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<mods:title id="406BE68DADA81D370A966803F1A5013F">Fossil ants of the genus Gesomyrmex Mayr (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from the Eocene of Europe and remarks on the evolution of arboreal ant communities</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="23CB4CC5D319FFF7FF78FCE84891743F" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="6B6E1F4ED319FFF7FF78FCE84B08741B" blockId="5.[151,568,808,870]" box="[151,568,808,835]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<taxonomicName id="ACD164CDD319FFF7FF78FCE84B08741B" ID-CoL="3FY34" authority="Mayr, 1868" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1868" box="[151,568,808,835]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gesomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hoernesi">
<emphasis id="59A5C35CD319FFF7FF78FCE84B08741B" bold="true" box="[151,568,808,835]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="59A5C35CD319FFF7FF78FCE84895741A" bold="true" box="[151,421,809,835]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Gesomyrmex hoernesi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="0F4062BFD319FFF7FE43FCE94B08741B" author="Mayr" box="[428,568,808,834]" pageId="5" pageNumber="19" refString="Mayr, G. (1868) Die Ameisen des baltischen Bernsteins. Beitrage zur Naturkunde Preussens Koniglischen Pysikalisch- Okonomischen Gesellschaft zu Konigsberg, 1, 1 - 102." type="journal article" year="1868">Mayr, 1868</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B6E1F4ED319FFF7FF78FC8D4891743F" blockId="5.[151,568,808,870]" box="[151,417,844,870]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
(
<figureCitation id="F3EA03CBD319FFF7FF70FC8D49D4743F" box="[159,228,844,870]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,257,1665,1689]" captionTargetBox="[164,1427,197,1646]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[164,1429,197,1647]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Gesomyrmex hoernesi Mayr. (A) gyne PMHU. 7 / 229. (B) major worker SIZK. K- 419. (C) minor worker GMUG. BST. 04207; (D – F) male MKC. F- 010: (D) general view of inclusion, (E) fore wing, (F) genitals. Scale bars = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186263/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
and 
<figureCitation id="F3EA03CBD319FFF7FEF1FC8D4851743F" box="[286,353,844,870]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="14.[151,255,1724,1748]" captionTargetBox="[158,1428,204,1687]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,194,1700]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 6. Photographs of different casts and species of Gesomyrmex. (A) Gesomyrmex hoernesi Mayr – minor worker GMUG. BST. 0 4207. (B) Gesomyrmex hoernesi Mayr – worker PMHU. 13 / 221. (C) Gesomyrmex hoernesi Mayr – male MKC. F- 010. (D) Gesomyrmex hoernesi Mayr – major worker SIZK. K- 419. (E) Gesomyrmex hoernesi Mayr – gyne PMHU. 7 / 229. (F) G. b re v ic e ps sp. nov., gyne, holotype MeI 2305. (G) G. pulcher sp. nov., gyne, holotype MeI 10999. (H) G. curiosus sp. nov., head of gyne, holotype MeI 11953. (I) G. germanicus sp. nov., gyne, holotype PE- 1997 / 29. (J) G. flavescens sp. n., gyne, holotype PE- 2000 / 14. Scale bars = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186267/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
A–E)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="23CB4CC5D319FFF7FF78FC584B8B72F7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="6B6E1F4ED319FFF7FF78FC5848217489" blockId="5.[151,1436,921,1264]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="ACD164CDD319FFF7FF78FC5848CC74E9" authority="Mayr, 1868" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1868" box="[151,508,921,944]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gesomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hornesi">
<emphasis id="59A5C35CD319FFF7FF78FC58484874E9" box="[151,376,921,944]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Gesomyrmex hörnesi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="0F4062BFD319FFF7FE91FC5848CC74E9" author="Mayr" box="[382,508,921,944]" pageId="5" pageNumber="19" refString="Mayr, G. (1868) Die Ameisen des baltischen Bernsteins. Beitrage zur Naturkunde Preussens Koniglischen Pysikalisch- Okonomischen Gesellschaft zu Konigsberg, 1, 1 - 102." type="journal article" year="1868">Mayr, 1868</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, p. 52, tab. II, fig. 38–41 (worker and male); Ern. 
<bibRefCitation id="0F4062BFD319FFF7FBE4FC584DA274E9" author="Andre" box="[1035,1170,921,944]" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" refString="Andre, E. (1895) Notice sur les fourmis fossiles de l'ambre de la Baltique et description de deux especes nouvelles. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France, 20, 80 - 84." type="journal article" year="1895">André, 1895</bibRefCitation>
, p. 82; 
<bibRefCitation id="0F4062BFD319FFF7FB31FC584CA874E9" author="Handlirsch" box="[1246,1432,921,944]" pageId="5" pageNumber="19" refString="Handlirsch, A. (1907) Die fossilen Insekten und die Phylogenie der rezenten Formen. Ein Handbuch fur Palaontologen und Zoologen. Lieferung 6. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 801 - 960." type="journal article" year="1907">Handlirsch, 1907</bibRefCitation>
, p. 859.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B6E1F4ED319FFF7FF78FC184A4674A9" blockId="5.[151,1436,921,1264]" box="[151,886,985,1008]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="ACD164CDD319FFF7FF78FC1848F574A9" authority="Mayr" authorityName="Mayr" box="[151,453,985,1008]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gesomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hornesii">
<emphasis id="59A5C35CD319FFF7FF78FC1848B174A9" box="[151,385,985,1008]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Gesomyrmex hörnesii</emphasis>
Mayr
</taxonomicName>
: Dalla Torre, 1893, p. 176 (misspelling).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B6E1F4ED319FFF7FF78FC384D597369" blockId="5.[151,1436,921,1264]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="ACD164CDD319FFF7FF78FC3848E77349" ID-CoL="3FY34" authority="Mayr" authorityName="Mayr" box="[151,471,1017,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gesomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hoernesi">
<emphasis id="59A5C35CD319FFF7FF78FC3848BB7349" box="[151,395,1017,1040]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Gesomyrmex hoernesi</emphasis>
Mayr
</taxonomicName>
: 
<bibRefCitation id="0F4062BFD319FFF7FE07FC384BBD7349" author="Wheeler" box="[488,653,1017,1040]" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" refString="Wheeler, W. M. (1915) The ants of the Baltic Amber. Schriften der Physikalisch-Okonomischen Gesellschaft zu Konigsberg, 55, 1 - 142." type="journal article" year="1915">Wheeler, 1915</bibRefCitation>
, p. 108–111, fig. 53; 
<bibRefCitation id="0F4062BFD319FFF7FC7EFC384D077349" author="Wheeler" box="[913,1079,1017,1040]" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" refString="Wheeler, W. M. (1929) The identity of the ant genera Gesomyrmex Mayr and Dimorphomyrmex Ernest Andre. Psyche, 36, 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1929">Wheeler, 1929</bibRefCitation>
, p. 11; 
<bibRefCitation id="0F4062BFD319FFF7FB76FC384C787349" author="Burnham" box="[1177,1352,1017,1040]" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" refString="Burnham, L. (1978) Survey of social insects in the fossil records. Psyche, 89, 85 - 133." type="journal article" year="1978">Burnham, 1978</bibRefCitation>
, p.114; 
<bibRefCitation id="0F4062BFD319FFF7FF28FBD848CD7369" author="Ponomarenko" box="[199,509,1049,1072]" pageId="5" pageNumber="19" refString="Ponomarenko, A. G. &amp; Schultz, O. (1988) Typen der Geologisch-Palaontologischen Abteilung: Fossile Insekten // Kataloge der wissenschaftl. Sammlung des Naturhistorischen Museum in Wien. Palaozoologie, 6, 1 - 30." type="journal article" year="1988">Ponomarenko, Schultz, 1988</bibRefCitation>
, p. 26; 
<bibRefCitation id="0F4062BFD319FFF7FDA4FBD84BE97369" author="Bolton" box="[587,729,1049,1072]" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" refString="Bolton, B. (1995) A new general catalogue of the ants of the world. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 504 pp." type="book" year="1995">Bolton, 1995</bibRefCitation>
, p. 207; 
<bibRefCitation id="0F4062BFD319FFF7FCDAFBD84AFF7369" author="Dlussky" box="[821,975,1049,1072]" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" refString="Dlussky, G. M. (1997) Genera of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Baltic amber. Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal, 1997 (6), 50 - 62 [in Russian, English translation: Paleontological Journal, 31 (6): 616 - 627]." type="journal article" year="1997">Dlussky, 1997</bibRefCitation>
