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<mods:title id="603A4886C79C52C7EB9BF987F7B2BCEB">Revision of Banded Knifefishes of the Gymnotus carapo and G. tigre clades (Gymnotidae Gymnotiformes) from the Southern Neotropics</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="B968EA94DB57FFB2F886F8CFFE107DA2" bold="true" box="[151,469,1906,1932]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="67">Gymnotus inaequilabiatus</emphasis>
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, 
<tableCitation id="C69E033DDB57FFB2F900F828FEA17D80" box="[273,356,1941,1966]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="23.[151,239,650,673]" captionText="TABLE 2. Morphometric data for 31 specimens of two species of the G. tigre clade. See Materials and Methods for morphometric abbreviations. Modes reported for all meristic characters except numbers of anal-fin rays (AFR), pored lateral-line scales anterior to the first ventral lateral-line ramus (PLR), total pored lateral-line scales (PLL) and ventral lateral-line rami (VLR), all of which are reported as medians." pageId="20" pageNumber="67">Table 2</tableCitation>
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mm, 
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Río 
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; MNHN 4615 (neotype), 
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(
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according to the original description, 
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according to the label), Argentina, Buenos Aires, Rio de La Plata (~30°40’S, 058°30’W according to MNHN database or ~34°37’S, 058°23’W). 
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LBP 12616, ~ 
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drainage, 
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do Sul
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near 
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; 
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<specimenCode id="DBBA9EFDDB56FFB3FA28FE9AFD097B11" box="[569,716,294,319]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="21" pageNumber="68">
USNM 
<quantity id="4CE49B63DB56FFB3FA80FE9BFD097B11" box="[657,716,294,319]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6437909999999998" pageId="21" pageNumber="68" unit="mm" value="1643791.0">1643</quantity>
</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode id="DBBA9EFDDB56FFB3FAC6FE9AFCC47B11" box="[727,769,295,319]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="21" pageNumber="68">791</specimenCode>
mm, 
<location id="8EC3605DDB56FFB3FB53FE9BFC167B11" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B58790DB57FFB0F886F8CFFAA778AA:8EC3605DDB56FFB3FB53FE9BFC167B11" box="[834,979,294,319]" country="Paraguay" latitude="-17.883333" longLatPrecision="1277" longitude="-57.483334" name="Rio Paraguai" pageId="21" pageNumber="68">
Rio 
<collectingCountry id="F30B7616DB56FFB3FB60FE9BFC167B11" box="[881,979,294,319]" name="Paraguay" pageId="21" pageNumber="68">Paraguai</collectingCountry>
</location>
drainage (~ 
<geoCoordinate id="EE285041DB56FFB3FC4AFE9BFB7D7B11" box="[1115,1208,294,319]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="68" precision="925" value="-17.883333">17°53’S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE285041DB56FFB3FCD5FE9BFAF87B11" box="[1220,1341,294,319]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="68" precision="925" value="-57.483334">057°29’W</geoCoordinate>
)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B743CDBDB56FFB3FD41FE9BFDB17BA9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1806563200" collectionCode="MCP" collectorName="Irai &amp; Sanga das Aguas Frias" country="Brazil" elevation="100" latitude="-27.2" location="Rio Uruguai" municipality="Rio Uruguai" pageId="21" pageNumber="68" specimenCode="MCP 6059" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Rio Grande do Sul">
<emphasis id="B968EA94DB56FFB3FD41FE9BFEB17B4D" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="68">
<collectingCountry id="F30B7616DB56FFB3FD41FE9BFA527B11" box="[1360,1431,294,319]" name="Brazil" pageId="21" pageNumber="68">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49D8F864DB56FFB3F886FEF1FEA87B4D" box="[151,365,330,355]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="21" pageNumber="68">
