pronotum (HW/PW= 0.77–0.72); dorsal surface coarsely and moderately punctate, with three to four postocular punctures and three to four epicranial punctures; distance separating medial interocular punctures on frons twice as large as distance separating medial punctures from lateral punctures; infraorbital ridge present, reaching postgenal ridge. Eyes about as long as temples (EL/TL= 1.00–0.85) seen from above. Antennae with segment 1 slightly shorter than segments 2 and 3 combined, segment 2 shorter than segment 3, segments 4–10 elongate. Maxillary palpus with segment 2 not swollen, no more than twice as long as its maximum width; last segment fusiform, about 1.5 times longer than segment 3. Submentum about 1.5 times as long as mentum. Labial palpus with last segment 1.4–1.8 times as long as preceding segment. Neck more than 0.5 times as wide as head at widest point (NW/HW= 0.7).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC4104FF998C345DF57873FCD15045" blockId="21.[151,1437,152,2035]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Pronotum about as long as wide (PW/PL= 1.09–0.96), distinctly narrowed anteriad; dorsal surface of pronotum with two rows of punctures, each with five punctures. Hypomeron not visible in lateral view. Basisternum with medial longitudinal carina moderately developed, bulbous. Metasternum with circummesocoxal ridge broadly rounded medially. Elytra at sides moderately to distinctly longer than pronotum at midline (EtL/PL=1.4–1.2), distinctly longer than elytra along suture (EtL/Etl= 1.8–1.6); transverse distance between punctures about as large as to distinctly smaller than diameters of punctures. Both front and middle tarsi as long as front and middle tibiae; first segment of hind tarsus as long as segments 2 and 3 combined, and longer than last segment (S1/S5= 1.4). Abdominal terga distinctly punctuate at basal area, distance separating punctures distinctly smaller than diameters of punctures; terga 2 and 3 with elevated area between basal lines punctuate, posterior basal line straight medially. Male sternum 7 with apical margin slightly notched at middle. Tergum 
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both sexes with posterior margin truncate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC4104FF998C345DF57A04FC065749" blockId="21.[151,1437,152,2035]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Male genitalia. Sternum 8 deeply emarginate medio-apically (
<figureCitation id="13785D81FF998C345EF77A04FB8D5068" box="[967,1061,783,809]" captionStart="FIGURES 42–59" captionStartId="23.[151,269,1876,1900]" captionTargetBox="[250,1364,214,1870]" captionTargetId="figure-101@23.[232,1365,194,1870]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 42–59. P. convexicollis: sternum 8, male (42); sternum 9 (43); tergum 10, male (44); aedoeagus, dorsal view (45); paramere, ventral side (46); aedoeagus, lateral view (47); gonocoxites of female genital segment (48). P. cribriventris: sternum 9, (49); tergum 10, male (50); aedoeagus, lateral view (51); aedoeagus, dorsal view (52); gonocoxites of female genital segment (53). P. discoideus: sternum 9 (54); tergum 10, male (55); aedoeagus, dorsal view (56); paramere, ventral side (57); tergum 10, female (58); gonocoxites of female genital segment (59)." pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 42</figureCitation>
). Tergum 10 wide and arcuate medio-apically (
<figureCitation id="13785D81FF998C345C557A3FFE6C500F" box="[357,452,820,846]" captionStart="FIGURES 42–59" captionStartId="23.[151,269,1876,1900]" captionTargetBox="[250,1364,214,1870]" captionTargetId="figure-101@23.[232,1365,194,1870]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 42–59. P. convexicollis: sternum 8, male (42); sternum 9 (43); tergum 10, male (44); aedoeagus, dorsal view (45); paramere, ventral side (46); aedoeagus, lateral view (47); gonocoxites of female genital segment (48). P. cribriventris: sternum 9, (49); tergum 10, male (50); aedoeagus, lateral view (51); aedoeagus, dorsal view (52); gonocoxites of female genital segment (53). P. discoideus: sternum 9 (54); tergum 10, male (55); aedoeagus, dorsal view (56); paramere, ventral side (57); tergum 10, female (58); gonocoxites of female genital segment (59)." pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 44</figureCitation>
), with four long subapical macrosetae and 2–6 apical setae. Sternum 9 deeply emarginate apically with basal portion asymmetrical, two long subapical macrosetae and three apical setae at each side (
