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385 lines
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<document ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.575.3.1" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7431242" checkinTime="1670915127192" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Costa, Lívia F., Wetzel, Carlos E., Maquardt, Gisele C., Zanon, Jaques E., Ector, Luc & Bicudo, Denise C." docDate="2022" docId="0399343DFF82FFD176ACBFA8FE0DF86A" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.575.3.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 575 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.575.3.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.5:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Achnanthidium acutum L. F. Costa, C. E. Wetzel & Ector 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="195" masterDocId="FFA04C45FF85FFD97624BD1DFF97FFF6" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy and ecology of Achnanthidium (Bacillariophyta, Achnanthidiaceae) from southeastern Brazil with the description of six new species" masterLastPageNumber="223" masterPageNumber="187" pageNumber="194" updateTime="1670961475714" updateUser="jonas" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Taxonomy and ecology of Achnanthidium (Bacillariophyta, Achnanthidiaceae) from southeastern Brazil with the description of six new species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Costa, Lívia F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0001-7148-9964</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais (IPA), Department of Biodiversity Conservation, Av. Miguel Estéfano 3687, 04301 - 012 São Paulo, SP, Brazil. & livia. fcosta @ hotmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7148 - 9964</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">livia.fcosta@hotmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Wetzel, Carlos E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0001-5330-0494</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Environmental Research and Innovation Department (ERIN), Observatory for Climate, Environment and Biodiversity (OCEB), 41 rue du Brill, 4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg. & carlos. wetzel @ list. lu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5330 - 0494</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">carlos.wetzel@list.lu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Maquardt, Gisele C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0002-2721-1487</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais (IPA), Department of Biodiversity Conservation, Av. Miguel Estéfano 3687, 04301 - 012 São Paulo, SP, Brazil. & Universidade Guarulhos, Centro de Pós-Graduação, Pesquisa e Extensão CEPPE, Praça Tereza Cristina 88, 07023070 Guarulhos, SP, Brazil. & giselecmarquardt @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2721 - 1487</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">giselecmarquardt@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Zanon, Jaques E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0002-9619-4393</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais (IPA), Department of Biodiversity Conservation, Av. Miguel Estéfano 3687, 04301 - 012 São Paulo, SP, Brazil. & jaques. zanon @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9619 - 4393</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">jaques.zanon@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ector, Luc</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0002-4573-9445</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Environmental Research and Innovation Department (ERIN), Observatory for Climate, Environment and Biodiversity (OCEB), 41 rue du Brill, 4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg. & https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4573 - 9445</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Bicudo, Denise C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0002-4248-3261</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais (IPA), Department of Biodiversity Conservation, Av. Miguel Estéfano 3687, 04301 - 012 São Paulo, SP, Brazil. & denisecbicudo @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4248 - 3261</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">denisecbicudo@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title>Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2022-12-13</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>575</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>3</mods:number>
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<mods:start>187</mods:start>
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<mods:end>223</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.575.3.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.575.3.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7431242</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7432279" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7432279" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0399343DFF82FFD176ACBFA8FE0DF86A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399343DFF82FFD176ACBFA8FE0DF86A" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="195" pageId="7" pageNumber="194">
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<subSubSection box="[136,993,693,720]" pageId="7" pageNumber="194" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="7.[136,993,693,720]" box="[136,993,693,720]" pageId="7" pageNumber="194">
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<heading box="[136,993,693,720]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="194" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName authority="L.F.Costa, C.E.Wetzel & Ector" authorityName="L. F. Costa, C. E. Wetzel & Ector" authorityYear="2022" box="[136,765,693,720]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="7" pageNumber="194" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="acutum" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,412,693,720]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="194">Achnanthidium acutum</emphasis>
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L.F.Costa, C.E.Wetzel & Ector
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis box="[772,857,694,719]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="194">