Rio 
<collectingRegion id="49D8F864DB56FFB3F8D4FEF7FEA87B4D" box="[197,365,330,355]" inferredBySuffix="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="68">Grande do Sul</collectingRegion>
</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<specimenCode id="DBBA9EFDDB56FFB3F96AFEF6FE307B4D" box="[379,501,330,355]" collectionCode="MCP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/bqgs-f9q8" name="Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="21" pageNumber="68">MCP 6059</specimenCode>
(3), 
<quantity id="4CE49B63DB56FFB3FA3DFEF7FD017B4C" box="[556,708,330,355]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6399999999999997" metricValueMax="3.55" metricValueMin="1.73" pageId="21" pageNumber="68" unit="mm" value="264.0" valueMax="355.0" valueMin="173.0">173–355 mm</quantity>
, 
<collectorName id="26E95350DB56FFB3FAC1FEF6FD3C7B4D" box="[720,761,331,355]" pageId="21" pageNumber="68">Iraí</collectorName>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC7ACFCDB56FFB3FB17FEF7FC577B4D" box="[774,914,330,355]" pageId="21" pageNumber="68">Rio Uruguai</collectingMunicipality>
drainage, 
<collectorName id="26E95350DB56FFB3FC19FEF6FACE7B4D" box="[1032,1291,330,355]" pageId="21" pageNumber="68">Sanga das Águas Frias</collectorName>
, 
<elevation id="0031D1B5DB56FFB3FD06FEF6FA9B7B4C" box="[1303,1374,331,355]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="68" unit="m" value="100.0">
<quantity id="4CE49B63DB56FFB3FD06FEF6FA9B7B4C" box="[1303,1374,331,355]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="68" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
</elevation>
from 
<location id="8EC3605DDB56FFB3F886FED3FEE17BA9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B58790DB57FFB0F886F8CFFAA778AA:8EC3605DDB56FFB3F886FED3FEE17BA9" box="[151,292,366,391]" country="Brazil" latitude="-27.2" municipality="Rio Uruguai" name="Rio Uruguai" pageId="21" pageNumber="68" stateProvince="Rio Grande do Sul">Rio Uruguai</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE285041DB56FFB3F927FED2FE797BA9" box="[310,444,367,391]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="68" precision="15" value="-27.2">27°12’00”S</geoCoordinate>
, 053°16’60”W)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B743CDBDB56FFB3FA93FED2FE5E7B85" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1806563213" collectionCode="MCP" collectorName="Santana Velha &amp; Uruguaiana" country="Uruguay" latitude="-29.75" location="Uruguai" longLatPrecision="1225" longitude="-57.833332" pageId="21" pageNumber="68" specimenCode="MCP 6956, 602" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="DBBA9EFDDB56FFB3FA93FED2FCC47BA9" box="[642,769,366,391]" collectionCode="MCP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/bqgs-f9q8" name="Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="21" pageNumber="68">
MCP 
<quantity id="4CE49B63DB56FFB3FAD7FED3FCC47BA9" box="[710,769,366,391]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.956601999999999" pageId="21" pageNumber="68" unit="mm" value="6956602.0">6956</quantity>
</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode id="DBBA9EFDDB56FFB3FB1FFED3FCFD7BA9" box="[782,824,366,391]" collectionCode="MCP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/bqgs-f9q8" name="Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="21" pageNumber="68">602</specimenCode>
mm, Rio 
<collectingCountry id="F30B7616DB56FFB3FBBFFED3FBCF7BA9" box="[942,1034,366,391]" name="Uruguay" pageId="21" pageNumber="68">Uruguai</collectingCountry>
at 
<collectorName id="26E95350DB56FFB3FC3EFED2FB117BA9" box="[1071,1236,366,391]" pageId="21" pageNumber="68">Santana Velha</collectorName>
, near 
<collectorName id="26E95350DB56FFB3FD0BFED3FA587BA9" box="[1306,1437,366,391]" pageId="21" pageNumber="68">Uruguaiana</collectorName>
(~ 
