309 lines
39 KiB
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309 lines
39 KiB
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<document id="DF5619FEB9F7FD5DBD84077ADF511A41" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.602.1.1" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8141984" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1689235114003" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Fernandez-Hilario, Robin, Goldenberg, Renato & Michelangeli, Fabián A." docDate="2023" docId="03B887DAFFBFFFB1FF62C2C2FC19FE1F" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.602.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 602 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.602.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0.3:Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleId="F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Meriania Sw." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="8" masterDocId="FF81FFA2FFB9FFB6FFEAC236FFC7FFAB" masterDocTitle="A synopsis of Meriania (Melastomataceae: Merianieae) in Peru" masterLastPageNumber="101" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="7" updateTime="1689236083425" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="48AE7567C349B26791FF6BC7B7756383">
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<mods:title id="C16B07EB5CCC25327B6180E884C649AE">A synopsis of Meriania (Melastomataceae: Merianieae) in Peru</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="AFE945E100E4D7DF87D45715119563DC" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="3CCC2BF87D43E6C8498CD71CDDF17DAC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="9C28DF174CA3FE64D2E81434EE64BFE9">Fernandez-Hilario, Robin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="8CE4DB49D802071F319E6E5F60E093EE" type="ORCID">0000-0001-8234-9502</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="85FE9D4D3E7883085B7CD278CAB60B7E">Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19031, CEP 81531 - 970, Curitiba, PR, Brazil. & División de Ecología Vegetal - CORBIDI, Calle Santa Rita 105 Of. 2, Urb. Huertos de San Antonio Monterrico, Surco, Lima, Perú. & rfernandez @ corbidi. org; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8234 - 9502</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="861C039F89D98BBEFD9FAE1DB9388926" type="email">rfernandez@corbidi.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="4FEB01949AD60AEBDAEB27CC79254A2E" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="3CA9ECC75E0E68A1F60C6B46FF5E7ADC">
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<mods:roleTerm id="E0F957E4F4A415F92ACDDC7B5E3CFF73">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="694AFE3366540492D7A55770920D2ACD">Goldenberg, Renato</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="24899B5D8624CDD69DD23FC47676317C" type="ORCID">0000-0002-7047-6720</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="2CD6AB59EE26072E0B5D06D765D846B9">Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19031, CEP 81531 - 970, Curitiba, PR, Brazil. & renato. goldenberg @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7047 - 6720</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="7F71F67259E8027637DDFBB85AF2F6AE" type="email">renato.goldenberg@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="1E277DDD32900461F9DDAC566C547FCF" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="DF55367AE3712630879E14726801A2CB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="4F58A38237581777BAB02DD10526E82D">Michelangeli, Fabián A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="B7423DAFB32935FC0691A85CC1E021AA" type="ORCID">0000-0001-7348-143X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="04E18DF6277D91791539AA36239E73C8">Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19031, CEP 81531 - 970, Curitiba, PR, Brazil. & The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY 104458 USA. & Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19031, CEP 81531 - 970, Curitiba, PR, Brazil. & fabian @ nybg. org; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7348 - 143 X Corresponding author: rfernandez @ corbidi. org & Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19031, CEP 81531 - 970, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="EC7FDD3479C9A6172A6381FC35BFC00C" type="email">fabian@nybg.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="87DBE21B1E6AC6FB9608061F9DB3E626">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="4D0AE36968B26616983B9EC1F68F2927">
