treatments-xml/data/4C/3D/87/4C3D87E8FFA86A17FF8297F51D16BCEF.xml

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<mods:title id="0F05EB2C46A1BB487BBB4FB26B9D866E">Vespertilionidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8462A40F79360E8EEF8C1404623259B0">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B75AFD507F6E4B6DF27F54792EC64E10">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="1B588270DBE90382828D27E21862E1B6">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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<heading id="9F638192FFA86A17FF8297F51ECDBAE8" box="[126,205,428,474]" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">
<figureCitation id="5CAF2A7BFFA86A17FF8297F51ECDBAE8" box="[126,205,428,474]" captionStart="Plate 62: Vespertilionidae" captionStartId="83.[123,153,3251,3276]" captionTargetBox="[12,2747,19,3659]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="170. Humboldt’s Big-eared Brown Bat (Hustiotus humboldti), 171. Tropical Big-eared Brown Bat (Histiotus velatus), 172. Transparent-winged Big-eared Brown Bat (Histiotus diaphanopterus), 173. Strange Big-eared Brown Bat (Histiotus alienus), 174. Small Big-eared Brown Bat (Histiotus montanus), 175. Thomas’s Big-eared Brown Bat (Histiotus laephotis), 176. Common Big-eared Brown Bat (Histiotus macrotus), 177. Southern Big-eared Brown Bat (Histiotus magellanicus), 178. Big Brown Bat (Eptesicus fuscus), 179. Guadeloupe Serotine (Eptesicus guadeloupensis), 180. Diminutive Serotine (Eptesicus diminutus), 181. Little Black Serotine (Eptesicus andinus), 182. Chiriquinan Serotine (Eptesicus chiriquinus), 183. Argentine Serotine (Eptesicus furinalis), 184. Harmless Serotine (Eptesicus innoxius), 185. Brazilian Serotine (Eplesicus brasiliensis), 186. Taddei’s Serotine (Eptesicus taddeii), 187. Ulapes Serotine (Eptesicus ulapesensis), 188. Horn-skinned Serotine (Eptesicus floweri), 189. Lagos Serotine (Eptesicus platyops), 190. Long-tailed Serotine (Eptesicus hottentotus), 191. Ognev’s Serotine (Eptesicus ognevi), 192. Anatolian Serotine (Eptesicus anatolicus), 193. Botta’s Serotine (Eptesicus bottae), 194. Meridional Serotine (Eptesicus isabellinus), 195. Oriental Serotine (Eptesicus pachyomus), 196. Eurasian Serotine (Eplesicus serotinus), 197. Northern Serotine (Eptesicus nilssonii), 198. Sombre Serotine (Eptesicus tatei), 199. Gobi Serotine (Eptesicus gobiensis), 200. Japanese Serotine (Eptesicus japonensis), 201. Thick-eared Serotine (Eplesicus pachyotis)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398523" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398523/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">170.</figureCitation>
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFA86A17FF2297F51D8BBAE8" blockId="83.[121,1325,428,517]" box="[222,907,428,474]" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">
<heading id="9F638192FFA86A17FF2297F51D8BBAE8" box="[222,907,428,474]" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFA86A17FF2297F51D8BBAE8" ID-CoL="3M5GF" authority="Handley, 1996" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1996" box="[222,907,428,474]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Histiotus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="841" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="humboldti">Humboldt’s Big-eared Brown Bat</vernacularName>
</heading>
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFA86A17FC3197F51B2DBAE8" blockId="83.[121,1325,428,517]" box="[973,1325,428,474]" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">
<heading id="9F638192FFA86A17FC3197F51B2DBAE8" box="[973,1325,428,474]" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFA86A17FC3197F51B2DBAE8" ID-CoL="3M5GF" authority="Handley, 1996" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1996" box="[973,1325,428,474]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Histiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="841" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="humboldti">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFA86A17FC3197F51B2DBAE8" box="[973,1325,428,474]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">Histiotus humboldti</emphasis>
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<heading id="9F638192FFA86A17FF8797B51AADB933" box="[123,1197,492,513]" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFA86A17FF8797B51EC6B933" bold="true" box="[123,198,492,513]" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">French:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFA86A17FF3397B51FADB933" ID-CoL="3M5GF" authority="Handley, 1996" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1996" box="[207,429,492,513]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Histiotus" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Chiroptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="841" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="humboldti">Sérotine de Humboldt</vernacularName>
/ 
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFA86A17FE3D97B51C1BB933" bold="true" box="[449,539,492,513]" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">German:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFA86A17FDD997B51D51B933" ID-CoL="3M5GF" authority="Handley, 1996" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1996" box="[549,849,492,513]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Histiotus" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Chiroptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="841" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="humboldti">Humboldt-GroRohrfledermaus</vernacularName>
