281 lines
31 KiB
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281 lines
31 KiB
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<document id="83828E190E11A36EF2A6A0AC66A8D398" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2012.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e809cd3a-36bb-413d-9f19-70837d7db34b" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3715167" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1584542927971" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Grootaert, Patrick & Shamshev, Igor V." docDate="2012" docId="03BC87A25D68FFB2FD88BBF3330C8757" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-2011-5.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 5" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Crossopalpus Bigot 1857" docType="treatment" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="48" masterDocId="FF85FFDA5D46FF9DFFDEBF61367B815E" masterDocTitle="The fast-running flies (Diptera, Hybotidae, Tachydromiinae) of Singapore and adjacent regions" masterLastPageNumber="162" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="47" updateTime="1698729919212" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="B472DD9842ED105A3A547418DB0535AD">The fast-running flies (Diptera, Hybotidae, Tachydromiinae) of Singapore and adjacent regions</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="58AC83C8E3B9AF031B2DF7B703C3C2B4">Grootaert, Patrick</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="332E32CFD0DA692E2D582A2D0B4F6A6F">Shamshev, Igor V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="4BE42414A0CA3F380744AD53248EB22E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="52D30CFEF5EC83AE6146B133049EA219">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="7A5902EC934F409F4FD2589AABBA9581">
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<mods:date id="7BC1C0ED303547A33D4F66CEB04FB48E">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A1DEAE9C9A415C47F9477428F110ACDA">2012-01-06</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="10DD8F5C62AE7BB1E4864A224ABE5504" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="0D66B9847D8816BC3D6C20DBB12CBA7F">5</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="7B9AA347679D62E58FD9C58E38C7B617">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="DBB974CDC69BB9A1539C9B33A0E1A6F5">162</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="9AFD2E3CC2E748424FB0B3F8C483B214">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="4608B21274FECD605F3E15AF7450EDCD" type="DOI">10.5852/ejt.2012.5</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03BC87A25D68FFB2FD88BBF3330C8757" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3716664" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162630238" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3716664" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BC87A25D68FFB2FD88BBF3330C8757" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BC87A25D68FFB2FD88BBF3330C8757" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<subSubSection id="C30F653F5D68FFB3FD88BBF335A585F2" box="[598,990,1169,1196]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BAA36B45D68FFB3FD88BBF335A585F2" blockId="46.[598,990,1169,1196]" box="[598,990,1169,1196]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<heading id="D0E281D85D68FFB3FD88BBF335A585F2" box="[598,990,1169,1196]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" reason="2">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C154D375D68FFB3FD76BBF035A585F2" ID-CoL="8YQCR" authority="Bigot, 1857" authorityName="Bigot" authorityYear="1857" box="[680,990,1169,1196]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Crossopalpus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B961EAA65D68FFB3FD76BBF0353085F2" bold="true" box="[680,843,1169,1196]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Crossopalpus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF844B455D68FFB3FC8DBBF335A585F2" author="Bigot" box="[851,990,1169,1196]" firstAuthor="Bigot" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="517 - 564" refId="ref67892" refString="Bigot J. M. F. 1857. Essai d'une classification generale et synoptique de l'ordre des insectes dipteres. 5 e memoire. Tribu des Asilidi (mihi). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France (3) 5: 517 - 564." type="journal article" year="1857">Bigot, 1857</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30F653F5D68FFB3FF63BBB5372884BD" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BAA36B45D68FFB3FF63BBB534C7844C" blockId="46.[189,1399,1236,1442]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB05119A5D68FFB3FF63BBB534C7844C" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AB410A55D68FFB3FF63BBB5345385B1" author="Bigot J. M. F." box="[189,552,1236,1263]" page="557" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" year="1857">
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<taxonomicName id="4C154D375D68FFB3FF63BBB5345385B1" ID-CoL="8YQCR" authority="Bigot, 1857: 557" authorityName="Bigot" authorityPageNumber="557" authorityYear="1857" box="[189,552,1236,1263]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Crossopalpus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B961EAA65D68FFB3FF63BBB5372685B0" box="[189,349,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Crossopalpus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF844B455D68FFB3FEBDBBB5345385B1" author="Bigot" box="[355,552,1236,1263]" firstAuthor="Bigot" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="517 - 564" refId="ref67892" refString="Bigot J. M. F. 1857. Essai d'une classification generale et synoptique de l'ordre des insectes dipteres. 5 e memoire. Tribu des Asilidi (mihi). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France (3) 5: 517 - 564." type="journal article" year="1857">Bigot, 1857: 557</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, 563. Type-species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C154D375D68FFB3FCCEBBB532A985B0" ID-CoL="8DF37" authority="Macquart, 1827" authorityName="Macquart" authorityYear="1827" box="[784,1234,1236,1262]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Platypalpus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ambiguus">
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<emphasis id="B961EAA65D68FFB3FCCEBBB5326885B0" box="[784,1043,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Platypalpus ambiguus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF844B455D68FFB3FBC6BBB532A985B0" author="Macquart" box="[1048,1234,1236,1262]" firstAuthor="Macquart" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refId="ref69771" refString="Macquart J. 1827. Insectes dipteres du nord de la France. Platypezines, dolichopodes, empides, hybotides. Lille." type="book" year="1827">Macquart, 1827</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, by monotypy [=?