<geoCoordinate id="EE285041DB56FFB3F8BEFE2FFEC87B85" box="[175,269,402,427]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="68" precision="925" value="-29.75">29°45’S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE285041DB56FFB3F90BFE2FFE567B85" box="[282,403,402,427]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="68" precision="925" value="-57.833332">057°50’W</geoCoordinate>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B743CDBDB56FFB3F9B6FE2FFC567BE0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1806563199" collectionCode="MCP" collectorName="Olaria &amp; North" country="Uruguay" location="Rio Santa Maria" longitude="-54.8925" pageId="21" pageNumber="68" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Rosario do Sul">
<collectionCode id="ED0DAE43DB56FFB3F9B6FE2FFE277B84" box="[423,482,402,426]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/bqgs-f9q8" name="Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="21" pageNumber="68">MCP</collectionCode>
19552 (3), 
<quantity id="4CE49B63DB56FFB3FA76FE2FFD3B7B84" box="[615,766,402,427]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.405" metricValueMax="3.36" metricValueMin="1.45" pageId="21" pageNumber="68" unit="mm" value="240.5" valueMax="336.0" valueMin="145.0">145–336 mm</quantity>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49D8F864DB56FFB3FB1BFE2FFC707B85" box="[778,949,402,427]" inferredBySuffix="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="68">Rosário do Sul</collectingRegion>
, pool next to 
<collectorName id="26E95350DB56FFB3FC5EFE2FFB507B85" box="[1103,1173,402,427]" pageId="21" pageNumber="68">Olaria</collectorName>
in the floodplain along 
<location id="8EC3605DDB56FFB3F886FE08FE907BE0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B58790DB57FFB0F886F8CFFAA778AA:8EC3605DDB56FFB3F886FE08FE907BE0" box="[151,341,437,462]" country="Uruguay" longitude="-54.8925" name="Rio Santa Maria" pageId="21" pageNumber="68" stateProvince="Rosario do Sul">Rio Santa Maria</location>
, 
<collectorName id="26E95350DB56FFB3F973FE08FE617BE0" box="[354,420,437,462]" pageId="21" pageNumber="68">North</collectorName>
side of BR290 (30°14’16”, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE285041DB56FFB3FAFBFE08FC4E7BE0" box="[746,907,437,462]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="68" precision="15" value="-54.8925">054°53’33”W</geoCoordinate>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B743CDBDB56FFB3FBB0FE0BFA947BDC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1806563205" collectionCode="MCP, PCH" collectorName="Roque Gonzales" country="Uruguay" latitude="-28.5" location="Pirapo" longLatPrecision="1232" longitude="-55.166668" municipality="Rio Ijui" pageId="21" pageNumber="68" specimenCode="560" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="ED0DAE43DB56FFB3FBB0FE0BFC197BE0" box="[929,988,438,462]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/bqgs-f9q8" name="Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="21" pageNumber="68">MCP</collectionCode>
<quantity id="4CE49B63DB56FFB3FBF7FE0BFBEB7BE0" box="[998,1070,438,462]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.117756" pageId="21" pageNumber="68" unit="mm" value="3.117756E7">31177</quantity>
, 
<specimenCode id="DBBA9EFDDB56FFB3FC2AFE08FBA07BE0" box="[1083,1125,437,462]" collectionCode="MCP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/bqgs-f9q8" name="Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="21" pageNumber="68">560</specimenCode>
mm, 
<collectorName id="26E95350DB56FFB3FCB8FE0AFAA37BE0" box="[1193,1382,437,462]" pageId="21" pageNumber="68">Roque Gonzales</collectorName>
, Rio 
<collectingCountry id="F30B7616DB56FFB3F886FE64FF367BDC" box="[151,243,473,498]" name="Uruguay" pageId="21" pageNumber="68">Uruguai</collectingCountry>
drainage, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC7ACFCDB56FFB3F961FE64FE0E7BDC" box="[368,459,473,498]" pageId="21" pageNumber="68">Rio Ijuí</collectingMunicipality>
near small hydroelectric power station (
<collectionCode id="ED0DAE43DB56FFB3FBB9FE67FC277BDC" box="[936,994,474,498]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13883" name="Prestwich and Pilkington Botanical Society" pageId="21" pageNumber="68">PCH</collectionCode>
) 
<location id="8EC3605DDB56FFB3FBE5FE64FBF87BDC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B58790DB57FFB0F886F8CFFAA778AA:8EC3605DDB56FFB3FBE5FE64FBF87BDC" box="[1012,1085,473,498]" country="Uruguay" latitude="-28.5" longLatPrecision="1232" longitude="-55.166668" municipality="Rio Ijui" name="Pirapo" pageId="21" pageNumber="68">Pirapó</location>