, p. 59, fig. 3h.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B6E1F4ED319FFF7FF78FBF84A5A7329" blockId="5.[151,1436,921,1264]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="ACD164CDD319FFF7FF78FBF84B1F7309" authority="Emery, 1905" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1905" box="[151,559,1081,1104]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Dimorphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="theryi">
<emphasis id="59A5C35CD319FFF7FF78FBF848AD7309" box="[151,413,1081,1104]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Dimorphomyrmex theryi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="0F4062BFD319FFF7FE4BFBF84B1F7309" author="Emery" box="[420,559,1081,1104]" pageId="5" pageNumber="19" refString="Emery, C. (1905) Deux fourmis de l'ambre de la Baltique (Hym.). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 1905, 187 - 189." type="journal article" year="1905">Emery, 1905</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, p. 188, fig. 1 (worker); 
<bibRefCitation id="0F4062BFD319FFF7FCDBFBF84ADE7309" author="Handlirsch" box="[820,1006,1081,1104]" pageId="5" pageNumber="19" refString="Handlirsch, A. (1907) Die fossilen Insekten und die Phylogenie der rezenten Formen. Ein Handbuch fur Palaontologen und Zoologen. Lieferung 6. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 801 - 960." type="journal article" year="1907">Handlirsch, 1907</bibRefCitation>
, p. 868; 
<bibRefCitation id="0F4062BFD319FFF7FBA6FBF84DD87309" author="Wheeler" box="[1097,1256,1081,1104]" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" refString="Wheeler, W. M. (1915) The ants of the Baltic Amber. Schriften der Physikalisch-Okonomischen Gesellschaft zu Konigsberg, 55, 1 - 142." type="journal article" year="1915">Wheeler, 1915</bibRefCitation>
, p. 104–106, fig. 50; 
<bibRefCitation id="0F4062BFD319FFF7FF00FB9848A87329" author="Burnham" box="[239,408,1113,1136]" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" refString="Burnham, L. (1978) Survey of social insects in the fossil records. Psyche, 89, 85 - 133." type="journal article" year="1978">Burnham, 1978</bibRefCitation>
, p.113. Synonymy by 
<bibRefCitation id="0F4062BFD319FFF7FD69FB984A157329" author="Wheeler" box="[646,805,1113,1136]" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" refString="Wheeler, W. M. (1929) The identity of the ant genera Gesomyrmex Mayr and Dimorphomyrmex Ernest Andre. Psyche, 36, 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1929">Wheeler, 1929</bibRefCitation>
, p. 11.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B6E1F4ED319FFF7FF78FBB8487473E9" blockId="5.[151,1436,921,1264]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="ACD164CDD319FFF7FF78FBB84B7973C9" authority="Wheeler, 1915" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1915" box="[151,585,1145,1168]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Dimorphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mayri">
<emphasis id="59A5C35CD319FFF7FF78FBB848AF73C9" box="[151,415,1145,1168]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Dimorphomyrmex mayri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="0F4062BFD319FFF7FE47FBB84B7973C9" author="Wheeler" box="[424,585,1145,1168]" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" refString="Wheeler, W. M. (1915) The ants of the Baltic Amber. Schriften der Physikalisch-Okonomischen Gesellschaft zu Konigsberg, 55, 1 - 142." type="journal article" year="1915">Wheeler, 1915</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, p. 106–107, fig. 51 (worker); 
<bibRefCitation id="0F4062BFD319FFF7FC74FBB84D7673C9" author="Burnham" box="[923,1094,1145,1168]" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" refString="Burnham, L. (1978) Survey of social insects in the fossil records. Psyche, 89, 85 - 133." type="journal article" year="1978">Burnham, 1978</bibRefCitation>
, p.113. Synonymy by 
<bibRefCitation id="0F4062BFD319FFF7FAD3FBB849CF73E9" author="Wheeler" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" refString="Wheeler, W. M. (1929) The identity of the ant genera Gesomyrmex Mayr and Dimorphomyrmex Ernest Andre. Psyche, 36, 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1929">Wheeler, 1929</bibRefCitation>
, p. 11.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B6E1F4ED319FFF7FF78FB78487473A9" blockId="5.[151,1436,921,1264]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="ACD164CDD319FFF7FF78FB784B707389" authority="Wheeler, 1915" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1915" box="[151,576,1209,1232]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gesomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annectens">
<emphasis id="59A5C35CD319FFF7FF78FB7848A67389" box="[151,406,1209,1232]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Gesomyrmex annectens</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="0F4062BFD319FFF7FE70FB784B707389" author="Wheeler" box="[415,576,1209,1232]" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" refString="Wheeler, W. M. (1915) The ants of the Baltic Amber. Schriften der Physikalisch-Okonomischen Gesellschaft zu Konigsberg, 55, 1 - 142." type="journal article" year="1915">Wheeler, 1915</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, p. 107–108, fig. 52 (worker); 
<bibRefCitation id="0F4062BFD319FFF7FC77FB784D737389" author="Burnham" box="[920,1091,1209,1232]" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" refString="Burnham, L. (1978) Survey of social insects in the fossil records. Psyche, 89, 85 - 133." type="journal article" year="1978">Burnham, 1978</bibRefCitation>
, p.113. Synonymy by 
<bibRefCitation id="0F4062BFD319FFF7FAD3FB7849CF73A9" author="Wheeler" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" refString="Wheeler, W. M. (1929) The identity of the ant genera Gesomyrmex Mayr and Dimorphomyrmex Ernest Andre. Psyche, 36, 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1929">Wheeler, 1929</bibRefCitation>
, p. 11.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B6E1F4ED319FFF7FF78FADE4B8B72F7" blockId="5.[151,1437,1311,2034]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="59A5C35CD319FFF7FF78FADE49D57260" bold="true" box="[151,229,1311,1337]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<typeStatus id="B46AA1ECD319FFF7FF78FADE49D07260" box="[151,224,1311,1337]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Types</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="0F4062BFD319FFF7FF01FAE148B37263" author="Mayr" box="[238,387,1312,1338]" pageId="5" pageNumber="19" refString="Mayr, G. (1868) Die Ameisen des baltischen Bernsteins. Beitrage zur Naturkunde Preussens Koniglischen Pysikalisch- Okonomischen Gesellschaft zu Konigsberg, 1, 1 - 102." type="journal article" year="1868">Mayr (1868)</bibRefCitation>
described 
<emphasis id="59A5C35CD319FFF7FDEFFAE14BB17260" box="[512,641,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">G. h o e r n e s i</emphasis>
from 
<specimenCount id="7DD7D4C7D319FFF7FD24FAE14A7D7263" box="[715,845,1312,1338]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="worker">18 workers</specimenCount>
and a male. Three workers are preserved in NMW (1984/34/141, 1984/34/142 and 1984/34/143). A 
<typeStatus id="B46AA1ECD319FFF7FCC1FA874A997239" box="[814,937,1350,1376]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
was not designated. The 
<typeStatus id="B46AA1ECD319FFF7FAECFA874C487239" box="[1283,1400,1350,1376]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="ACD164CDD319FFF7FF78FAAC48FD72DF" box="[151,461,1389,1414]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Dimorphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="theryi">
<emphasis id="59A5C35CD319FFF7FF78FAAC48FD72DF" box="[151,461,1389,1414]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Dimorphomyrmex theryi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is present at the collection of BMNH (In.29052). The 
<typeStatus id="B46AA1ECD319FFF7FB64FAAC4DFE72DE" box="[1163,1230,1389,1415]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">types</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="ACD164CDD319FFF7FB15FAAC483C72F4" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gesomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annectens">
<emphasis id="59A5C35CD319FFF7FB15FAAC483C72F4" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Gesomyrmex annectens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="ACD164CDD319FFF7FEAAFA554B6672F4" box="[325,598,1428,1453]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Dimorhomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mayri">
<emphasis id="59A5C35CD319FFF7FEAAFA554B6672F4" box="[325,598,1428,1453]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Dimorhomyrmex mayri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are lost.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="23CB4CC5D319FFF4FF2AFA7B4800762A" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="6B6E1F4ED319FFF4FF2AFA7B4800762A" blockId="5.[151,1437,1311,2034]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1438,151,1995]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="59A5C35CD319FFF7FF2AFA7B4B63728D" bold="true" box="[197,595,1466,1492]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Studied material. Baltic amber</emphasis>
(workers). 