<figureCitation id="13785D81FF998C345C277A74FED950D8" box="[279,369,895,921]" captionStart="FIGURES 42–59" captionStartId="23.[151,269,1876,1900]" captionTargetBox="[250,1364,214,1870]" captionTargetId="figure-101@23.[232,1365,194,1870]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 42–59. P. convexicollis: sternum 8, male (42); sternum 9 (43); tergum 10, male (44); aedoeagus, dorsal view (45); paramere, ventral side (46); aedoeagus, lateral view (47); gonocoxites of female genital segment (48). P. cribriventris: sternum 9, (49); tergum 10, male (50); aedoeagus, lateral view (51); aedoeagus, dorsal view (52); gonocoxites of female genital segment (53). P. discoideus: sternum 9 (54); tergum 10, male (55); aedoeagus, dorsal view (56); paramere, ventral side (57); tergum 10, female (58); gonocoxites of female genital segment (59)." pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
). Aedeagus with median lobe gradually narrowed from apical third; apex of median lobe subacute (in dorsal view) and simple in its apical fourth (in lateral view); paramere elongate and entire, leaflike, reaching two thirds of median lobe length, each side with one row of sensory peg setae joined at apex (
<figureCitation id="13785D81FF998C345DAF7AE5FE855749" box="[159,301,1006,1032]" captionStart="FIGURES 42–59" captionStartId="23.[151,269,1876,1900]" captionTargetBox="[250,1364,214,1870]" captionTargetId="figure-101@23.[232,1365,194,1870]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 42–59. P. convexicollis: sternum 8, male (42); sternum 9 (43); tergum 10, male (44); aedoeagus, dorsal view (45); paramere, ventral side (46); aedoeagus, lateral view (47); gonocoxites of female genital segment (48). P. cribriventris: sternum 9, (49); tergum 10, male (50); aedoeagus, lateral view (51); aedoeagus, dorsal view (52); gonocoxites of female genital segment (53). P. discoideus: sternum 9 (54); tergum 10, male (55); aedoeagus, dorsal view (56); paramere, ventral side (57); tergum 10, female (58); gonocoxites of female genital segment (59)." pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figs. 45–47</figureCitation>
). Internal sac with no distinctly sclerotized structures.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC4104FF998C345DF57D18FF6D5736" blockId="21.[151,1437,152,2035]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Female genitalia. Tergum 10 acute apically, with two long subapical setae and 8–10 long apical setae. Second gonocoxite with 2–5 strong setae along its outer margin, and stylus with two long apical setae (
<figureCitation id="13785D81FF998C34585C7D33FF105736" captionStart="FIGURES 42–59" captionStartId="23.[151,269,1876,1900]" captionTargetBox="[250,1364,214,1870]" captionTargetId="figure-101@23.[232,1365,194,1870]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 42–59. P. convexicollis: sternum 8, male (42); sternum 9 (43); tergum 10, male (44); aedoeagus, dorsal view (45); paramere, ventral side (46); aedoeagus, lateral view (47); gonocoxites of female genital segment (48). P. cribriventris: sternum 9, (49); tergum 10, male (50); aedoeagus, lateral view (51); aedoeagus, dorsal view (52); gonocoxites of female genital segment (53). P. discoideus: sternum 9 (54); tergum 10, male (55); aedoeagus, dorsal view (56); paramere, ventral side (57); tergum 10, female (58); gonocoxites of female genital segment (59)." pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 48</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC4104FF998C345DF57D89FD2E5780" blockId="21.[151,1437,152,2035]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FF998C345DF57D89FDB957DD" bold="true" box="[197,529,1154,1180]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Geographical distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C433A87FF998C345F297D89FC9057DA" authorityName="Lynch-Arribalzaga" authorityYear="1884" box="[537,824,1154,1179]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Philonthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="convexicollis">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FF998C345F297D89FC9057DA" box="[537,824,1154,1179]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Philonthus convexicollis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known from central 