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[772,857,694,719]" pageId="7" pageNumber="194" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation box="[871,985,693,720]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–25" captionStartId="7.[136,243,1919,1941]" captionTargetBox="[341,1250,745,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-202@7.[328,1258,745,1895]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 2–25. LM and SEM images of Achnanthidium acutum sp. nov. from type material (SP-427898), Rio Grande reservoir, São Paulo state. Figure 17 corresponds to the holotype. 2–12. LM views of raphe valves. 13–20. LM views of rapheless valves. 21. SEM external view of raphe valves showing striation pattern, axial and central areas. 22. SEM external detail of the distal raphe end. 23. SEM external view of the rapheless valve showing striation pattern, axial and central areas. 24. SEM internal view of the raphe valve. 25. SEM internal view of the rapheless valve. LM scale bar = 10 μm. SEM scale bars indicated in each figure." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7431246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7431246/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="194">Figs 2–25</figureCitation>
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)
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7431246" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7431246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7431246/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="194" startId="7.[136,243,1919,1941]" targetBox="[341,1250,745,1888]" targetPageId="7">
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<paragraph blockId="7.[136,1451,1919,2086]" pageId="7" pageNumber="194">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,304,1919,1941]" pageId="7" pageNumber="194">FIGURES 2–25.</emphasis>
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LM and SEM images of
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<emphasis box="[558,865,1920,1941]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="194">
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<taxonomicName authority="Costa & Wetzel & Maquardt & Zanon & Ector & Bicudo, 2022" authorityName="Costa & Wetzel & Maquardt & Zanon & Ector & Bicudo" authorityYear="2022" box="[558,783,1920,1941]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="7" pageNumber="194" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="acutum" status="sp. nov.">Achnanthidium acutum</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[790,865,1920,1941]" pageId="7" pageNumber="194" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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from type material (SP-427898), Rio Grande reservoir, São Paulo state. Figure 17 corresponds to the holotype. 2–12. LM views of raphe valves. 13–20. LM views of rapheless valves. 21. SEM external view of raphe valves showing striation pattern, axial and central areas. 22. SEM external detail of the distal raphe end. 23. SEM external view of the rapheless valve showing striation pattern, axial and central areas. 24. SEM internal view of the raphe valve. 25. SEM internal view of the rapheless valve. LM scale bar = 10 μm. SEM scale bars indicated in each figure.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="195" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="8.[136,1452,158,1949]" pageId="8" pageNumber="195">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,274,158,184]" pageId="8" pageNumber="195">Description</emphasis>
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:—LM: Valves narrowly linear-elliptic, with acutely rounded to very slightly rostrate apices (
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<figureCitation box="[1321,1438,158,184]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–25" captionStartId="7.[136,243,1919,1941]" captionTargetBox="[341,1250,745,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-202@7.[328,1258,745,1895]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 2–25. LM and SEM images of Achnanthidium acutum sp. nov. from type material (SP-427898), Rio Grande reservoir, São Paulo state. Figure 17 corresponds to the holotype. 2–12. LM views of raphe valves. 13–20. LM views of rapheless valves. 21. SEM external view of raphe valves showing striation pattern, axial and central areas. 22. SEM external detail of the distal raphe end. 23. SEM external view of the rapheless valve showing striation pattern, axial and central areas. 24. SEM internal view of the raphe valve. 25. SEM internal view of the rapheless valve. LM scale bar = 10 μm. SEM scale bars indicated in each figure." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7431246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7431246/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="195">Figs 2–20</figureCitation>
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); 9.3–21.2 µm long, 2.2–3.2 µm wide. Raphe valve: axial area narrow and linear; central area rounded, sometimes forming a uni- or bilateral rectangular fascia, with no or one shortened stria on both sides of the valve (
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<figureCitation box="[1320,1439,230,256]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–25" captionStartId="7.[136,243,1919,1941]" captionTargetBox="[341,1250,745,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-202@7.[328,1258,745,1895]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 2–25. LM and SEM images of Achnanthidium acutum sp. nov. from type material (SP-427898), Rio Grande reservoir, São Paulo state. Figure 17 corresponds to the holotype. 2–12. LM views of raphe valves. 13–20. LM views of rapheless valves. 21. SEM external view of raphe valves showing striation pattern, axial and central areas. 22. SEM external detail of the distal raphe end. 23. SEM external view of the rapheless valve showing striation pattern, axial and central areas. 24. SEM internal view of the raphe valve. 25. SEM internal view of the rapheless valve. LM scale bar = 10 μm. SEM scale bars indicated in each figure." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7431246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7431246/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="195">Figs 2–12</figureCitation>
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). Raphe filiform straight. Transapical striae slightly radiate throughout the entire valve, more spaced in the central area, becoming denser and more strongly radiate towards the apices;
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<quantity box="[923,1024,302,328]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.239" metricValueMax="7.62" metricValueMin="6.858" pageId="8" pageNumber="195" unit="in" value="28.5" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="27.0">27–30 in</quantity>
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10 µm (