<collectionCode id="0DC0878BD319FFF7FD0DFA7B4A72728D" box="[738,834,1466,1492]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">BMNH</collectionCode>
.In.17787 with label “Samland”; 
<collectionCode id="0DC0878BD319FFF7FB21FA7B4C1C728D" box="[1230,1324,1466,1492]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">BMNH</collectionCode>
.In.29052 with label “Coll. A. Thery, 
<typeStatus id="B46AA1ECD319FFF7FE1CFA204B5072A2" box="[499,608,1505,1531]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="ACD164CDD319FFF7FD62FA204D1472A2" authority="Emery" authorityName="Emery" box="[653,1060,1505,1531]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Dimorphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="theryi">
<emphasis id="59A5C35CD319FFF7FD62FA204AF272A3" box="[653,962,1505,1530]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Dimorphomyrmex theryi</emphasis>
Emery
</taxonomicName>
”; 
<collectionCode id="0DC0878BD319FFF7FBD2FA204DAD72A2" box="[1085,1181,1505,1531]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2qt9-gmq1" name="Universitat Gottingen, Geologisches-Palaatologisches Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">GMUG</collectionCode>
. 
<collectionCode id="0DC0878BD319FFF7FB4FFA204DE872A2" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12648" box="[1184,1240,1505,1531]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12648" name="Belfast Naturalists' Field Club" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">BST</collectionCode>
.03830 (K2614) determined by 
<bibRefCitation id="0F4062BFD319FFF7FEBBF9C94B28717B" author="Wheeler" box="[340,536,1544,1570]" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" refString="Wheeler, W. M. (1929) The identity of the ant genera Gesomyrmex Mayr and Dimorphomyrmex Ernest Andre. Psyche, 36, 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1929">Wheeler (1929)</bibRefCitation>
as 
<emphasis id="59A5C35CD319FFF7FDABF9C94BFF7178" box="[580,719,1544,1569]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">G. h o e r n e s i</emphasis>
; 
<collectionCode id="0DC0878BD319FFF7FD0AF9C94A75717B" box="[741,837,1544,1570]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2qt9-gmq1" name="Universitat Gottingen, Geologisches-Palaatologisches Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">GMUG</collectionCode>
. 
<collectionCode id="0DC0878BD319FFF7FCA7F9C94AB0717B" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12648" box="[840,896,1544,1570]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12648" name="Belfast Naturalists' Field Club" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">BST</collectionCode>
.03840 (K2626); 
<collectionCode id="0DC0878BD319FFF7FBBAF9C94D85717B" box="[1109,1205,1544,1570]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2qt9-gmq1" name="Universitat Gottingen, Geologisches-Palaatologisches Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">GMUG</collectionCode>
. 
<collectionCode id="0DC0878BD319FFF7FB56F9C94DC1717B" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12648" box="[1209,1265,1544,1570]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12648" name="Belfast Naturalists' Field Club" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">BST</collectionCode>
.03977 (α228, K4302); 
<collectionCode id="0DC0878BD319FFF7FEE8F9EF48577111" box="[263,359,1582,1608]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2qt9-gmq1" name="Universitat Gottingen, Geologisches-Palaatologisches Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">GMUG</collectionCode>
. 
<collectionCode id="0DC0878BD319FFF7FE84F9EF48937111" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12648" box="[363,419,1582,1608]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12648" name="Belfast Naturalists' Field Club" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">BST</collectionCode>
.03993 (K4048); 
<collectionCode id="0DC0878BD319FFF7FD98F9EF4BE77111" box="[631,727,1582,1608]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2qt9-gmq1" name="Universitat Gottingen, Geologisches-Palaatologisches Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">GMUG</collectionCode>
. 
<collectionCode id="0DC0878BD319FFF7FD35F9EF4A217111" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12648" box="[730,785,1582,1608]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12648" name="Belfast Naturalists' Field Club" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">BST</collectionCode>
.04076 (K6406); 
<collectionCode id="0DC0878BD319FFF7FC08F9EF4D777111" box="[999,1095,1582,1608]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2qt9-gmq1" name="Universitat Gottingen, Geologisches-Palaatologisches Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">GMUG</collectionCode>
. 
<collectionCode id="0DC0878BD319FFF7FBA4F9EF4DB37111" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12648" box="[1099,1155,1582,1608]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12648" name="Belfast Naturalists' Field Club" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">BST</collectionCode>
.04088 (α181, K4311); 
<collectionCode id="0DC0878BD319FFF7FF78F99449C77136" box="[151,247,1621,1647]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2qt9-gmq1" name="Universitat Gottingen, Geologisches-Palaatologisches Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">GMUG</collectionCode>
. 
<collectionCode id="0DC0878BD319FFF7FEEEF994480B7136" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12648" box="[257,315,1621,1647]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12648" name="Belfast Naturalists' Field Club" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">BST</collectionCode>
.0 4097 (
<date id="1F6F398ED319FFF7FE5CF99448D47136" box="[435,484,1621,1647]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1910-10">x10</date>
); 
<collectionCode id="0DC0878BD319FFF7FDE7F9944B587136" box="[520,616,1621,1647]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2qt9-gmq1" name="Universitat Gottingen, Geologisches-Palaatologisches Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">GMUG</collectionCode>
. 
<collectionCode id="0DC0878BD319FFF7FD9DF9944B9D7136" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12648" box="[626,685,1621,1647]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12648" name="Belfast Naturalists' Field Club" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">BST</collectionCode>
.0 4151 (K4442) determined by Wheeler as 
<taxonomicName id="ACD164CDD319FFF7FAFBF9944CA17137" box="[1300,1425,1621,1646]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Dimorphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="theryi">
<emphasis id="59A5C35CD319FFF7FAFBF9944CA17137" box="[1300,1425,1621,1646]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">D. theryi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<collectionCode id="0DC0878BD319FFF7FF78F9BD49C671CF" box="[151,246,1660,1686]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2qt9-gmq1" name="Universitat Gottingen, Geologisches-Palaatologisches Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">GMUG</collectionCode>
. 
<collectionCode id="0DC0878BD319FFF7FF16F9BD480071CF" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12648" box="[249,304,1660,1686]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12648" name="Belfast Naturalists' Field Club" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">BST</collectionCode>
.04152 (K4252) determined by Wheeler as 
<emphasis id="59A5C35CD319FFF7FCABF9BD4A8B71CC" box="[836,955,1660,1685]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="ACD164CDD319FFF7FCABF9BD4A8671CC" box="[836,950,1660,1685]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Dimorphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="theryi">D. theryi</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
pictured on fig. 
