<documentID-CLB-Dataset="24360"ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.55.9112"ID-GBIF-Dataset="5af1c867-2edb-4794-a019-1d18c64b3b6a"ID-PMC="PMC4547027"ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-55-93"ID-Pensoft-UUID="FF8CFFFABA30FFAD5504FFF6FF9DFFC7"ID-PubMed="26312045"ID-Zenodo-Dep="576321"ModsDocAuthor=""ModsDocDate="2015"ModsDocID="1314-2003-55-93"ModsDocOrigin="PhytoKeys 55"ModsDocTitle="Cornus×elwinortonii and Cornus×rutgersensis (Cornaceae), new names for two artificially produced hybrids of big-bracted dogwoods"checkinTime="1451251374184"checkinUser="pensoft"docAuthor="Mattera, Robert, Molnar, Thomas & Struwe, Lena"docDate="2015"docId="0AAB55A706EA82981590E6A787F0AD70"docLanguage="en"docName="PhytoKeys 55: 93-111"docOrigin="PhytoKeys 55"docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.55.9112"docTitle="Cornus elwinortonii Mattera, T. Molnar, & Struwe 2015, hybr. nov."docType="treatment"docVersion="7"id="FF8CFFFABA30FFAD5504FFF6FF9DFFC7"lastPageNumber="97"masterDocId="FF8CFFFABA30FFAD5504FFF6FF9DFFC7"masterDocTitle="Cornus x elwinortonii and Cornus x rutgersensis (Cornaceae), new names for two artificially produced hybrids of big-bracted dogwoods"masterLastPageNumber="111"masterPageNumber="93"pageNumber="96"updateTime="1732849641957"updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:titleid="9F45B9B77B2C1BFF8FE79D34835C5AAB">Cornus x elwinortonii and Cornus x rutgersensis (Cornaceae), new names for two artificially produced hybrids of big-bracted dogwoods</mods:title>
<taxonomicNameid="8FD0CA5BCCFF0B3BEAC9B74E4E8D9F0A"ID-CoL="8WSW7"LSID="9297A2ED-9683-538C-A109-77988D259940"authority="Mattera, T. Molnar, & Struwe"authorityName="Mattera, T. Molnar, & Struwe"authorityYear="2015"class="Magnoliopsida"family="Cornaceae"genus="Cornus"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"hybrid-sign="x"kingdom="Plantae"lsidName="Cornus elwinortonii"order="Cornales"pageId="3"pageNumber="96"phylum="Tracheophyta"rank="species"species="elwinortonii"status="hybr. nov.">
<figureCitationid="76446DF20D6EE5BD78E7814AD46A187F"captionStart="Figure 1"captionStartId="F1"captionText="Figure 1. Illustration of Cornus x elwinortonii ' KN 4 - 43 ', PP 16293, Starlight ®. A Branch, showing expanding leaf and floral bract tissues in the spring B Close up of inflorescent bud prior to complete bract and leaf expansion C Node, showing fully expanded leaves and partially expanded floral bracts. D Branch, showing inflorescence with flowers in full bloom; floral bracts fully expanded E Close up of flower at dehiscence, note synsepalous calyx and apopetalous corolla F Dissected flower, showing single gynoecium G Close up of petal and stamens, note dehiscence occurs longitudinally H Single inflorescence, showing many tightly compressed parthenocarpic drupes J Single drupe, showing compressed form and protruding style. Drawings by Bobbi Angell from the holotype."pageId="3"pageNumber="96">Figs 1</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="F40E9F9ABFA6A3A14AE46057A8915694"captionStart="Figure 2"captionStartId="F2"captionText="Figure 2. Photos of Cornus x elwinortonii. A Close up of dormant inflorescent bud; note the exposed flower buds and partially developed floral bracts B Flowers and floral bract display after dehiscence; note frost damaged inflorescence on the far right C Habit of mature plant. Photograph by Thomas Molnar."pageId="3"pageNumber="96">, 2</figureCitation>
<taxonomicNameid="169FCBD7877842869E431438F0212EEB"authorityName="Mattera, T. Molnar, & Struwe"authorityYear="2015"class="Magnoliopsida"family="Cornaceae"genus="Cornus"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"hybrid-sign="x"kingdom="Plantae"lsidName="Cornus elwinortonii"order="Cornales"pageId="3"pageNumber="96"phylum="Tracheophyta"rank="species"species="elwinortonii">
<taxonomicNameid="2F764278BE614913B8EBC23228A65D28"authorityName="Mattera, T. Molnar, & Struwe"authorityYear="2015"class="Magnoliopsida"family="Cornaceae"genus="Cornus"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"hybrid-sign="x"kingdom="Plantae"lsidName="Cornus elwinortonii"order="Cornales"pageId="3"pageNumber="96"phylum="Tracheophyta"rank="species"species="elwinortonii">