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<figureCitation box="[1122,1241,302,328]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–25" captionStartId="7.[136,243,1919,1941]" captionTargetBox="[341,1250,745,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-202@7.[328,1258,745,1895]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 2–25. LM and SEM images of Achnanthidium acutum sp. nov. from type material (SP-427898), Rio Grande reservoir, São Paulo state. Figure 17 corresponds to the holotype. 2–12. LM views of raphe valves. 13–20. LM views of rapheless valves. 21. SEM external view of raphe valves showing striation pattern, axial and central areas. 22. SEM external detail of the distal raphe end. 23. SEM external view of the rapheless valve showing striation pattern, axial and central areas. 24. SEM internal view of the raphe valve. 25. SEM internal view of the rapheless valve. LM scale bar = 10 μm. SEM scale bars indicated in each figure." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7431246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7431246/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="195">Figs 2–12</figureCitation>
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). Rapheless valve: axial area narrow and linear; central area absent, with 1–2 shortened striae on both sides of the valve (
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<figureCitation box="[1307,1439,338,364]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–25" captionStartId="7.[136,243,1919,1941]" captionTargetBox="[341,1250,745,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-202@7.[328,1258,745,1895]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 2–25. LM and SEM images of Achnanthidium acutum sp. nov. from type material (SP-427898), Rio Grande reservoir, São Paulo state. Figure 17 corresponds to the holotype. 2–12. LM views of raphe valves. 13–20. LM views of rapheless valves. 21. SEM external view of raphe valves showing striation pattern, axial and central areas. 22. SEM external detail of the distal raphe end. 23. SEM external view of the rapheless valve showing striation pattern, axial and central areas. 24. SEM internal view of the raphe valve. 25. SEM internal view of the rapheless valve. LM scale bar = 10 μm. SEM scale bars indicated in each figure." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7431246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7431246/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="195">Figs 13–20</figureCitation>
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). Transapical striae slightly radiate throughout the entire valve, more spaced in the central area, and becoming denser and more strongly radiate towards the apices;
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<quantity box="[652,751,410,436]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.366" metricValueMax="7.62" metricValueMin="7.112" pageId="8" pageNumber="195" unit="in" value="29.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="28.0">28–30 in</quantity>
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10 µm (
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<figureCitation box="[845,976,410,436]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–25" captionStartId="7.[136,243,1919,1941]" captionTargetBox="[341,1250,745,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-202@7.[328,1258,745,1895]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 2–25. LM and SEM images of Achnanthidium acutum sp. nov. from type material (SP-427898), Rio Grande reservoir, São Paulo state. Figure 17 corresponds to the holotype. 2–12. LM views of raphe valves. 13–20. LM views of rapheless valves. 21. SEM external view of raphe valves showing striation pattern, axial and central areas. 22. SEM external detail of the distal raphe end. 23. SEM external view of the rapheless valve showing striation pattern, axial and central areas. 24. SEM internal view of the raphe valve. 25. SEM internal view of the rapheless valve. LM scale bar = 10 μm. SEM scale bars indicated in each figure." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7431246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7431246/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="195">Figs 13–20</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="8.[136,1452,158,1949]" pageId="8" pageNumber="195">
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SEM: Raphe terminating after the last stria (
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<figureCitation box="[675,803,446,472]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–25" captionStartId="7.[136,243,1919,1941]" captionTargetBox="[341,1250,745,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-202@7.[328,1258,745,1895]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 2–25. LM and SEM images of Achnanthidium acutum sp. nov. from type material (SP-427898), Rio Grande reservoir, São Paulo state. Figure 17 corresponds to the holotype. 2–12. LM views of raphe valves. 13–20. LM views of rapheless valves. 21. SEM external view of raphe valves showing striation pattern, axial and central areas. 22. SEM external detail of the distal raphe end. 23. SEM external view of the rapheless valve showing striation pattern, axial and central areas. 24. SEM internal view of the raphe valve. 25. SEM internal view of the rapheless valve. LM scale bar = 10 μm. SEM scale bars indicated in each figure." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7431246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7431246/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="195">Figs 21, 22</figureCitation>
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). Central and terminal raphe fissures straight (
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<figureCitation box="[1311,1439,446,472]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–25" captionStartId="7.[136,243,1919,1941]" captionTargetBox="[341,1250,745,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-202@7.[328,1258,745,1895]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 2–25. LM and SEM images of Achnanthidium acutum sp. nov. from type material (SP-427898), Rio Grande reservoir, São Paulo state. Figure 17 corresponds to the holotype. 2–12. LM views of raphe valves. 13–20. LM views of rapheless valves. 21. SEM external view of raphe valves showing striation pattern, axial and central areas. 22. SEM external detail of the distal raphe end. 23. SEM external view of the rapheless valve showing striation pattern, axial and central areas. 24. SEM internal view of the raphe valve. 25. SEM internal view of the rapheless valve. LM scale bar = 10 μm. SEM scale bars indicated in each figure." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7431246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7431246/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="195">Figs 21, 22</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). Striae mainly composed of 3–4 or 4–5 rounded to elongated areolae (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation box="[920,1051,482,509]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–25" captionStartId="7.[136,243,1919,1941]" captionTargetBox="[341,1250,745,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-202@7.[328,1258,745,1895]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 2–25. LM and SEM images of Achnanthidium acutum sp. nov. from type material (SP-427898), Rio Grande reservoir, São Paulo state. Figure 17 corresponds to the holotype. 2–12. LM views of raphe valves. 13–20. LM views of rapheless valves. 21. SEM external view of raphe valves showing striation pattern, axial and central areas. 22. SEM external detail of the distal raphe end. 23. SEM external view of the rapheless valve showing striation pattern, axial and central areas. 24. SEM internal view of the raphe valve. 25. SEM internal view of the rapheless valve. LM scale bar = 10 μm. SEM scale bars indicated in each figure." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7431246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7431246/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="195">Figs 21–25</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
), sometimes slit-like near the valve margin (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation box="[230,361,518,544]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–25" captionStartId="7.[136,243,1919,1941]" captionTargetBox="[341,1250,745,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-202@7.[328,1258,745,1895]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 2–25. LM and SEM images of Achnanthidium acutum sp. nov. from type material (SP-427898), Rio Grande reservoir, São Paulo state. Figure 17 corresponds to the holotype. 2–12. LM views of raphe valves. 13–20. LM views of rapheless valves. 21. SEM external view of raphe valves showing striation pattern, axial and central areas. 22. SEM external detail of the distal raphe end. 23. SEM external view of the rapheless valve showing striation pattern, axial and central areas. 24. SEM internal view of the raphe valve. 25. SEM internal view of the rapheless valve. LM scale bar = 10 μm. SEM scale bars indicated in each figure." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7431246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7431246/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="195">Figs 21–23</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). Mantle with one row of slit-like areolae (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation box="[839,971,518,544]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–25" captionStartId="7.[136,243,1919,1941]" captionTargetBox="[341,1250,745,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-202@7.[328,1258,745,1895]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 2–25. LM and SEM images of Achnanthidium acutum sp. nov. from type material (SP-427898), Rio Grande reservoir, São Paulo state. Figure 17 corresponds to the holotype. 2–12. LM views of raphe valves. 13–20. LM views of rapheless valves. 21. SEM external view of raphe valves showing striation pattern, axial and central areas. 22. SEM external detail of the distal raphe end. 23. SEM external view of the rapheless valve showing striation pattern, axial and central areas. 24. SEM internal view of the raphe valve. 25. SEM internal view of the rapheless valve. LM scale bar = 10 μm. SEM scale bars indicated in each figure." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7431246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7431246/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="195">Figs 21–23</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="195" type="materials_examined">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph blockId="8.[136,1452,158,1949]" pageId="8" pageNumber="195">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,286,554,580]" pageId="8" pageNumber="195">Type:—</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2009-08-05" collectionCode="S, C" country="Brazil" latitude="-23.766516" location="Wengrat" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-46.50992" municipality="Rio Grande" pageId="8" pageNumber="195" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sao Paulo" typeStatus="holotype">
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry box="[285,390,554,580]" name="Brazil" pageId="8" pageNumber="195">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion box="[401,577,554,581]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="8" pageNumber="195">São Paulo state</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion box="[588,704,554,580]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="8" pageNumber="195">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingMunicipality box="[715,845,554,580]" pageId="8" pageNumber="195">Rio Grande</collectingMunicipality>
|
|||
|
|
reservoir, epiphyton (
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[1095,1187,554,580]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Salviniaceae" genus="Salvinia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Salviniales" pageId="8" pageNumber="195" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis box="[1095,1187,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="195">Salvinia</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
),
|
|||
|
|
<geoCoordinate box="[1210,1399,554,581]" degrees="23" direction="south" minutes="45" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="195" precision="1" seconds="59.46" value="-23.766516">23° 45’ 59.46” S</geoCoordinate>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="46" direction="west" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="195" precision="1" seconds="35.7" value="-46.50992">46° 30’ 35.7” W</geoCoordinate>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis box="[284,764,590,617]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="195">
|
|||
|
|
<collectionCode box="[284,299,591,617]" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="195" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0399343DFF82FFD176ACBFA8FE0DF86A:8EEFD3F0FF8DFFD1770ABF52FE18FD9F" box="[302,399,591,617]" country="Brazil" latitude="-23.766516" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-46.50992" municipality="Rio Grande" name="Wengrat" pageId="8" pageNumber="195" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">Wengrat</location>
|
|||
|
|
& D.