<collectingCountry id="F3540194FF998C34597B7D89FB6B57DD" box="[1099,1219,1154,1180]" name="Argentina" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Argentina</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F3540194FF998C3459FE7D89FAA657DD" box="[1230,1294,1154,1180]" name="Chile" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Chile</collectingCountry>
(no locality data) and 
<collectingCountry id="F3540194FF998C345C3A7DACFEDF5780" box="[266,375,1191,1217]" name="Paraguay" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49878FE6FF998C345CB77DACFE535780" box="[391,507,1191,1217]" country="Paraguay" name="Asuncion" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Asunción</collectingRegion>
) (
<figureCitation id="13785D81FF998C345F237DACFDD15780" box="[531,633,1191,1217]" captionStart="FIGURE 145" captionStartId="53.[151,255,2011,2035]" captionTargetBox="[316,1281,338,1980]" captionTargetId="figure-71@53.[306,1281,338,1990]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 145. Distribution of P. bruchianus,, P. convexicollis, P. hepaticus and P. politus in southern South America." pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 145</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC4104FF998C345DF57DC7FEED5671" blockId="21.[151,1437,152,2035]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FF998C345DF57DC7FEFA57A7" bold="true" box="[197,338,1228,1254]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Bionomics.</emphasis>
According to 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD23CF5FF998C345F357DC7FCEE57A7" author="Lynch-Arribalzaga, F." box="[517,838,1228,1254]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="5 - 256" refId="ref50700" refString="Lynch-Arribalzaga, F. (1884) Estafilinos de Buenos Aires. Boletin de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias, Cordoba, 7, 5 - 256." type="journal article" year="1884">Lynch-Arribálzaga (1884)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C433A87FF998C345E647DC7FBBA57A4" authorityName="Lynch-Arribalzaga" authorityYear="1884" box="[852,1042,1228,1253]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Philonthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="convexicollis">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FF998C345E647DC7FBBA57A4" box="[852,1042,1228,1253]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">P. convexicollis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is found in manure and carrion, mainly during autumn and spring. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD23CF5FF998C345F0A7DFAFD70564A" author="Frank, J. H." box="[570,728,1265,1291]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 118" refId="ref49676" refString="Frank, J. H. (1982) The parasites of the Staphylinidae (Coleoptera). A contribution towards an encyclopedia of the Staphylinidae. University of Florida Agr. Exp. Stations, Technical Bulletin, 824, i - vii + 1 - 118 pp." type="book chapter" year="1982">Frank (1982)</bibRefCitation>
cites this species as parasitized by Laboulbeniales (Fungi, Ascomycetes).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C359128FFF998C345DF57C30FDE9553F" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BFC4104FF998C345DF57C30FADE56E1" blockId="21.[151,1437,152,2035]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FF998C345DF57C30FED75614" bold="true" box="[197,383,1339,1365]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Type material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B2B4B59FF998C345CB97C30FADE56E1" collectionCode="MACN" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FF998C345CB97C30FDAF5614" bold="true" box="[393,519,1339,1365]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<typeStatus id="54F8FFA6FF998C345CB97C30FDAF5614" box="[393,519,1339,1365]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
(here designated), 
<specimenCount id="9D458A8DFF998C345FC27C30FCAE560E" box="[754,774,1339,1359]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
, with labels (no locality data): “Photo Bruch” (white), “ 
<taxonomicName id="4C433A87FF998C345D947C6AFDA4563A" authority="Fauv." authorityName="Fauv." authorityYear="2010" box="[164,524,1377,1403]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Philonthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="convexicollis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FF998C345D947C6AFE6C563B" box="[164,452,1377,1402]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Philonthus convexicollis</emphasis>
Fauv.