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<mods:title id="1A2F50344B6541B98B85590EC973C6AA">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="C9B9301331E5EDA6E361E3288F8C7DD1">
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<mods:date id="E6BC50F733924EAB972714922F71D691">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="0FA00E118F2848252B1D66B27D56CFD4" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="07E044DAEB8324B72ED841274345308A">2023-07-12</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="74A0395EABCA136A03E8C50C2A432024" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="B25942311DC9A6D8A6E0E2918FD8EC48">602</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="E3580C847CC59649B9D4C0B37ADA17BE" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="EFC9094A1E145ADCFCE502E4B16E8CCC">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="EEE3F73DA08011C54A3539B12CDEFB35">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="193DA0504DE8F63E62DF34944ED43A97">101</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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<mods:location id="FCEF89812C629880A0A78C2CC5802C4A">
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<mods:url id="B1FD3F527D72A733B2942DA249FA6EE1">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.602.1.1</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="25A32B3C0F7E52071F0FEF6066CD6190">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="86871BD1A7D1F402C4C1AC4180D42B14" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.602.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B6494565D6BCDBEA4A44F561F6B3371C" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A49B3667C891613A485D34A52A209CC9" type="Zenodo-Dep">8141984</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03B887DAFFBFFFB1FF62C2C2FC19FE1F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8141986" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8141986" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B887DAFFBFFFB1FF62C2C2FC19FE1F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B887DAFFBFFFB1FF62C2C2FC19FE1F" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<subSubSection id="C30B6547FFBFFFB0FF62C2C2FC11FEA5" box="[136,982,244,270]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BAE36CCFFBFFFB0FF62C2C2FC11FEA5" blockId="6.[136,982,244,270]" box="[136,982,244,270]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<heading id="D0E681A0FFBFFFB0FF62C2C2FC11FEA5" box="[136,982,244,270]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" reason="5">
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<emphasis id="B965EADEFFBFFFB0FF62C2C2FCF6FEA5" bold="true" box="[136,817,244,270]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D4FFFBFFFB0FF62C2C2FEE2FEA5" ID-CoL="5P8S" ID-ENA="119892" authority="Sw." authorityName="Sw." box="[136,293,244,270]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Meriania" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B965EADEFFBFFFB0FF62C2C2FF34FEA5" bold="true" box="[136,243,244,270]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Meriania</emphasis>
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Sw.
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</taxonomicName>
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, nom. cons., Fl. Ind. Occ. 2: 823, t. 15. 1798.
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</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="132A2A49FFBFFFB0FCD5C2C2FC0DFEA5" box="[831,970,244,270]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 3" captionStart-1="FIGURE 4" captionStart-2="FIGURE 5" captionStart-3="FIGURE 6" captionStart-4="FIGURE 7" captionStartId-0="6.[136,229,1742,1764]" captionStartId-1="8.[136,229,954,976]" captionStartId-2="9.[136,229,1613,1635]" captionStartId-3="10.[136,229,1633,1655]" captionStartId-4="11.[136,229,1101,1123]" captionTargetBox-0="[217,1370,1054,1715]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1433,194,929]" captionTargetBox-2="[155,1429,217,1583]" captionTargetBox-3="[156,1429,267,1603]" captionTargetBox-4="[152,1433,195,1075]" captionTargetId-0="figure-317@6.[216,1372,1053,1717]" captionTargetId-1="figure-20@8.[150,1435,193,931]" captionTargetId-2="figure-18@9.[150,1435,209,1589]" captionTargetId-3="figure-20@10.[150,1435,193,1609]" captionTargetId-4="figure-18@11.