|
|||
|
|
<collectionCode box="[461,481,590,616]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="8" pageNumber="195" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode>
|
|||
|
|
.Bicudo,
|
|||
|
|
<date box="[581,764,590,617]" pageId="8" pageNumber="195" value="2009-08-05">
|
|||
|
|
<collectingDate box="[581,764,590,617]" pageId="8" pageNumber="195" value="2009-08-05">5th August 2009</collectingDate>
|
|||
|
|
</date>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus box="[778,878,590,616]" pageId="8" pageNumber="195">holotype</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
SP-427898! =
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation box="[1049,1130,590,616]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–25" captionStartId="7.[136,243,1919,1941]" captionTargetBox="[341,1250,745,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-202@7.[328,1258,745,1895]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 2–25. LM and SEM images of Achnanthidium acutum sp. nov. from type material (SP-427898), Rio Grande reservoir, São Paulo state. Figure 17 corresponds to the holotype. 2–12. LM views of raphe valves. 13–20. LM views of rapheless valves. 21. SEM external view of raphe valves showing striation pattern, axial and central areas. 22. SEM external detail of the distal raphe end. 23. SEM external view of the rapheless valve showing striation pattern, axial and central areas. 24. SEM internal view of the raphe valve. 25. SEM internal view of the rapheless valve. LM scale bar = 10 μm. SEM scale bars indicated in each figure." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7431246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7431246/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="195">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
, isotype: BR-4614)
|
|||
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection box="[189,1230,626,653]" pageId="8" pageNumber="195" type="etymology">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph blockId="8.[136,1452,158,1949]" box="[189,1230,626,653]" pageId="8" pageNumber="195">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,356,626,652]" pageId="8" pageNumber="195">Etymology:—</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
The specific epithet refers to the acutely rounded apices format of the species.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="195" type="discussion">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph blockId="8.[136,1452,158,1949]" pageId="8" pageNumber="195">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,489,662,688]" pageId="8" pageNumber="195">Taxonomical remarks:—</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Concerning the characteristic linear valve shape,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="W. Smith" authorityYear="1855" box="[1053,1164,662,689]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="8" pageNumber="195" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="lineare">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis box="[1053,1164,662,689]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="195">A. lineare</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
resembles
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="195">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Costa & Wetzel & Maquardt & Zanon & Ector & Bicudo, 2022" authorityName="Costa & Wetzel & Maquardt & Zanon & Ector & Bicudo" authorityYear="2022" box="[1295,1410,663,689]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="8" pageNumber="195" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="acutum" status="sp. nov.">A. acutum</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="8" pageNumber="195" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
However,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="W. Smith" authorityYear="1855" box="[302,410,698,725]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="8" pageNumber="195" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="lineare">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis box="[302,410,698,725]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="195">A. lineare</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
differs from Brazilian populations mostly by the almost parallel margins and broadly rounded apices in the raphe valves, whereas
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis box="[540,747,735,761]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="195">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Costa & Wetzel & Maquardt & Zanon & Ector & Bicudo, 2022" authorityName="Costa & Wetzel & Maquardt & Zanon & Ector & Bicudo" authorityYear="2022" box="[540,654,735,761]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="8" pageNumber="195" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="acutum" status="sp. nov.">A. acutum</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[662,747,735,760]" pageId="8" pageNumber="195" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
shows narrowly linear-elliptic valves, with acutely rounded to very slightly rostrate apices. Also, the always-rectangular fascia in the central area of the raphe valve in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="W. Smith" authorityYear="1855" box="[1340,1451,770,797]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="8" pageNumber="195" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="lineare">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis box="[1340,1451,770,797]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="195">A. lineare</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
contrasts to the nearly rounded central area of
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis box="[663,871,807,833]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="195">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Costa & Wetzel & Maquardt & Zanon & Ector & Bicudo, 2022" authorityName="Costa & Wetzel & Maquardt & Zanon & Ector & Bicudo" authorityYear="2022" box="[663,777,807,833]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="8" pageNumber="195" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="acutum" status="sp. nov.">A. acutum</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[786,871,807,832]" pageId="8" pageNumber="195" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
when observed in LM. Additional remarks include the density of areolae per striae in 10 µm, higher in
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis box="[742,954,843,869]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="195">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Costa & Wetzel & Maquardt & Zanon & Ector & Bicudo, 2022" authorityName="Costa & Wetzel & Maquardt & Zanon & Ector & Bicudo" authorityYear="2022" box="[742,857,843,869]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="8" pageNumber="195" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="acutum" status="sp. nov.">A. acutum</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[867,954,843,868]" pageId="8" pageNumber="195" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(up to 5) when compared to
