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<document id="EFC58985CCA4D74A72113522DBD0FD2C" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5376089" ID-ISSN="1638-9395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5376089" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630280412035" checkinUser="marcus" docAuthor="Racheboeuf, Patrick, Phuong, Ta Hoa, Hung, Nguyen Huu, Feist, Monique &amp; Janvier, Philippe" docDate="2006" docId="038E87AEE77E832CFC85E289FDFC75D6" docLanguage="en" docName="Geodiversitas.2006.28.1.5-36.pdf" docOrigin="Geodiversitas 28 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:94524207C6714CF92F879FE43E306202.3:Geodiversitas.2000-2008.journal_article.type2" docStyleId="94524207C6714CF92F879FE43E306202" docStyleName="Geodiversitas.2000-2008.journal_article.type2" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Holynetes caurongensis Racheboeuf &amp; Phuong &amp; Hung &amp; Feist &amp; Janvier 2006, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="30" masterDocId="FFB7FFD6E7698335FF8AE762FFC9773B" masterDocTitle="Brachiopods, crustaceans, vertebrates, and charophytes from the Devonian Ly Hoa, Nam Can and Dong Tho formations of Central Vietnam" masterLastPageNumber="36" masterPageNumber="5" pageNumber="28" updateTime="1699211678212" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0">
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<mods:title id="8A48097FC64B5DD2A9178A3039961F77">Brachiopods, crustaceans, vertebrates, and charophytes from the Devonian Ly Hoa, Nam Can and Dong Tho formations of Central Vietnam</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9131221356CCDB3ECFA0DC2E77AFCFE7">Racheboeuf, Patrick</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="620411A1686BF83A950BDB9D2206025F">UMR 6538 du CNRS, Laboratoire de Paléontologie, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, avenue Le Gorgeu, BP 809, F- 29285 Brest cedex (France)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="1EA34A694A513EBABBC3E6F9761A5EFB">Phuong, Ta Hoa</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="1B6CE5F71357320986FF8F241C744ACA">Departement of Geology, Vietnam National University at Hanoi, 334 Nguyên Trai str., Thanh Xuanh, Ha Noi (Vietnam)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="00A492DD84AFFB68AFC6A7C0A2E4297B">Hung, Nguyen Huu</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="E76BBA7857BC0C82ECF52346F419EE6D">Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Thanh Xuanh, Ha Noi (Vietnam)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E86EB2771361680BB62636F904E8B3AA">Feist, Monique</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="0781728CD7A393422526E9AE8CD73A26">Laboratoire de Paléontologie, Institut des Sciences de l’Évolution, Université Montpellier II, place Eugène Bataillon, F- 34095 Montpellier cedex 05 (France)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="1375DC1C42A4BBF7262175AAE10323CA">Janvier, Philippe</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="04B4964AA581FF3BAEC93ADD028A3E03">UMR 5143 du CNRS, Département Histoire de la Terre, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, CP 38, 57 rue Cuvier, F- 75231 Paris cedex 05 (France) and Palaeontology Department, The Natural History Museum, London SW 7 5 BD (United Kingdom) janvier @ mnhn. fr</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="B3820BA058A0DB744E71ECAB7621BC08">Geodiversitas</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="C5E6BD4D7F0B0A4984E4292F7C5BD6C2">2006</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="9A06A0BC285842D9B745F18D4BE6014B">28</mods:number>
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<treatment id="038E87AEE77E832CFC85E289FDFC75D6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038E87AEE77E832CFC85E289FDFC75D6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038E87AEE77E832CFC85E289FDFC75D6" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="23" pageNumber="28">
<subSubSection id="C33D6533E77E8322FC85E289FC3B711E" pageId="23" pageNumber="28" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9836B8E77E8322FC85E289FC3B711E" blockId="23.[783,1104,1514,1573]" pageId="23" pageNumber="28">
<heading id="D0D081D4E77E8322FC85E289FC3B711E" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="28" reason="2">
?
<taxonomicName id="4C274D3BE77E8322FC92E288FBC7713E" authority="Racheboeuf &amp; Phuong &amp; Hung &amp; Feist &amp; Janvier, 2006" authorityName="Racheboeuf &amp; Phuong &amp; