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treatments-xml/data/56/09/87/560987ACFFD8CD73DDD4FB7AFA64F804.xml

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<document id="AEB1396615CA56944B4095E526664593" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.149.1.6" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5100457" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1626237888465" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Ranjbar, Massoud &amp; Negaresh, Kazem" docDate="2013" docId="560987ACFFD8CD73DDD4FB7AFA64F804" docLanguage="en" docName="Phytotaxa.149.1.50-60.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 149 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.149.1.6" docStyle="DocumentStyle:13F189B31CB4CCCE9197361A4E100104.3:Phytotaxa.2011-2013.journal_article" docStyleId="13F189B31CB4CCCE9197361A4E100104" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2011-2013.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Centaurea sanandajensis Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh 2013, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="55" masterDocId="AA30FFD4FFD9CD76DD43FF80FFF8FFE5" masterDocTitle="A contribution to Centaurea sect. Acrocentron (Asteraceae) from Iran" masterLastPageNumber="60" masterPageNumber="50" pageNumber="51" updateTime="1699006748974" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="7FC91FA47E61153463C88404B4D6E83E" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="25677F57CD7E9A355D13176D75827A84">
<mods:title id="A2F425CEFC3C9B7F435CF67291F572E4">A contribution to Centaurea sect. Acrocentron (Asteraceae) from Iran</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="498C014A7372018D69F6FF86325EC7C3" type="personal">
<mods:role id="5CF3BF833163AB636CF4B5E074402125">
<mods:roleTerm id="BDA0D5D5E9F562D8C07D508E860905B7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="75EC79399775A65F4281D4626542A781">Ranjbar, Massoud</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="FFA4D29BDB49BD906EB58B42FA4F888E" type="personal">
<mods:role id="B69A0A525F35260328001DE1F2020C54">
<mods:roleTerm id="33EC9BB220FAC66185C78EDFC2762EC8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="3D18BFFE33777DA2B6BA58CBBDE90645">Negaresh, Kazem</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="8924A63C09A094E2D616FAA0F39669CB">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="DD609BB7D0E3524E837B509FE3C21137" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="EA8F3F16B9E26C0A28CC31A5B97EC971">
<mods:title id="E282566E4F8662121CB9EB6BD1CCE2BE">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="F56FE6B125DAD6743BE2623ED530D3A4">
<mods:date id="C589B94F3B3CD37425B7CB258DDC271B">2013</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="66AB930B5FC48F5F05903191F1F330F5" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="AF1AFD34D7F0A638B38D3BE98E9EAFB5">2013-12-02</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="75A7A8D83906F174043FECB49DF47741" type="volume">
<mods:number id="D8C421B12EA81E6D5136701D96DC7C22">149</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="D149BCBB728DE4539FE5601BF37E1B4F" type="issue">
<mods:number id="23026CD0C06D42B34F854B783FE246A4">1</mods:number>
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<mods:extent id="343C6DB6F97981DEE1DAB6773FCA527E" unit="page">
<mods:start id="74F6846AFC03C6CF46123DEC1FF67D37">50</mods:start>
<mods:end id="C560E9B2ED21EC50081CFFEC3458ED68">60</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="BAD4D222D375FB82EA1FEF77B9DFD021">
<mods:url id="B971ED316B680E0EB90E42BA6FE9749B">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.149.1.6</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="980223090E789C9BA069BDD5A284BEFE">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="EAE14F22606D3C49DCA8363B6C031045" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.149.1.6</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="21EFB3E4369D965B6EF34D16899ECD5A" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="5CE869D7D683F554601409501C1003F0" type="Zenodo-Dep">5100457</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="560987ACFFD8CD73DDD4FB7AFA64F804" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5100503" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5100503" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:560987ACFFD8CD73DDD4FB7AFA64F804" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/560987ACFFD8CD73DDD4FB7AFA64F804" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">
<subSubSection id="96BA6531FFD8CD77DDD4FB7AFE3CFA3D" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="DE1F36BAFFD8CD77DDD4FB7AFC6FFAF0" blockId="1.[151,919,1274,1301]" box="[151,919,1274,1301]" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">
<heading id="855781D6FFD8CD77DDD4FB7AFC6FFAF0" box="[151,919,1274,1301]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="19A04D39FFD8CD77DDD4FB7AFD41FAF0" ID-CoL="S7DM" authority="Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh" authorityName="Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh" authorityYear="2013" box="[151,697,1274,1301]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sanandajensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="ECD4EAA8FFD8CD77DDD4FB7AFE3BFAF1" bold="true" box="[151,451,1274,1300]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">Centaurea sanandajensis</emphasis>
Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F7E757D3FFD8CD77DF87FB7AFCE6FAF0" box="[708,798,1274,1301]" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" rank="species">
<emphasis id="ECD4EAA8FFD8CD77DF87FB7AFCEFFAF1" bold="true" box="[708,791,1274,1300]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation id="469B2A3FFFD8CD77DE66FB7BFC8CFAF0" box="[805,884,1275,1301]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,244,1946,1967]" captionTargetBox="[198,1388,185,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-60@2.[198,1388,185,1924]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Centaurea sanandajensis Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh (Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh 31630, BASU). A. capitulum. B. habit. C. median cauline leaves. D. rootstock. Scale A = 1 cm, B–C = 2 cm, D = 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5100459" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5100459/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="469B2A3FFFD8CD77DEC2FB7BFC6AFAF0" box="[897,914,1275,1301]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,244,1952,1973]" captionTargetBox="[214,1373,191,1930]" captionTargetId="figure-59@3.[214,1373,191,1930]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Centaurea sanandajensis Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh (Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh 31630, BASU). A. fertile achene. B. sterile achenes. C. synflorescence. D. leaves. Scale A–B = 1 mm, C–D = 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5100461" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5100461/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">2</figureCitation>
.
