<mods:affiliationid="39BF96EA5CA22133998A1080005B6046">Universidade Federal do ABC, Centro de Ciencias Naturais e Humanas, Santo Andre, Sao Paulo, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
<mods:namePartid="729C6E39D7062C515BE509250CB5D51F">Santos, Rodrigo dos Reis</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliationid="8AF268AD92CEFC31EFB2A780A05D9E45">Pos-Graduacao em Entomologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
<mods:affiliationid="148CA497FE54B419E2BD5DED66CA27E0">Universidade Federal do ABC, Centro de Ciencias Naturais e Humanas, Santo Andre, Sao Paulo, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
can be diagnosed by the following combination of characters: gonocoxite bifid; wing with R2+3+4 aligned with R2+3. When there is an element R4+5 (and therefore, no R2+3), members of the genus are distinguished from other
<figureCitationid="FEEE920BCB792A6433054E10F78C7373"captionStart="Figure 1"captionStartId="F1"captionText="Figure 1. Schematic illustration of the male terminalia of representatives of Amphineurus (dorsal view). A A. (A.) Amphineurus patya; B A. (A.) superbus; C A. (A.) pita; D A. (A.) umbraticus. - Abbreviations: ad spur, anterodorsal spur; aed, aedeagus; aed sh, sheath of aedeagus; b spur, basal spur; cgonst, clasper of gonostylus; db clasper, dorsal branch of clasper of gonostylus; db lobe, dorsal branch of lobe of gonostylus; f, foramen of male tergite X; goncx, gonocoxite; la spur, latero-apical spur; lb sh, lateral branch of sheath of aedeagus; lgonst, lobe of gonostylus; lh, lateral humps; mh, medial humps; pb sh, posterior branches of sheath of aedeagus; t 9, male tergite IX; t 10, male tergite X; vb clasper, ventral branch of clasper of gonostylus; vb lobe, ventral branch of lobe of gonostylus."figureDoi="10.3897/asp.80.e83035.figure1"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/740554"pageId="0"pageNumber="439">1</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="C8B75F4B08E8122A6F504839CF673871"captionStart="Figure 2"captionStartId="F2"captionText="Figure 2. Schematic illustration of the male terminalia of representatives of Amphineurus (dorsal view). A A. (A.) maculosus; B A. (Nothormosia) edentulus; C A. (A.) perdecorus; D A. (Nesormosia) fatuus. - Abbreviations: aed, aedeagus; aed sh, sheath of aedeagus; cgonst, clasper of gonostylus; db clasper, dorsal branch of clasper of gonostylus; goncx, gonocoxite; gonst, gonostylus; lb sh, lateral branch of sheath of aedeagus; lgonst, lobe of gonostylus; ms lobe, mesal lobe of gonocoxite; t 9, male tergite IX; vb clasper, ventral branch of clasper of gonostylus."figureDoi="10.3897/asp.80.e83035.figure2"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/740555"pageId="0"pageNumber="439">2</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="15C612F1BEDD24084BFD4309E2061E36"captionStart="Figure 1"captionStartId="F1"captionText="Figure 1. Schematic illustration of the male terminalia of representatives of Amphineurus (dorsal view). A A. (A.) Amphineurus patya; B A. (A.) superbus; C A. (A.) pita; D A. (A.) umbraticus. - Abbreviations: ad spur, anterodorsal spur; aed, aedeagus; aed sh, sheath of aedeagus; b spur, basal spur; cgonst, clasper of gonostylus; db clasper, dorsal branch of clasper of gonostylus; db lobe, dorsal branch of lobe of gonostylus; f, foramen of male tergite X; goncx, gonocoxite; la spur, latero-apical spur; lb sh, lateral branch of sheath of aedeagus; lgonst, lobe of gonostylus; lh, lateral humps; mh, medial humps; pb sh, posterior branches of sheath of aedeagus; t 9, male tergite IX; t 10, male tergite X; vb clasper, ventral branch of clasper of gonostylus; vb lobe, ventral branch of lobe of gonostylus."figureDoi="10.3897/asp.80.e83035.figure1"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/740554"pageId="0"pageNumber="439">1A</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="B2421B30DF07C9CDD1D9945B03652C30"captionStart="Figure 2"captionStartId="F2"captionText="Figure 2. Schematic illustration of the male terminalia of representatives of Amphineurus (dorsal view). A A. (A.) maculosus; B A. (Nothormosia) edentulus; C A. (A.) perdecorus; D A. (Nesormosia) fatuus. - Abbreviations: aed, aedeagus; aed sh, sheath of aedeagus; cgonst, clasper of gonostylus; db clasper, dorsal branch of clasper of gonostylus; goncx, gonocoxite; gonst, gonostylus; lb sh, lateral branch of sheath of aedeagus; lgonst, lobe of gonostylus; ms lobe, mesal lobe of gonocoxite; t 9, male tergite IX; vb clasper, ventral branch of clasper of gonostylus."figureDoi="10.3897/asp.80.e83035.figure2"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/740555"pageId="0"pageNumber="439">2D</figureCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="F3B97A9C3AF41F60DFD2158BA1C53732"DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.15067"author="Skuse, FAA"journalOrPublisher="International Journal of Dipterological Research"pageId="0"pageNumber="439"refId="B41"refString="Skuse, FAA, 1890. Diptera of Australia, Part 7. The Tipulidae brevipalpi. Proceedings of the Linnaean Society of New South Wales (2)4: 757-892. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.15067"title="Diptera of Australia, Part 7. The Tipulidae brevipalpi. Proceedings of the Linnaean Society of New South Wales (2) 4: 757 - 892."url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.15067"year="1890">Skuse (1890)</bibRefCitation>
. His diagnosis included the absence of the discal cell, the radial sector with four branches, "second longitudinal vein angulated", and hind femora one third longer than the intermediate pair. These features are non-exclusive or variable in the genus.
<bibRefCitationid="7F911ECBEF54E952C53EB4D6C24D91ED"DOI="https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent52141-6"author="Alexander, CP"journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Queensland Museum"pageId="0"pageNumber="439"pagination="52 - 63"refId="B1"refString="Alexander, CP, 1920. New or little-known crane-flies in the Queensland museum (Tipulidae, Diptera). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 7: 52 - 63, DOI: https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent52141-6"title="New or little-known crane-flies in the Queensland museum (Tipulidae, Diptera)."url="https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent52141-6"volume="7"year="1920">Alexander (1920)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="06D3905E201BE357855087C182CE71D2"author="Edwards, FW"journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the New Zealand Institute"pageId="0"pageNumber="439"pagination="265 - 352"refId="B19"refString="Edwards, FW, 1923. A preliminary revision of the crane-flies of New Zealand (Anisopodidae, Tanyderidae, Tipulidae). Transactions of the New Zealand Institute 54: 265 - 352"title="A preliminary revision of the crane-flies of New Zealand (Anisopodidae, Tanyderidae, Tipulidae)."volume="54"year="1923">Edwards (1923)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="B39AA774A19653DD20DD1578D549075D"author="Edwards, FW"journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the New Zealand Institute"pageId="0"pageNumber="439"pagination="265 - 352"refId="B19"refString="Edwards, FW, 1923. A preliminary revision of the crane-flies of New Zealand (Anisopodidae, Tanyderidae, Tipulidae). Transactions of the New Zealand Institute 54: 265 - 352"title="A preliminary revision of the crane-flies of New Zealand (Anisopodidae, Tanyderidae, Tipulidae)."volume="54"year="1923">Edwards (1923)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="4B1E68CFB4C32F457BCC160010A4D5A8"author="Alexander, CP"journalOrPublisher="Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile"pageId="0"pageNumber="439"pagination="1 - 240"refId="B7"refString="Alexander, CP, 1929a. Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile. Part I. Crane-flies (Tipulidae, Trichoceridae, Tanyderidae). Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile 1: 1 - 240"title="Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile. Part I. Crane-flies (Tipulidae, Trichoceridae, Tanyderidae)."volume="1"year="1929 a">Alexander (1929a)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="8A229922FD8B8CAEB09452EC4FDCB7DA"author="Edwards, FW"journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the New Zealand Institute"pageId="0"pageNumber="439"pagination="265 - 352"refId="B19"refString="Edwards, FW, 1923. A preliminary revision of the crane-flies of New Zealand (Anisopodidae, Tanyderidae, Tipulidae). Transactions of the New Zealand Institute 54: 265 - 352"title="A preliminary revision of the crane-flies of New Zealand (Anisopodidae, Tanyderidae, Tipulidae)."volume="54"year="1923">Edwards (1923)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="077A82F19849976A5618C34A82ACB07C"author="Alexander, CP"journalOrPublisher="Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile"pageId="0"pageNumber="439"pagination="1 - 240"refId="B7"refString="Alexander, CP, 1929a. Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile. Part I. Crane-flies (Tipulidae, Trichoceridae, Tanyderidae). Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile 1: 1 - 240"title="Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile. Part I. Crane-flies (Tipulidae, Trichoceridae, Tanyderidae)."volume="1"year="1929 a">Alexander (1929a)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="F83933B89455136D02224EA5175E7960"author="Theischinger, G"journalOrPublisher="Stapfia"pageId="0"pageNumber="439"pagination="37 - 276"refId="B42"refString="Theischinger, G, 1994. The Limoniinae (Diptera: Tipulidae) of Australia V. The genera Helius Le Peletier and Serville, Toxorhina Loew, Limonia Meigen (part), Tonnoiromyia Alexander and Collessophila gen. nov. (all tribe Limoniini) and Atarba Osten-Sacken, Amphineurus Skuse, Erioptera Meigen, Cheilotrichia Rossi, Gonomyia Meigen and Idiocera Dale (all tribe Eriopterini). Stapfia 36: 37 - 276"title="The Limoniinae (Diptera: Tipulidae) of Australia V. The genera Helius Le Peletier and Serville, Toxorhina Loew, Limonia Meigen (part), Tonnoiromyia Alexander and Collessophila gen. nov. (all tribe Limoniini) and Atarba Osten-Sacken, Amphineurus Skuse, Erioptera Meigen, Cheilotrichia Rossi, Gonomyia Meigen and Idiocera Dale (all tribe Eriopterini)."volume="36"year="1994">Theischinger 1994</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="1643F74C23836A7E1B8001919B01A043"author="Theischinger, G"journalOrPublisher="Stapfia"pageId="0"pageNumber="439"pagination="1 - 18"refId="B43"refString="Theischinger, G, 1996. The Limoniinae (Diptera: Tipulidae) of Australia VI. New and insufficiently known species of Toxorhina Loew, Limonia Meigen, Atarba Osten Sacken, Amphineurus Skuse, Gonomyia Meigen and Molophilus Curtis. Stapfia 44: 1 - 18"title="The Limoniinae (Diptera: Tipulidae) of Australia VI. New and insufficiently known species of Toxorhina Loew, Limonia Meigen, Atarba Osten Sacken, Amphineurus Skuse, Gonomyia Meigen and Molophilus Curtis."volume="44"year="1996">1996</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="ABC2D9A85EB6D474659F1D7C15A8A22A"author="Edwards, FW"journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the New Zealand Institute"pageId="0"pageNumber="439"pagination="265 - 352"refId="B19"refString="Edwards, FW, 1923. A preliminary revision of the crane-flies of New Zealand (Anisopodidae, Tanyderidae, Tipulidae). Transactions of the New Zealand Institute 54: 265 - 352"title="A preliminary revision of the crane-flies of New Zealand (Anisopodidae, Tanyderidae, Tipulidae)."volume="54"year="1923">Edwards (1923)</bibRefCitation>
<figureCitationid="AA2B445A4BD318F3F7264E8C968B99AB"captionStart="Figure 1"captionStartId="F1"captionText="Figure 1. Schematic illustration of the male terminalia of representatives of Amphineurus (dorsal view). A A. (A.) Amphineurus patya; B A. (A.) superbus; C A. (A.) pita; D A. (A.) umbraticus. - Abbreviations: ad spur, anterodorsal spur; aed, aedeagus; aed sh, sheath of aedeagus; b spur, basal spur; cgonst, clasper of gonostylus; db clasper, dorsal branch of clasper of gonostylus; db lobe, dorsal branch of lobe of gonostylus; f, foramen of male tergite X; goncx, gonocoxite; la spur, latero-apical spur; lb sh, lateral branch of sheath of aedeagus; lgonst, lobe of gonostylus; lh, lateral humps; mh, medial humps; pb sh, posterior branches of sheath of aedeagus; t 9, male tergite IX; t 10, male tergite X; vb clasper, ventral branch of clasper of gonostylus; vb lobe, ventral branch of lobe of