<quantity id="AC29B2ABD319FFF7FB64F9BD4DFA71CF" box="[1163,1226,1660,1686]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="in" value="50.0">50 in</quantity>
<bibRefCitation id="0F4062BFD319FFF7FB3DF9BD4CA771CF" author="Wheeler" box="[1234,1431,1660,1686]" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" refString="Wheeler, W. M. (1915) The ants of the Baltic Amber. Schriften der Physikalisch-Okonomischen Gesellschaft zu Konigsberg, 55, 1 - 142." type="journal article" year="1915">Wheeler (1915)</bibRefCitation>
; 
<collectionCode id="0DC0878BD319FFF7FF78F96349C571E5" box="[151,245,1698,1724]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2qt9-gmq1" name="Universitat Gottingen, Geologisches-Palaatologisches Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">GMUG</collectionCode>
. 
<collectionCode id="0DC0878BD319FFF7FF17F963481E71E5" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12648" box="[248,302,1698,1724]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12648" name="Belfast Naturalists' Field Club" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">BST</collectionCode>
.04157 (K779) determined by Wheeler as 
<taxonomicName id="ACD164CDD319FFF7FCC5F9624AA571E5" box="[810,917,1699,1724]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Dimorphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="theryi">
<emphasis id="59A5C35CD319FFF7FCC5F9624AA571E5" box="[810,917,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">D. theryi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<collectionCode id="0DC0878BD319FFF7FC48F9634D3471E5" box="[935,1028,1698,1724]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2qt9-gmq1" name="Universitat Gottingen, Geologisches-Palaatologisches Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">GMUG</collectionCode>
. 
<collectionCode id="0DC0878BD319FFF7FBE8F9634D0D71E5" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12648" box="[1031,1085,1698,1724]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12648" name="Belfast Naturalists' Field Club" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">BST</collectionCode>
.04200 (α124) determined by Wheeler as 
<taxonomicName id="ACD164CDD319FFF7FECFF908489471BB" box="[288,420,1737,1762]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gesomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hoernesi">
<emphasis id="59A5C35CD319FFF7FECFF908489471BB" box="[288,420,1737,1762]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">G. hoernesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<collectionCode id="0DC0878BD319FFF7FE5CF9084B3E71BA" box="[435,526,1737,1763]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2qt9-gmq1" name="Universitat Gottingen, Geologisches-Palaatologisches Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">GMUG</collectionCode>
. 
<collectionCode id="0DC0878BD319FFF7FDFDF9084B7771BA" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12648" box="[530,583,1737,1763]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12648" name="Belfast Naturalists' Field Club" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">BST</collectionCode>
.04206 (α119) determined by Wheeler as 
<emphasis id="59A5C35CD319FFF7FBC8F9084D9771BB" box="[1063,1191,1737,1762]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">G. h o e r n e s i</emphasis>
; 
<collectionCode id="0DC0878BD319FFF7FB55F9084C2671BA" box="[1210,1302,1737,1763]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2qt9-gmq1" name="Universitat Gottingen, Geologisches-Palaatologisches Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">GMUG</collectionCode>
. 
<collectionCode id="0DC0878BD319FFF7FAF6F9084C7E71BA" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12648" box="[1305,1358,1737,1763]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12648" name="Belfast Naturalists' Field Club" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">BST</collectionCode>
.04207 (K889) determined by Wheeler as 
<taxonomicName id="ACD164CDD319FFF7FDA8F9314BE57050" box="[583,725,1776,1801]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gesomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hoernesi">
<emphasis id="59A5C35CD319FFF7FDA8F9314BE57050" box="[583,725,1776,1801]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">G. hoernesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<collectionCode id="0DC0878BD319FFF7FD09F9314A767053" box="[742,838,1776,1802]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2qt9-gmq1" name="Universitat Gottingen, Geologisches-Palaatologisches Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">GMUG</collectionCode>
. 
<collectionCode id="0DC0878BD319FFF7FCA6F9314AB07053" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12648" box="[841,896,1776,1802]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12648" name="Belfast Naturalists' Field Club" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">BST</collectionCode>
.04208 (α111) determined by Wheeler as 
<taxonomicName id="ACD164CDD319FFF7FA6DF93148327069" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gesomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hoernesi">
<emphasis id="59A5C35CD319FFF7FA6DF93148327069" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">G. hoernesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<collectionCode id="0DC0878BD319FFF7FEFCF8D748437069" box="[275,371,1814,1840]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2qt9-gmq1" name="Universitat Gottingen, Geologisches-Palaatologisches Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">GMUG</collectionCode>
. 
<collectionCode id="0DC0878BD319FFF7FE99F8D7489E7069" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12648" box="[374,430,1814,1840]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12648" name="Belfast Naturalists' Field Club" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">BST</collectionCode>
.04213 (K4466) determined by Wheeler as 
<taxonomicName id="ACD164CDD319FFF7FC29F8D64D637069" box="[966,1107,1815,1840]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gesomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hoernesi">
<emphasis id="59A5C35CD319FFF7FC29F8D64D637069" box="[966,1107,1815,1840]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">G. hoernesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<collectionCode id="0DC0878BD319FFF7FB8AF8D74DF47069" box="[1125,1220,1814,1840]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2qt9-gmq1" name="Universitat Gottingen, Geologisches-Palaatologisches Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">GMUG</collectionCode>
. 
<collectionCode id="0DC0878BD319FFF7FB27F8D74DCF7069" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12648" box="[1224,1279,1814,1840]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12648" name="Belfast Naturalists' Field Club" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">BST</collectionCode>
.04214 (α95) determined by Wheeler as 
<taxonomicName id="ACD164CDD319FFF7FE0FF8FC4B5C700F" box="[480,620,1853,1878]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gesomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hoernesi">
<emphasis id="59A5C35CD319FFF7FE0FF8FC4B5C700F" box="[480,620,1853,1878]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">G. hoernesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<collectionCode id="0DC0878BD319FFF7FD93F8FC4BEB700E" box="[636,731,1853,1879]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2qt9-gmq1" name="Universitat Gottingen, Geologisches-Palaatologisches Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">GMUG</collectionCode>
. 
<collectionCode id="0DC0878BD319FFF7FD31F8FC4A25700E" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12648" box="[734,789,1853,1879]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12648" name="Belfast Naturalists' Field Club" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">BST</collectionCode>
.04438 (K6421) determined by Wheeler as 
<taxonomicName id="ACD164CDD319FFF7FAC9F8FC4CA4700F" box="[1318,1428,1853,1878]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Dimorphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="theryi">
<emphasis id="59A5C35CD319FFF7FAC9F8FC4CA4700F" box="[1318,1428,1853,1878]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">D. theryi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<collectionCode id="0DC0878BD319FFF7FF78F8A549C37027" box="[151,243,1892,1918]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2qt9-gmq1" name="Universitat Gottingen, Geologisches-Palaatologisches Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">GMUG</collectionCode>
. 
<collectionCode id="0DC0878BD319FFF7FF19F8A5481B7027" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12648" box="[246,299,1892,1918]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12648" name="Belfast Naturalists' Field Club" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">BST</collectionCode>
.04456 (α204) determined by Wheeler as 
<taxonomicName id="ACD164CDD319FFF7FCF7F8A54AAF7024" box="[792,927,1892,1917]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gesomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hoernesi">
<emphasis id="59A5C35CD319FFF7FCF7F8A54AAF7024" box="[792,927,1892,1917]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">G. hoernesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<collectionCode id="0DC0878BD319FFF7FC40F8A54D3B7027" box="[943,1035,1892,1918]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2qt9-gmq1" name="Universitat Gottingen, Geologisches-Palaatologisches Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">GMUG</collectionCode>
. 