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DE1F36BAFFD8CD77DDD4FAA1FE3CFA3D" blockId="1.[151,1436,1313,1560]" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="ECD4EAA8FFD8CD77DDD4FAA1FE3CFA3D" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">
Centaureae longipedunculatae affinis, a qua foliis basalibus
<quantity id="19589B5FFFD8CD77DE70FAA1FC65FADD" box="[819,925,1313,1336]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" unit="cm" value="29.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="28.0">28–30 cm</quantity>
(nec
<quantity id="19589B5FFFD8CD77DE9DFAA1FBB1FADD" box="[990,1097,1313,1336]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" unit="cm" value="45.0" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="40.0">40–50 cm</quantity>
) longis, lyratis (nec lyratis vel pinnatisectis), segmentis lateralibus ab utroque latere in numero 2–3 (nec (3–)4–7(–8)), involucris ovoideis (nec oblongis)
<quantity id="19589B5FFFD8CD77DC71FAE1FE5AFA9D" box="[306,418,1377,1400]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="15.5" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="15.0">15–16 mm</quantity>
(nec
<quantity id="19589B5FFFD8CD77DC9EFAE1FDB7FA9D" box="[477,591,1377,1400]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="23.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="22.0">22–25 mm</quantity>
) longis, appendicibus parvis (nec magnis), ungues phyllorum pro parte minore (nec majore) obtegentibus, semilunaribus vel breviter triangularibus (nec triangularibus), non decurrentibus (nec decurrentibus), inermibus (nec spinis
<quantity id="19589B5FFFD8CD77DF19FA21FD57FA5D" box="[602,687,1441,1464]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="5.0">5–8 mm</quantity>
longis), ciliis
<quantity id="19589B5FFFD8CD77DE04FA21FC49FA5D" box="[839,945,1441,1464]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="1.15" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="0.3">0.3–2 mm</quantity>
(nec
<quantity id="19589B5FFFD8CD77DEAFFA21FBBAFA5D" box="[1004,1090,1441,1464]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="3.0">3–6 mm</quantity>
) longis, floribus
<quantity id="19589B5FFFD8CD77D9BBFA21FA9FFA5D" box="[1272,1383,1441,1464]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="21.5" valueMax="22.0" valueMin="21.0">21–22 mm</quantity>
(nec ±
<quantity id="19589B5FFFD8CD77DD9FFA41FEDDFA3D" box="[220,293,1473,1496]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
) longis differt.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="96BA6531FFD8CD72DDD4FA61FCA8FD2A" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="DE1F36BAFFD8CD77DDD4FA61FCDCF9FD" blockId="1.[151,1436,1313,1560]" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">
<materialsCitation id="6EC83CE7FFD8CD77DDD4FA61FCD8F9FD" collectingDate="2012-07-20" collectionCode="BASU, B" collectorName="Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh" country="Iran" county="Langeriz village" elevation="1350" location="Type" municipality="Sarv Abad" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<location id="DB7F6061FFD8CD77DDD4FA61FF37FA1D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:560987ACFFD8CD73DDD4FB7AFA64F804:DB7F6061FFD8CD77DDD4FA61FF37FA1D" box="[151,207,1505,1528]" country="Iran" county="Langeriz village" municipality="Sarv Abad" name="Type" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">Type</location>
:—
<collectingCountry id="A6B7762AFFD8CD77DDADFA61FECAFA1D" box="[238,306,1505,1528]" name="Iran" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">IRAN</collectingCountry>
. Prov. Kurdestan:
<location id="DB7F6061FFD8CD77DCBDFA61FD98FA1D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:560987ACFFD8CD73DDD4FB7AFA64F804:DB7F6061FFD8CD77DCBDFA61FD98FA1D" box="[510,608,1505,1528]" country="Iran" county="Langeriz village" municipality="Sarv Abad" name="Sanandaj" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">Sanandaj</location>
to
<location id="DB7F6061FFD8CD77DFC4FA61FD1CFA1D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:560987ACFFD8CD73DDD4FB7AFA64F804:DB7F6061FFD8CD77DFC4FA61FD1CFA1D" box="[647,740,1505,1528]" country="Iran" county="Langeriz village" municipality="Sarv Abad" name="Marivan" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">Marivan</location>
,
<quantity id="19589B5FFFD8CD77DFB2FA61FCCFFA1D" box="[753,823,1505,1528]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" unit="km" value="20.0">20 km</quantity>
to
<collectingMunicipality id="3E7BACC0FFD8CD77DE1DFA61FC2DFA1D" box="[862,981,1505,1528]" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">Sarv Abad</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="377E4E36FFD8CD77DEA1FA61FB6DFA1D" box="[994,1173,1505,1528]" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">Langeriz village</collectingCounty>
,
<quantity id="19589B5FFFD8CD77D9E0FA61FB01FA1D" box="[1187,1273,1505,1528]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="1350.0">
<elevation id="558DD189FFD8CD77D9E0FA61FB01FA1D" box="[1187,1273,1505,1528]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="1350.0">1350 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="AA1E107AFFD8CD77D845FA61FA60FA1D" box="[1286,1432,1505,1528]" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" value="2012-07-20">
<collectingDate id="BA5AE992FFD8CD77D845FA61FA60FA1D" box="[1286,1432,1505,1528]" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" value="2012-07-20">20 July 2012</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="ECD4EAA8FFD8CD77DD84F981FE17F9FD" box="[199,495,1537,1560]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">
<collectorName id="7355536CFFD8CD77DD84F981FEE6F9FD" box="[199,286,1537,1560]" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">Ranjbar</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="7355536CFFD8CD77DC03F981FE5DF9FD" box="[320,421,1537,1560]" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">Negaresh</collectorName>
31630
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="011B8818FFD8CD77DCBEF981FDA4F9FD" box="[509,604,1537,1560]" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="B8B1AE7FFFD8CD77DF21F981FD49F9FD" box="[610,689,1537,1560]" country="Iran" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15764" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15764" name="Bu-Ali Sina University" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" type="Herbarium">BASU</collectionCode>
!, photo
<collectionCode id="B8B1AE7FFFD8CD77DE40F981FCEFF9FD" box="[771,791,1537,1560]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15534" name="Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Zentraleinrichtung der Freien Universitaet" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" type="Herbarium">B</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DE1F36BAFFD8CD72DDD4F9C8FCA8FD2A" blockId="1.[151,1436,1608,2021]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,152,951]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">
Perennial plants with thickened rootstock, ca.
<quantity id="19589B5FFFD8CD77DF80F9C8FCF5F987" box="[707,781,1608,1634]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" unit="cm" value="70.0">70 cm</quantity>
tall, usually completely light green, entirely glabrous; remains of stems and leaf bases of the previous year present. Stems ca. 4 to 5, erect, striate, yellowish, ca.
<quantity id="19589B5FFFD8CD77D833F9EEFF3DF94A" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 mm</quantity>
in diameter at the base, almost branched in upper part with 2 to 5 capitula. Leaves glabrous, planecoriaceous, sometimes margins subscabrous. Basal leaves distinctly large,
<quantity id="19589B5FFFD8CD77D943F93CFB8CF933" box="[1024,1140,1724,1750]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" unit="cm" value="29.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="28.0">28–30 cm</quantity>
long, lyrate; segments in 2–3 pairs, terminal segments distinctly larger, broadly lanceolate, 10–11 ×
<quantity id="19589B5FFFD8CD77D905F963FB5DF918" box="[1094,1189,1763,1789]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" unit="cm" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">4–5 cm</quantity>
, denticulate, lateral segments oblong or oblong-lanceolate,
<quantity id="19589B5FFFD8CD77DF25F889FD2DF8C6" box="[614,725,1801,1827]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="12.0" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="8.0">8–16 mm</quantity>
wide, entire, petiole up to
<quantity id="19589B5FFFD8CD77D951F889FBA4F8C6" box="[1042,1116,1801,1827]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" unit="cm" value="16.0">16 cm</quantity>
long, acute at apex. Lower cauline leaves large,
<quantity id="19589B5FFFD8CD77DCDDF8B0FDE0F8AF" box="[414,536,1840,1866]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" unit="cm" value="25.0" valueMax="26.0" valueMin="24.0">24–26 cm</quantity>
long, lyrate; segments in 2–4 pairs, terminal segments distinctly larger, lanceolate, 9–10 ×
<quantity id="19589B5FFFD8CD77DC3AF8D6FE12F895" box="[377,490,1878,1904]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" unit="cm" value="2.4" valueMax="2.8" valueMin="2.0">2–2.8 cm</quantity>