(~ 
<geoCoordinate id="EE285041DB56FFB3FC73FE67FB057BDC" box="[1122,1216,474,498]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="68" precision="925" value="-28.5">28°30’S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE285041DB56FFB3FCC1FE64FA8C7BDC" box="[1232,1353,473,498]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="68" precision="925" value="-55.166668">055°10’W</geoCoordinate>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B743CDBDB56FFB3FD70FE67FD717838" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1806563208" collectionCode="MCP" collectorName="Roque Gonzales" country="Uruguay" latitude="-28.5" location="Pirapo" longLatPrecision="1232" longitude="-55.166668" municipality="Rio Ijui" pageId="21" pageNumber="68" specimenCode="550" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="ED0DAE43DB56FFB3FD70FE67FA597BDC" box="[1377,1436,474,498]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/bqgs-f9q8" name="Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="21" pageNumber="68">MCP</collectionCode>
<quantity id="4CE49B63DB56FFB3F886FE40FF257838" box="[151,224,509,534]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.937555" pageId="21" pageNumber="68" unit="mm" value="3.937555E7">39375</quantity>
, 
<specimenCode id="DBBA9EFDDB56FFB3F8FFFE40FEDD7838" box="[238,280,509,534]" collectionCode="MCP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/bqgs-f9q8" name="Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="21" pageNumber="68">550</specimenCode>
mm, same locality as 
<collectionCode id="ED0DAE43DB56FFB3FA34FE43FDA57838" box="[549,608,510,534]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/bqgs-f9q8" name="Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="21" pageNumber="68">MCP</collectionCode>
31177
</materialsCitation>
; UFRGS 
<quantity id="4CE49B63DB56FFB3FB39FE40FC27783B" box="[808,994,509,534]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4457498" pageId="21" pageNumber="68" unit="mm" value="1.4457498E7">14457, 498 mm</quantity>
, (~27°11’S, 053°06’W). 
<materialsCitation id="3B743CDBDB56FFB3FD17FE40FEF67873" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1806563212" collectionCode="MCP" collectorName="Ita" country="Brazil" location="Rio do Engano" longitude="-52.216667" municipality="Rio Uruguai" pageId="21" pageNumber="68" specimenCode="440" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Santa Catarina">
<emphasis id="B968EA94DB56FFB3FD17FE40FEC07817" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="68">
<collectingCountry id="F30B7616DB56FFB3FD17FE40FA887838" box="[1286,1357,509,534]" name="Brazil" pageId="21" pageNumber="68">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49D8F864DB56FFB3FD4DFE43FF3A7817" country="Brazil" name="Santa Catarina" pageId="21" pageNumber="68">Santa Catarina</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED0DAE43DB56FFB3F900FD9CFE897817" box="[273,332,545,569]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/bqgs-f9q8" name="Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="21" pageNumber="68">MCP</collectionCode>
<quantity id="4CE49B63DB56FFB3F946FD9CFE657817" box="[343,416,545,569]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.904444" pageId="21" pageNumber="68" unit="mm" value="1.904444E7">19044</quantity>
, 
<specimenCode id="DBBA9EFDDB56FFB3F9A1FD9CFE1F7817" box="[432,474,545,569]" collectionCode="MCP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/bqgs-f9q8" name="Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="21" pageNumber="68">440</specimenCode>
mm, 
<collectorName id="26E95350DB56FFB3FA35FD9CFD817817" box="[548,580,545,569]" pageId="21" pageNumber="68">Itá</collectorName>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC7ACFCDB56FFB3FA45FD9CFD237814" box="[596,742,545,570]" pageId="21" pageNumber="68">Rio Uruguai</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="8EC3605DDB56FFB3FAE7FD9CFC6F7814" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B58790DB57FFB0F886F8CFFAA778AA:8EC3605DDB56FFB3FAE7FD9CFC6F7814" box="[758,938,545,570]" country="Brazil" longitude="-52.216667" municipality="Rio Uruguai" name="Rio do Engano" pageId="21" pageNumber="68" stateProvince="Santa Catarina">Rio do Engano</location>
