<documentid="2719B1D54D4A50685D52DE09FD30F659"ID-CLB-Dataset="3356"ID-DOI="10.35929/RSZ.0049"ID-GBIF-Dataset="172fa5c5-c0c4-4bd7-b710-d608237b8458"ID-ISSN="0035-418"ID-Zenodo-Dep="5639938"IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe"IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe"IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe"IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi"IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="guilherme"IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe"checkinTime="1635892563566"checkinUser="felipe"docAuthor="Schuchert, Peter & Collins, Richard"docDate="2021"docId="D0118A7C5B17000FFF17FBF4FB377EA7"docLanguage="en"docName="RevSuisseZool.128.2.237-356.pdf.imf"docOrigin="Revue suisse de Zoologie 128 (2)"docStyle="DocumentStyle:EA5207814960044D272DF5BE47DFF256.3:RevSuisseZool.2020-.journal_article.1cover"docStyleId="EA5207814960044D272DF5BE47DFF256"docStyleName="RevSuisseZool.2020-.journal_article.1cover"docStyleVersion="3"docTitle="Proboscidactyla gemmifera"docType="treatment"docVersion="16"lastPageNumber="263"masterDocId="2C28F2045B0C0014FFCFFF96FFDB7820"masterDocTitle="Hydromedusae observed during night dives in the Gulf Stream"masterLastPageNumber="356"masterPageNumber="237"pageNumber="263"updateTime="1728487074790"updateUser="guilherme"zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
<bibRefCitationid="3C29469B5B17000FFDDDFBF4FD777C5A"author="Fewkes J. W."bookContentInfo="pls 1 - 7."box="[530,684,1122,1146]"journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of comparative Zoology of Harvard College"pageId="27"pageNumber="263"pagination="251 - 289"part="9"refId="ref67772"refString="Fewkes J. W. 1882 a. Notes on acalephs from the Tortugas, with a description of new genera and species. In: Explorations of the surface fauna of the Gulf Stream, under the auspices of the U. S. Coast Survey, by Alexander Agassiz. Bulletin of the Museum of comparative Zoology of Harvard College 9 (7): 251 - 289, pls 1 - 7."title="Notes on acalephs from the Tortugas, with a description of new genera and species"type="book chapter"volumeTitle="Explorations of the surface fauna of the Gulf Stream, under the auspices of the U. S. Coast Survey, by Alexander Agassiz"year="1882">Fewkes, 1882</bibRefCitation>
<figureCitationid="C08327EF5B17000FFE45FB14FE087CBA"box="[394,467,1154,1178]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="28.[151,186,1968,1990]"captionTargetBox="[175,1412,257,1922]"captionTargetId="figure-8@28.[175,1412,257,1922]"captionTargetPageId="28"captionText="Fig. 15. Proboscidactyla gemmifera. Note that the usage of a flash brightens very much the exumbrellar nematocysts. (A) BFLA4338, diameter 3 mm. (B) Medusa photographed 24-JAN-2020, not collected, diameter 3 mm.(C) BFLA4285, lateral view, diameter 3 mm, arrows point to blastostyles (D) BFLA4285, oral view. (E) BFLA4321, aboral view. (F) BFLA4321, lateral view of bell margin, diameter 2.5 mm, note regular arrangement of exumbrellar nematocysts patches."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5639980"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5639980/files/figure.png"pageId="27"pageNumber="263">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="3C29469B5B17000FFE8CFB26FDDC7CE5"author="Fewkes"box="[323,519,1200,1222]"firstAuthor="Fewkes"page="300"pageId="27"pageNumber="263"pagination="291 - 310"refId="ref67848"refString="Fewkes J. W. 1882 b. On the Acalephae of the East coast of New- England. Bulletin of the Museum of comparative Zoology of Harvard College 9 (8): 291 - 310, pl. 1."type="journal article"year="1882"yearSuffix="b">Fewkes, 1882b: 300</bibRefCitation>
<treatmentCitationid="D9191D7B5B17000FFE71FB58FDA17CC3"author="Browne E. T."box="[446,634,1229,1251]"page="727"pageId="27"pageNumber="263"year="1905">