, denticulate or entire, lateral segments oblong,
<quantity id="19589B5FFFD8CD77D958F8D6FB73F895" box="[1051,1163,1878,1904]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="5.0">5–10 mm</quantity>
wide, entire, petiolate, up to
<quantity id="19589B5FFFD8CD77DD9AF8FDFEEBF872" box="[217,275,1917,1943]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" unit="cm" value="8.0">8 cm</quantity>
long, acute at apex. Median cauline leaves subsessile,
<quantity id="19589B5FFFD8CD77DED6F8FDFC02F872" box="[917,1018,1917,1943]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" unit="cm" value="13.5" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="9.0">9–18 cm</quantity>
long, lyrate; segments in 2–3 pairs, terminal segments much larger, broadly lanceolate or lanceolate, 9–10.5 ×
<quantity id="19589B5FFFD8CD77D97AF824FB57F85B" box="[1081,1199,1956,1982]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" unit="cm" value="2.25" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="2.0">2–2.5 cm</quantity>
, entire or remotely denticulate, lateral segments oblong,
<quantity id="19589B5FFFD8CD77DF0BF84BFD4FF800" box="[584,695,1995,2021]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="8.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="4.0">4–12 mm</quantity>
wide, acute at apex. Upper cauline leaves increasingly smaller, sessile,
<quantity id="19589B5FFFDDCD72DDB2FF18FEB0FF57" box="[241,328,152,178]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" unit="cm" value="4.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="1.0">1–7 cm</quantity>
long, sublyrate or with 2–3 lobes in lower part, sometimes simple, segments oblong or oblonglanceolate or narrowly lanceolate, entire, acuminate at apex. Capitula solitary at end of branches, peduncle 10–50(–53) mm long; involucres ovoid, rounded at base, 15–16 ×
<quantity id="19589B5FFFDDCD72DEA2FF65FB93FF1A" box="[993,1131,229,255]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="15.5" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="14.0">14–17 mm</quantity>
. Phyllaries multiseriate, coriaceous-herbaceous, green, glabrous and smooth. Outer phyllaries ovate, 2–4.2 ×
<quantity id="19589B5FFFDDCD72D9F7FE8CFACCFEC3" box="[1204,1332,268,294]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="3.25" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.5">2.5–4 mm</quantity>
; median phyllaries oblong, 8–10 ×
<quantity id="19589B5FFFDDCD72DCA1FEB2FD9BFEA9" box="[482,611,306,332]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.75" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="5.75" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="5.5">5.5–6 mm</quantity>
; inner phyllaries oblong, 11–14 ×
<quantity id="19589B5FFFDDCD72D950FEB2FB6BFEA9" box="[1043,1171,306,332]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="5.6" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="5.2">5.2–6 mm</quantity>
, with hyaline border. Appendages very small, concealing only minor part of phyllaries, straw-coloured with pale brown that is more intensive in the central part, semilunar or shortly triangular, not decurrent, the inner ones sometimes suborbicular, spineless, 2–3(–3.5) mm wide at base (cilia excluded); cilia whitish, short, numerous, 4–8 on each side,
<quantity id="19589B5FFFDDCD72DC52FE4DFE7FFE02" box="[273,391,461,487]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.3" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="1.15" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="0.3">0.3–2 mm</quantity>
long, erect or subundulate. Flowers pink-purple; central florets hermaphrodite, ca.
<quantity id="19589B5FFFDDCD72D811FE4DFF3DFDEB" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="21.5" valueMax="22.0" valueMin="21.0">21–22 mm</quantity>
long, with 5 lobes equal and acute, with deeply brown nerves, tube yellow, anther tube slightly longer than corolla, apical appendages acute, stigma deeply purple, strongly longer than corolla, up to
<quantity id="19589B5FFFDDCD72D80EFD9AFA6FFDD1" box="[1357,1431,538,564]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
, symmetrically bifid,
<quantity id="19589B5FFFDDCD72DCD2FDC1FDD8FDBE" box="[401,544,577,603]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="0.25" valueMax="0.3" valueMin="0.2">0.2–0.3 mm</quantity>
long, pubescent; peripheral florets sterile, 4-lobed, limb lobe linear,
<quantity id="19589B5FFFDDCD72D81AFDC1FF3DFD67" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.25" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="7.25" valueMax="7.5" valueMin="7.0">7–7.5 mm</quantity>
long, scarcely radiant. Achenes oblong, ca.
<quantity id="19589B5FFFDDCD72DF9DFDE8FCC2FD67" box="[734,826,616,642]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="4.2">4.2 mm</quantity>
long, ca.
<quantity id="19589B5FFFDDCD72DEF0FDE8FBF6FD67" box="[947,1038,616,642]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="2.2">2.2 mm</quantity>
wide, yellow, smooth and shiny, adpressed white hairy; hilum lateral,
<quantity id="19589B5FFFDDCD72DF0AFD0EFD2FFD4D" box="[585,727,654,680]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="0.45" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.4">0.4–0.5 mm</quantity>
long, long-barbellate. Pappus double, scabrous, pale brown; outer setae
<quantity id="19589B5FFFDDCD72DC5FFD35FE6BFD2A" box="[284,403,693,719]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.25" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="7.25" valueMax="7.5" valueMin="7.0">7–7.5 mm</quantity>
long; inner shorter,
<quantity id="19589B5FFFDDCD72DFC3FD35FCF5FD2A" box="[640,781,693,719]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="1.9" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="1.3">1.3–2.5 mm</quantity>
long.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="8ADF6632FFDBCD74DDD4F81AFCD6F829" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5100459" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5100459" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5100459/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" startId="2.[151,244,1946,1967]" targetBox="[198,1388,185,1923]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="DE1F36BAFFDBCD74DDD4F81AFCD6F829" blockId="2.[151,1435,1946,1996]" pageId="2" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="ECD4EAA8FFDBCD74DDD4F81AFEFFF84A" bold="true" box="[151,263,1946,1967]" pageId="2" pageNumber="52">FIGURE 1</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="19A04D39FFDBCD74DC57F81AFD2DF84A" authority="Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh" authorityName="Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh" authorityYear="2013" box="[276,725,1946,1967]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sanandajensis">
<emphasis id="ECD4EAA8FFDBCD74DC57F81AFDFFF84A" box="[276,519,1946,1967]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="52">Centaurea sanandajensis</emphasis>
Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="ECD4EAA8FFDBCD74DFA7F81AFC09F84A" box="[740,1009,1946,1967]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="52">Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh 31630</emphasis>
, BASU).
<emphasis id="ECD4EAA8FFDBCD74D911F81AFB92F84A" bold="true" box="[1106,1130,1946,1967]" pageId="2" pageNumber="52">A.</emphasis>
capitulum.
<emphasis id="ECD4EAA8FFDBCD74D99EF81AFB0CF84A" bold="true" box="[1245,1268,1946,1967]" pageId="2" pageNumber="52">B.</emphasis>
habit.
<emphasis id="ECD4EAA8FFDBCD74D874F81AFAB7F84A" bold="true" box="[1335,1359,1946,1967]" pageId="2" pageNumber="52">C.</emphasis>
median cauline leaves.
<emphasis id="ECD4EAA8FFDBCD74DC69F837FEBAF829" bold="true" box="[298,322,1975,1996]" pageId="2" pageNumber="52">D.</emphasis>
rootstock. Scale A = 1 cm, B–C = 2 cm, D = 3 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="8ADF6632FFDACD75DDD4F820FD0DF83C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5100461" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5100461" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5100461/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" startId="3.[151,244,1952,1973]" targetBox="[214,1373,191,1930]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="DE1F36BAFFDACD75DDD4F820FD0DF83C" blockId="3.[151,1437,1952,2009]" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="ECD4EAA8FFDACD75DDD4F820FEFEF850" bold="true" box="[151,262,1952,1973]" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">FIGURE 2</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="19A04D39FFDACD75DC52F820FD36F850" authority="Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh" authorityName="Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh" authorityYear="2013" box="[273,718,1952,1973]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sanandajensis">
<emphasis id="ECD4EAA8FFDACD75DC52F820FDFCF850" box="[273,516,1952,1973]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">Centaurea sanandajensis</emphasis>
Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="ECD4EAA8FFDACD75DF98F820FC1DF850" box="[731,997,1952,1973]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh 31630</emphasis>
, BASU).