<collectionCode id="0DC0878BD319FFF7FBE0F8A54D747027" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12648" box="[1039,1092,1892,1918]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12648" name="Belfast Naturalists' Field Club" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">BST</collectionCode>
.04457 (α171) determined by Wheeler as 
<taxonomicName id="ACD164CDD319FFF7FECBF84A489B70FD" box="[292,427,1931,1956]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gesomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hoernesi">
<emphasis id="59A5C35CD319FFF7FECBF84A489B70FD" box="[292,427,1931,1956]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">G. hoernesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<collectionCode id="0DC0878BD319FFF7FE53F84B4B2970FD" box="[444,537,1930,1956]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ynr4-t34e" name="Polish Academy of Science, Museum of the Institute of Zoology" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">MZPW</collectionCode>
.412; 
<collectionCode id="0DC0878BD319FFF7FDB8F84B4B8470FD" box="[599,692,1930,1956]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ynr4-t34e" name="Polish Academy of Science, Museum of the Institute of Zoology" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">MZPW</collectionCode>
.2940; 
<collectionCode id="0DC0878BD319FFF7FCEFF84B4A6D70FD" box="[768,861,1930,1956]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ynr4-t34e" name="Polish Academy of Science, Museum of the Institute of Zoology" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">MZPW</collectionCode>
.5864; 
<collectionCode id="0DC0878BD319FFF7FC46F84B4D3670FD" box="[937,1030,1930,1956]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ynr4-t34e" name="Polish Academy of Science, Museum of the Institute of Zoology" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">MZPW</collectionCode>
.5890; 
<collectionCode id="0DC0878BD319FFF7FBBDF84B4D9F70FD" box="[1106,1199,1930,1956]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ynr4-t34e" name="Polish Academy of Science, Museum of the Institute of Zoology" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">MZPW</collectionCode>
.8126; 
<collectionCode id="0DC0878BD319FFF7FB14F84B4C6970FD" box="[1275,1369,1930,1956]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ynr4-t34e" name="Polish Academy of Science, Museum of the Institute of Zoology" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">MZPW</collectionCode>
.9561; 
<collectionCode id="0DC0878BD319FFF7FF78F87049C77092" box="[151,247,1969,1995]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ynr4-t34e" name="Polish Academy of Science, Museum of the Institute of Zoology" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">MZPW</collectionCode>
.10353; 
<collectionCode id="0DC0878BD319FFF7FEBDF87048827092" box="[338,434,1969,1995]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ynr4-t34e" name="Polish Academy of Science, Museum of the Institute of Zoology" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">MZPW</collectionCode>
.15933; 
<collectionCode id="0DC0878BD319FFF7FDE2F8704B5C7092" box="[525,620,1969,1995]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ynr4-t34e" name="Polish Academy of Science, Museum of the Institute of Zoology" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">MZPW</collectionCode>
.15980; 
<collectionCode id="0DC0878BD319FFF7FD27F8704A177092" box="[712,807,1969,1995]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ynr4-t34e" name="Polish Academy of Science, Museum of the Institute of Zoology" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">MZPW</collectionCode>
.19144; 
<collectionCode id="0DC0878BD319FFF7FC6DF8704AD27092" box="[898,994,1969,1995]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ynr4-t34e" name="Polish Academy of Science, Museum of the Institute of Zoology" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">MZPW</collectionCode>
.19377; 
<collectionCode id="0DC0878BD319FFF7FBD2F8704DAC7092" box="[1085,1180,1969,1995]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ynr4-t34e" name="Polish Academy of Science, Museum of the Institute of Zoology" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">MZPW</collectionCode>
.19959; 
<collectionCode id="0DC0878BD319FFF7FB17F8704C1C7092" box="[1272,1324,1969,1995]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kjjc-ziy5" name="Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">PIN</collectionCode>
.964/484; 
<collectionCode id="0DC0878BD319FFF7FF78F81949FB70AB" box="[151,203,2008,2034]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kjjc-ziy5" name="Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">PIN</collectionCode>
.964/485; 
<collectionCode id="0DC0878BD319FFF7FEADF819484470AB" box="[322,372,2008,2034]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kjjc-ziy5" name="Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">PIN</collectionCode>
964/486; 
<collectionCode id="0DC0878BD319FFF7FE0AF8194B1870AB" box="[485,552,2008,2034]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fnc5-4g50" name="Caenorhabditis Genetics Center" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">CGC</collectionCode>
.1632; 
<collectionCode id="0DC0878BD319FFF7FD98F8194B8870AB" box="[631,696,2008,2034]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fnc5-4g50" name="Caenorhabditis Genetics Center" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">CGC</collectionCode>
.2652; 
<collectionCode id="0DC0878BD319FFF7FCE6F8194A7B70AB" box="[777,843,2008,2034]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fnc5-4g50" name="Caenorhabditis Genetics Center" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">CGC</collectionCode>
.3338. 
<emphasis id="59A5C35CD319FFF7FC75F8164D5F70A8" bold="true" box="[922,1135,2007,2033]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Bitterfeld amber</emphasis>
. 
<collectionCode id="0DC0878BD319FFF7FB6FF8194DEC70AB" box="[1152,1244,2008,2034]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5mfy-b71p" name="Palaontologisches Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">PMHU</collectionCode>
.7/201 (worker); HM.7/229 (Ƥ); 
<collectionCode id="0DC0878BD31AFFF4FEB9FF59488177EB" box="[342,433,152,178]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5mfy-b71p" name="Palaontologisches Museum" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">PMHU</collectionCode>
.10/225 (worker); 
<collectionCode id="0DC0878BD31AFFF4FD67FF594BD577EB" box="[648,741,152,178]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5mfy-b71p" name="Palaontologisches Museum" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">PMHU</collectionCode>
.11/221 (worker); 
<collectionCode id="0DC0878BD31AFFF4FC56FF594D2577EB" box="[953,1045,152,178]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5mfy-b71p" name="Palaontologisches Museum" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">PMHU</collectionCode>
.13/206 (worker); 
<collectionCode id="0DC0878BD31AFFF4FB03FF594C7777EB" box="[1260,1351,152,178]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5mfy-b71p" name="Palaontologisches Museum" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">PMHU</collectionCode>
.13/210 (worker); 
<collectionCode id="0DC0878BD31AFFF4FEFFFF7F485C7781" box="[272,364,190,216]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5mfy-b71p" name="Palaontologisches Museum" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">PMHU</collectionCode>
.13/221 (worker); 
<collectionCode id="0DC0878BD31AFFF4FDADFF7F4BAE7781" box="[578,670,190,216]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5mfy-b71p" name="Palaontologisches Museum" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">PMHU</collectionCode>
.15/205 (worker); 
<collectionCode id="0DC0878BD31AFFF4FC9CFF7F4AE07781" box="[883,976,190,216]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5mfy-b71p" name="Palaontologisches Museum" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">PMHU</collectionCode>
.16/227; MKC.F-010 (3); MKC.F-129 (worker); MKC.F-130 (worker). 
<emphasis id="59A5C35CD31AFFF4FDF7FF244BF177A6" bold="true" box="[536,705,229,255]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Rovno amber</emphasis>
(workers). 
<collectionCode id="0DC0878BD31AFFF4FCA7FF244ABD77A6" box="[840,909,229,255]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/c442-9tdv" name="Schmaulhausen Institute of Zoology" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">SIZK</collectionCode>
.K-419; 
<collectionCode id="0DC0878BD31AFFF4FC05FF244D1F77A6" box="[1002,1071,229,255]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/c442-9tdv" name="Schmaulhausen Institute of Zoology" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">SIZK</collectionCode>
.K-5695. 
<emphasis id="59A5C35CD31AFFF4FB75FF244CAB77A6" bold="true" box="[1178,1435,229,255]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Scandinavian amber</emphasis>
(workers). 