/ 
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFA86A17FC9A97B51DC1B933" bold="true" box="[870,961,492,513]" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">Spanish:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFA86A17FC3797B51AADB933" ID-CoL="3M5GF" authority="Handley, 1996" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1996" box="[971,1197,492,513]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Histiotus" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="841" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="humboldti">Histiotus de Humboldt</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFA86A17FD2294761D28B945" blockId="83.[734,1328,559,986]" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFA86A17FD2294761D79B962" bold="true" box="[734,889,559,592]" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFA86A17FC6F94761D23B945" ID-CoL="3M5GF" authority="Handley, 1996" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1996" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Histiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="841" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="humboldti">Histiotus humboldti Handley, 1996</taxonomicName>
,
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFA86A17FCCA94071DC8B9F4" pageId="83" pageNumber="841" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFA86A17FCCA94071DC8B9F4" blockId="83.[734,1328,559,986]" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">
<materialsCitation id="74FC3CA3FFA86A17FCCA94071DC8B9F4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3783319474" latitude="10.533334" longitude="-66.9" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">
“Los Venados, 
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NNW Caracas, 
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, 
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, 
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, Distrito Federal, 
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.”
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFA86A17FD2394951DEABF4A" pageId="83" pageNumber="841" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFA86A17FD2394951DEABF4A" blockId="83.[734,1328,559,986]" lastBlockId="83.[116,1327,992,2013]" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFA86A17FD2394951D52B9DF" box="[735,850,716,749]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Histiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="841" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Histiotus</taxonomicName>
is phylogenetically nested within 
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFA86A17FD2294AD1D52B827" box="[734,850,756,789]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="841" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Eptesicus</taxonomicName>
closely related to the New World species and some authors have included 
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFA86A17FD23951A1D53B856" box="[735,851,835,868]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Histiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="841" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Histiotus</taxonomicName>
as a subgenus of 
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. 
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFA86A17FB27951A1D06B8B9" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Histiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="841" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Histiotus</taxonomicName>
1s recognized here as a distinct genus because of its distinct morphology, however, leaving 
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFA86A17FC6595E01A0EB8E8" box="[921,1038,953,986]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="841" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Eptesicus</taxonomicName>
paraphyletic, which may result in the splitting of 
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFA86A17FDD695B91C9EBF33" box="[554,670,992,1025]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="841" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Eptesicus</taxonomicName>
into multiple genera. Venezuelan specimens previously reported as “ 
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFA86A17FE3B92511C85BF1B" box="[455,645,1032,1065]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Histiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="841" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undefined-a">Histiotus sp. A</taxonomicName>
” by C. O. Handley, Jr. in 1976 and “ 
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFA86A17FB7C92511B1EBF1B" box="[1152,1310,1032,1065]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Histiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="841" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">Histiotus sp.</taxonomicName>
” by A. L. Gardner in 1990 correspond to 
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFA86A17FD5092691D58BF63" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1996" box="[684,856,1072,1105]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Histiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="841" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="humboldti">H. humboldti</taxonomicName>
. It has a disjunct distribution that is probably related to a relictual wider distribution. Monotypic.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFA86A17FF8692DB1F2ABFAD" bold="true" box="[122,298,1154,1183]" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">Distribution.</emphasis>