, road 
<locationDeviation id="9A112FA4DB56FFB3FBE6FD9CFB3E7817" box="[1015,1275,545,570]" pageId="21" pageNumber="68">
between Itá and 
<collectingRegion id="49D8F864DB56FFB3FCACFD9CFB3E7817" box="[1213,1275,545,569]" country="Brazil" name="Ceara" pageId="21" pageNumber="68">Seara</collectingRegion>
</locationDeviation>
(27°08’60”S, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE285041DB56FFB3F886FDF9FEEF7873" box="[151,298,580,605]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="68" precision="15" value="-52.216667">52°13’00”W</geoCoordinate>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B743CDBDB56FFB3F92FFDF8FA807873" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1806563211" box="[318,1349,580,605]" collectionCode="MCP" collectorName="Itapiranga &amp; Fortaleza" country="Uruguay" latitude="-27.195" location="Uruguai" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="-53.64278" pageId="21" pageNumber="68" specimenCode="410" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="ED0DAE43DB56FFB3F92FFDF8FEBC7873" box="[318,377,581,605]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/bqgs-f9q8" name="Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="21" pageNumber="68">MCP</collectionCode>
<quantity id="4CE49B63DB56FFB3F990FDF9FE0F7873" box="[385,458,580,605]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0683409999999998" pageId="21" pageNumber="68" unit="mm" value="2.068341E7">20683</quantity>
, 
<specimenCode id="DBBA9EFDDB56FFB3F9C4FDF8FE3A7873" box="[469,511,581,605]" collectionCode="MCP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/bqgs-f9q8" name="Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="21" pageNumber="68">410</specimenCode>
mm, 
<collectorName id="26E95350DB56FFB3FA51FDF9FD717873" box="[576,692,580,605]" pageId="21" pageNumber="68">Itapiranga</collectorName>
, Rio 
<collectingCountry id="F30B7616DB56FFB3FAE1FDF9FC8B7873" box="[752,846,580,605]" name="Uruguay" pageId="21" pageNumber="68">Uruguai</collectingCountry>
, near 
<collectorName id="26E95350DB56FFB3FB80FDF9FC3C7873" box="[913,1017,580,605]" pageId="21" pageNumber="68">Fortaleza</collectorName>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE285041DB56FFB3FC18FDF8FB557873" box="[1033,1168,581,605]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="68" precision="15" value="-27.195">27°11’42”S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE285041DB56FFB3FC8DFDF9FAF87873" box="[1180,1341,580,605]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="68" precision="15" value="-53.64278">053°38’34”W</geoCoordinate>
)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B743CDBDB56FFB3FD41FDF9FE59788B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1806563203" collectionCode="MZUSP" collectorName="Corumbatai" country="Brazil" county="Represa do Boa" latitude="-21.766666" location="Rio Tiete" longLatPrecision="1262" longitude="-48.966667" municipality="Rio Parana" pageId="21" pageNumber="68" specimenCode="MZUSP 22246" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">
<emphasis id="B968EA94DB56FFB3FD41FDF9FEDC78AF" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="68">
<collectingCountry id="F30B7616DB56FFB3FD41FDF9FA527873" box="[1360,1431,580,605]" name="Brazil" pageId="21" pageNumber="68">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49D8F864DB56FFB3F886FDD4FED678AF" box="[151,275,616,641]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="21" pageNumber="68">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<specimenCode id="DBBA9EFDDB56FFB3F937FDD4FE1378AF" box="[294,470,616,641]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="21" pageNumber="68">MZUSP 22246</specimenCode>
(3), 
<quantity id="4CE49B63DB56FFB3FA06FDD4FD7678AE" box="[535,691,617,641]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.06" metricValueMax="2.82" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="21" pageNumber="68" unit="mm" value="206.0" valueMax="282.0" valueMin="130.0">130–282 mm</quantity>
, 
<collectingCounty id="62C24E0ADB56FFB3FAD4FDD4FC4178AE" box="[709,900,616,641]" pageId="21" pageNumber="68">Represa do Boa</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectorName id="26E95350DB56FFB3FB84FDD5FBD978AF" box="[917,1052,616,641]" pageId="21" pageNumber="68">Corumbataí</collectorName>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC7ACFCDB56FFB3FC3CFDD5FB6B78AF" box="[1069,1198,616,641]" pageId="21" pageNumber="68">