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A204206DFF998C345F237C6AFDFC563A" box="[531,596,1377,1403]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
”, “ 
<taxonomicName id="4C433A87FF998C345F4C7C6AFB6B563A" authority="Lynch Arribalzaga 1884" authorityName="Lynch Arribalzaga" authorityYear="1884" box="[636,1219,1377,1403]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Philonthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="convexicollis">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FF998C345F4C7C6AFC33563B" box="[636,923,1377,1402]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Philonthus convexicollis</emphasis>
Lynch Arribálzaga 1884
</taxonomicName>
, 
<typeStatus id="54F8FFA6FF998C3459E07C6AFA93563A" box="[1232,1339,1377,1403]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="syntype">syntypus</typeStatus>
” (pink), “ 
<typeStatus id="54F8FFA6FF998C345D917C8DFEB156E1" box="[161,281,1414,1440]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
<taxonomicName id="4C433A87FF998C345C107C8DFCCB56E1" authority="Lynch Arribalzaga 1884" authorityName="Lynch Arribalzaga" authorityYear="1884" box="[288,867,1414,1440]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Philonthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="convexicollis">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FF998C345C107C8DFDE856DE" box="[288,576,1414,1439]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Philonthus convexicollis</emphasis>
Lynch Arribálzaga 1884
</taxonomicName>
/ Des. Chani-Posse 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD23CF5FF998C3459797C8DFB5956E1" author="Chani Posse de Maus, M." box="[1097,1265,1414,1440]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="31 - 42" refId="ref48654" refString="Chani Posse de Maus, M. (2009) Revision of some types of Philonthus Stephens and Gabrius Stephens from southern South America (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae), with nomenclatural notes. Zootaxa, 2034, 31 - 42." type="journal article" year="2009">de Maus 2009</bibRefCitation>
” (
<collectionCode id="ED52D9C1FF998C34583B7C8DFAC256E1" box="[1291,1386,1414,1440]" country="Argentina" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/pyng-6456" name="Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="Museum">MACN</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC4104FF998C345DF67CA1FDE9553F" blockId="21.[151,1437,152,2035]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FF998C345DF67CA1FEBB5685" bold="true" box="[198,275,1450,1476]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Notes.</emphasis>
Although the type locality and both male and female characters are given in the original description, there is no indication about how many specimens were examined by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD23CF5FF998C34596F7CDBFA3056AB" author="Lynch-Arribalzaga, F." box="[1119,1432,1488,1514]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="5 - 256" refId="ref50700" refString="Lynch-Arribalzaga, F. (1884) Estafilinos de Buenos Aires. Boletin de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias, Cordoba, 7, 5 - 256." type="journal article" year="1884">Lynch-Arribálzaga (1884)</bibRefCitation>
. Another 
<specimenCount id="9D458A8DFF998C345DCF7CFEFE2B554E" box="[255,387,1525,1551]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="female">two female</specimenCount>
specimens labeled as 
<typeStatus id="54F8FFA6FF998C345FBA7CFEFD58554E" box="[650,752,1525,1551]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
became available to me but they are in bad condition and it is not possible to say in how far they agree with the original description. Of the 
<specimenCount id="9D458A8DFF998C34597E7F11FAA25575" box="[1102,1290,1562,1588]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
found at the MACN labeled as 
<typeStatus id="54F8FFA6FF998C345C427F34FE735518" box="[370,475,1599,1625]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
, I hereby designate the individual which is in better condition and agrees with the original description as the 
<typeStatus id="54F8FFA6FF998C345CFE7F6FFD95553F" box="[462,573,1636,1662]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C359128FFF998C345DF67F83FC3055AC" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BFC4104FF998C345DF67F83FB775589" blockId="21.[151,1437,152,2035]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FF998C345DF67F83FEE555E3" bold="true" box="[198,333,1672,1698]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Comments</emphasis>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD23CF5FF998C345C6C7F82FD2655E2" author="Lynch-Arribalzaga, F." box="[348,654,1673,1699]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="5 - 256" refId="ref50700" refString="Lynch-Arribalzaga, F. (1884) Estafilinos de Buenos Aires. Boletin de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias, Cordoba, 7, 5 - 256." type="journal article" year="1884">Lynch-Arribálzaga (1884)</bibRefCitation>
cites “Habitat Chacabuco: in Provincia Bonaerensi occidentali” as the 
<typeStatus id="54F8FFA6FF998C345DF27FA5FF5C5589" box="[194,244,1710,1736]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">type</typeStatus>