<collectionCode id="0DC0878BD31AFFF4FEF3FECD4848767F" box="[284,376,268,294]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mci8-ehqk" name="Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">ZMUC</collectionCode>
.187 with label “G. Henningsen, 
<date id="1F6F398ED31AFFF4FCEFFECD4ABF767F" box="[768,911,268,294]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1966-01-07">01.07.1966</date>
”; 
<collectionCode id="0DC0878BD31AFFF4FC48FECD4D33767F" box="[935,1027,268,294]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mci8-ehqk" name="Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">ZMUC</collectionCode>
.188 with label “G.V. Henningsen, 
<date id="1F6F398ED31AFFF4FF78FEF348127615" box="[151,290,306,332]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1969-01-02">01.02.1969</date>
”; 
<collectionCode id="0DC0878BD31AFFF4FED8FEF348A17615" box="[311,401,306,332]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mci8-ehqk" name="Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">ZMUC</collectionCode>
.189 with label “G.V. Henningsen, 
<date id="1F6F398ED31AFFF4FCCBFEF34A9E7615" box="[804,942,306,332]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1960-03-05">03.05.1960</date>
”; 
<collectionCode id="0DC0878BD31AFFF4FC2BFEF34D2E7615" box="[964,1054,306,332]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mci8-ehqk" name="Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">ZMUC</collectionCode>
.190 with label “A. K. Andersen, 
<date id="1F6F398ED31AFFF4FF78FE984812762A" box="[151,290,345,371]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1968-03-28">28.03.1968</date>
”.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="23CB4CC5D31AFFFAFF2AFEBE4A7873B4" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="description">
<paragraph id="6B6E1F4ED31AFFF4FF2AFEBE4AA27321" blockId="6.[151,1438,151,1995]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="59A5C35CD31AFFF4FF2AFEBE4B0576C0" bold="true" box="[197,565,383,409]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Description. Minor worker.</emphasis>
BL 
<quantity id="AC29B2ABD31AFFF4FD80FE414BC376C3" box="[623,755,384,410]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="3.75" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="2.5">2.5–5 mm</quantity>
. Body slender. Head longer than broad, subtrapezoid, narrower in the front than in the back, with convex sides, rounded posterior corners and feebly concave posterior border. Eyes very large, convex, reniform; long axes of eyes distinctive convergent anteriorly. Maximum eye diameter 1.8–2.0 times less than head length and 1.05–1.8 times less than head width. Cheeks very short. Ocelli small but distinct. Frontal area and frontal groove obsolete. Clypeus as long as broad or a little longer than broad. Anterior clypeal margin projecting as a long, rather narrowly rounded lobe over the bases of the mandibles. Antenna short, 8-jointed. Scape does not reach the posterior margin of the eye. Funiculus incrassate, but without distinct club. First funicular joint more than twice as long than thick. The following joints longer than thick. Mandibles very long, decussating when closed, with 9 long, acute teeth, some of which are slightly shorter than the others. External margin of mandible concave in middle part. Maxillary palps do not reach the occipital foramen. Mesosoma long, narrower than the head, constricted in the mesopropodeal region. Pronotum gradually convex, longer than broad. Mesonotum rather flat above, the latter compressed laterally, longer than broad, narrower behind than in front and impressed, but without a suture that divides it from the metanotum. In lateral view propodeal dorsum and declivity are subequal and form a rounded obtuse angle; propodeal dorsum feebly convex, propodeal declivity slightly concave. Legs rather slender. Middle and hind tibiae each with one short simple spur. Petiole as long as broad, with low and thick scale, a little more than twice as broad as long, rounded above, with convex anterior and posterior surfaces. Gaster elongate elliptical, with a circlet of coarse anal cilia. Body rather shiny and lightly shagreened. Mandibles, clypeus and frons usually delicately longitudinally striated. Erect hairs absent on all parts of the body except the top of the gaster. Decumbent pubescence absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B6E1F4ED31AFFF4FF2AFB444D2D7092" blockId="6.[151,1438,151,1995]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="59A5C35CD31AFFF4FF2AFB4448DE73C6" bold="true" box="[197,494,1157,1183]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Major worker (soldier).</emphasis>
BL 
<quantity id="AC29B2ABD31AFFF4FDCCFB444BB873C6" box="[547,648,1157,1183]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="5.0">5–8 mm</quantity>
. Head a little longer than broad, subrectangular, a little narrower in the front than in the back, with straight sides, rounded posterior corners and straight or feebly concave posterior border. Eyes large and convex, elongate elliptical or slightly reniform, situated near the middle of the sides, slightly more approximated in the front than in the back. Maximum eye diameter 2–3 times less than head length and 1.8–3.5 times less than head width. Ocelli usually lacking. Frontal carinae short but prominent, extending to the middle of the anterior orbits. Frontal area small and indistinct. Clypeus broader than long, its posterior border extending back medially between the frontal carinae. Anterior clypeal border projecting in the form of a short broad rounded lobe. Antenna short 8-jointed. Scape not reaching to the posterior orbits. Funiculus incrassated but without distinct clave; joints 1 and 2 of the funiculi subequal, about twice as long as thick, joints 3 and 4 about 1.5 times as long as thick, 5 and 6 scarcely longer than thick, the terminal joint a little longer than thick. Mandibles stout, not decussating when closed, with convex external margin and 8 to 9-toothed masticatory margin. The teeth are stout; the apical tooth is longest; shorter teeth are alternating with the longer ones towards the base. Maxillary palps short, do not reach the occipital foramen. Mesosoma long, narrower than the head, constricted in the mesopropodeal region. Pronotum gradually convex, about as long as broad. Mesonotum longer than broad and broader in front than behind; laterally its surface is straight and gradually sloping backward, its sides compressed. Metanotum distinct, short and transverse, divided from mesonotum and propodeum by sutures or impressions. In lateral view propodeal dorsum and declivity are subequal and form a rounded obtuse angle; propodeal dorsum feebly convex, propodeal declivity slightly concave. Legs long and rather stout, middle and hind tibiae with short simple spurs. Petiole short, with a low and thick scale. Gaster elongate oval. Body rather shiny and lightly shagreened. Mandibles, clypeus and frons sharply and densely longitudinally striated. Erect hairs absent on all parts of the body except the top of the gaster. Decumbent pubescence absent.
</paragraph>
<caption id="3FAE4FC6D31BFFF5FF78F94049F87184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186263/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" targetBox="[164,1427,197,1646]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="6B6E1F4ED31BFFF5FF78F94049F87184" blockId="7.[151,1437,1665,1757]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="59A5C35CD31BFFF5FF78F940482E71C0" bold="true" box="[151,286,1665,1689]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="ACD164CDD31BFFF5FECAF9404B5371C1" authority="Mayr." authorityName="Mayr." box="[293,611,1665,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gesomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hoernesi">
<emphasis id="59A5C35CD31BFFF5FECAF9404B2A71C1" box="[293,538,1665,1688]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Gesomyrmex hoernesi</emphasis>
Mayr.