Rio 
<collectingRegion id="49D8F864DB56FFB3FC73FDD4FB6B78AF" box="[1122,1198,617,641]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="21" pageNumber="68">Paraná</collectingRegion>
</collectingMunicipality>
drainage, 
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(~ 
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, 
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)
</materialsCitation>
; 
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<specimenCode id="DBBA9EFDDB56FFB3F9B8FD30FD92788B" box="[425,599,652,677]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="21" pageNumber="68">
MZUSP 
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</specimenCode>
, 
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mm, 
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, Rio 
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drainage, 
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, 
<collectorName id="26E95350DB56FFB3FCC0FD30FA59788B" box="[1233,1436,653,677]" pageId="21" pageNumber="68">Lagoa Ponte Seca</collectorName>
(~ 
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, 
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)
</materialsCitation>
; 
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<specimenCode id="DBBA9EFDDB56FFB3F9B7FD0DFD9178E6" box="[422,596,687,712]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="21" pageNumber="68">
MZUSP 
<quantity id="4CE49B63DB56FFB3FA1AFD12FD9178E6" box="[523,596,687,712]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6001998" pageId="21" pageNumber="68" unit="mm" value="4.6001998E7">46001</quantity>
</specimenCode>
, 
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mm, Rio 
<collectingRegion id="49D8F864DB56FFB3FAE8FD0DFC8078E6" box="[761,837,688,712]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="21" pageNumber="68">Paraná</collectingRegion>
drainage, 
<collectorName id="26E95350DB56FFB3FBABFD0CFBB478E6" box="[954,1137,687,712]" pageId="21" pageNumber="68">Porto Primavera</collectorName>
(~ 
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, 
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).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C306650DDB56FFB3F8D6FD6EFE1679ED" pageId="21" pageNumber="68" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BA33686DB56FFB3F8D6FD6EFE1679ED" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="21" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis id="B968EA94DB56FFB3F8D6FD6EFE8478C2" bold="true" box="[199,321,723,748]" pageId="21" pageNumber="68">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D05DB56FFB3F95DFD69FDB378C2" authorityName="Valenciennes" authorityYear="1847" box="[332,630,723,748]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inaequilabiatus">
<emphasis id="B968EA94DB56FFB3F95DFD69FDB378C2" box="[332,630,723,748]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="68">Gymnotus inaequilabiatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from all sympatric members of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D05DB56FFB3FC68FD69FAEF78C2" authorityName="Albert &amp; Crampton" authorityYear="2003" box="[1145,1322,724,748]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigre">
<emphasis id="B968EA94DB56FFB3FC68FD69FAEF78C2" box="[1145,1322,724,748]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="68">Gymnotus tigre</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clade (
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D05DB56FFB3FD95FD69FEE57921" authorityName="Albert and Crampton" authorityYear="2003" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paraguensis">
<emphasis id="B968EA94DB56FFB3FD95FD69FEE57921" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="68">G. paraguensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) on the following characters: 1, more precaudal vertebrae (
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all specimens vs. 32–35, median 34); 2, fewer ventral lateral-line rami (VLR 23–38, median 32 vs. 49–55, median 50). 