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="W. Smith" authorityYear="1855" box="[1293,1404,842,869]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="8" pageNumber="195" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="lineare">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis box="[1293,1404,842,869]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="195">A. lineare</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(1– 3). This latter feature can be useful especially regarding the rapheless valve differentiation. The separation of both species was corroborated through morphological analysis between them. The results are presented and discussed in the ‘Morphological patterns in valve shape from EFD analysis’ section.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph blockId="8.[136,1452,158,1949]" pageId="8" pageNumber="195">
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Van de Vijver, B. & Ector, L. & Beltrami, M. E. & de Haan, M. & Falasco, E. & Hlubikova, D. & Jarlman, A. & Kelly, M. & Novais, M. H. & Wojtal, A. Z." box="[189,496,986,1013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="195" pagination="167 - 191" refId="ref25212" refString="Van de Vijver, B., Ector, L., Beltrami, M. E., de Haan, M., Falasco, E., Hlubikova, D., Jarlman, A., Kelly, M., Novais, M. H. & Wojtal, A. Z. (2011) A critical analysis of the type material of Achnanthidium lineare W. Sm. (Bacillariophyceae). Algological Studies 136 - 137: 167 - 191. https: // doi. org / 10.1127 / 1864 - 1318 / 2011 / 0136 - 0167" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
|||
|
|
Van de Vijver
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis box="[355,414,986,1012]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="195">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(2011)
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
analyzed
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="W. Smith" authorityYear="1855" box="[613,724,986,1013]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="8" pageNumber="195" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="lineare">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis box="[613,724,986,1013]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="195">A. lineare</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus box="[733,781,987,1013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="195">type</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
material and described two new species:
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Van de Vijver, Novais & Ector" authorityName="Van de Vijver, Novais & Ector" authorityYear="2011" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="8" pageNumber="195" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="pseudolineare">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis box="[1261,1452,986,1013]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="195">A. pseudolineare</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Van de Vijver, Novais & Ector
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(in
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Van de Vijver, B. & Ector, L. & Beltrami, M. E. & de Haan, M. & Falasco, E. & Hlubikova, D. & Jarlman, A. & Kelly, M. & Novais, M. H. & Wojtal, A. Z." box="[530,873,1022,1049]" pageId="8" pageNumber="195" pagination="167 - 191" refId="ref25212" refString="Van de Vijver, B., Ector, L., Beltrami, M. E., de Haan, M., Falasco, E., Hlubikova, D., Jarlman, A., Kelly, M., Novais, M. H. & Wojtal, A. Z. (2011) A critical analysis of the type material of Achnanthidium lineare W. Sm. (Bacillariophyceae). Algological Studies 136 - 137: 167 - 191. https: // doi. org / 10.1127 / 1864 - 1318 / 2011 / 0136 - 0167" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
|||
|
|
Van de Vijver
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis box="[694,751,1022,1048]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="195">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
2011: 186
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Van de Vijver, Jarlman & Ector" authorityName="Van de Vijver, Jarlman & Ector" authorityYear="2011" box="[938,1452,1022,1049]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="8" pageNumber="195" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="sublineare">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis box="[938,1087,1022,1049]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="195">A. sublineare</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Van de Vijver, Jarlman & Ector
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(in
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Van de Vijver, B. & Ector, L. & Beltrami, M. E. & de Haan, M. & Falasco, E. & Hlubikova, D. & Jarlman, A. & Kelly, M. & Novais, M. H. & Wojtal, A. Z." box="[174,512,1058,1085]" pageId="8" pageNumber="195" pagination="167 - 191" refId="ref25212" refString="Van de Vijver, B., Ector, L., Beltrami, M. E., de Haan, M., Falasco, E., Hlubikova, D., Jarlman, A., Kelly, M., Novais, M. H. & Wojtal, A. Z. (2011) A critical analysis of the type material of Achnanthidium lineare W. Sm. (Bacillariophyceae). Algological Studies 136 - 137: 167 - 191. https: // doi. org / 10.1127 / 1864 - 1318 / 2011 / 0136 - 0167" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
|||
|
|
Van de Vijver
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis box="[334,383,1058,1084]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="195">et al</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. 2011: 179
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). Both taxa are described as having a linear outline of the raphe valve. Furthermore,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Van de Vijver, Novais & Ector" authorityYear="2011" box="[136,472,1094,1120]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="8" pageNumber="195" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="pseudolineare">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis box="[136,472,1094,1120]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="195">Achnanthidium pseudolineare</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
clearly has a denser number of striae in 10 µm (35–40) compared to
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis box="[1247,1452,1095,1121]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="195">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Costa & Wetzel & Maquardt & Zanon & Ector & Bicudo, 2022" authorityName="Costa & Wetzel & Maquardt & Zanon & Ector & Bicudo" authorityYear="2022" box="[1247,1360,1095,1121]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="8" pageNumber="195" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="acutum" status="sp. nov.">A. acutum</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1367,1452,1095,1120]" pageId="8" pageNumber="195" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(27–30). Similarly,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Van de Vijver, Jarlman & Ector" authorityYear="2011" box="[355,504,1130,1157]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="8" pageNumber="195" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="sublineare">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis box="[355,504,1130,1157]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="195">A. sublineare</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