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<taxonomicName id="4C154D375D68FFB3FF2DBB9934CA844C" ID-CoL="6BHN5" authority="(Loew, 1840)" baseAuthorityName="Loew" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[243,689,1271,1298]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Crossopalpus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flexuosus">
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<emphasis id="B961EAA65D68FFB3FF2DBB99347C844C" box="[243,519,1272,1298]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Crossopalpus flexuosus</emphasis>
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(Loew, 1840)
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</taxonomicName>
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].
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAA36B45D68FFB3FF63BA7D34668407" blockId="46.[189,1399,1236,1442]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB05119A5D68FFB3FF63BA7D34668407" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AB410A55D68FFB3FF63BA7D34488468" author="Melander A. L." box="[189,563,1307,1334]" page="187" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" year="1918">
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<taxonomicName id="4C154D375D68FFB3FF63BA7D34488468" authority="Melander, 1918: 187" authorityName="Melander" authorityPageNumber="187" authorityYear="1918" box="[189,563,1307,1334]" class="Insecta" genus="Eudrapetis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B961EAA65D68FFB3FF63BA7D37458468" box="[189,318,1308,1334]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Eudrapetis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF844B455D68FFB3FE9DBA7A34488468" author="Melander" box="[323,563,1307,1334]" firstAuthor="Melander" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="183 - 221" refId="ref69993" refString="Melander A. L. 1918. The dipterous genus Drapetis Meigen (Family Empididae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 11: 183 - 221." type="journal article" year="1918">Melander, 1918: 187</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(as subgenus of
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<taxonomicName id="4C154D375D68FFB3FD31BA7D352D846B" ID-CoL="486C" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1822" box="[751,854,1308,1333]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Drapetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B961EAA65D68FFB3FD31BA7D352D846B" box="[751,854,1308,1333]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Drapetis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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). Type-species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C154D375D68FFB3FBCFBA7D36818404" ID-CoL="885Q5" authority="Melander, 1902" authorityName="Melander" authorityYear="1902" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Drapetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spectabilis">
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<emphasis id="B961EAA65D68FFB3FBCFBA7D32818468" box="[1041,1274,1308,1334]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Drapetis spectabilis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF844B455D68FFB3FADEBA7A36818404" author="Melander" firstAuthor="Melander" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="195 - 368" refId="ref69945" refString="Melander A. L. 1902. Monograph of the American Empididae. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 28: 195 - 368." type="journal article" year="1902">Melander, 1902</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, by original designation.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAA36B45D68FFB3FF63BA02341F84FC" blockId="46.[189,1399,1236,1442]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB05119A5D68FFB3FF63BA02341F84FC" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AB410A55D68FFB3FF63BA02344A8423" author="Vimmer A." box="[189,561,1379,1405]" page="64" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" year="1939">
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<taxonomicName id="4C154D375D68FFB3FF63BA02344A8423" authority="Vimmer, 1939: 64" authorityName="Vimmer" authorityPageNumber="64" authorityYear="1939" box="[189,561,1379,1405]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Therinopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B961EAA65D68FFB3FF63BA0237338423" box="[189,328,1379,1405]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Therinopsis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF844B455D68FFB3FE8CBA02344A8423" author="Vimmer" box="[338,561,1379,1405]" firstAuthor="Vimmer" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="64 - 65" refId="ref71213" refString="Vimmer A. 1939. A new genus of the family Cypselidae (Borboridae-Dipt. Acalypr.). Acta Societatis Entomologicae Bohemiae 36: 64 - 65. [in Czech]" type="journal article" year="1939">Vimmer, 1939: 64</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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. Type-species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C154D375D68FFB3FD35BA0232D88423" authority="Vimmer, 1939" authorityName="Vimmer" authorityYear="1939" box="[747,1187,1379,1405]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Therinopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="richardsi">