<taxonomicNameid="AA1E911C1CE3CAE960677957B59A1421"authorityName="Mattera, T. Molnar, & Struwe"authorityYear="2015"class="Magnoliopsida"family="Cornaceae"genus="Cornus"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"hybrid-sign="x"kingdom="Plantae"lsidName="Cornus elwinortonii"order="Cornales"pageId="3"pageNumber="96"phylum="Tracheophyta"rank="species"species="elwinortonii">
Tree with upright or rounded habit,10 m in height at maturity. Bark rough, as sandpaper, with exfoliation at the base of the trunk; lenticels abundant, 1.25-1.75
5.9-9.1 cm; base attenuate to oblique; margin entire to slightly wavy, cuneate/crenate; apex apiculate; venation with 5 (or 6) pairs of secondary veins; midrib and abaxial surfaces with conspicuous indumentum of short, fine, downy, whitish beige trichomes with occasional dark tufts of longer brown trichomes in the axils of midvein and secondary veins, indumentum less dense on adaxial surfaces. Overwintering inflorescence buds not covered by the two outer opposing pairs of vegetative bracts, minimally covered by two inner opposing pairs of floral bracts (0-40% coverage; floral bracts more developed than in
during overwintering). Inflorescence capitate, globose, with 55-80 sessile flowers per head, subtended by 4 (rarely 5 or 6) simple entire, decussate pairs of bracts. Bracts petaloid at anthesis, ovate to lanceolate, sometimes wider than long, overlapping or not when fully developed, 5-8 cm long, 3.5-7.0 cm wide, usually white, or occasionally pink; base tapering to point of attachment; apex acuminate to cuspidate. Peduncle 1.5-8.0 cm long at time of flowering. Flowers actinomorphic, bisexual, 4-merous. Calyx lobes ovate; apex obtuse. Corolla lobes obovate, apex slightly acute. Stamens 4, exserted from corolla mouth, inserted in corolla lobe sinuses; filaments 1.5-2.5 mm long, 0.2-0.5 mm wide; anthers ovoid, bae sagittate, longitudinally dehiscent, 1.0-1.1
ca. 0.25 mm; pollen less prevalent on hybrids compared to parent species, white or yellow-brown. Gynoecium epigynous, with nectar disc; ovary syncarpous; style 1, 1.5-2.5 mm long, exserted from corolla; stigma indistinct, ca. 0.4 mm long. Fruit either many drupes tightly compressed together, or a multiple fruit formed from 1-seeded drupelets forming a mounded raspberry-like fruit, often parthenocarpic.
<taxonomicNameid="A6A1FE2EFC5F51345FB12E49E385EB02"authorityName="Mattera, T. Molnar, & Struwe"authorityYear="2015"class="Magnoliopsida"family="Cornaceae"genus="Cornus"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"hybrid-sign="x"kingdom="Plantae"lsidName="Cornus elwinortonii"order="Cornales"pageId="3"pageNumber="96"phylum="Tracheophyta"rank="species"species="elwinortonii">
<taxonomicNameid="43B00483EA09FD664C95CC28435390C3"authorityName="Mattera, T. Molnar, & Struwe"authorityYear="2015"class="Magnoliopsida"family="Cornaceae"genus="Cornus"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"hybrid-sign="x"kingdom="Plantae"lsidName="Cornus elwinortonii"order="Cornales"pageId="3"pageNumber="96"phylum="Tracheophyta"rank="species"species="elwinortonii">
'Simpson No. 1' (female), an unpatented cultivar received from Tennessee Valley Nursery (Winchester, TN, USA) and planted at Rutgers Gardens (New Brunswick, NJ) on 16 April 1970, and
<taxonomicNameid="6538567F845DC4D5AA9E3EE2F08C23F6"authorityName="Mattera, T. Molnar, & Struwe"authorityYear="2015"class="Magnoliopsida"family="Cornaceae"genus="Cornus"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"hybrid-sign="x"kingdom="Plantae"lsidName="Cornus elwinortonii"order="Cornales"pageId="3"pageNumber="96"phylum="Tracheophyta"rank="species"species="elwinortonii">
flowers during May and June, and the fruit matures from September to October. Various beetles and bees visit the flowers at anthesis, with an abundance of goldenrod soldier beetles (
) frequently observed by the authors. The mostly sterile fruit with little pulp generally senesces and falls from the trees by October. The few fruits with a developing seed are swollen and have more pulp. We suspect they are eaten by insects and birds.
