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164 lines
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<document id="651F536FFBA87B8106E10E42D6AE301C" ID-DOI="10.11646/megataxa.11.1.1" ID-ISSN="2703-3090" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10993768" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1713461317092" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Kerr, Isaac A. R., Camens, Aaron B., Van Zoelen, Jacob D., Worthy, Trevor H. & Prideaux, Gavin J." docDate="2024" docId="03E587FDFF52D5F5FCA2726DFD90FC89" docLanguage="en" docName="Megataxa.11.1.001-261.pdf" docOrigin="Megataxa 11 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:50B6B96D96A55C21793B52C23E95B310.5:Megataxa.2020-.journal_article" docStyleId="50B6B96D96A55C21793B52C23E95B310" docStyleName="Megataxa.2020-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Nombe nombe" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="191" masterDocId="FFDCFF85FFECD535FF887446FFD0FFEC" masterDocTitle="Systematics and palaeobiology of kangaroos of the late Cenozoic genus Protemnodon (Marsupialia, Macropodidae)" masterLastPageNumber="261" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="191" updateTime="1713535483085" updateUser="felipe">
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<mods:title id="C3C843DB490B8A48391738C7D5E34891">Systematics and palaeobiology of kangaroos of the late Cenozoic genus Protemnodon (Marsupialia, Macropodidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="57A37D25B376AD10B5B6BACD4B74ECF9">Kerr, Isaac A. R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E494D6D5ABFB77F14FE0E17796BFD263">College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia, 5042</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="D7551EE08B29E38F1669073B928AF93D">Camens, Aaron B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="855ECF9A32CBF91A5945357891024A01">College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia, 5042</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="72941C9754F999FB923627A4B3B19D63">Van Zoelen, Jacob D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CFB75B0C6307B6CD941647A43D1D5A24">Worthy, Trevor H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="15FE5A684EE067D103BE630E03034EB4">Prideaux, Gavin J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0744439373A203AED3BACC141629B753">College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia, 5042</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="1AA797D15572DF9ABFE75839237E973E">Megataxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="01EFD01FCE20DB6A983C7ECF2E73CA8B">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="04AC53A4D4FA9A7D125D50DD4E4ED124">2024-04-15</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="DCCB906EA96AD3850F97BEFC831A6137">11</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03E587FDFF52D5F5FCA2726DFD90FC89" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10993704" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10993704" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E587FDFF52D5F5FCA2726DFD90FC89" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E587FDFF52D5F5FCA2726DFD90FC89" lastPageId="192" lastPageNumber="191" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">
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<subSubSection id="C3566560FF52D58BFCA2726DFC30F9A9" box="[810,992,1579,1605]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF336EBFF52D58BFCA2726DFC30F9A9" blockId="190.[810,992,1579,1605]" box="[810,992,1579,1605]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">
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<heading id="D0BB8187FF52D58BFCA2726DFC30F9A9" bold="true" box="[810,992,1579,1605]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D68FF52D58BFCA2726DFC30F9A9" authority="(Flannery, Mountain & Aplin, 1983)" baseAuthorityName="Flannery, Mountain & Aplin" baseAuthorityYear="1983" box="[810,992,1579,1605]" class="Mammalia" family="Macropodidae" genus="Nombe" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nombe">
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<emphasis id="B938EAF9FF52D58BFCA2726DFC30F9A9" bold="true" box="[810,992,1579,1605]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">Nombe nombe</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3566560FF52D58BFCA27228FAE4F908" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BF336EBFF52D58BFCA27228FB40F948" blockId="190.[810,1451,1646,1764]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D68FF52D58BFCA27228FAB9F968" authority="Flannery, Mountain & Aplin 1983" authorityName="Flannery, Mountain & Aplin" authorityYear="1983" box="[810,1385,1646,1668]" class="Mammalia" family="Macropodidae" genus="Protemnodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nombe">
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<emphasis id="B938EAF9FF52D58BFCA27228FC28F96F" box="[810,1016,1646,1667]" italics="true" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">Protemnodon nombe</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B1AFF52D58BFB8C7228FAB9F968" author="Flannery, T. F. & Mountain, M. - J. & Aplin, K." box="[1028,1385,1646,1668]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" pagination="77 - 99" refId="ref146446" refString="Flannery, T. F., Mountain, M. - J. & Aplin, K. (1983) Quaternary kangaroos (Macropodidae: Marsupialia) from Nombe Rock Shelter, Papua New Guinea, with comments on the nature of megafaunal extinctions in the New Guinea highlands. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 107 (2), 77 - 99." type="journal article" year="1983">Flannery, Mountain & Aplin 1983</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<emphasis id="B938EAF9FF52D58BFAF07229FA76F968" box="[1400,1446,1647,1668]" italics="true" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">Proc</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B938EAF9FF52D58BFCD772C9FC5BF948" box="[863,907,1679,1700]" italics="true" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">Linn</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B938EAF9FF52D58BFC1F72C9FC6AF948" box="[919,954,1679,1700]" italics="true" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">Soc</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B938EAF9FF52D58BFC4E72C9FBD2F948" box="[966,1026,1679,1700]" italics="true" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">N.S.W</emphasis>