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<emphasis id="B961EAA65D68FFB3FD35BA0235918423" box="[747,1002,1379,1405]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Therinopsis richardsi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF844B455D68FFB3FC2BBA0232D88423" author="Vimmer" box="[1013,1187,1379,1405]" firstAuthor="Vimmer" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="64 - 65" refId="ref71213" refString="Vimmer A. 1939. A new genus of the family Cypselidae (Borboridae-Dipt. Acalypr.). Acta Societatis Entomologicae Bohemiae 36: 64 - 65. [in Czech]" type="journal article" year="1939">Vimmer, 1939</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, by monotypy [=
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<taxonomicName id="4C154D375D68FFB3FF63BAE6342384FC" ID-CoL="ZMHH" authority="(Frey, 1913)" baseAuthorityName="Frey" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[189,600,1415,1442]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Crossopalpus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humilis">
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<emphasis id="B961EAA65D68FFB3FF63BAE637C084FF" box="[189,443,1415,1441]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Crossopalpus humilis</emphasis>
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(Frey, 1913)
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</taxonomicName>
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].
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAA36B45D68FFB3FF63BAA8372884BD" blockId="46.[189,339,1481,1507]" box="[189,339,1481,1507]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<heading id="D0E281D85D68FFB3FF63BAA8372884BD" bold="true" box="[189,339,1481,1507]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="B961EAA65D68FFB3FF63BAA8372884BD" bold="true" box="[189,339,1481,1507]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Recognition</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30F653F5D68FFB3FF63BA99342887FD" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BAA36B45D68FFB3FF63BA99342887FD" blockId="46.[189,1399,1528,1699]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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The genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C154D375D68FFB3FE98BA98379D874D" authorityName="Bigot" authorityYear="1857" box="[326,486,1529,1555]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Crossopalpus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B961EAA65D68FFB3FE98BA98379D874D" box="[326,486,1529,1555]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Crossopalpus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be distinguished from other genera of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C154D375D68FFB3FBEFBA9932DB874C" authorityName="Collin" authorityYear="1961" box="[1073,1184,1528,1554]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Drapetini">Drapetini</taxonomicName>
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by the following combination of characters: head close-set upon thorax, gena very broad; anterior ocellars reduced, posterior ocellars long; antennae upturned, pedicel usually with very long seta beneath, postpedicel more or less rounded ventrally; wing with Rs very short, shorter than crossvein bm-cu; abdominal tergites without squamiform setae.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="C30F653F5D68FFB2FF63B9AB35A683C3" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="diagnosis">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAA36B45D68FFB3FF63B9AB374D87BA" blockId="46.[189,310,1738,1764]" box="[189,310,1738,1764]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
|||
|
|
<heading id="D0E281D85D68FFB3FF63B9AB374D87BA" bold="true" box="[189,310,1738,1764]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" reason="3">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B961EAA65D68FFB3FF63B9AB374D87BA" bold="true" box="[189,310,1738,1764]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</heading>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAA36B45D68FFB2FF63B998330D807B" blockId="46.[189,1399,1785,2028]" lastBlockId="47.[189,1399,267,669]" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
|||
|
|
Small to medium-sized (
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4CED9B515D68FFB3FE3CB9983414864A" box="[482,623,1785,1812]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="1.5">1.5-2.5 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
) largely shining black robust flies. Head closely set upon thorax. Frons with sides divergent above. Face very narrow. One pair of vertical bristles. Ocellar tubercle with anterior ocellars reduced, posterior ocellars long. Antennae upturned, pedicel usually with single very long seta beneath, postpedicel more or less rounded ventrally; stylus arising apically, arista-like, long. Gena greatly produced. Palpus varying in size and setation; lacking sensory pit. Thorax largely shining. Postpronotal bristle not prominent. Mesonotal bristles very prominent but usually evenly covered with hair-like setulae; no setae between mid and hind coxae; anepisternum (= mesopleuron) bare. Legs short, robust, hind tibia often with prominent bristles and apical projection. Wings normally developed,
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAA36B45D69FFB2FF63BE50330D80E5" blockId="47.[189,1399,267,669]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
|||
|
|
usually hyaline; Rs short, originating near midway of R
|
|||
|
|
<subScript id="179134F15D69FFB2FCB9BE22350B800F" attach="left" box="[871,880,323,337]" fontSize="6" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">1</subScript>
|
|||
|
|
; R
|
|||
|
|
<subScript id="179134F15D69FFB2FC48BE2235E4800F" attach="left" box="[918,927,323,337]" fontSize="6" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">1</subScript>
|
|||
|
|
meeting costa at middle of wing; R
|
|||
|
|
<subScript id="179134F15D69FFB2FA82BE22330C800F" attach="left" box="[1372,1399,323,337]" fontSize="6" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">2+3</subScript>
|
|||
|
|
complete, meeting costa beyond middle of wing; R
|
|||
|
|
<subScript id="179134F15D69FFB2FCCBBE09354B8028" attach="left" box="[789,816,360,374]" fontSize="6" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">4+5</subScript>
|
|||
|
|
and M
|
|||
|
|
<subScript id="179134F15D69FFB2FC5DBE0935E58028" attach="left" box="[899,926,360,374]" fontSize="6" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">1+2</subScript>
|
|||
|
|
more or less parallel or convergent near wing margin; A
|
|||
|
|
<subScript id="179134F15D69FFB2FEA8BEEF370480C2" attach="left" box="[374,383,398,412]" fontSize="6" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">1</subScript>
|
|||
|
|
absent; crossvein CuA
|
|||
|
|
<subScript id="179134F15D69FFB2FD4EBEEF34E280C2" attach="left" box="[656,665,398,412]" fontSize="6" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">2</subScript>
|
|||
|
|
absent; crossvein bm-cu somewhat oblique or transverse; cell br shorter than cell bm. Abdomen with some tergites modified or unmodified; squamiform setae absent;
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAA36B45D69FFB2FF63BEA6330D8359" blockId="47.[189,1399,267,669]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">gland-like intersegmental structures absent or present. Terminalia with epandrium completely divided or undivided; left epandrial lamella fused to hypandrium; left surstylus differentiated from epandrial lamella,</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAA36B45D69FFB2FF63BD73330D8372" blockId="47.[189,1399,267,669]" box="[189,1398,530,556]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">divided; right surstylus differentiated from epandrial lamella; cerci separated; epiproct unmodified;</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAA36B45D69FFB2FF63BD5935A683C3" blockId="47.[189,1399,267,669]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">hypandrium setose subapically or bare; phallus short; two rod-shaped apodemes (i.e. ejaculatory and ventral apodemes) present. Female similar to male or lacking abdominal modifications; terminalia rather shortened; tergite 8 separated from sternite 8; cercus elongate ovate.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="C30F653F5D69FFB2FF63BDA6356F8531" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="discussion">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAA36B45D69FFB2FF63BDA6375483BF" blockId="47.[189,303,711,737]" box="[189,303,711,737]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
|||
|
|
<heading id="D0E281D85D69FFB2FF63BDA6375483BF" bold="true" box="[189,303,711,737]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" reason="3">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B961EAA65D69FFB2FF63BDA6375483BF" bold="true" box="[189,303,711,737]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Remarks</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</heading>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAA36B45D69FFB2FF63BC6B373B82CB" blockId="47.[189,1399,778,918]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
|||
|
|
Including a new species described in this paper, the world fauna of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C154D375D69FFB2FC3FBC6B32FA827A" authorityName="Bigot" authorityYear="1857" box="[993,1153,778,804]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Crossopalpus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B961EAA65D69FFB2FC3FBC6B32FA827A" box="[993,1153,778,804]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Crossopalpus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
includes 83 species, 15 of them are recorded from the Oriental Region. Formally,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C154D375D69FFB2FC54BC5132518214" authorityName="Bigot" authorityYear="1857" box="[906,1066,816,842]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Crossopalpus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B961EAA65D69FFB2FC54BC5132518214" box="[906,1066,816,842]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Crossopalpus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
is recorded here for the first time from
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F30276245D69FFB2FEE2BC3437C88231" box="[316,435,853,879]" name="Singapore" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
but in the key given below we also include two species that we believe to likely occur here.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAA36B45D69FFB2FF63BCDE356F8531" blockId="47.[189,1398,959,1136]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
|||
|
|
In the Palaearctic Region the species of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C154D375D69FFB2FD43BCDE35468287" authorityName="Bigot" authorityYear="1857" box="[669,829,959,985]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Crossopalpus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B961EAA65D69FFB2FD43BCDE35468287" box="[669,829,959,985]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Crossopalpus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
inhabit different biotopes occurring in heaps of cut sedge and litter, under dead leaves, in grass tufts, on human or animal dung, on trees and bushes, and on the sandy or swampy banks of lakes and rivers (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B455D69FFB2FC82BB6B3581857B" author="Chvala" box="[860,1018,1034,1061]" firstAuthor="Chvala" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="1 - 336" refId="ref68000" refString="Chvala M. 1975. The Tachydromiinae (Dipt. Empididae) of Fennoscandia and Denmark. Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica 3: 1 - 336." type="journal article" year="1975">Chvála 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). Working in
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F30276245D69FFB2FB40BB6B336F857A" box="[1182,1300,1034,1060]" name="Vietnam" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Viet Nam</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B455D69FFB2FAFFBB6B37498514" author="Tran" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Tran" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="273" refId="ref71120" refString="Tran A. T. T., Andersen A. & Bui T. C. 2006. Predation by Crossopalpus hirsutipes Collin (Diptera: Empididae) on adult Liriomyza sativae Blanchard (Diptera: Agromyzidae). In: Suwa M. (ed.) Abstracts Volume. Sixth International Congress of Dipterology: 273. Fukuoka, Japan." type="book chapter" year="2006">
|
|||
|
|
Tran
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B961EAA65D69FFB2FABFBB6A36A08517" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(2006)
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
found that
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C154D375D69FFB2FE61BB5134D28517" authority="Collin" authorityName="Collin" authorityYear="1960" box="[447,681,1071,1098]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Crossopalpus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirsutipes">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B961EAA65D69FFB2FE61BB51342C8517" box="[447,599,1071,1098]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">C. hirsutipes</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Collin
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
is an important predator of the leafminer
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C154D375D69FFB2FB7DBB51374D8531" authority="Blanchard" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1938" class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Liriomyza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sativae">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B961EAA65D69FFB2FB7DBB51330D8517" box="[1187,1398,1072,1097]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Liriomyza sativae</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Blanchard
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C154D375D69FFB2FE9BBB3437D88531" box="[325,419,1109,1135]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C154D375D69FFB2FE72BB343435852E" box="[428,590,1109,1136]" class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Agromyzidae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
) in greenhouses.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="C30F653F5D69FFB2FF63BBF8330C8757" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="key">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAA36B45D69FFB2FF63BBF8357985ED" blockId="47.[189,770,1176,1203]" box="[189,770,1176,1203]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
|||
|
|
<heading id="D0E281D85D69FFB2FF63BBF8357985ED" bold="true" box="[189,770,1176,1203]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" reason="3">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B961EAA65D69FFB2FF63BBF8357985ED" bold="true" box="[189,770,1176,1203]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
|||
|
|
Key to species of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C154D375D69FFB2FE4ABBF9344C85ED" ID-CoL="8YQCR" authorityName="Bigot" authorityYear="1857" box="[404,567,1176,1203]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Crossopalpus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B961EAA65D69FFB2FE4ABBF9344C85ED" bold="true" box="[404,567,1176,1203]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Crossopalpus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
from
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F30276245D69FFB2FD5DBBF8357985ED" box="[643,770,1177,1203]" name="Singapore" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</heading>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<key id="FF8461855D69FFB2FF63BBAB330C8757" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
|||
|
|
<keyStep id="30E12E115D69FFB2FF63BBAB330C840A" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAA36B45D69FFB2FF63BBAB330C8471" blockId="47.[189,1399,1226,1365]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
|||
|
|
<keyLead id="30E495815D69FFB2FF63BBAB330C8471" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
|||
|
|
1. Abdominal tergite 3 with thickened hind margin. Hind tibia with numerous outstanding pale hair-like setae (2.0-3.0 times as long as tibia is thick), lacking prominent bristles (South
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F30276245D69FFB2FAECBB8E33098457" box="[1330,1394,1263,1289]" name="India" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">India</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F30276245D69FFB2FF05BA74372C8471" box="[219,343,1301,1327]" name="Cambodia" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Cambodia</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F30276245D69FFB2FEBDBA7437A28471" box="[355,473,1301,1327]" name="Vietnam" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Viet Nam</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F30276245D69FFB2FE3ABA743437846E" box="[484,588,1301,1328]" name="Thailand" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
)………………….......................................