has a higher number of striae in 10 µm (33–34), a wider and lanceolate axial area in the rapheless valve, 1–2 areolae per striae and narrower valves (1.5–2.1 µm wide). Besides, this taxon possesses the central area formed by a rectangular fascia in the raphe valve, comparable to those in
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis box="[1095,1212,1202,1229]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="195">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="W. Smith" authorityYear="1855" box="[1095,1208,1202,1229]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="8" pageNumber="195" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="lineare">A. lineare</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph blockId="8.[136,1452,158,1949]" pageId="8" pageNumber="195">
|
|||
|
|
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="8" pageNumber="195">
|
|||
|
|
<treatmentCitation author="Pinseel, E. & Van de Vijver, B. & Kopalova, K." box="[189,1094,1238,1265]" page=")" pageId="8" pageNumber="195" year="2015">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Pinseel, Van de Vijver & Kopalova (2015: 68)" authorityName="Pinseel, Van de Vijver & Kopalova" authorityPageNumber="68" authorityYear="2015" box="[189,1094,1238,1265]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="8" pageNumber="195" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="petuniabuktianum">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis box="[189,570,1238,1264]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="195">Achnanthidium petuniabuktianum</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Pinseel, E. & Van de Vijver, B. & Kopalova, K." box="[577,1094,1238,1265]" pageId="8" pageNumber="195" pagination="63 - 74" refId="ref23876" refString="Pinseel, E., Van de Vijver, B. & Kopalova, K. (2015) Achnanthidium petuniabuktianum sp. nov. (Achnanthidiaceae, Bacillariophyta), a new representative of the A. pyrenaicum group from Spitsbergen (Svalbard Archipelago, High Arctic). Phytotaxa 226 (1): 63 - 74. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 226.1.6" type="journal article" year="2015">Pinseel, Van de Vijver & Kopalová (2015: 68)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
</treatmentCitation>
|
|||
|
|
also presents linear valves with rounded apices, but in SEM images, it shows a distinct wide axial area and striae with just 1–2 areolae, differing from
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis box="[136,342,1311,1337]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="195">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Costa & Wetzel & Maquardt & Zanon & Ector & Bicudo, 2022" authorityName="Costa & Wetzel & Maquardt & Zanon & Ector & Bicudo" authorityYear="2022" box="[136,249,1311,1337]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="8" pageNumber="195" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="acutum" status="sp. nov.">A. acutum</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[257,342,1311,1336]" pageId="8" pageNumber="195" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Also, the terminal raphe fissures are bent to the same side in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pinseel, Van de Vijver & Kopalova" authorityYear="2015" box="[1029,1262,1310,1337]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="8" pageNumber="195" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="petuniabuktianum">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis box="[1029,1262,1310,1337]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="195">A. petuniabuktianum</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
while straight in our species.
|
|||
|
|
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph blockId="8.[136,1452,158,1949]" pageId="8" pageNumber="195">
|
|||
|
|
In Brazilian waters,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis box="[418,666,1382,1409]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="195">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Costa & Wetzel & Maquardt & Zanon & Ector & Bicudo, 2022" authorityName="Costa & Wetzel & Maquardt & Zanon & Ector & Bicudo" authorityYear="2022" box="[418,573,1382,1409]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="8" pageNumber="195" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="brasiliense" status="sp. nov.">A. brasiliense</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[581,666,1383,1408]" pageId="8" pageNumber="195" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
can co-occurs with
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis box="[894,1101,1383,1409]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="195">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Costa & Wetzel & Maquardt & Zanon & Ector & Bicudo, 2022" authorityName="Costa & Wetzel & Maquardt & Zanon & Ector & Bicudo" authorityYear="2022" box="[894,1007,1383,1409]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="8" pageNumber="195" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="acutum" status="sp. nov.">A. acutum</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1016,1101,1383,1408]" pageId="8" pageNumber="195" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
but can be distinguished by its lanceolate valves with rostrate apices and the linear valves with acutely rounded apices of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Costa & Wetzel & Maquardt & Zanon & Ector & Bicudo, 2022" authorityName="Costa & Wetzel & Maquardt & Zanon & Ector & Bicudo" authorityYear="2022" box="[1148,1261,1419,1445]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="8" pageNumber="195" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="acutum" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis box="[1148,1261,1419,1445]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="195">A. acutum</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1269,1355,1419,1445]" pageId="8" pageNumber="195" rank="species">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis box="[1269,1348,1419,1444]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="195">sp. nov</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph blockId="8.[136,1452,158,1949]" pageId="8" pageNumber="195">
|
|||
|
|
From the Antarctic region, two species closely resemble
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis box="[843,1056,1455,1481]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="195">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Costa & Wetzel & Maquardt & Zanon & Ector & Bicudo, 2022" authorityName="Costa & Wetzel & Maquardt & Zanon & Ector & Bicudo" authorityYear="2022" box="[843,959,1455,1481]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="8" pageNumber="195" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="acutum" status="sp. nov.">A. acutum</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[969,1056,1455,1480]" pageId="8" pageNumber="195" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