locality for this species. I was not able to confirm this fact in the present designation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC4104FF998C345DF57FD8FC3055AC" blockId="21.[151,1437,152,2035]" box="[197,920,1747,1773]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FF998C345DF57FD8FE6D55AC" bold="true" box="[197,453,1747,1773]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Additional material:</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D458A8DFF998C345CFC7FD8FDC355AC" box="[460,619,1747,1773]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="generic">59 specimens</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCount id="9D458A8DFF998C345F4C7FD8FD1D55A6" box="[636,693,1747,1773]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="male">19 ♂</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D458A8DFF998C345FF37FD8FD5455A6" box="[707,764,1747,1773]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="female">15 ♀</specimenCount>
, 25 unsexed)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C359128FFF998C345DF57FF3FE2554B2" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BFC4104FF998C345DF57FF3FE2554B2" blockId="21.[151,1437,152,2035]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FF998C345DF57FF3FDEF5453" bold="true" box="[197,583,1784,1810]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<collectingCountry id="F3540194FF998C345DF57FF3FE2A5453" box="[197,386,1784,1810]" name="Argentina" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">ARGENTINA</collectingCountry>
: 
<collectingRegion id="49878FE6FF998C345CA07FF3FDE85453" box="[400,576,1784,1810]" country="Argentina" name="Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Buenos Aires</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<date id="FFFD67C4FF998C345F607FF2FD735452" box="[592,731,1785,1811]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1905-11-25">25.11.1905</date>
, C. Bruch, 
<taxonomicName id="4C433A87FF998C345E597FF2FB475452" authority="Lynch" authorityName="Lynch-Arribalzaga" authorityYear="1884" box="[873,1263,1785,1811]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Philonthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="convexicollis">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FF998C345E597FF2FB3E5453" box="[873,1174,1785,1810]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Philonthus convexicollis</emphasis>
Lynch
</taxonomicName>
, in Bernhauer handwriting &quot; 
<taxonomicName id="4C433A87FF998C345C767E15FD745479" authority="Lynch" authorityName="Lynch-Arribalzaga" authorityYear="1884" box="[326,732,1822,1848]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Philonthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="convexicollis">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FF998C345C767E15FDD55476" box="[326,637,1822,1847]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Philonthus convexicollis</emphasis>
Lynch
</taxonomicName>
&quot;, 
<specimenCount id="9D458A8DFF998C345FC47E15FC275479" box="[756,911,1822,1848]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED52D9C1FF998C345E927E15FBAE5479" box="[930,1030,1822,1848]" country="Argentina" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/pyng-6456" name="Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="Museum">MACN</collectionCode>
); Caseros, 
<date id="FFFD67C4FF998C3459A27E15FB575479" box="[1170,1279,1822,1848]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1932-03">III-1932</date>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D458A8DFF998C34583E7E15FA345479" box="[1294,1436,1822,1848]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED52D9C1FF998C345DAF7E48FF5F541C" box="[159,247,1859,1885]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">MLPA</collectionCode>
). 
<emphasis id="B9379D16FF998C345C3B7E48FEF6541C" bold="true" box="[267,350,1859,1885]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<collectingRegion id="49878FE6FF998C345C3B7E48FEF1541C" box="[267,345,1859,1885]" country="Argentina" name="Jujuy" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Jujuy</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
C. Bruch, 
<taxonomicName id="4C433A87FF998C345CD57E48FD51541D" authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1832" box="[485,761,1859,1884]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Philonthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longicornis">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FF998C345CD57E48FD51541D" box="[485,761,1859,1884]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Philonthus longicornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
var. Steph., 
<taxonomicName id="4C433A87FF998C345EA37E48FAAE541C" authority="Bernh." authorityName="Bernh." box="[915,1286,1859,1885]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Philonthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atriseriatus">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FF998C345EA37E48FB01541D" box="[915,1193,1859,1884]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Philonthus atriseriatus</emphasis>
Bernh.