<bibRefCitationid="3C29469B5B17000FFE71FB58FDA17CC3"author="Browne"box="[446,634,1229,1251]"firstAuthor="Browne"page="727"pageId="27"pageNumber="263"pagination="722 - 749"refId="ref66602"refString="Browne E. T. 1905. Hydromedusae with a revision of the Williadae and Petasidae. Fauna and geography Maldives and Laccadives Archipelagoes 2 (3): 722 - 749, pls 54 - 57."type="journal article"year="1905">Browne, 1905: 727</bibRefCitation>
<treatmentCitationid="D9191D7B5B17000FFE5BFB7DFDEE7D20"author="Mayer A. G."box="[404,565,1259,1280]"page="47"pageId="27"pageNumber="263"year="1900">
<bibRefCitationid="3C29469B5B17000FFE5BFB7DFDEE7D20"author="Mayer"box="[404,565,1259,1280]"firstAuthor="Mayer"page="47"pageId="27"pageNumber="263"pagination="13 - 82"refId="ref71587"refString="Mayer A. G. 1900. Some medusae from the Tortugas, Florida. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology of Harvard 37 (2): 13 - 82, pls 1 - 44."type="journal article"year="1900">Mayer, 1900: 47</bibRefCitation>
<treatmentCitationid="D9191D7B5B17000FFDF2FA9FFD2B7D3D"author="Mayer A. G."box="[573,752,1288,1310]"page="192"pageId="27"pageNumber="263"year="1910">
<bibRefCitationid="3C29469B5B17000FFDF2FA9FFD2B7D3D"author="Mayer"box="[573,752,1288,1310]"firstAuthor="Mayer"page="192"pageId="27"pageNumber="263"pagination="1 - 76"refId="ref71665"refString="Mayer A. G. 1910. Medusae of the world. Hydromedusae, Vols. I & II. Scyphomedusae, Vol III. Carnegie Institution, Washington, pp. 735, plates 1 - 76."type="journal article"year="1910">Mayer, 1910: 192</bibRefCitation>
but somewhat smaller, 2.5-3 mm, though none of them appear sexually mature, tentacle numbers 14-19, more nematocyst patches on exumbrella, these often quite irregular and some not in linear arrays, no dark pigment in gastrodermis of tentacle bulbs. The most notable difference is the presence of four blastostyles (
<figureCitationid="C08327EF5B17000FFD43F835FD377F9B"box="[652,748,1955,1979]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="28.[151,186,1968,1990]"captionTargetBox="[175,1412,257,1922]"captionTargetId="figure-8@28.[175,1412,257,1922]"captionTargetPageId="28"captionText="Fig. 15. Proboscidactyla gemmifera. Note that the usage of a flash brightens very much the exumbrellar nematocysts. (A) BFLA4338, diameter 3 mm. (B) Medusa photographed 24-JAN-2020, not collected, diameter 3 mm.(C) BFLA4285, lateral view, diameter 3 mm, arrows point to blastostyles (D) BFLA4285, oral view. (E) BFLA4321, aboral view. (F) BFLA4321, lateral view of bell margin, diameter 2.5 mm, note regular arrangement of exumbrellar nematocysts patches."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5639980"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5639980/files/figure.png"pageId="27"pageNumber="263">Fig. 15C</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="C08327EF5B17000FFD93F793FD37703D"box="[604,748,2053,2077]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="28.[151,186,1968,1990]"captionTargetBox="[175,1412,257,1922]"captionTargetId="figure-8@28.[175,1412,257,1922]"captionTargetPageId="28"captionText="Fig. 15. Proboscidactyla gemmifera. Note that the usage of a flash brightens very much the exumbrellar nematocysts. (A) BFLA4338, diameter 3 mm. (B) Medusa photographed 24-JAN-2020, not collected, diameter 3 mm.(C) BFLA4285, lateral view, diameter 3 mm, arrows point to blastostyles (D) BFLA4285, oral view. (E) BFLA4321, aboral view. (F) BFLA4321, lateral view of bell margin, diameter 2.5 mm, note regular arrangement of exumbrellar nematocysts patches."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5639980"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5639980/files/figure.png"pageId="27"pageNumber="263">Fig. 15A, C</figureCitation>