<emphasis id="ECD4EAA8FFDACD75D907F820FBA4F850" bold="true" box="[1092,1116,1952,1973]" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">A.</emphasis>
fertile achene.
<emphasis id="ECD4EAA8FFDACD75D9ADF820FAFDF850" bold="true" box="[1262,1285,1952,1973]" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">B.</emphasis>
sterile achenes.
<emphasis id="ECD4EAA8FFDACD75DDD4F844FF56F83C" bold="true" box="[151,174,1988,2009]" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">C.</emphasis>
synflorescence.
<emphasis id="ECD4EAA8FFDACD75DC0DF844FE9EF83C" bold="true" box="[334,358,1988,2009]" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">D.</emphasis>
leaves. Scale A–B = 1 mm, C–D = 2 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="96BA6531FFDDCD72DD85FD5CFAFDFD13" box="[198,1285,732,758]" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="DE1F36BAFFDDCD72DD85FD5CFAFDFD13" blockId="4.[151,1436,152,951]" box="[198,1285,732,758]" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="ECD4EAA8FFDDCD72DD85FD5CFEAFFD13" bold="true" box="[198,343,732,758]" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">Etymology:</emphasis>
—The specific epithet refers to Sanandaj city, where the new species was found.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="96BA6531FFDDCD73DD85FC82FA99FA19" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="DE1F36BAFFDDCD72DD85FC82FBCFFC52" blockId="4.[151,1436,152,951]" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="ECD4EAA8FFDDCD72DD85FC82FDF5FCF9" bold="true" box="[198,525,770,796]" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">Distribution and habitat:</emphasis>
—
<taxonomicName id="19A04D39FFDDCD72DF68FC81FCA1FCFE" authorityName="Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh" authorityYear="2013" box="[555,857,769,795]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sanandajensis">
<emphasis id="ECD4EAA8FFDDCD72DF68FC81FCA1FCFE" box="[555,857,769,795]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">Centaurea sanandajensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs scattered between oak trees on clayey mountains in Kurdestan Province, W
<collectingCountry id="A6B7762AFFDDCD72DF0CFCA9FD86FCA6" box="[591,638,809,835]" name="Iran" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">Iran</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="469B2A3FFFDDCD72DFCDFCA9FD2DFCA6" box="[654,725,809,835]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,245,1675,1696]" captionTargetBox="[227,1365,999,1664]" captionTargetId="figure-482@4.[224,1381,965,1691]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Distribution of Centaurea sanandajensis (1), C. elegantissima (2), C. urvillei subsp. deinacantha (3), C. ochrocephala (4), and C. persica (6) in west Asia based on herbarium specimens in BASU, E, G, JE, LD, P, PR, VAN, W and WU." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5100463" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5100463/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). This species is an Irano-Turanian element. It is a sciophyte species that grows among decaying leaves at elevations of
<quantity id="19589B5FFFDDCD72DE10FCD0FC02FC8F" box="[851,1018,848,874]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" unit="m" value="1400.0" valueMax="1500.0" valueMin="1300.0">1300–1500 m</quantity>
. In addition, some other plants that occurred in the area were
<taxonomicName id="19A04D39FFDDCD72DC90FCF5FCB9FC6A" authority="subsp. barbata" box="[467,833,885,912]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Avena" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="barbata" subSpecies="barbata">
<emphasis id="ECD4EAA8FFDDCD72DC90FCF5FD7CFC6A" box="[467,644,885,911]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">Avena barbata</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="ECD4EAA8FFDDCD72DFA1FCF5FCB9FC6A" box="[738,833,885,911]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">barbata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="19A04D39FFDDCD72DE12FCF6FBDCFC6A" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1767" box="[849,1060,885,911]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Zoegea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leptaurea">
<emphasis id="ECD4EAA8FFDDCD72DE12FCF6FBDCFC6A" box="[849,1060,885,911]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">Zoegea leptaurea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="19A04D39FFDDCD72D977FCF5FAD1FC6A" box="[1076,1321,885,911]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Astragalus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="procerus">
<emphasis id="ECD4EAA8FFDDCD72D977FCF5FAD1FC6A" box="[1076,1321,885,911]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">Astragalus procerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="19A04D39FFDDCD72D879FCF5FEEBFC53" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Phlomis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lanceolata">
<emphasis id="ECD4EAA8FFDDCD72D879FCF5FEEBFC53" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">Phlomis lanceolata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="19A04D39FFDDCD72DC62FC1CFD12FC53" authority="subsp. aggregata" box="[289,746,924,951]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="aggregata" subSpecies="aggregata">
<emphasis id="ECD4EAA8FFDDCD72DC62FC1CFDE2FC53" box="[289,538,924,950]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">Centaurea aggregata</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="ECD4EAA8FFDDCD72DF30FC1DFD12FC53" box="[627,746,925,950]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">aggregata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="19A04D39FFDDCD72DFBAFC1CFBD7FC53" box="[761,1071,924,950]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Boraginaceae" genus="Heliotropium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Boraginales" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lasiocarpum">
<emphasis id="ECD4EAA8FFDDCD72DFBAFC1CFBD7FC53" box="[761,1071,924,950]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">Heliotropium lasiocarpum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="8ADF6632FFDDCD72DDD4F90BFB0DF958" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5100463" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5100463" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5100463/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" startId="4.[151,245,1675,1696]" targetBox="[227,1365,999,1664]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="DE1F36BAFFDDCD72DDD4F90BFB0DF958" blockId="4.[151,1436,1675,1725]" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="ECD4EAA8FFDDCD72DDD4F90BFEF0F945" bold="true" box="[151,264,1675,1696]" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">FIGURE 3</emphasis>
. Distribution of
<taxonomicName id="19A04D39FFDDCD72DCEFF90BFD5AF945" authorityName="Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh" authorityYear="2013" box="[428,674,1675,1696]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sanandajensis">
<emphasis id="ECD4EAA8FFDDCD72DCEFF90BFD5AF945" box="[428,674,1675,1696]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">Centaurea sanandajensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(1),
<taxonomicName id="19A04D39FFDDCD72DF91F90BFC8CF945" authorityName="Bornmuller" authorityYear="1928" box="[722,884,1675,1696]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="elegantissima">
<emphasis id="ECD4EAA8FFDDCD72DF91F90BFC8CF945" box="[722,884,1675,1696]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">C. elegantissima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(2),
<taxonomicName id="19A04D39FFDDCD72DEE7F90BFB33F945" authorityName="Wagenitz" authorityYear="1980" baseAuthorityName="Boiss. &amp; Hausskn." box="[932,1227,1675,1696]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="urvillei" subSpecies="deinacantha">
<emphasis id="ECD4EAA8FFDDCD72DEE7F90BFBFFF945" box="[932,1031,1675,1696]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">C. urvillei</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="ECD4EAA8FFDDCD72D910F90BFB33F945" box="[1107,1227,1675,1696]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">deinacantha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(3),
<taxonomicName id="19A04D39FFDDCD72D9B9F90BFA64F945" authorityName="Wagenitz" authorityYear="1980" box="[1274,1436,1675,1696]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ochrocephala">
<emphasis id="ECD4EAA8FFDDCD72D9B9F90BFA64F945" box="[1274,1436,1675,1696]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">C. ochrocephala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(4), and
<taxonomicName id="19A04D39FFDDCD72DDA4F928FEB2F958" authorityName="Boissier" authorityYear="1845" box="[231,330,1704,1725]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="persica">
<emphasis id="ECD4EAA8FFDDCD72DDA4F928FEB2F958" box="[231,330,1704,1725]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">C. persica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(6) in west Asia based on herbarium specimens in BASU, E, G, JE, LD, P, PR, VAN, W and WU.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="DE1F36BAFFDDCD72DD85F88AFBBBF800" blockId="4.[151,1436,1801,2021]" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="ECD4EAA8FFDDCD72DD85F88AFE81F8C1" bold="true" box="[198,377,1802,1828]" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">Relationships:</emphasis>
—
<taxonomicName id="19A04D39FFDDCD72DCD5F889FD3BF8C6" authorityName="Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh" authorityYear="2013" box="[406,707,1801,1827]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sanandajensis">
<emphasis id="ECD4EAA8FFDDCD72DCD5F889FD3BF8C6" box="[406,707,1801,1827]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">Centaurea sanandajensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belongs to
<emphasis id="ECD4EAA8FFDDCD72DE18F889FC8EF8C6" box="[859,886,1801,1827]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">C.</emphasis>
sect.