N, W &amp; S 
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, NC &amp; SW 
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFA86A17FD1292DB1D79BFAD" box="[750,889,1154,1183]" name="Colombia" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, and C 
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFA86A17FC1A92DB1A5CBFAD" box="[998,1116,1154,1183]" name="Ecuador" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFA86A17FF8692FF1B2CBD31" pageId="83" pageNumber="841" type="description">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFA86A17FF8692FF1B2CBD31" blockId="83.[116,1327,992,2013]" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFA86A17FF8692FF1F73BFF5" bold="true" box="[122,371,1190,1223]" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
Head-body ¢.54-59 mm, tail 47-56 mm, ear 28-32 mm, hindfoot 8-11 mm, forearm 44-49 mm; weight 9-12 g. Dorsal hairs are bicolored, with blackish bases and bright tan to brown tips; ventral hairs have fuscous bases and buff tips. Ears are very large; anterior lobe is wide, forming point at its fold; tragus is relatively short and broad. Skull is fragile; braincase and postorbital constriction region are notably inflated; rostrum is short, narrow, and shallow; zygomatic arches have strongly developed postorbital process; facial profile is sharply dished; and pterygoid processes are thin and delicate. Teeth are small and delicate, with low cusps; lower molar tooth row is relatively short. Dental formula for all species of Histiotusis12/3,C1/1,P1/2,M 3/3 (x2) = 32.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFA86A17FF8690501B28BD4B" pageId="83" pageNumber="841" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFA86A17FF8690501B28BD4B" blockId="83.[116,1327,992,2013]" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFA86A17FF8690501EE9BD18" bold="true" box="[122,233,1545,1578]" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">Habitat.</emphasis>
Montane regions below cloud forests and paramos and lower montane humid forests, secondary growth moist evergreen forests, scrubby tepuyan vegetation in open areas, sub-Andean woodlands, and eucalypt plantations at elevations of 1500-3000 m.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFA86A17FF8690D91A41BD93" box="[122,1089,1664,1697]" pageId="83" pageNumber="841" type="food_feeding">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFA86A17FF8690D91A41BD93" blockId="83.[116,1327,992,2013]" box="[122,1089,1664,1697]" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFA86A17FF8690D91F80BD93" bold="true" box="[122,384,1664,1697]" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
Humboldt’s Big-eared Brown Bat is insectivorous.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFA86A17FF8690FE1CB4BDC2" pageId="83" pageNumber="841" type="breeding">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFA86A17FF8690FE1CB4BDC2" blockId="83.[116,1327,992,2013]" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFA86A17FF8690FE1F00BDFA" bold="true" box="[122,256,1703,1736]" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">Breeding.</emphasis>
Pregnant Humboldt’s Big-eared Brown Bats were captured between late January and early February in 
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFA86A17FDD990961CB1BDC2" box="[549,689,1743,1776]" name="Colombia" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">Colombia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFA86A17FF8490AF1C53BC25" box="[120,595,1782,1815]" pageId="83" pageNumber="841" type="activity">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFA86A17FF8490AF1C53BC25" blockId="83.[116,1327,992,2013]" box="[120,595,1782,1815]" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFA86A17FF8490AF1F63BC25" bold="true" box="[120,355,1782,1815]" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
No information.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFA86A17FF8691441A26BC0C" box="[122,1062,1821,1854]" pageId="83" pageNumber="841" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFA86A17FF8691441A26BC0C" blockId="83.[116,1327,992,2013]" box="[122,1062,1821,1854]" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFA86A17FF8691441D37BC0C" bold="true" box="[122,823,1821,1854]" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
No information.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFA86A17FF86911C1AE3BCBF" pageId="83" pageNumber="841" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFA86A17FF86911C1AE3BCBF" blockId="83.[116,1327,992,2013]" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFA86A17FF86911C1FE2BC54" bold="true" box="[122,482,1861,1894]" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
Classified as Data Deficient on The IUCN Red List. Humboldt’s Big-eared Brown Bat is uncommon to rare in its fragmented distribution.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFA86A17FF8791C51D16BCEF" pageId="83" pageNumber="841" type="bibRefCitation_list">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFA86A17FF8791C51D16BCEF" blockId="83.[116,1327,992,2013]" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFA86A17FF8791C51F13BC87" bold="true" box="[123,275,1948,1973]" pageId="83" pageNumber="841">Bibliography.</emphasis>
Gardner (1990), Handley (1976, 1996), Handley &amp; Gardner (2008), Rodriguez-Posada (2010), Romero (2018b), Simmons (2005), Velazco &amp; Aguirre (2016b).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>