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D05DB56FFB3FC32FCA1FA8C791A" authorityName="Valenciennes" authorityYear="1847" box="[1059,1353,795,820]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inaequilabiatus">
<emphasis id="B968EA94DB56FFB3FC32FCA1FA8C791A" box="[1059,1353,795,820]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="68">Gymnotus inaequilabiatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
further differs from sympatric 
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D05DB56FFB3F98CFC82FDCA7978" authorityName="Craig &amp; Malabarba &amp; Crampton &amp; Albert" authorityYear="2018" box="[413,527,831,854]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B968EA94DB56FFB3F98CFC82FDCA7978" box="[413,527,831,854]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="68">Gymnotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species on the following characters: 1, total length (max. 
<quantity id="4CE49B63DB56FFB3FCB5FC82FAC77979" box="[1188,1282,831,855]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.98" pageId="21" pageNumber="68" unit="mm" value="998.0">998 mm</quantity>
vs. max. 
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in 
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D05DB56FFB3F8F6FCDEFE467955" authorityName="Craig, Crampton and Albert" authorityYear="2017" box="[231,387,866,891]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="carapo" subSpecies="australis">
<emphasis id="B968EA94DB56FFB3F8F6FCDEFE467955" box="[231,387,866,891]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="68">G. c. australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and max. 
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in 
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D05DB56FFB3FA6BFCDEFD0F7955" authorityName="Craig &amp; Malabarba &amp; Crampton &amp; Albert" authorityYear="2018" box="[634,714,867,891]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuia">
<emphasis id="B968EA94DB56FFB3FA6BFCDEFD0F7955" box="[634,714,867,891]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="68">G. cuia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the next two largest species); 2, a color pattern characterized by 21–29, mode 22 obliquely-oriented, chocolate-colored bands in juveniles (&lt;
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), replaced in adults by large, irregular spots and blotches.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C306650DDB56FFB0F8D6FC70FAA778AA" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="69" pageId="21" pageNumber="68" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA33686DB56FFB3F8D6FC70FF1B7DDD" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="21" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis id="B968EA94DB56FFB3F8D6FC70FE9E79C8" bold="true" box="[199,347,973,998]" pageId="21" pageNumber="68">Description:</emphasis>
Morphometric and meristic data in 
<tableCitation id="C69E033DDB56FFB3FB02FC70FCA879C8" box="[787,877,973,998]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="19.[151,239,584,607]" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric data for 128 specimens in six species of the G. carapo clade. See Materials and Methods for morphometric abbreviations. Modes reported for all meristic characters except numbers of anal-fin rays (AFR), pored lateral-line scales anterior to the first ventral lateral-line ramus (PLR), total pored lateral-line scales (PLL) and ventral lateral-line rami (VLR), all of which are reported as medians." pageId="21" pageNumber="68">Table 1</tableCitation>
. Sexually monomorphic, including in breeding condition. Total length to 
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.