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. 107(2), p. 91.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF336EBFF52D58BFCA272E8FAE4F908" blockId="190.[810,1451,1646,1764]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D68FF52D58BFCA272E8FAD7F929" authority="(Flannery, Mountain & Aplin 1983)" baseAuthorityName="Flannery, Mountain & Aplin" baseAuthorityYear="1983" box="[810,1287,1710,1733]" class="Mammalia" family="Macropodidae" genus="Nombe" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nombe">
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<emphasis id="B938EAF9FF52D58BFCA272E8FC62F92F" box="[810,946,1710,1731]" italics="true" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">Nombe nombe</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B1AFF52D58BFC3472E8FAD1F929" author="Flannery, T. F. & Mountain, M. - J. & Aplin, K." box="[956,1281,1710,1733]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" pagination="77 - 99" refId="ref146446" refString="Flannery, T. F., Mountain, M. - J. & Aplin, K. (1983) Quaternary kangaroos (Macropodidae: Marsupialia) from Nombe Rock Shelter, Papua New Guinea, with comments on the nature of megafaunal extinctions in the New Guinea highlands. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 107 (2), 77 - 99." type="journal article" year="1983">Flannery, Mountain &Aplin 1983</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B1AFF52D58BFA8772E9FC41F908" author="Prideaux, G. J. & Kerr, I. A. R. & van Zoelen, J. D. & Grun, R. & van der Kaars, S. & Oertle, A. & Douka, K. & Grono, E. & Barron, A. & Mountain, M. - J. & Westaway, M. C. & Denham, T." pageId="190" pageNumber="191" pagination="223 - 248" refId="ref154022" refString="Prideaux, G. J., Kerr, I. A. R., van Zoelen, J. D., Grun, R., van der Kaars, S., Oertle, A., Douka, K., Grono, E., Barron, A., Mountain, M. - J., Westaway, M. C. & Denham, T. (2022) Re-evaluating the evidence for late-surviving megafauna at Nombe rockshelter in the New Guinea highlands. Archaeology in Oceania, 57 (3), 223 - 248. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / arco. 5274" type="journal article" year="2022">Kerr & Prideaux 2022</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<emphasis id="B938EAF9FF52D58BFC137289FBB4F908" box="[923,1124,1743,1764]" italics="true" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">Trans. Roy. Soc. S.A.</emphasis>
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146(2), pp. 295–318.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3566560FF52D5F5FCA2734DFD90FC89" lastPageId="192" lastPageNumber="193" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BF336EBFF52D5F5FCA2734DFD90FC89" blockId="190.[810,1452,1803,2085]" lastBlockId="192.[136,778,171,869]" lastPageId="192" lastPageNumber="193" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D68FF52D58BFCA2734DFB0AF8C9" authority="(Flannery et al., 1983)" baseAuthorityName="Flannery" baseAuthorityYear="1983" box="[810,1242,1803,1829]" class="Mammalia" family="Macropodidae" genus="Nombe" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nombe">
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<emphasis id="B938EAF9FF52D58BFCA2734DFC1EF8C9" box="[810,974,1803,1829]" italics="true" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">Nombe nombe</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B1AFF52D58BFC56734DFB02F8C9" author="Flannery, T. F. & Mountain, M. - J. & Aplin, K." box="[990,1234,1803,1829]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" pagination="77 - 99" refId="ref146446" refString="Flannery, T. F., Mountain, M. - J. & Aplin, K. (1983) Quaternary kangaroos (Macropodidae: Marsupialia) from Nombe Rock Shelter, Papua New Guinea, with comments on the nature of megafaunal extinctions in the New Guinea highlands. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 107 (2), 77 - 99." type="journal article" year="1983">
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Flannery
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<emphasis id="B938EAF9FF52D58BFBC6734AFB59F8C9" box="[1102,1161,1803,1829]" italics="true" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">et al.</emphasis>
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, 1983
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</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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possesses various characteristics of the dentary and the lower molars that show it does not belong in the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D68FF52D58BFB55730DFAA4F889" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1874" box="[1245,1396,1867,1893]" class="Mammalia" family="Macropodidae" genus="Protemnodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B938EAF9FF52D58BFB55730DFAA4F889" box="[1245,1396,1867,1893]" italics="true" pageId="190" pageNumber="191">Protemnodon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(see
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B1AFF52D58BFCA2732DFBFEF869" author="Prideaux, G. J. & Kerr, I. A. R. & van Zoelen, J. D. & Grun, R. & van der Kaars, S. & Oertle, A. & Douka, K. & Grono, E. & Barron, A. & Mountain, M. - J. & Westaway, M. C. & Denham, T." box="[810,1070,1899,1925]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" pagination="223 - 248" refId="ref154022" refString="Prideaux, G. J., Kerr, I. A. R., van Zoelen, J. D., Grun, R., van der Kaars, S., Oertle, A., Douka, K., Grono, E., Barron, A., Mountain, M. - J., Westaway, M. C. & Denham, T. (2022) Re-evaluating the evidence for late-surviving megafauna at Nombe rockshelter in the New Guinea highlands. Archaeology in Oceania, 57 (3), 223 - 248. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / arco. 5274" type="journal article" year="2022">Kerr & Prideaux 2022</bibRefCitation>