[150,1434,193,1077]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionTargetPageId-2="9" captionTargetPageId-3="10" captionTargetPageId-4="11" captionText-0="FIGURE 3. Morphological characteristics of Peruvian Meriania. A. Interpetiolar line (M. tomentosa; R. W. Bussmann et al. 17068). B. Interpetiolar flap (M. zunacensis; R. Fernandez-Hilario et al. 1920). C. Winged internode (M. penningtonii; R. Fernandez-Hilario et al. 2072). D. Winged internode (M. tetragona; R. Fernandez-Hilario et al. 2092). E. Adaxial projection (scutum) in the transition zone from the petiole to the midvein (M. zunacensis; R. Fernandez-Hilario et al. 1920). F. Swollen adaxial projection on the petiole apex (M. drakei; R. Fernandez-Hilario et al. 1775). G. Liguliform abaxial projections in the transition zone from the petiole to the midvein (M. sanguinea; R. Fernandez-Hilario et al. 1896). H. Tuberculate abaxial projections in the transition zone from the petiole to the midvein (M. tetragona; F. A. Michelangeli et al. 1739). I. Spreading corolla (M. rigida; R. Fernandez-Hilario et al. 1931). J. Campanulate corollas (M. dazae; J. L. Marcelo-Peña et al. 6568). K. Fruits with mature ovaries exceeding the hypanthia length (M. sanguinea; F.A. Michelangeli et al. 2743). L. Fruits with mature ovaries completely concealed by the hypanthia (M. tomentosa; F. A. Michelangeli et al. 1799). Photos by Rainer W. Bussmann (A); Robin Fernandez-Hilario (B–G and I–J); and Fabián A. Michelangeli (H, K and L)." captionText-1="FIGURE 4. Morphological characteristics of Peruvian Meriania. A. Bullate adaxial leaf surface (M. sanguinea; R. Fernandez-Hilario et al. 1896). B. Punctiform abaxial leaf surface (M. cuzcoana; W. Farfán et al. 976). C. Glabrous abaxial leaf surface (M. callosa; R. Fernandez-Hilario et al. 2055). D. Furfuraceous abaxial leaf surface (M. vilcabambensis; L. Valenzuela 7494). E. Puberulent abaxial leaf surface (M. drakei; R. Fernandez-Hilario et al. 1775). F. Pubescent abaxial leaf surface (M. bicentenaria; A. Monteagudo et al. 6960). G. Tomentose abaxial leaf surface (M. tomentosa; R. Fernandez-Hilario et al. 1905). H. Setulose abaxial leaf surface (M. radula; D. Paredes et al. 604). I. Villose abaxial leaf surface (M. sumatika; I. Huamantupa et al. 2060). J. Hirsute adaxial leaf surface (M. hirsuta; S. Baldeón & J. Campos 5373). K. Peltate leaf base (M. peltata; R. Fernandez-Hilario et al. 2093). L. Leaf base with dentate-undulate revolute auricles (M. cuzcoana; L. Valenzuela et al. 6904)." captionText-2="FIGURE 5. Morphological characteristics of Peruvian Meriania. A. Calyx lacking dorsal projections (M. hexamera; I. Revilla 3484). B. Calyx with callose dorsal projections (left), and detail of a dorsal projection (right) (M. callosa; R. Fernandez-Hilario et al. 2055). C. Calyx with whitish callose dorsal projections (M. penningtonii; R. Fernandez-Hilario et al. 2072). D. Calyx with claw-shaped dorsal projections (M. dazae; J. L. Marcelo-Peña et al. 6568). E. Calyx with blunt dorsal projections (M. rugosa; H. van der Werff 17006). F. Subcalyptrate calyx with small claw-shaped projections and irregular dehiscence (left), and detail of the subcalyptrate calyx apex (right) (M. vasquez
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).
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30B6547FFBFFFB0FF62C376FDCEFBA8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BAE36CCFFBFFFB0FF62C376FC5FFEFE" blockId="6.[136,920,320,342]" box="[136,920,320,342]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<typeStatus id="54AA886EFFBFFFB0FF62C376FF7FFEFE" box="[136,184,320,341]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D4FFFBFFFB0FEFAC376FE24FEFE" authority="Sw." authorityName="Sw." box="[272,483,320,341]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Rhexia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leucantha">
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<emphasis id="B965EADEFFBFFFB0FEFAC376FE70FEFE" box="[272,439,320,341]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Rhexia leucantha</emphasis>
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Sw.
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<typeStatus id="54AA886EFFBFFFB0FE06C376FDD2FEFE" box="[492,533,320,341]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
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cons. [=
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D4FFFBFFFB0FD83C376FC49FEFE" authority="(Sw.) Sw." authorityName="Sw." baseAuthorityName="Sw." box="[617,910,320,341]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Meriania" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leucantha">
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<emphasis id="B965EADEFFBFFFB0FD83C376FCE0FEFE" box="[617,807,320,341]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Meriania leucantha</emphasis>
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(Sw.) Sw.