</specimenCount>
Morphological maturity at roughly 
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. Scales rounded to slightly ovoid on anterior two thirds of body, ovoid on posterior one third. Gape large in mature specimens, to or beyond posterior nares. Mouth superior with lower jaw longer than upper, rictus decurved. Chin especially fleshy and protuberant with fleshy pad of electrosensitive organs overlying tip of snout and oral jaws. Anterior narial pore partially to entirely included within gape in narial fold. Anterior nares large, subequal to eye diameter. Circumorbital series ovoid. Ethmoid region broad between anterior nares, with rounded anterior margin. Eye position lateral, lower margin of eye dorsal or horizontal to rictus. Premaxilla with 11 teeth disposed in single row along outer margin, arrow-head shaped anteriorly, conical posteriorly. Straight median margin of premaxilla. Maxilla-palatine articulation near anterior tip of endopterygoid. Maxilla vertical, rod-shaped, narrow distally with a straight ventral margin, length equal to roughly width of 4–6 dentary teeth. Dentary with one row of 12–15 teeth, none arrow-head shaped anteriorly. Posterodorsal and posteroventral dentary processes abut at midlength. Dentary posteroventral process shorter than posterodorsal, narrow distally. Dentary ventral margin lamella narrow, depth less than posterior process. Opercle dorsal margin straight to slightly convex. Dorsal opercular process lamellar or rugose, crest absent or small, posterior margin entirely smooth, without spines or processes. Preopercle with anteroventral notch, posterodorsal laterosensory ramus with two superficial pores, margin of medial shelf entire, median shelf large, more than one-half width of symplectic. Metapterygoid superior and inferior portions approximately equal in size, ascending process robust, long, base shorter than length, curved, tip simple. Interopercle dorsal margin ascending process broad. Subopercle dorsal margin concave. Retroarticular with an arched lamella posteriorly forming a small canal, posterior margin square. Anguloarticular process short, extending beyond ventral margin of dentary. Mandible long, extended, length greater than twice depth. Trigeminal nerve canals divided within the hyomandibula. Posterior lateral line fenestra not contacting posterodorsal margin of hyomandibula. Cranial fontanels closed in juveniles and adults. Frontal shape broad, width at fourth infraorbital greater than that of parietal, anterior margin of straight, continuous with margins of adjacent roofing bones, postorbital process broad, more than two times width of supraorbital canal. Lateral ethmoid absent. Parietal rectangular, length less than width. Parasphenoid anteroventral portion robust, extending ventral to lateral margin of parasphenoid, posterior processes narrow. Prootic foraminae separate for cranial nerves Vp and 
<date id="FFA21046DB56FFB3FBC5F8D2FBD67DA9" box="[980,1043,1903,1927]" pageId="21" pageNumber="68">V2–3</date>
+VII. Adductor mandibula muscle undivided at insertion, intermuscular bones absent. All basibranchials unossified. Gill rakers not contacting gill bar. Pectoral with 13–21 (mode 19) rays, medial radial large. Mesocoracoid elongate, length more than four times width.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA33686DB55FFB0F8D6FF2AFAC87BA6" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="22" pageNumber="69">Cleithrum broad, ventral margin curved, anterior limb long, more than 1.8 times ascending limb, deeply incised on its anteroventral margin, without large facet for insertion of muscle from supracleithrum. Postcleithrum thin, discoid or sickle shaped. Body cavity of long, with 45 precaudal vertebrae. Rib five robust along its entire extent, less than three times width of rib six. Hemal spines present. Displaced hemal spines absent. Length anal-fin pterygiophores equal to or longer than hemal spines. Anal fin with 214–390 (median 370) rays. Lateral line ventral rami 23–38 (median 32). Caudal appendage short, less one-half length of pectoral fin. Single hypaxial electric organ along entire ventral margin of body. Four rows of electroplates near caudal insertion of anal fin.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA33686DB55FFB0F8D6FE29FAA778AA" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="22" pageNumber="69">
<emphasis id="B968EA94DB55FFB0F8D6FE29FE5E7B83" bold="true" box="[199,411,404,429]" pageId="22" pageNumber="69">Color in Alcohol:</emphasis>
Bands, spots and blotches irregular in shape, width and color, on specimens and among individuals. Ground color tan to yellow. In juveniles (
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), obliquely-oriented, chocolate-colored bands with wavy, irregular margins on lateral surface from nape and to tip of caudal appendage, occurring singly or as band-pairs, increasingly divided and irregular with size (21–29 mode 22). In adults, bands replaced by spots and blotches. Head never banded, spotted, or blotched, dark grey dorsally grading to lighter grey ventrally. Numerous chromophores speckled over branchiostegal membranes and ventral surface of head. Pectoral-fin rays brown, interradial membranes hyaline. Anal-fin membrane with irregular broken horizontal stripes on posterior 20%.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>