</taxonomicName>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D458A8DFF998C3458237E48FA34541C" box="[1299,1436,1859,1885]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED52D9C1FF998C345DAF7E62FF5654C2" box="[159,254,1897,1923]" country="Argentina" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/pyng-6456" name="Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="Museum">MACN</collectionCode>
). 
<emphasis id="B9379D16FF998C345C217E63FE2154C3" bold="true" box="[273,393,1896,1922]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<collectingRegion id="49878FE6FF998C345C217E63FE2C54C3" box="[273,388,1896,1922]" country="Argentina" name="La Rioja" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">La Rioja</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<date id="FFFD67C4FF998C345CA17E62FE5F54C2" box="[401,503,1897,1923]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1932-06">VI-1932</date>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D458A8DFF998C345F337E62FD3C54C2" box="[515,660,1897,1923]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED52D9C1FF998C345F937E62FD5154C2" box="[675,761,1897,1923]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">MLPA</collectionCode>
). 
<emphasis id="B9379D16FF998C345E3D7E63FC2254C3" bold="true" box="[781,906,1896,1922]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<collectingRegion id="49878FE6FF998C345E3D7E63FC2D54C3" box="[781,901,1896,1922]" country="Argentina" name="Mendoza" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Mendoza</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Sta. Rosa, Ñacuñan, 12-X-02, G. Flores, 
<specimenCount id="9D458A8DFF998C3458427E62FA35543D" box="[1394,1437,1896,1923]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED52D9C1FF998C345DAF7E85FEA454E9" box="[159,268,1934,1960]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">IADIZA</collectionCode>
). 
<emphasis id="B9379D16FF998C345C107E86FE3254E6" bold="true" box="[288,410,1933,1959]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<collectingRegion id="49878FE6FF998C345C107E86FE3C54E6" box="[288,404,1933,1959]" country="Argentina" name="San Luis" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">San Luis</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Q. de Lopez, 
<quantity id="4CBBECE1FF998C345F767E85FDD254E9" box="[582,634,1934,1960]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="km" value="7.0">7km</quantity>
SE S. FcoMdeOro, 4-XII-00, S. Roig, 
<specimenCount id="9D458A8DFF998C3459617E85FBD554E0" box="[1105,1149,1933,1960]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED52D9C1FF998C3459BC7E85FB5154E9" box="[1164,1273,1934,1960]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">IADIZA</collectionCode>
). 
<emphasis id="B9379D16FF998C34583E7E86FADE54E6" bold="true" box="[1294,1398,1933,1959]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<collectingCountry id="F3540194FF998C34583E7E86FADA54E6" box="[1294,1394,1933,1959]" name="Chile" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">CHILE</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
A. Faz, 
<specimenCount id="9D458A8DFF998C345DE67EB8FED9548C" box="[214,369,1971,1997]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED52D9C1FF998C345CB47EB8FE42548C" box="[388,490,1971,1997]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">AMNH</collectionCode>
). 
<emphasis id="B9379D16FF998C345F307EB8FCED548C" bold="true" box="[512,837,1971,1997]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<collectingCountry id="F3540194FF998C345F307EB8FD05548C" box="[512,685,1971,1997]" name="Paraguay" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">PARAGUAY</collectingCountry>
: 
<collectingRegion id="49878FE6FF998C345F8D7EB8FC97548C" box="[701,831,1971,1997]" country="Paraguay" name="Asuncion" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Asunción</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
January-March, B. Podtiaguin, 
<specimenCount id="9D458A8DFF998C3459D07EB8FAB75486" box="[1248,1311,1971,1997]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="male">17 ♂</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D458A8DFF998C34581F7EB8FAC55486" box="[1327,1389,1971,1997]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="female">15 ♀</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D458A8DFF998C34584D7EB8FEB954B2" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="generic">15 specimens</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED52D9C1FF998C345C117ED2FE2954B2" box="[289,385,2009,2035]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">AMNH</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>