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</taxonomicName>
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].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAE36CCFFBFFFB0FF62C3B2FDCEFBA8" blockId="6.[136,1452,388,1027]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<emphasis id="B965EADEFFBFFFB0FF62C3B2FF00FE35" bold="true" box="[136,199,388,414]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Trees</emphasis>
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or
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<emphasis id="B965EADEFFBFFFB0FF05C3B2FEFAFE34" bold="true" box="[239,317,388,415]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">shrubs</emphasis>
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, rarely
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<emphasis id="B965EADEFFBFFFB0FE7CC3B2FE3FFE34" bold="true" box="[406,504,388,415]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">climbers</emphasis>
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, distal branchlets glabrous or with various indument
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<typeStatus id="54AA886EFFBFFFB0FBB2C3B3FB50FE34" box="[1112,1175,389,415]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">types</typeStatus>
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.
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<emphasis id="B965EADEFFBFFFB0FB48C3B2FA99FE34" bold="true" box="[1186,1374,388,415]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Young branches</emphasis>
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terete, quadrangular, or 4-winged; nodes with interpetiolar lines, flaps or without modifications.
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<emphasis id="B965EADEFFBFFFB0FB83C39EFB7FFE69" bold="true" box="[1129,1208,424,450]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Leaves</emphasis>
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opposite, isophyllous to slightly anisophyllous.
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<emphasis id="B965EADEFFBFFFB0FE49C3FAFE3AFE4D" box="[419,509,460,486]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Petioles</emphasis>
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with projections or without modifications.
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<emphasis id="B965EADEFFBFFFB0FC32C3FAFB9FFE4D" box="[984,1112,460,486]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Leaf blades</emphasis>
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petiolate or sessile, sometimes subpeltate or peltate; venation acrodromous basal or suprabasal; glabrous or covered with various indument
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<typeStatus id="54AA886EFFBFFFB0FA83C3C7FA6FFDA0" box="[1385,1448,497,523]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">types</typeStatus>
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.
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<emphasis id="B965EADEFFBFFFB0FF62C022FEF6FD85" bold="true" box="[136,305,532,558]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Inflorescences</emphasis>
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terminal or pseudo-lateral (initially terminal but overtopped by the developing axillary bud) panicles, rarely dichasia, or solitary flowers.
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<emphasis id="B965EADEFFBFFFB0FDE4C00EFDAAFDF9" bold="true" box="[526,621,568,594]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Flowers</emphasis>
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(4–)5–6-merous; diplostemonous; with spreading to campanulate corollas.
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<emphasis id="B965EADEFFBFFFB0FF62C06AFED5FDDD" box="[136,274,604,630]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Hypanthium</emphasis>
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terete to costate; glabrous or covered with various indument
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<typeStatus id="54AA886EFFBFFFB0FC11C06BFBFDFDDC" box="[1019,1082,605,631]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">types</typeStatus>
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.