<taxonomicName id="19A04D39FFDDCD72DE87F889FBACF8C6" box="[964,1108,1801,1827]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Acrocentron">
<emphasis id="ECD4EAA8FFDDCD72DE87F889FBACF8C6" box="[964,1108,1801,1827]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">Acrocentron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which includes taxa with stems usually branched in the upper part, leaves lyrate or pinnatisect to bipinnate, not decurrent, with few medium-sized or large capitula, oblong-ovoid to subglobose involucres, and decurrent appendages ending to a spine. This species is very interesting because it is the only spineless species of
<emphasis id="ECD4EAA8FFDDCD72D979F8FDFBACF872" box="[1082,1108,1917,1943]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">C.</emphasis>
sect.
<taxonomicName id="19A04D39FFDDCD72D9D4F8FDFADFF872" box="[1175,1319,1917,1943]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Acrocentron">
<emphasis id="ECD4EAA8FFDDCD72D9D4F8FDFADFF872" box="[1175,1319,1917,1943]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">Acrocentron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="A6B7762AFFDDCD72D80FF8FEFA87F87D" box="[1356,1407,1918,1944]" name="Iran" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">Iran</collectingCountry>
. It is similar to
<taxonomicName id="19A04D39FFDDCD72DC6AF824FDE1F85B" authorityName="Schultz Bipontinus ex Boissier" authorityYear="1875" box="[297,537,1956,1982]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longipedunculata">
<emphasis id="ECD4EAA8FFDDCD72DC6AF824FDE1F85B" box="[297,537,1956,1982]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">C. longipedunculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which is endemic to
<collectingCountry id="A6B7762AFFDDCD72DE58F824FCB5F85B" box="[795,845,1956,1982]" name="Iraq" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">Iraq</collectingCountry>
, in plant indumentum, color of flowers and length of pappus (
<figureCitation id="469B2A3FFFDDCD72DC59F84BFE92F800" box="[282,362,1995,2021]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,245,1961,1982]" captionTargetBox="[258,1333,214,1924]" captionTargetId="figure-45@6.[253,1333,197,1936]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Centaurea longipedunculata Schultz Bipontinus ex Boissier (A: Kotschy 374, P; B: Rechinger 11663, B). A. habit. B. capitulum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5100465" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5100465/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="469B2A3FFFDDCD72DCE0F84BFE4BF800" box="[419,435,1995,2021]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,244,1952,1973]" captionTargetBox="[258,1329,205,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-41@7.[258,1329,191,1930]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Centaurea longipedunculata Schultz Bipontinus ex Boissier (Kotschy 374, P). Basal leaves." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5100467" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5100467/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">5</figureCitation>
), but differs in some important characters (see
<tableCitation id="93220301FFDDCD72DE98F84BFBC9F800" box="[987,1073,1995,2021]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,231,155,176]" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphological comparison of Centaurea sanandajensis and C. longipedunculata." pageId="4" pageNumber="54">Table 1</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="8ADF6632FFDCCD73DDD4FF1BFBECFF54" box="[151,1044,152,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" startId="5.[151,231,155,176]">
<paragraph id="DE1F36BAFFDCCD73DDD4FF1BFBECFF54" blockId="5.[151,1044,152,177]" box="[151,1044,152,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="ECD4EAA8FFDCCD73DDD4FF1BFF00FF55" bold="true" box="[151,248,155,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">TABLE 1</emphasis>
. Morphological comparison of
<taxonomicName id="19A04D39FFDCCD73DF6BFF1BFCE3FF55" authorityName="Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh" authorityYear="2013" box="[552,795,155,176]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sanandajensis">
<emphasis id="ECD4EAA8FFDCCD73DF6BFF1BFCE3FF55" box="[552,795,155,176]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">Centaurea sanandajensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="19A04D39FFDCCD73DE0AFF1BFBF5FF55" authorityName="Schultz Bipontinus ex Boissier" authorityYear="1875" box="[841,1037,155,176]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longipedunculata">
<emphasis id="ECD4EAA8FFDCCD73DE0AFF1BFBF5FF55" box="[841,1037,155,176]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">C. longipedunculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="DE1F36BAFFDCCD73DCACFF50FBDCFBFD" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
<table id="ACA0C41AFFDC3289DDE6FF50FA7FFBFD" box="[165,1415,208,1048]" gridcols="3" gridrows="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
<tr id="609034F8FFDC3289DDE6FF50FA7FFF03" box="[165,1415,208,230]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="23415D84FFDC3289DCACFF50FC4BFF03" box="[495,947,208,230]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
<taxonomicName id="19A04D39FFDCCD73DCACFF50FD11FF03" authorityName="Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh" authorityYear="2013" box="[495,745,208,230]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sanandajensis">
<emphasis id="ECD4EAA8FFDCCD73DCACFF50FD11FF03" bold="true" box="[495,745,208,230]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">Centaurea sanandajensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="23415D84FFDC3289DEA7FF50FA7FFF03" box="[996,1415,208,230]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
<taxonomicName id="19A04D39FFDCCD73DEA6FF50FB07FF03" authorityName="Schultz Bipontinus ex Boissier" authorityYear="1875" box="[997,1279,208,230]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longipedunculata">
<emphasis id="ECD4EAA8FFDCCD73DEA6FF50FB07FF03" bold="true" box="[997,1279,208,230]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">Centaurea longipedunculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="609034F8FFDC3289DDE6FF7AFA7FFEEA" box="[165,1415,250,271]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
<th id="23415D84FFDC3289DDE6FF7AFE4CFEEA" box="[165,436,250,271]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="ECD4EAA8FFDCCD73DDE6FF7AFEAEFEEA" bold="true" box="[165,342,250,271]" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">Plant height (cm)</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="23415D84FFDC3289DCACFF7AFC4BFEEA" box="[495,947,250,271]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">ca. 70</td>
<td id="23415D84FFDC3289DEA7FF7AFA7FFEEA" box="[996,1415,250,271]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">ca. 80–90</td>
</tr>
<tr id="609034F8FFDC3289DDE6FEA3FA7FFEBD" box="[165,1415,291,344]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
<th id="23415D84FFDC3289DDE6FEA3FE4CFEBD" box="[165,436,291,344]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="ECD4EAA8FFDCCD73DDE6FEA3FE68FEDD" bold="true" box="[165,400,291,312]" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">Basal leaves, dissection</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="23415D84FFDC3289DCACFEA3FC4BFEBD" box="[495,947,291,344]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">lyrate, segments in 2–3 pairs</td>
<td id="23415D84FFDC3289DEA7FEA3FA7FFEBD" box="[996,1415,291,344]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">lyrate or pinnatisect, segments in (3–)4–7(– 8) pairs</td>
</tr>
<tr id="609034F8FFDC3289DDE6FEECFA7FFE64" box="[165,1415,364,385]" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
<th id="23415D84FFDC3289DDE6FEECFE4CFE64" box="[165,436,364,385]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="ECD4EAA8FFDCCD73DDE6FEECFE59FE64" bold="true" box="[165,417,364,385]" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">Basal leaves, length (cm)</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="23415D84FFDC3289DCACFEECFC4BFE64" box="[495,947,364,385]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">28–30</td>