</taxonomicName>
(A) gyne PMHU.7/229. (B) major worker SIZK.K-419. (C) minor worker GMUG.BST. 04207; (D–F) male MKC.F-010: (D) general view of inclusion, (E) fore wing, (F) genitals. Scale bars = 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="6B6E1F4ED31BFFFAFF2AF8CA48FB77A6" blockId="7.[151,1437,1803,2023]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1438,152,2034]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="59A5C35CD31BFFF5FF2AF8CA483A707C" bold="true" box="[197,266,1803,1829]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Gyne</emphasis>
(first description). BL 
<quantity id="AC29B2ABD31BFFF5FDC2F8CA4BAF707C" box="[557,671,1803,1829]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="10.5">10.5 mm</quantity>
. Head subrectangular, about 1.3 times longer than wide, with rounded posterolateral corners and feebly concave posterior margin. Eyes comparatively smaller than in workers: maximum eye diameter less than 4 times head length. Ocelli large, distance between central and lateral ocelli equals roughly their diameters. Anterior clypeal margin and dentition of mandibles not visible. Antenna 10-jointed. Scape does not reach the posterior margin. Funiculus incrassate, but without distinct club. First funicular joint longer than 2 and 3 together and 2.5 times longer than thick. Following joints except terminal about as long as thick. Scutum and scutellum wider than long. Gaster, petiole and propodeum covered by white film and not visible. Head and mesosoma with numerous short erect hairs. Legs without erect and semi-erect hairs.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B6E1F4ED314FFFAFF2AFECA48967502" blockId="8.[151,1438,152,2034]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="59A5C35CD314FFFAFF2AFECA483B767C" bold="true" box="[197,267,267,293]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Male.</emphasis>
BL 
<quantity id="AC29B2ABD314FFFAFEAEFECD4896767F" box="[321,422,268,294]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="7.0">7–8 mm</quantity>
. Head with enormous large convex eyes, which occupy most of the head. Ocelli large and convex. Frontal carinae and lobes absent. Frontal furrow distinct. Anterior clypeal margin projecting as a rounded lobe. Antenna geniculate, small. 
<bibRefCitation id="0F4062BFD314FFFAFD90FE984A25762A" author="Mayr" box="[639,789,345,371]" pageId="8" pageNumber="19" refString="Mayr, G. (1868) Die Ameisen des baltischen Bernsteins. Beitrage zur Naturkunde Preussens Koniglischen Pysikalisch- Okonomischen Gesellschaft zu Konigsberg, 1, 1 - 102." type="journal article" year="1868">Mayr (1868)</bibRefCitation>
wrote that it is 11-jointed but the studied specimen has only one antenna with 8 joints; perhaps the terminal joints were lost. Mandibles short, not opposable, with an acute apical tooth and without teeth on the masticatory margin. Maxillary palps long, reach the occipital foramen. Pronotum transverse. Scutum with flat dorsal surface strongly rounded anteriorly. Scutellum convex. Propodeal dorsum and declivity form rounded obtuse angle in lateral view; propodeal dorsum much shorter than declivity. Legs rather long and thin. Petiole with rounded scale, higher than long. Gaster cylindrical. Genitalia not retractile.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B6E1F4ED314FFFAFF2AFDA94D9D75F1" blockId="8.[151,1438,152,2034]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Body shiny with very delicate shagreened sculpture. Short erect hairs present on mandibles, clypeus, near ocelli, on the last sternites of the gaster, and genital parts. Decumbent pubescence absent.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B6E1F4ED314FFFAFF2AFD7448F975AF" blockId="8.[151,1438,152,2034]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Forewing with closed cells 1+2r, 3r and mcu. Cell mcu rhomboidal. Veins RS and M partly united and form short section RS+M.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B6E1F4ED314FFFAFF2AFCC34A7873B4" blockId="8.[151,1438,152,2034]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="59A5C35CD314FFFAFF2AFCC34B897445" bold="true" box="[197,697,770,796]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Measurements (in mm). Minor workers</emphasis>
. CGC.1632: BL 5.0, AL 1.7, HL 1.2, MdL 0.64, ED 0.61, SL 0.58; CGC.3338: BL 2.3, AL 0.73, HL 0.60, MdL 0.32, ED 0.31, SL 0.30; GMUG.BST.03840: BL 4.7, AL 1.5, HL 1.0, ED 0.52, PtL 0.35. PtH 0.41; GMUG.BST.04206: BL 4.4, AL 1.5, HL 1.0; GMUG.BST.04207: BL 3.9, AL 1.3, HL 0.95, HW 0.68, MdL 0.50, ED 0.50, SL 0.52; GMUG.BST. 04208: BL 4.1, AL 1.35, HL 1.05, HW 0.75, MdL 0.50, ED 0.58, SL 0.48; GMUG.BST.04213: BL 5.0, AL 1.5; GMUG.BST.04214: BL 4.35, AL 1.4, HL 1.1, ED 0.58; GMUG.BST.04456: BL 4.8, AL 1.55, HL 1.1, HW 0.8, ED 0.58, SL 0.55; PIN.964/484: HL 0.99, HW 0.56, MdL 0.53, ED 0.53, SL 0.51; PIN.964/485: BL 5.5, AL 1.75, HL 1.2, HW 1.1, ED 0.61, SL 0.64, PtL 0.35, PtW 0.45, PtH 0.48; PIN.964/486: BL 5.5, AL 1.75. 
<emphasis id="59A5C35CD314FFFAFB22FBD14CA57373" bold="true" box="[1229,1429,1040,1066]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Major workers</emphasis>
. GMUG.BST.04151: BL 5.7; GMUG.BST.04152: BL 5.8, AL 1.7, HL 1.4, HW 1.3, MdL 0.57, ED 0.47, SL 0.53; GMUG.BST.04157: BL 5.3, AL 1.9; PMHU.13/221: BL 5.3; BMNH.In.29052: BL 5.5, AL 1.75, HL 1.25, HW 1.25, ED 0.53, SL 0.50; SIZK.K-419: AL ~1.8, HL 1.2, HW 1.1, ED 0.62, SL 0.58. 
<emphasis id="59A5C35CD314FFFAFAA1FB444CAD73C6" bold="true" box="[1358,1437,1157,1183]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Gyne.</emphasis>
PMHU.7/229: BL 10.5, AL ~3, HL 2.2, HW ~1.6, ED 0.46, SL 0.92, FWL 6.5. 