gonostylus."figureDoi="10.3897/asp.80.e83035.figure1"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/740554"pageId="0"pageNumber="439">1A</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="E3ADAA1B43D53AFF78F8236101D283CA"captionStart="Figure 29"captionStartId="F29"captionText="Figure 29. Amphineurus (Rhamphoneurus) stigamticus sp. nov. A head (ventral view); B head (dorsal view); C detail of wing; D wing; E thorax (lateral view); F thorax (dorsal view); G male tergite IX (dorsal view) and remainder of male terminalia (lateral view); H female terminalia (dorsal view). - Abbreviations: aed sh, sheath of aedeagus; anatg, anatergite; anepm, anepimeron; anepst, anepisternum; aprn, anteropronotum; cer, cercus; cgonst, clasper of gonostylus; cx, coxa; goncx, gonocoxite; hlt, halter; hyp val, hypogynial valve; k, knob of halter; kepm, katepimeron; kepst, katepisternum; ktg, katatergite; l ms, left mesal lobe of gonocoxite; lgonst; lobe of gonostylus; mr, meron; ms lobe, mesal lobe of gonocoxite; mtanepst, metanepisternum; mtepm, metepimeron; mtg, mediotergite; mtkepst, metakatepisternum; mtn, metanotum; p, posterior basalare; patg, paratergite; pprn, postpronotum; presct, prescutum; r ms, right mesal lobe of gonocoxite; sct, scutum; sctl, scutellum; st, sternite; tg, tergite; t 9, male tergite IX."figureDoi="10.3897/asp.80.e83035.figure29"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/740582"pageId="0"pageNumber="439">29G</figureCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="CDC35309297E4D99615F738C6B3110E8"DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12312-020-00750-x"author="Kramer, J"journalOrPublisher="Dipterists Forum Cranefly Recording Scheme Newsletter"pageId="0"pageNumber="439"pagination="6 - 7"refId="B24"refString="Kramer, J, 2020. The rotation of the hypopygium in Molophilus and other Chioneinae. Bulletin of the Dipterists Forum 89; Cranefly News. Dipterists Forum Cranefly Recording Scheme Newsletter 35: 6 - 7, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12312-020-00750-x"title="The rotation of the hypopygium in Molophilus and other Chioneinae. Bulletin of the Dipterists Forum 89; Cranefly News."url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12312-020-00750-x"volume="35"year="2020">Kramer 2020</bibRefCitation>
<figureCitationid="2A9A10585540257DA75C01A432453FC8"captionStart="Figure 32"captionStartId="F32"captionText="Figure 32. Most parsimonious tree (part) yielded by parsimony analysis with implied weighting (K = 3), depicting recovered relationships among outgroup taxa. Numbers at tree branches designate nodes (see 4.2.). - Abbreviations: Aus, Australia; NC, New Caledonia; NG, New Guinea; NZ, New Zealand, SAm, South America; Tas, Tasmania."figureDoi="10.3897/asp.80.e83035.figure32"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/740585"pageId="0"pageNumber="439">32</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="C8F22B679A8A89F7C3C1787162C7BF66"captionStart="Figure 32"captionStartId="F32"captionText="Figure 32. Most parsimonious tree (part) yielded by parsimony analysis with implied weighting (K = 3), depicting recovered relationships among outgroup taxa. Numbers at tree branches designate nodes (see 4.2.). - Abbreviations: Aus, Australia; NC, New Caledonia; NG, New Guinea; NZ, New Zealand, SAm, South America; Tas, Tasmania."figureDoi="10.3897/asp.80.e83035.figure32"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/740585"pageId="0"pageNumber="439">32</figureCitation>
Rossi. Despite that, in the group of genera with a bifid gonocoxite and inverted terminalia, vein R2+3 is normally aligned with R2+3+4. The exception is a clade of
<figureCitationid="26D686EFA65DA2E13B6E93A764E17981"captionStart="Figure 32"captionStartId="F32"captionText="Figure 32. Most parsimonious tree (part) yielded by parsimony analysis with implied weighting (K = 3), depicting recovered relationships among outgroup taxa. Numbers at tree branches designate nodes (see 4.2.). - Abbreviations: Aus, Australia; NC, New Caledonia; NG, New Guinea; NZ, New Zealand, SAm, South America; Tas, Tasmania."figureDoi="10.3897/asp.80.e83035.figure32"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/740585"pageId="0"pageNumber="439">32</figureCitation>