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<emphasis id="B965EADEFFBFFFB0FBA0C06AFB4CFDDD" box="[1098,1163,604,630]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Calyx</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
lobed, repand, truncate, subcalyptrate or calyptrate; dehiscence regular, irregular or circumscissile; with dorsal projections, acicular, claw-shaped, conic, callose, blunt or obsolete; glabrous or covered with various indument
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="54AA886EFFBFFFB0FBBEC093FB54FD14" box="[1108,1171,677,703]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">types</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B965EADEFFBFFFB0FB75C092FB22FD15" box="[1183,1253,676,702]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Petals</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
oblong, obovate, slightly obovate, or strongly asymmetrically obovate; glabrous, rarely puberulent or slightly ciliate.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B965EADEFFBFFFB0FB21C0FEFAEFFD49" box="[1227,1320,712,738]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Stamens</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
isomorphic to strongly dimorphic, all bent to one side of the flower at anthesis giving the flower a zygomorphic appearance; filaments flat to semiterete; connectives sometimes prolonged below the thecae or abruptly inflated (bulbous), with two appendages, one dorso-basal and the other dorsal, the former descending or almost perpendicular to the thecae, sometimes laterally expanded, the latter obsolete to ascending; anthers usually opening by one dorsally inclined pore, thecae with smooth to corrugated surfaces.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B965EADEFFBFFFB0FD99C14AFD7EFC3D" box="[627,697,892,918]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ovary</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
superior, sometimes ½ inferior, usually glabrous; style incurved at the apex and opposite to the anthers at anthesis, glabrous.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B965EADEFFBFFFB0FCEEC196FC8BFC11" bold="true" box="[772,844,928,954]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fruits</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
capsular (velatidia), with persistent hypanthium, calyx persistent or caducous; mature ovary exceeding the hypanthium length or completely concealed by the hypanthium.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B965EADEFFBFFFB0FF62C1DEFF0EFBA8" bold="true" box="[136,201,1000,1027]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Seeds</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
triangular-linear, numerous.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<caption id="DF6E6644FFBFFFB0FF62C4F8FB87F78C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8141994" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8141994" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8141994/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" startId="6.[136,229,1742,1764]" targetBox="[217,1370,1054,1715]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAE36CCFFBFFFB0FF62C4F8FB87F78C" blockId="6.[136,1452,1742,2088]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B965EADEFFBFFFB0FF62C4F8FF39F948" bold="true" box="[136,254,1742,1764]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Morphological characteristics of Peruvian
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B965EADEFFBFFFB0FD48C4F8FCC4F948" box="[674,771,1742,1763]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C114D4FFFBFFFB0FD48C4F8FD39F948" box="[674,766,1742,1763]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Meriania" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Meriania</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B965EADEFFBFFFB0FCE3C4F8FCE7F948" bold="true" box="[777,800,1742,1763]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">A.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Interpetiolar line (
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C114D4FFFBFFFB0FC3DC4F9FB9CF94F" box="[983,1115,1743,1764]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Meriania" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tomentosa">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B965EADEFFBFFFB0FC3DC4F9FB9CF94F" box="[983,1115,1743,1764]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. tomentosa</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B965EADEFFBFFFB0FB83C4F9FA47F948" box="[1129,1408,1742,1764]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">R. W. Bussmann et al. 17068</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B965EADEFFBFFFB0FA7FC4F8FA6BF948" bold="true" box="[1429,1452,1742,1763]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">B.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Interpetiolar flap (
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C114D4FFFBFFFB0FED3C4C5FE05F8AC" box="[313,450,1778,1800]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Meriania" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="zunacensis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B965EADEFFBFFFB0FED3C4C5FE05F8AC" box="[313,450,1778,1800]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. zunacensis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B965EADEFFBFFFB0FE25C4C5FCC9F8AC" box="[463,782,1778,1800]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">R. Fernandez-Hilario et al. 1920</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B965EADEFFBFFFB0FCC9C4C4FCFDF8A3" bold="true" box="[803,826,1778,1800]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Winged internode (
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C114D4FFFBFFFB0FC16C4C5FB51F8AC" box="[1020,1174,1778,1800]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Meriania" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="penningtonii">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B965EADEFFBFFFB0FC16C4C5FB51F8AC" box="[1020,1174,1778,1800]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. penningtonii</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B965EADEFFBFFFB0FB49C4C5FF7FF880" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">R. Fernandez-Hilario et al. 2072</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B965EADEFFBFFFB0FF26C520FF23F880" bold="true" box="[204,228,1814,1835]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">D.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Winged internode (
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C114D4FFFBFFFB0FE49C521FDE7F887" box="[419,544,1815,1836]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Meriania" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tetragona">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B965EADEFFBFFFB0FE49C521FDE7F887" box="[419,544,1815,1836]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. tetragona</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B965EADEFFBFFFB0FDC7C521FCAEF880" box="[557,873,1814,1836]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">R. Fernandez-Hilario et al. 2092</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B965EADEFFBFFFB0FC96C520FC54F880" bold="true" box="[892,915,1814,1835]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">E.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Adaxial projection (scutum) in the transition zone from the petiole to the midvein (
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C114D4FFFBFFFB0FE62C50DFDD7F8E4" box="[392,528,1850,1872]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Meriania" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="zunacensis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B965EADEFFBFFFB0FE62C50DFDD7F8E4" box="[392,528,1850,1872]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. zunacensis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B965EADEFFBFFFB0FDF6C50DFC91F8E4" box="[540,854,1850,1872]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">R. Fernandez-Hilario et al. 1920</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B965EADEFFBFFFB0FC83C50CFCBCF8E4" bold="true" box="[873,891,1850,1871]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">F.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Swollen adaxial projection on the petiole apex (
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C114D4FFFBFFFB0FAA2C50DFA63F8E4" box="[1352,1444,1850,1872]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Meriania" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="drakei">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B965EADEFFBFFFB0FAA2C50DFA63F8E4" box="[1352,1444,1850,1872]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. drakei</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B965EADEFFBFFFB0FF62C569FE05F8D8" box="[136,450,1886,1908]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">R. Fernandez-Hilario et al. 1775</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B965EADEFFBFFFB0FE3CC568FE28F8DF" bold="true" box="[470,495,1886,1908]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">G.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Liguliform abaxial projections in the transition zone from the petiole to the midvein (
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C114D4FFFBFFFB0FAC8C569FA62F8D8" box="[1314,1445,1886,1908]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Meriania" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sanguinea">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B965EADEFFBFFFB0FAC8C569FA62F8D8" box="[1314,1445,1886,1908]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. sanguinea</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B965EADEFFBFFFB0FF62C5B5FE05F83C" box="[136,450,1922,1944]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">R. Fernandez-Hilario et al. 1896</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B965EADEFFBFFFB0FE3FC5B4FE29F83C" bold="true" box="[469,494,1922,1943]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">H.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Tuberculate abaxial projections in the transition zone from the petiole to the midvein (
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C114D4FFFBFFFB0FAC2C5B5FA63F833" box="[1320,1444,1923,1944]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Meriania" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tetragona">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B965EADEFFBFFFB0FAC2C5B5FA63F833" box="[1320,1444,1923,1944]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. tetragona</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B965EADEFFBFFFB0FF62C591FE62F810" box="[136,421,1958,1980]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">F. A. Michelangeli et al. 1739</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B965EADEFFBFFFB0FE53C590FE0FF810" bold="true" box="[441,456,1958,1979]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">I.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Spreading corolla (
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C114D4FFFBFFFB0FD6DC591FD25F810" box="[647,738,1958,1980]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Pachymeria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rigida">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B965EADEFFBFFFB0FD6DC591FD25F810" box="[647,738,1958,1980]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. rigida</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B965EADEFFBFFFB0FD04C591FBECF810" box="[750,1067,1958,1980]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">R. Fernandez-Hilario et al. 1931</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B965EADEFFBFFFB0FBD5C590FB96F810" bold="true" box="[1087,1105,1958,1979]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">J.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Campanulate corollas (