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C154D375D69FFB2FB9CBA74330C8471" ID-CoL="37LDP" authority="Collin, 1960" authorityName="Collin" authorityYear="1960" box="[1090,1399,1300,1327]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Crossopalpus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirsutipes">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B961EAA65D69FFB2FB9CBA7432A08471" bold="true" box="[1090,1243,1300,1327]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">C. hirsutipes</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B455D69FFB2FB3DBA74330C8471" author="Collin" box="[1251,1399,1301,1327]" firstAuthor="Collin" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="385 - 420" refId="ref68139" refString="Collin J. E. 1960. Some Empididae from Palestine. The Annals and Magazine of natural History 2 [1959] (13): 385 - 420. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222935908650872" type="journal article" year="1960">Collin, 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
</keyLead>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAA36B45D69FFB2FF1BBA5A330C840A" blockId="47.[189,1399,1226,1365]" box="[197,1399,1338,1365]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
|||
|
|
<keyLead id="30E495815D69FFB2FF1BBA5A330C840A" box="[197,1399,1338,1365]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">– Abdominal tergite 3 unmodified. Hind tibia with short setulae, bearing strong bristles subapically..2</keyLead>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</keyStep>
|
|||
|
|
<keyStep id="30E12E115D69FFB2FF63BA1F330C8757" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAA36B45D69FFB2FF63BA1F330D84E0" blockId="47.[189,1399,1406,1546]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
|||
|
|
<keyLead id="30E495815D69FFB2FF63BA1F330D84E0" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
|||
|
|
2. Hind tibia with 2 black, short, closely set, subapical bristles. Scutum at least with 3 pairs of moderately long prescutellar dorsocentral bristles (
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F30276245D69FFB2FC9CBAC535B184E1" box="[834,970,1444,1471]" name="Philippines" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
)..........
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C154D375D69FFB2FBC5BAC5330D84E0" authority="(Osten-Saken, 1882)" baseAuthorityName="Osten-Sacken" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[1051,1398,1443,1470]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Crossopalpus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exul">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B961EAA65D69FFB2FBC5BAC5320E84E0" bold="true" box="[1051,1141,1443,1470]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">C. exul</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(Osten-Saken, 1882)
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
</keyLead>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAA36B45D69FFB2FF1BBAAB330C8757" blockId="47.[189,1399,1406,1546]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
|||
|
|
<keyLead id="30E495815D69FFB2FF1BBAAB330C8757" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
|||
|
|
– Hind tibia with 4 bristles anteriorly near apex (2 black and spine-like). Scutum with 1 pair of long prescutellar dorsocentral bristles (
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F30276245D69FFB2FD64BA8E354B8754" box="[698,816,1519,1546]" name="Singapore" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
)............................................
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C154D375D69FFB2FB5EBA8E33718757" ID-CoL="BCS6W" authority="Grootaert & Shamshev, 2012" authorityName="Grootaert & Shamshev" authorityYear="2012" box="[1152,1290,1518,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Crossopalpus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="temasek" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B961EAA65D69FFB2FB5EBA8E33718757" bold="true" box="[1152,1290,1518,1545]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">C. temasek</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25257DD5D69FFB2FAC8BA8E330C8757" box="[1302,1399,1519,1545]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
</keyLead>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</keyStep>
|
|||
|
|
</key>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</treatment>
|
|||
|
|
</document>
|