<tableCitationid="153A0ED15B17000FFC2CFEC7FBEA7949"box="[995,1073,337,361]"captionStart="Table 1. 16"captionStartId="4.[151,204,770,792]"captionTargetId="graphics-269@4.[151,1437,854,2063]"captionTargetPageId="4"captionText="Table 1. 16S haplotype p-distances (% base pair differences in aligned sequence pairs) and number of haplotypes observed in the examined material. Only the species for which such a comparison was possible are listed."httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/0CC76BE25B080010FF58FC94FB897B14"pageId="27"pageNumber="263"tableUuid="0CC76BE25B080010FF58FC94FB897B14">Table 1</tableCitation>
<figureCitationid="C08327EF5B17000FFBAAFEC7FB6F7949"box="[1125,1204,337,361]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="29.[151,186,1147,1169]"captionTargetBox="[224,1329,261,1078]"captionTargetId="graphics-326@29.[224,1078,282,1040]"captionText="Fig. 16. 16S maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of Proboscidactylidae and related taxa obtained with PhyML (GTR+G model) and based on about 600 bp positions of the mitochondrial 16S gene. Node-support values are bootstrap values of 100 pseudoreplicates (shown only if> 70%).All sequence labels start with the GenBank numbers permitting the retrieval of more information. Red labels are new sequences from this study. All samples are based on medusae."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5646496"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5646496/files/figure.png"pageId="27"pageNumber="263">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
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<collectingRegionid="9A7CF5885B17000FFA91FE56FC4479D8"country="United States of America"name="North Carolina"pageId="27"pageNumber="263">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
Although the three samples used to obtain 16S sequence data were collected at different dates they all proved to be identical and clearly distinct from
<figureCitationid="C08327EF5B17000FFC3CFDF9FB9E7AA7"box="[1011,1093,623,647]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="29.[151,186,1147,1169]"captionTargetBox="[224,1329,261,1078]"captionTargetId="graphics-326@29.[224,1078,282,1040]"captionText="Fig. 16. 16S maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of Proboscidactylidae and related taxa obtained with PhyML (GTR+G model) and based on about 600 bp positions of the mitochondrial 16S gene. Node-support values are bootstrap values of 100 pseudoreplicates (shown only if> 70%).All sequence labels start with the GenBank numbers permitting the retrieval of more information. Red labels are new sequences from this study. All samples are based on medusae."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5646496"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5646496/files/figure.png"pageId="27"pageNumber="263">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="3C29469B5B17000FFC14FD39FBB07AE7"author="Brandt"box="[987,1131,687,711]"firstAuthor="Brandt"pageId="27"pageNumber="263"pagination="201 - 275"refId="ref66169"refString="Brandt J. F. 1834 - 1835. Prodromus descriptionis animalium ab H. Mertensio in orbis terrarum circumnavigatione observatorum. Fascic. I., Polypos, Acalephas Discophoras et Siphonophoras, nec non Echinodermata continens / auctore, Johanne Friderico Brandt. Recueil des Actes des seances publiques de l'Academie imperiale des Sciences de St. Petersbourg 1834: 201 - 275."type="journal article"year="1835">Brandt, 1835</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="3C29469B5B17000FFB54FC39FAEE7BE8"author="Brooks"box="[1179,1333,943,968]"firstAuthor="Brooks"pageId="27"pageNumber="263"pagination="670 - 671"refId="ref66453"refString="Brooks W. K. 1880. Budding in free Medusae. American Naturalist 14: 670 - 671."type="journal article"year="1880">Brooks, 1880</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="3C29469B5B17000FFA8BFC39FC5D7BC7"author="Fewkes"firstAuthor="Fewkes"pageId="27"pageNumber="263"pagination="291 - 310"refId="ref67848"refString="Fewkes J. W. 1882 b. On the Acalephae of the East coast of New- England. Bulletin of the Museum of comparative Zoology of Harvard College 9 (8): 291 - 310, pl. 1."type="journal article"year="1882"yearSuffix="b">Fewkes, 1882b</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="3C29469B5B17000FFC51FC46FBEB7BC8"author="Mayer"box="[926,1072,976,1000]"firstAuthor="Mayer"pageId="27"pageNumber="263"pagination="13 - 82"refId="ref71587"refString="Mayer A. G. 1900. Some medusae from the Tortugas, Florida. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology of Harvard 37 (2): 13 - 82, pls 1 - 44."type="journal article"year="1900">Mayer (1900</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="3C29469B5B17000FFB8FFC46FBAC7BC8"author="Mayer"box="[1088,1143,976,1000]"firstAuthor="Mayer"pageId="27"pageNumber="263"pagination="1 - 76"refId="ref71665"refString="Mayer A. G. 1910. Medusae of the world. Hydromedusae, Vols. I & II. Scyphomedusae, Vol III. Carnegie Institution, Washington, pp. 735, plates 1 - 76."type="journal article"year="1910">1910</bibRefCitation>
<collectingRegionid="9A7CF5885B17000FFCB2FB99FC157C07"box="[893,974,1039,1063]"country="United States of America"name="Florida"pageId="27"pageNumber="263">Florida</collectingRegion>
. These descriptions do not agree with our specimens concerning the position of the blastostyles. Fewkes and Mayer found them at the junction of the radial canal to the manubrium, while in our samples they were located at the first bifurcation of the radial canals (
<figureCitationid="C08327EF5B17000FFC88FB26FC707CE7"box="[839,939,1199,1224]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="28.[151,186,1968,1990]"captionTargetBox="[175,1412,257,1922]"captionTargetId="figure-8@28.[175,1412,257,1922]"captionTargetPageId="28"captionText="Fig. 15. Proboscidactyla gemmifera. Note that the usage of a flash brightens very much the exumbrellar nematocysts. (A) BFLA4338, diameter 3 mm. (B) Medusa photographed 24-JAN-2020, not collected, diameter 3 mm.(C) BFLA4285, lateral view, diameter 3 mm, arrows point to blastostyles (D) BFLA4285, oral view. (E) BFLA4321, aboral view. (F) BFLA4321, lateral view of bell margin, diameter 2.5 mm, note regular arrangement of exumbrellar nematocysts patches."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5639980"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5639980/files/figure.png"pageId="27"pageNumber="263">Fig. 15A</figureCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="3C29469B5B17000FFC8FFB46FC027CC7"author="Kramp"box="[832,985,1231,1255]"firstAuthor="Kramp"pageId="27"pageNumber="263"pagination="1 - 128"refId="ref69791"refString="Kramp P. L. 1957. Hydromedusae from the Discovery collections. Discovery Reports 29: 1 - 128."type="journal article"year="1957">Kramp (1957</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="3C29469B5B17000FFC24FB46FBF97CC8"author="Kramp"box="[1003,1058,1232,1256]"firstAuthor="Kramp"pageId="27"pageNumber="263"pagination="305 - 366"refId="ref69901"refString="Kramp P. L. 1962. Medusae of Vietnam. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening i KObenhavn 124: 305 - 366."type="journal article"year="1962">1962</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="3C29469B5B17000FFC8FFAE6FBBF7DA8"author="Uchida & Sugiura"box="[832,1124,1392,1416]"firstAuthor="Uchida"pageId="27"pageNumber="263"pagination="347 - 354"refId="ref75734"refString="Uchida T., Sugiura Y. 1975. On the formation of medusa buds in Proboscidactyla ornata. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory 22 (5): 347 - 354."type="journal article"year="1975">Uchida & Sugiura (1975)</bibRefCitation>
and found that the position of the blastostyles is variable, depending on the developmental age (size) of the medusa. Smaller ones had them at the corners of the stomach, larger ones at the branching points. They also found that sexually mature medusae can continue budding medusae.