, honors the prominent dogwood breeder Dr. Elwin Orton (b. 1930), Professor Emeritus in the Department of Plant Biology and Pathology at Rutgers University. He was the first to successfully develop and release a hybrid between
<taxonomicNameid="A80A495E073BF30A31AE0A77B0619CBB"authorityName="Mattera, T. Molnar, & Struwe"authorityYear="2015"class="Magnoliopsida"family="Cornaceae"genus="Cornus"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"hybrid-sign="x"kingdom="Plantae"lsidName="Cornus elwinortonii"order="Cornales"pageId="3"pageNumber="96"phylum="Tracheophyta"rank="species"species="elwinortonii">
, is in western North America from the lowlands of British Columbia (Canada) to southern California (USA), with a small isolated population in northern Idaho (USA,
<bibRefCitationid="180CB77194F481092903965F589208F6"author="Klinka, K"journalOrPublisher="Canadian Cartographics Ltd., Vancouver"pageId="14"pageNumber="107"pagination="1 - 180"refId="B24"refString="Klinka, K, Worrall, J, Skoda, L, Varga, P, 2000. The distribution and synopsis of ecological and silvical characteristics of tree species of British Columbia's forests. Canadian Cartographics Ltd., Vancouver: 1 - 180"title="The distribution and synopsis of ecological and silvical characteristics of tree species of British Columbia's forests"year="2000">Klinka et al. 2000</bibRefCitation>
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<taxonomicNameid="8B5B209F78E440B257AD335EA4B9E70A"authorityName="Mattera, T. Molnar, & Struwe"authorityYear="2015"class="Magnoliopsida"family="Cornaceae"genus="Cornus"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"hybrid-sign="x"kingdom="Plantae"lsidName="Cornus elwinortonii"order="Cornales"pageId="3"pageNumber="96"phylum="Tracheophyta"rank="species"species="elwinortonii">
<taxonomicNameid="CE97420E373A745F2C33FA5B3990956D"authorityName="Mattera, T. Molnar, & Struwe"authorityYear="2015"class="Magnoliopsida"family="Cornaceae"genus="Cornus"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"hybrid-sign="x"kingdom="Plantae"lsidName="Cornus elwinortonii"order="Cornales"pageId="3"pageNumber="96"phylum="Tracheophyta"rank="species"species="elwinortonii">
in New Brunswick, NJ, where the hybrid originated, flower buds can be damaged by cold winter temperatures, leading to a reduced floral bract display in the spring (E. Orton personal communication).
<taxonomicNameid="76165135A68A30B8D79E8C4EF9361115"authorityName="Mattera, T. Molnar, & Struwe"authorityYear="2015"class="Magnoliopsida"family="Cornaceae"genus="Cornus"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"hybrid-sign="x"kingdom="Plantae"lsidName="Cornus elwinortonii"order="Cornales"pageId="4"pageNumber="97"phylum="Tracheophyta"rank="species"species="elwinortonii">
<taxonomicNameid="E50824B41B69892D5EFE1DB009BBFE95"authorityName="Mattera, T. Molnar, & Struwe"authorityYear="2015"class="Magnoliopsida"family="Cornaceae"genus="Cornus"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"hybrid-sign="x"kingdom="Plantae"lsidName="Cornus elwinortonii"order="Cornales"pageId="4"pageNumber="97"phylum="Tracheophyta"rank="species"species="elwinortonii">
<tableCitationid="C62C287E561D9C0DD012F3BED01B6323"captionStart="Table 1"captionStartId="T1"captionText="Table 1. Parentage of the eleven interspecific hybrids released from the Rutgers University dogwood breeding program. PP refers to plant patent number. OP indicates open pollination. Brackets ([]) contain pedigree information of an interspecific hybrid parent."httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/33CD51996330E6441BC87B95810EE33E"pageId="4"pageNumber="97"tableUuid="33CD51996330E6441BC87B95810EE33E">1</tableCitation>
<taxonomicNameid="3FD936DC5D1634EC2287D4DB35AF71EE"authorityName="Mattera, T. Molnar, & Struwe"authorityYear="2015"class="Magnoliopsida"family="Cornaceae"genus="Cornus"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"hybrid-sign="x"kingdom="Plantae"lsidName="Cornus elwinortonii"order="Cornales"pageId="4"pageNumber="97"phylum="Tracheophyta"rank="species"species="elwinortonii">
<taxonomicNameid="ACCA8EFCC44A58B552C08EA3CDFA8C42"authorityName="Mattera, T. Molnar, & Struwe"authorityYear="2015"class="Magnoliopsida"family="Cornaceae"genus="Cornus"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"hybrid-sign="x"kingdom="Plantae"lsidName="Cornus elwinortonii"order="Cornales"pageId="4"pageNumber="97"phylum="Tracheophyta"rank="species"species="elwinortonii">
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