<emphasis id="59A5C35CD314FFFAFBAFFB6A4DB7739C" bold="true" box="[1088,1159,1195,1221]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Male.</emphasis>
MKC.F-010: BL about 7, AL 3.0, HL 1.3, MdL 0.36, ED 1.01, SL 0.34, FWL 6.8.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="23CB4CC5D314FFFAFF2AFB394C36724A" box="[197,1286,1272,1299]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="6B6E1F4ED314FFFAFF2AFB394C36724A" blockId="8.[151,1438,152,2034]" box="[197,1286,1272,1299]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="59A5C35CD314FFFAFF2AFB394B33724B" bold="true" box="[197,515,1272,1298]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Distribution and horizon.</emphasis>
Baltic, Bitterfeld, Rovno and Scandinavian ambers. Late Eocene.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="23CB4CC5D314FFFAFF2AFADE4C4870AB" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="6B6E1F4ED314FFFAFF2AFADE4C6871CF" blockId="8.[151,1438,152,2034]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="59A5C35CD314FFFAFF2AFADE48637260" bold="true" box="[197,339,1311,1337]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Comments.</emphasis>
There is a problem with the association of different castes of fossil ant species as findings of males, females and workers of the same species in the same piece of amber are extremely rare. However we are confident that workers, male and female of 
<taxonomicName id="ACD164CDD314FFFAFD29FAAC4A6F72DF" box="[710,863,1389,1414]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gesomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59A5C35CD314FFFAFD29FAAC4A6F72DF" box="[710,863,1389,1414]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Gesomyrmex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
described above belong to the same species. Up to the present 
<specimenCount id="7DD7D4C7D314FFFAFED0FA5548FA72F7" box="[319,458,1428,1454]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="worker">231workers</specimenCount>
of 
<taxonomicName id="ACD164CDD314FFFAFE1DFA554BBB72F4" box="[498,651,1428,1453]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gesomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59A5C35CD314FFFAFE1DFA554BBB72F4" box="[498,651,1428,1453]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Gesomyrmex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Baltic and similar ambers are studied: 18 by 
<bibRefCitation id="0F4062BFD314FFFAFB08FA554CB072F7" author="Mayr" box="[1255,1408,1428,1454]" pageId="8" pageNumber="19" refString="Mayr, G. (1868) Die Ameisen des baltischen Bernsteins. Beitrage zur Naturkunde Preussens Koniglischen Pysikalisch- Okonomischen Gesellschaft zu Konigsberg, 1, 1 - 102." type="journal article" year="1868">Mayr (1868)</bibRefCitation>
, 7 by 
<bibRefCitation id="0F4062BFD314FFFAFF52FA7A4854728C" author="Andre" box="[189,356,1467,1493]" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" refString="Andre, E. (1895) Notice sur les fourmis fossiles de l'ambre de la Baltique et description de deux especes nouvelles. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France, 20, 80 - 84." type="journal article" year="1895">André (1895)</bibRefCitation>
, one by 
<bibRefCitation id="0F4062BFD314FFFAFE23FA7A4B48728C" author="Emery" box="[460,632,1467,1493]" pageId="8" pageNumber="19" refString="Emery, C. (1905) Deux fourmis de l'ambre de la Baltique (Hym.). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 1905, 187 - 189." type="journal article" year="1905">Emery (1905)</bibRefCitation>
, 172 by 
<bibRefCitation id="0F4062BFD314FFFAFD0DFA7A4A91728C" author="Wheeler" box="[738,929,1467,1493]" pageId="8" pageNumber="20" refString="Wheeler, W. M. (1915) The ants of the Baltic Amber. Schriften der Physikalisch-Okonomischen Gesellschaft zu Konigsberg, 55, 1 - 142." type="journal article" year="1915">Wheeler (1915)</bibRefCitation>
and 33 (excluding species determined by Wheeler) by one of us (GMD). All these specimens belong to the same species 
<taxonomicName id="ACD164CDD314FFFAFBD3FA204DF172A3" box="[1084,1217,1505,1530]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gesomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hoernesi">
<emphasis id="59A5C35CD314FFFAFBD3FA204DF172A3" box="[1084,1217,1505,1530]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">G. hoernesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. So there is a high possibility that the two studied males (one by Mayr, and one by us) and above described gyne belong to the same species. The gyne has small eyes relative to those of the workers. This is unusual for ants, but 
<taxonomicName id="ACD164CDD314FFFAFF78F99448057137" box="[151,309,1621,1646]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gesomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59A5C35CD314FFFAFF78F99448057137" box="[151,309,1621,1646]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Gesomyrmex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is evidently an exception to the rule. The only extant species whose workers and gynes are known is 
<taxonomicName id="ACD164CDD314FFFAFEE6F9BD489371CC" box="[265,419,1660,1685]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gesomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luzonensis">
<emphasis id="59A5C35CD314FFFAFEE6F9BD489371CC" box="[265,419,1660,1685]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">G. luzonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="0F4062BFD314FFFAFE5DF9BD4B5271CF" author="Wheeler" box="[434,610,1660,1686]" pageId="8" pageNumber="20" refString="Wheeler, W. M. (1916) Four new and interesting ants from the mountains of Borneo and Luzon. Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club, 6, 9 - 18." type="journal article" year="1916">Wheeler, 1916</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="0F4062BFD314FFFAFD81F9BD4B9D71CF" author="Wheeler" box="[622,685,1660,1686]" pageId="8" pageNumber="20" refString="Wheeler, W. M. (1930) A second note on Gesomyrmex. Psyche, 37, 35 - 40." type="journal article" year="1930">1930</bibRefCitation>
). Its gynes have comparatively smaller eyes than workers.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B6E1F4ED314FFFAFF2AF9624C4870AB" blockId="8.[151,1438,152,2034]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<bibRefCitation id="0F4062BFD314FFFAFF2AF9624B3A71E4" author="Theobald" box="[197,522,1699,1725]" pageId="8" pageNumber="20" refString="Theobald, N. (1937) Les insectes fossiles des terrains oligocenes de France. G. Thomas, Nancy, 473 pp." type="book" year="1937" yearSuffix="p">Théobald (1937, p. 212)</bibRefCitation>
described 
<taxonomicName id="ACD164CDD314FFFAFD73F9624AF271E5" box="[668,962,1699,1724]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gesomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hoernesi">
<emphasis id="59A5C35CD314FFFAFD73F9624AF271E5" box="[668,962,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Gesomyrmex hoernesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Oligocene deposits of 
<collectingCountry id="13C65FDED314FFFAFAABF9624CAE71E4" box="[1348,1438,1699,1725]" name="France" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">France</collectingCountry>
(Kleinkembs, Haut-Rhin). Judged by the description and figures the described insects are really ants but they do not belong to 
<taxonomicName id="ACD164CDD314FFFAFE8AF9314B317050" box="[357,513,1776,1801]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gesomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59A5C35CD314FFFAFE8AF9314B317050" box="[357,513,1776,1801]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Gesomyrmex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The male (
<bibRefCitation id="0F4062BFD314FFFAFD7CF9314D237053" author="Theobald" box="[659,1043,1776,1802]" pageId="8" pageNumber="20" refString="Theobald, N. (1937) Les insectes fossiles des terrains oligocenes de France. G. Thomas, Nancy, 473 pp." type="book" year="1937">Théobald 1937, pl. XIV, fig. 24</bibRefCitation>
) has a low nodiform petiole and filiform (not geniculate) antenna with a very short scape, and evidently belongs to Dolichoderinae. One of two specimens described as gynes (
<bibRefCitation id="0F4062BFD314FFFAFDE1F8FC4ABD700E" author="Theobald" box="[526,909,1853,1879]" pageId="8" pageNumber="20" refString="Theobald, N. (1937) Les insectes fossiles des terrains oligocenes de France. G. Thomas, Nancy, 473 pp." type="book" year="1937">Théobald 1937, pl. XIV, fig. 25</bibRefCitation>
) has a rounded head and triangulate petiole without a scale. The form of the head of the other «gyne» (
<bibRefCitation id="0F4062BFD314FFFAFC9FF8A54DC87027" author="Theobald" box="[880,1272,1892,1918]" pageId="8" pageNumber="20" refString="Theobald, N. (1937) Les insectes fossiles des terrains oligocenes de France. G. Thomas, Nancy, 473 pp." type="book" year="1937">Théobald 1937, pl. XIV, fig. 26</bibRefCitation>
) is similar to 
<taxonomicName id="ACD164CDD314FFFAFF78F84A49CC70FD" box="[151,252,1931,1956]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59A5C35CD314FFFAFF78F84A49CC70FD" box="[151,252,1931,1956]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Formica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or 
<taxonomicName id="ACD164CDD314FFFAFECBF84A488870FD" box="[292,440,1931,1956]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camponotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59A5C35CD314FFFAFECBF84A488870FD" box="[292,440,1931,1956]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Camponotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but not to 
<taxonomicName id="ACD164CDD314FFFAFDAEF84A4BEA70FD" box="[577,730,1931,1956]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gesomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59A5C35CD314FFFAFDAEF84A4BEA70FD" box="[577,730,1931,1956]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Gesomyrmex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This specimen also has a small and narrow petiole without a scale. Specimens described as workers (
<bibRefCitation id="0F4062BFD314FFFAFD6CF8704D027092" author="Theobald" box="[643,1074,1969,1995]" pageId="8" pageNumber="20" refString="Theobald, N. (1937) Les insectes fossiles des terrains oligocenes de France. G. Thomas, Nancy, 473 pp." type="book" year="1937">Théobald 1937, pl. XIV, figs. 27, 28</bibRefCitation>
) judged by the construction of mesosoma really are poorly preserved gynes without wings. They also have no characters of 
<taxonomicName id="ACD164CDD314FFFAFB37F8194C4170A8" box="[1240,1393,2008,2033]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gesomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59A5C35CD314FFFAFB37F8194C4170A8" box="[1240,1393,2008,2033]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Gesomyrmex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>