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C114D4FFFBFFFB0FADCC591FA49F810" box="[1334,1422,1958,1980]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Meriania" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dazae">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B965EADEFFBFFFB0FADCC591FA49F810" box="[1334,1422,1958,1980]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. dazae</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B965EADEFFBFFFB0FA71C591FE54F874" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">J. L. Marcelo-Peña et al. 6568</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B965EADEFFBFFFB0FE4CC5FCFE78F874" bold="true" box="[422,447,1994,2015]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">K.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Fruits with mature ovaries exceeding the hypanthia length (
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C114D4FFFBFFFB0FC12C5FDFBBDF874" box="[1016,1146,1994,2016]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Meriania" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sanguinea">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B965EADEFFBFFFB0FC12C5FDFBBDF874" box="[1016,1146,1994,2016]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. sanguinea</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B965EADEFFBFFFB0FB6CC5FDFA5AF874" box="[1158,1437,1994,2016]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">F. A. Michelangeli et al. 2743</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B965EADEFFBFFFB0FF62C5D8FF59F7A8" bold="true" box="[136,158,2030,2051]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">L.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Fruits with mature ovaries completely concealed by the hypanthia (
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C114D4FFFBFFFB0FCC3C5D9FC6BF7AF" box="[809,940,2031,2052]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Meriania" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tomentosa">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B965EADEFFBFFFB0FCC3C5D9FC6BF7AF" box="[809,940,2031,2052]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. tomentosa</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B965EADEFFBFFFB0FC52C5D9FB14F7A8" box="[952,1235,2030,2052]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">F. A. Michelangeli et al. 1799</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
). Photos by Rainer W. Bussmann (A); Robin Fernandez-Hilario (B–G and I–J); and Fabián A. Michelangeli (H, K and L).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</caption>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="C30B6547FFBEFFB1FF57C2A8FC19FE1F" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="distribution">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAE36CCFFBEFFB1FF57C2A8FC19FE1F" blockId="7.[136,1452,158,437]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B965EADEFFBEFFB1FF57C2A8FDC3FF13" bold="true" box="[189,516,158,184]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Distribution and habitat:—</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F306765CFFBEFFB1FDEEC2A9FDF0FF12" box="[516,567,159,185]" name="Peru" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
presents 36 species of
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B965EADEFFBEFFB1FCDCC2A9FC62FF13" box="[822,933,159,184]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C114D4FFFBEFFB1FCDCC2A9FC66FF13" box="[822,929,159,184]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Meriania" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Meriania</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
of which 25 are endemic. Twenty-four species were found in northern
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F306765CFFBEFFB1FE7AC2F5FE04FF76" box="[400,451,195,221]" name="Peru" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
within the Amotape-Huancabamba Zone (see
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B3DFFBEFFB1FC20C2F4FBA8FF77" author="Weigend, M." box="[970,1135,194,220]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="38 - 54" refId="ref57096" refString="Weigend, M. (2002) Observations on the biogeography of the Amotape-Huancabamba Zone in northern Peru. The Botanical Reviews 68: 38 - 54. https: // doi. org / 10.1663 / 0006 - 8101 (2002) 068 [0038: OOTBOT] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2002">Weigend 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B3DFFBEFFB1FB93C2F4FA63FF77" author="Tejedor, A. & Calatayud, G." box="[1145,1444,194,220]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 17" refId="ref56130" refString="Tejedor, A. & Calatayud, G. (2022) Tree ferns from northern Peru: confirmation of the Amotape-Huancabamba Zone as a unique biotic hotspot in the tropical Andes. Brittonia 74: 1 - 17. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12228 - 021 - 09687 - 4" type="journal article" year="2022">Tejedor & Calatayud 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) (Table 1), which holds the highest species richness in
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F306765CFFBEFFB1FD04C2D1FCE2FEAA" box="[750,805,231,257]" name="Peru" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
. The departments with the highest number of species are Amazonas (18 species),
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="49D5F82EFFBEFFB1FE74C33CFDD1FE8F" box="[414,534,266,292]" country="Peru" name="Cajamarca" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cajamarca</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
(11 species) and
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="49D5F82EFFBEFFB1FD35C33CFC9AFE8F" box="[735,861,266,292]" country="Peru" name="San Martin" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">San Martín</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