<td id="23415D84FFDC3289DEA7FEECFA7FFE64" box="[996,1415,364,385]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">40–50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="609034F8FFDC3289DDE6FE15FA7FFE2F" box="[165,1415,405,458]" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
<th id="23415D84FFDC3289DDE6FE15FE4CFE2F" box="[165,436,405,458]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="ECD4EAA8FFDCCD73DDE6FE15FEA6FE2F" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">Terminal segment of basal leaves, width (cm)</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="23415D84FFDC3289DCACFE15FC4BFE2F" box="[495,947,405,458]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">4–5</td>
<td id="23415D84FFDC3289DEA7FE15FA7FFE2F" box="[996,1415,405,458]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">ca. 8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="609034F8FFDC3289DDE6FE5EFA7FFDF6" box="[165,1415,478,531]" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
<th id="23415D84FFDC3289DDE6FE5EFE4CFDF6" box="[165,436,478,531]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="ECD4EAA8FFDCCD73DDE6FE5EFEC0FDF6" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">Lateral segment of basal leaves, margin</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="23415D84FFDC3289DCACFE5EFC4BFDF6" box="[495,947,478,531]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">entire</td>
<td id="23415D84FFDC3289DEA7FE5EFA7FFDF6" box="[996,1415,478,531]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">minutely repand-denticulate</td>
</tr>
<tr id="609034F8FFDC3289DDE6FDA7FA7FFDB9" box="[165,1415,551,604]" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
<th id="23415D84FFDC3289DDE6FDA7FE4CFDB9" box="[165,436,551,604]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="ECD4EAA8FFDCCD73DDE6FDA7FE9FFDB9" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">Lateral segment of basal leaves, width (mm)</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="23415D84FFDC3289DCACFDA7FC4BFDB9" box="[495,947,551,604]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">8–10</td>
<td id="23415D84FFDC3289DEA7FDA7FA7FFDB9" box="[996,1415,551,604]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">(10–)15–33</td>
</tr>
<tr id="609034F8FFDC3289DDE6FDF1FA7FFD63" box="[165,1415,625,646]" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
<th id="23415D84FFDC3289DDE6FDF1FE4CFD63" box="[165,436,625,646]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="ECD4EAA8FFDCCD73DDE6FDF1FEA0FD63" bold="true" box="[165,344,625,646]" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">Involucres, shape</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="23415D84FFDC3289DCACFDF1FC4BFD63" box="[495,947,625,646]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">ovoid</td>
<td id="23415D84FFDC3289DEA7FDF1FA7FFD63" box="[996,1415,625,646]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">oblong</td>
</tr>
<tr id="609034F8FFDC3289DDE6FD1AFA7FFD4A" box="[165,1415,666,687]" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
<th id="23415D84FFDC3289DDE6FD1AFE4CFD4A" box="[165,436,666,687]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="ECD4EAA8FFDCCD73DDE6FD1AFE63FD4A" bold="true" box="[165,411,666,687]" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">Involucres, length (mm)</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="23415D84FFDC3289DCACFD1AFC4BFD4A" box="[495,947,666,687]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">15–16</td>
<td id="23415D84FFDC3289DEA7FD1AFA7FFD4A" box="[996,1415,666,687]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">22–25</td>
</tr>
<tr id="609034F8FFDC3289DDE6FD43FA7FFD3D" box="[165,1415,707,728]" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
<th id="23415D84FFDC3289DDE6FD43FE4CFD3D" box="[165,436,707,728]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="ECD4EAA8FFDCCD73DDE6FD43FEDAFD3D" bold="true" box="[165,290,707,728]" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">Appendages</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="23415D84FFDC3289DCACFD43FC4BFD3D" box="[495,947,707,728]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">very small, concealing minor part of phyllaries</td>
<td id="23415D84FFDC3289DEA7FD43FA7FFD3D" box="[996,1415,707,728]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">large, concealing major part of phyllaries</td>
</tr>
<tr id="609034F8FFDC3289DDE6FD6CFA7FFCE4" box="[165,1415,748,769]" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
<th id="23415D84FFDC3289DDE6FD6CFE4CFCE4" box="[165,436,748,769]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="ECD4EAA8FFDCCD73DDE6FD6CFE91FCE4" bold="true" box="[165,361,748,769]" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">Appendages, shape</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="23415D84FFDC3289DCACFD6CFC4BFCE4" box="[495,947,748,769]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">semilunar or narrowly triangular, not decurrent</td>
<td id="23415D84FFDC3289DEA7FD6CFA7FFCE4" box="[996,1415,748,769]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">triangular, decurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr id="609034F8FFDC3289DDE6FC95FA7FFCAF" box="[165,1415,789,842]" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
<th id="23415D84FFDC3289DDE6FC95FE4CFCAF" box="[165,436,789,842]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="ECD4EAA8FFDCCD73DDE6FC95FE74FCAF" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">Appendages at base (cilia excluded), width (mm)</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="23415D84FFDC3289DCACFC95FC4BFCAF" box="[495,947,789,842]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">2–3(–3.5)</td>
<td id="23415D84FFDC3289DEA7FC95FA7FFCAF" box="[996,1415,789,842]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">3–5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="609034F8FFDC3289DDE6FCDEFA7FFC96" box="[165,1415,862,883]" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
<th id="23415D84FFDC3289DDE6FCDEFE4CFC96" box="[165,436,862,883]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="ECD4EAA8FFDCCD73DDE6FCDEFF26FC96" bold="true" box="[165,222,862,883]" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">Spine</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="23415D84FFDC3289DCACFCDEFC4BFC96" box="[495,947,862,883]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">none</td>
<td id="23415D84FFDC3289DEA7FCDEFA7FFC96" box="[996,1415,862,883]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">5–8 mm long</td>
</tr>
<tr id="609034F8FFDC3289DDE6FC08FA7FFC78" box="[165,1415,904,925]" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
<th id="23415D84FFDC3289DDE6FC08FE4CFC78" box="[165,436,904,925]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="ECD4EAA8FFDCCD73DDE6FC08FE99FC78" bold="true" box="[165,353,904,925]" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">Cilia, length (mm)</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="23415D84FFDC3289DCACFC08FC4BFC78" box="[495,947,904,925]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">0.3–2</td>
<td id="23415D84FFDC3289DEA7FC08FA7FFC78" box="[996,1415,904,925]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">3–6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="609034F8FFDC3289DDE6FC31FA7FFC23" box="[165,1415,945,966]" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
<th id="23415D84FFDC3289DDE6FC31FE4CFC23" box="[165,436,945,966]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="ECD4EAA8FFDCCD73DDE6FC31FEE6FC23" bold="true" box="[165,286,945,966]" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">Cilia, shape</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="23415D84FFDC3289DCACFC31FC4BFC23" box="[495,947,945,966]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">erect or subundulate</td>
<td id="23415D84FFDC3289DEA7FC31FA7FFC23" box="[996,1415,945,966]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">often undulate</td>
</tr>
<tr id="609034F8FFDC3289DDE6FC5AFA7FFC0A" box="[165,1415,986,1007]" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
<th id="23415D84FFDC3289DDE6FC5AFE4CFC0A" box="[165,436,986,1007]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="ECD4EAA8FFDCCD73DDE6FC5AFE79FC0A" bold="true" box="[165,385,986,1007]" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">Flowers, length (mm)</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="23415D84FFDC3289DCACFC5AFC4BFC0A" box="[495,947,986,1007]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">21–22</td>
<td id="23415D84FFDC3289DEA7FC5AFA7FFC0A" box="[996,1415,986,1007]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">± 30</td>
</tr>
<tr id="609034F8FFDC3289DDE6FB83FA7FFBFD" box="[165,1415,1027,1048]" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
<th id="23415D84FFDC3289DDE6FB83FE4CFBFD" box="[165,436,1027,1048]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="ECD4EAA8FFDCCD73DDE6FB83FE7CFBFD" bold="true" box="[165,388,1027,1048]" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">Achenes, length (mm)</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="23415D84FFDC3289DCACFB83FC4BFBFD" box="[495,947,1027,1048]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">ca. 4.2</td>
<td id="23415D84FFDC3289DEA7FB83FA7FFBFD" box="[996,1415,1027,1048]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">ca. 5.5</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DE1F36BAFFDCCD73DD85FBE1FCF7FA55" blockId="5.[151,1436,1120,1456]" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
In addition,
<taxonomicName id="19A04D39FFDCCD73DC18FBE0FDDEFB9F" authorityName="Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh" authorityYear="2013" box="[347,550,1120,1146]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sanandajensis">
<emphasis id="ECD4EAA8FFDCCD73DC18FBE0FDDEFB9F" box="[347,550,1120,1146]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">C. sanandajensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to
<taxonomicName id="19A04D39FFDCCD73DF8FFBE0FBB1FB9E" authority="Boissier (1845: 132)" authorityName="Boissier" authorityPageNumber="132" authorityYear="1845" box="[716,1097,1120,1147]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="persica">
<emphasis id="ECD4EAA8FFDCCD73DF8FFBE0FCBFFB9F" box="[716,839,1120,1146]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">C. persica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="BA314B4BFFDCCD73DE11FBE1FBB1FB9E" author="Boissier, E." box="[850,1097,1121,1147]" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" refId="ref3891" refString="Boissier, E. (1845) Diagnosis Plantarum Orientalium Novarum (ser. 1) 6. Lipsiae [Leipzig], 126 pp." type="book" year="1845">Boissier (1845: 132)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
in color of appendages and flowers. The latter species is native to SE, C and W
<collectingCountry id="A6B7762AFFDCCD73DFB0FB07FCDDFB44" box="[755,805,1159,1185]" name="Iran" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">Iran</collectingCountry>
, with some populations occuring in E
<collectingCountry id="A6B7762AFFDCCD73D9A0FB07FACFFB44" box="[1251,1335,1159,1185]" name="Turkey" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">Turkey</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="469B2A3FFFDCCD73D805FB07FA74FB44" box="[1350,1420,1159,1185]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,245,1675,1696]" captionTargetBox="[227,1365,999,1664]" captionTargetId="figure-482@4.[224,1381,965,1691]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Distribution of Centaurea sanandajensis (1), C. elegantissima (2), C. urvillei subsp. deinacantha (3), C. ochrocephala (4), and C. persica (6) in west Asia based on herbarium specimens in BASU, E, G, JE, LD, P, PR, VAN, W and WU." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5100463" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5100463/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). However,
<taxonomicName id="19A04D39FFDCCD73DC56FB2DFE1EFB22" authorityName="Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh" authorityYear="2013" box="[277,486,1197,1223]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sanandajensis">
<emphasis id="ECD4EAA8FFDCCD73DC56FB2DFE1EFB22" box="[277,486,1197,1223]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">C. sanandajensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from it by its stem glabrous (vs. long-hirsute in lower part, otherwise glabrous or scabrous), leaves glabrous (vs. sparsely long-pilose-articulate below, glabrous or sparsely hirsute above), terminal segments of leaves lanceolate to broadly lanceolate (vs. rhombic or lanceolate), involucres ovoid, rounded at base, 15–16 ×
<quantity id="19589B5FFFDCCD73DF58FAA2FD62FAD9" box="[539,666,1314,1340]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="15.5" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="14.0">14–17 mm</quantity>
(vs. oblong or subglobose, truncate at base, 20–25(–27) ×
<quantity id="19589B5FFFDCCD73D811FAA2FF31FA86" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="19.5" valueMax="23.0" valueMin="16.0">16–23 mm</quantity>
), appendages spineless and not decurrent, 2–3(–3.5) mm wide at base (cilia excluded) (vs. included spine 10–20(–27) mm long, decurrent,
<quantity id="19589B5FFFDCCD73DF5FFAEFFD86FA6C" box="[540,638,1391,1417]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">4–5 mm</quantity>
wide at base (cilia excluded), cilia
<quantity id="19589B5FFFDCCD73D95DFAEFFB6CFA6C" box="[1054,1172,1391,1417]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="1.15" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="0.3">0.3–2 mm</quantity>
(vs. (3–)4–5(–6) mm) long, and also achenes ca.
<quantity id="19589B5FFFDCCD73DC8DFA16FDD0FA55" box="[462,552,1430,1456]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="4.2">4.2 mm</quantity>
(vs.
<quantity id="19589B5FFFDCCD73DF21FA16FD3CFA55" box="[610,708,1430,1456]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="6.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="5.0">5–7 mm</quantity>
) long.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DE1F36BAFFDCCD73DDD4FA65FA99FA19" blockId="5.[151,1437,1509,2017]" box="[151,1377,1509,1532]" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
Key to the species of
<taxonomicName id="19A04D39FFDCCD73DC3EFA65FD56FA19" box="[381,686,1509,1532]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Acrocentron">
<emphasis id="ECD4EAA8FFDCCD73DC3EFA65FE14FA19" box="[381,492,1509,1532]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">Centaurea</emphasis>
sect.
<emphasis id="ECD4EAA8FFDCCD73DF69FA65FD56FA19" box="[554,686,1509,1532]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">Acrocentron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="A6B7762AFFDCCD73DF8CFA65FD02FA19" box="[719,762,1509,1532]" name="Iran" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">Iran</collectingCountry>
with straw-coloured appendages and pink-purple flowers
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="96BA6531FFDCCD73DDD4F98AFA64F804" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" type="key">
<key id="AA31618BFFDCCD73DDD4F98AFA64F804" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
<keyStep id="65542E1FFFDCCD73DDD4F98AFA63F964" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
<paragraph id="DE1F36BAFFDCCD73DDD4F98AFA64F9A4" blockId="5.[151,1437,1509,2017]" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
<keyLead id="6551958FFFDCCD73DDD4F98AFA64F9A4" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
1 Plants biennial; stem often branched in lower part, floccose-arachnoid-tomentose; pappus (8–)
<quantity id="19589B5FFFDCCD73D9F6F98AFAE3F9C4" box="[1205,1307,1546,1569]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="11.5" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="9.0">9–14 mm</quantity>
long .........