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). The m3 and m
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<quantity id="4CB49B0EFF52D58BFB62732DFAC6F869" box="[1258,1302,1899,1925]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity>
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the
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<typeStatus id="54F78849FF52D58BFAC1732DFA7BF869" box="[1353,1451,1899,1925]" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
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and the referred specimen, which are the least worn molars, possess a distinct postprotocristid and a strongly developed premetacristid, with the lophid crest gently Sshaped in occlusal view.These molars also lack the folding of the enamel around the protoconid and paracristid seen in the molars of most macropodins. The buccal and lingual margins of the lophids are strongly convex in posterior view, giving the molar crowns a distinctly rounded look. The medial pterygoid and masseteric fossae of the posterior mandible are more enlarged in the referred specimen, relative to the dimensions of the dentition, than is seen in any species of
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D68FF2CD5F5FEC5752DFE34FE69" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1874" box="[333,484,363,389]" class="Mammalia" family="Macropodidae" genus="Protemnodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
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|
|
<emphasis id="B938EAF9FF2CD5F5FEC5752DFE34FE69" box="[333,484,363,389]" italics="true" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">Protemnodon</emphasis>
|
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|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. The mandibular foramen and pterygoid fossa are not preserved in the
|
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|
|
<typeStatus id="54F78849FF2CD5F5FDF075CDFD0AFE49" box="[632,730,395,421]" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
and the masseteric fossa is only partially preserved but, based on the wide angle of the medial margin of the anterior of the masseteric fossa, this muscular insertion area was similarly enlarged in both specimens of
|
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|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D68FF2CD5F5FDD6764AFD1DFDC9" box="[606,717,523,549]" class="Mammalia" family="Macropodidae" genus="Nombe" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nombe">
|
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|
|
<emphasis id="B938EAF9FF2CD5F5FDD6764AFD1DFDC9" box="[606,717,523,549]" italics="true" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">N. nombe</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. The digastric sulcus is deep and narrow, indicating an increased capacity for abduction of the mandible. Both specimens possess a long, quite deep buccinator sulcus, in common with species of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D68FF2CD5F5FECB76CDFE0AFD49" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1874" box="[323,474,651,677]" class="Mammalia" family="Macropodidae" genus="Protemnodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B938EAF9FF2CD5F5FECB76CDFE0AFD49" box="[323,474,651,677]" italics="true" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">Protemnodon</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, but the groove is angled more posteroventrally and is less parallel with the cheek tooth row. As this combination of characteristics does not closely align
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D68FF2CD5F5FEC776AAFE6DFCE9" box="[335,445,747,773]" class="Mammalia" family="Macropodidae" genus="Nombe" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nombe">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B938EAF9FF2CD5F5FEC776AAFE6DFCE9" box="[335,445,747,773]" italics="true" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">N. nombe</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
with any macropodid genus, it was classified as a member of the new monospecific genus
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D68FF2CD5F5FF5D776DFEF4FCA9" authorityName="Rockshelter (Flannery" authorityYear="1990" box="[213,292,811,837]" class="Mammalia" family="Macropodidae" genus="Nombe" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B938EAF9FF2CD5F5FF5D776DFEF4FCA9" box="[213,292,811,837]" italics="true" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">Nombe</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, probably with affiliations to more basal macropodines (
|
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|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B1AFF2CD5F5FEBC770DFDE4FC89" author="Prideaux, G. J. & Kerr, I. A. R. & van Zoelen, J. D. & Grun, R. & van der Kaars, S. & Oertle, A. & Douka, K. & Grono, E. & Barron, A. & Mountain, M. - J. & Westaway, M. C. & Denham, T." box="[308,564,843,869]" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" pagination="223 - 248" refId="ref154022" refString="Prideaux, G. J., Kerr, I. A. R., van Zoelen, J. D., Grun, R., van der Kaars, S., Oertle, A., Douka, K., Grono, E., Barron, A., Mountain, M. - J., Westaway, M. C. & Denham, T. (2022) Re-evaluating the evidence for late-surviving megafauna at Nombe rockshelter in the New Guinea highlands. Archaeology in Oceania, 57 (3), 223 - 248. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / arco. 5274" type="journal article" year="2022">Kerr & Prideaux 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</treatment>
|
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</document>
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