but differ by possessing distinctly protracted and rostrate apices. The first one,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Van de Vijver & Kopalova (2014: 6)" authorityName="Van de Vijver & Kopalova" authorityPageNumber="6" authorityYear="2014" box="[627,1312,1490,1517]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="8" pageNumber="195" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="maritimo-antarcticum">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis box="[627,903,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="195">A. maritimo-antarcticum</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Van de Vijver, B. & Kopalova, K." box="[909,1312,1490,1517]" pageId="8" pageNumber="195" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref25160" refString="Van de Vijver, B. & Kopalova, K. (2014) Four Achnanthidium species (Bacillariophyta) formerly identified as Achnanthidium minutissimum from the Antarctic Region. European Journal of Taxonomy 79: 1 - 19. https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2014.79" type="journal article" year="2014">Van de Vijver & Kopalová (2014: 6)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, also has the central area of the rapheless valve in disagreement with
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis box="[757,959,1527,1553]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="195">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Costa & Wetzel & Maquardt & Zanon & Ector & Bicudo, 2022" authorityName="Costa & Wetzel & Maquardt & Zanon & Ector & Bicudo" authorityYear="2022" box="[757,869,1527,1553]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="8" pageNumber="195" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="acutum" status="sp. nov.">A. acutum</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[875,959,1527,1552]" pageId="8" pageNumber="195" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
morphology: it is weakly elliptical, whereas in the Brazilian species a central area is absent. On the other hand,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Van de Vijver & Kopalova (2014: 4)" authorityName="Van de Vijver & Kopalova" authorityPageNumber="4" authorityYear="2014" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="8" pageNumber="195" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="indistinctum">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis box="[893,1063,1562,1589]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="195">A. indistinctum</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Van de Vijver, B. & Kopalova, K." pageId="8" pageNumber="195" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref25160" refString="Van de Vijver, B. & Kopalova, K. (2014) Four Achnanthidium species (Bacillariophyta) formerly identified as Achnanthidium minutissimum from the Antarctic Region. European Journal of Taxonomy 79: 1 - 19. https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2014.79" type="journal article" year="2014">Van de Vijver & Kopalová (2014: 4)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
received this name by presenting small frustules (length 8.5–13.0 μm, width 1.8–2.2 μm,
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Van de Vijver, B. & Kopalova, K." pageId="8" pageNumber="195" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref25160" refString="Van de Vijver, B. & Kopalova, K. (2014) Four Achnanthidium species (Bacillariophyta) formerly identified as Achnanthidium minutissimum from the Antarctic Region. European Journal of Taxonomy 79: 1 - 19. https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2014.79" type="journal article" year="2014">Van de Vijver & Kopalová 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
), a feature that distinguish it from our species, since
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis box="[785,990,1635,1661]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="195">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Costa & Wetzel & Maquardt & Zanon & Ector & Bicudo, 2022" authorityName="Costa & Wetzel & Maquardt & Zanon & Ector & Bicudo" authorityYear="2022" box="[785,898,1635,1661]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="8" pageNumber="195" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="acutum" status="sp. nov.">A. acutum</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[905,990,1635,1660]" pageId="8" pageNumber="195" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
has longer and wider valves. In addition, besides the higher stria density (
|
|||
|
|
<quantity box="[499,600,1670,1697]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.254999999999999" metricValueMax="8.89" metricValueMin="7.62" pageId="8" pageNumber="195" unit="in" value="32.5" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="30.0">30–35 in</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
10 μm) than Brazilian taxa, slit-like areolae are apparently never present in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Van de Vijver & Kopalova" authorityYear="2014" box="[136,305,1706,1733]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="8" pageNumber="195" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="indistinctum">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis box="[136,305,1706,1733]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="195">A. indistinctum</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, a feature observed in marginal areolae of some valves in our population.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="195" type="distribution">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph blockId="8.[136,1452,158,1949]" pageId="8" pageNumber="195">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,701,1742,1768]" pageId="8" pageNumber="195">Distribution and ecological information:—</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis box="[700,1054,1742,1768]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="195">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Costa & Wetzel & Maquardt & Zanon & Ector & Bicudo, 2022" authorityName="Costa & Wetzel & Maquardt & Zanon & Ector & Bicudo" authorityYear="2022" box="[700,961,1742,1768]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="8" pageNumber="195" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="acutum" status="sp. nov.">Achnanthidium acutum</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[969,1054,1743,1768]" pageId="8" pageNumber="195" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
was found in all three habitats (i.e. periphyton, sediment and plankton) and present in 23 % of the quantified samples, being more abundant in periphytic samples (highest abundance: 12 % in
|
|||
|
|
<accessionNumber box="[584,704,1814,1840]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/SP427898" pageId="8" pageNumber="195">SP427898</accessionNumber>
|
|||
|
|
). Due to its wide distribution, the ecological optimum could be calculated. The ecological preference of the species was for neutral pH (optimum of 6.8–7.1), medium to high cond. (optimum of 76.7–167.3 μS∙
|
|||
|
|
<superScript attach="left" box="[454,504,1886,1912]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="195">cm-1</superScript>
|
|||
|
|
), and meso- to eutrophic waters (TP optimum of 39.0–77.8 μg∙L-
|
|||
|
|
<superScript attach="none" box="[1243,1250,1886,1900]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="195">1</superScript>
|
|||
|
|
and TN optimum of 647.7–1627.9 μg∙L-
|
|||
|
|
<superScript attach="right" box="[387,394,1922,1936]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="195">1</superScript>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</treatment>
|
|||
|
|
</document>
|