<emphasis id="ECD4EAA8FFDCCD73DD8DF9AAFBA0F9A4" box="[206,1112,1578,1601]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">........................................................................................................................................</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="19A04D39FFDCCD73D918F9AAFA64F9A4" ID-CoL="7JJP2" authorityName="Wagenitz" authorityYear="1980" baseAuthorityName="Boiss. &amp; Hausskn." box="[1115,1436,1578,1601]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="urvillei" subSpecies="deinacantha">
<emphasis id="ECD4EAA8FFDCCD73D918F9AAFB3FF9A4" box="[1115,1223,1578,1601]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">C. urvillei</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="ECD4EAA8FFDCCD73D85BF9AAFA64F9A4" box="[1304,1436,1578,1601]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">deinacantha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DE1F36BAFFDCCD73DDD4F9CAFA63F964" blockId="5.[151,1437,1509,2017]" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
<keyLead id="6551958FFFDCCD73DDD4F9CAFA63F964" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
- Plants perennial; stem little branched in upper part, sometimes dichotomous, not floccose; pappus (5–)
<quantity id="19589B5FFFDCCD73D84FF9CAFA9EF984" box="[1292,1382,1610,1633]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="8.0" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="7.0">7–9 mm</quantity>
long ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="65542E1FFFDCCD73DDD4F90AFA63F8E4" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
<paragraph id="DE1F36BAFFDCCD73DDD4F90AFA64F924" blockId="5.[151,1437,1509,2017]" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
<keyLead id="6551958FFFDCCD73DDD4F90AFA64F924" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
2 Involucres
<quantity id="19589B5FFFDCCD73DC01F90AFE40F944" box="[322,440,1674,1697]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="27.5" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="25.0">25–30 mm</quantity>
wide; appendages usually totally concealing of phyllaries, (5–)
<quantity id="19589B5FFFDCCD73D92DF90AFB32F944" box="[1134,1226,1674,1697]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="6.0">6–7 mm</quantity>
wide at base (cilia excluded); cilia (10–)12–15 on each side
<emphasis id="ECD4EAA8FFDCCD73DF3CF92AFA64F924" box="[639,1436,1706,1729]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
.............................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="19A04D39FFDCCD73D9B3F92AFA64F924" ID-CoL="69GBF" authorityName="Wagenitz" authorityYear="1980" box="[1264,1436,1706,1729]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ochrocephala">C. ochrocephala</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DE1F36BAFFDCCD73DDD4F94AFA63F8E4" blockId="5.[151,1437,1509,2017]" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
<keyLead id="6551958FFFDCCD73DDD4F94AFA63F8E4" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
- Involucres
<quantity id="19589B5FFFDCCD73DC03F94AFE4BF904" box="[320,435,1738,1761]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="18.5" valueMax="23.0" valueMin="14.0">14–23 mm</quantity>
wide; appendages not totally concealing of phyllaries,
<quantity id="19589B5FFFDCCD73D940F94AFBA3F904" box="[1027,1115,1738,1761]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="2.0">2–5 mm</quantity>
wide at base (cilia excluded); cilia 4–8(–10) on each side ........................................................................................................................................... 3
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="65542E1FFFDCCD73DDD4F88AFA63F884" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
<paragraph id="DE1F36BAFFDCCD73DDD4F88AFA63F8A4" blockId="5.[151,1437,1509,2017]" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
<keyLead id="6551958FFFDCCD73DDD4F88AFA63F8A4" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
3 Plant often
<quantity id="19589B5FFFDCCD73DC00F88AFE55F8C4" box="[323,429,1802,1825]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" unit="cm" value="42.5" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="25.0">25–60 cm</quantity>
tall; stem hirsute in lower part; leaves sparsely long-hirsute; involucres truncate at base..........
<emphasis id="ECD4EAA8FFDCCD73DD8DF8AAFA63F8A4" box="[206,1435,1834,1857]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
........................................................................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="19A04D39FFDCCD73D86DF8AAFA63F8A4" ID-CoL="XDBL" authorityName="Boissier" authorityYear="1845" box="[1326,1435,1834,1857]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="persica">C. persica</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DE1F36BAFFDCCD73DDD4F8CAFA63F884" blockId="5.[151,1437,1509,2017]" box="[151,1435,1866,1889]" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
<keyLead id="6551958FFFDCCD73DDD4F8CAFA63F884" box="[151,1435,1866,1889]" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
- Plant ca.
<quantity id="19589B5FFFDCCD73DC68F8CAFE6DF884" box="[299,405,1866,1889]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" unit="cm" value="80.0" valueMax="90.0" valueMin="70.0">70–90 cm</quantity>
tall; stem glabrous; leaves glabrous; involucres rounded at base ................................................. 4
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="65542E1FFFDCCD73DDD4F8EAFA64F804" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
<paragraph id="DE1F36BAFFDCCD73DDD4F8EAFA65F844" blockId="5.[151,1437,1509,2017]" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
<keyLead id="6551958FFFDCCD73DDD4F8EAFA65F844" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
4 Involucres oblong,
<quantity id="19589B5FFFDCCD73DCD6F8EAFDF0F864" box="[405,520,1898,1921]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="23.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="22.0">22–25 mm</quantity>
long; appendages concealing a major part of phyllaries, triangular, decurrent; spine
<quantity id="19589B5FFFDCCD73D8C2F8EAFEFCF844" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="5.0">5– 8 mm</quantity>
long; cilia
<quantity id="19589B5FFFDCCD73DC3EF80AFE2EF844" box="[381,470,1930,1953]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="3.0">3–6 mm</quantity>
long
<emphasis id="ECD4EAA8FFDCCD73DF4DF80AFA65F844" box="[526,1437,1930,1953]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
.......................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="19A04D39FFDCCD73D981F80AFA65F844" ID-CoL="S6WB" authorityName="Schultz Bipontinus ex Boissier" authorityYear="1875" box="[1218,1437,1930,1953]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longipedunculata">C. longipedunculata</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DE1F36BAFFDCCD73DDD4F82AFA64F804" blockId="5.[151,1437,1509,2017]" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
<keyLead id="6551958FFFDCCD73DDD4F82AFA64F804" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
- Involucres ovoid,
<quantity id="19589B5FFFDCCD73DCC8F82AFE06F824" box="[395,510,1962,1985]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="15.5" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="15.0">15–16 mm</quantity>
long; appendages concealing a minor part of phyllaries, sublunar or narrowly triangular, not decurrent; spineless; cilia
<quantity id="19589B5FFFDCCD73DF6EF84AFD62F804" box="[557,666,1994,2017]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="1.15" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="0.3">0.3–2 mm</quantity>
long
<emphasis id="ECD4EAA8FFDCCD73DF95F84AFA64F804" box="[726,1436,1994,2017]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
...............................................................................
<taxonomicName id="19A04D39FFDCCD73D9A9F84AFA64F804" ID-CoL="S7DM" authorityName="Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh" authorityYear="2013" box="[1258,1436,1994,2017]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sanandajensis">C. sanandajensis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</key>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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