(9 species) (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="132A2A49FFBEFFB1FC1AC33CFB93FE8F" box="[1008,1108,266,292]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[136,229,1101,1123]" captionTargetBox="[152,1433,195,1075]" captionTargetId="figure-18@11.[150,1434,193,1077]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Map with the locations of the examined Meriania specimens in this treatment (left), and map with species richness showing the most diverse grids in red (right). Departmental abbreviations: AM (Amazonas), AN (Ancash), AP (Apurímac), AR (Arequipa), AY (Ayacucho), CA (Cajamarca), CU (Cusco), HU (Huánuco), HV (Huancavelica), IC (Ica), JU (Junín), LA (Lambayeque), LI (Lima), LL (La Libertad), LO (Loreto), MD (Madre de Dios), MO (Moquegua), PA (Pasco), PI (Piura), PU (Puno), SM (San Martín), TA (Tacna), TU (Tumbes) and UC (Ucayali)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8142008" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8142008/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figure 7</figureCitation>
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). Most species have restricted distributions, and only four species (
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D4FFFBEFFB1FDC1C319FD4BFEE3" box="[555,652,302,328]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Meriania" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="neilli">
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<emphasis id="B965EADEFFBEFFB1FDC1C319FD4BFEE3" box="[555,652,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">M. neilli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D4FFFBEFFB1FD71C319FCC9FEE3" box="[667,782,302,328]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Meriania" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="radula">
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<emphasis id="B965EADEFFBEFFB1FD71C319FCC9FEE3" box="[667,782,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">M. radula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D4FFFBEFFB1FCF7C319FC70FEE3" box="[797,951,303,328]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Meriania" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sanguinea">
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<emphasis id="B965EADEFFBEFFB1FCF7C319FC70FEE3" box="[797,951,303,328]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">M. sanguinea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D4FFFBEFFB1FC18C319FB4BFEE3" box="[1010,1164,303,328]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Meriania" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tomentosa">
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<emphasis id="B965EADEFFBEFFB1FC18C319FB4BFEE3" box="[1010,1164,303,328]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">M. tomentosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) occur in more than five departments. The Peruvian species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D4FFFBEFFB1FDDBC365FD5EFEC7" box="[561,665,339,364]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Meriania" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B965EADEFFBEFFB1FDDBC365FD5EFEC7" box="[561,665,339,364]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Meriania</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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grow mainly in the eastern flanks of the Andes in premontane forests, montane forests, elfin forests and subparamos at
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<quantity id="4CE99B29FFBEFFB1FD53C340FC8DFE3A" box="[697,842,374,401]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.925" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="0.35" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="1925.0" valueMax="3500.0" valueMin="350.0">350–3500 m</quantity>
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, but two species (
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D4FFFBEFFB1FBF1C341FB0DFE3B" box="[1051,1226,374,400]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Meriania" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="escalerensis">
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<emphasis id="B965EADEFFBEFFB1FBF1C341FB0DFE3B" box="[1051,1226,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">M. escalerensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D4FFFBEFFB1FAEEC341FA65FE3B" box="[1284,1442,374,400]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Meriania" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microflora">
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<emphasis id="B965EADEFFBEFFB1FAEEC341FA65FE3B" box="[1284,1442,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">M. microflora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) grow in the sub-Andean cordilleras (Andean Tepuis sensu
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<bibRefCitation id="EF804B3DFFBEFFB1FCFDC3ACFC15FE1F" author="Neill, D. A. & Rios, M. & Torres, L. & Mori, T. J. & Vriesendop, C." box="[791,978,410,436]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="292 - 311" refId="ref55501" refString="Neill, D. A., Rios, M., Torres, L., Mori, T. J. & Vriesendop, C. (2014) Vegetation and Flora. In: Pitman, N., Vriesendorp, C., Alvira, D., Markel, J. A., Johnston, M., Ruelas, E., Lancha, A, Sarmiento, G., Alvarez-Loayza, P., Homan, J., Wachter, T., del Campo, A., Stotz, D. F. & Heilpern, S. (Eds.) Peru: Cerros de Kampankis. Rapid Biological and Social Inventories Report no. 24, Chicago, pp. 292 - 311." type="journal article" year="2014">
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Neill
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<emphasis id="B965EADEFFBEFFB1FCBCC3ADFC48FE1F" box="[854,911,410,436]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
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2014
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document>
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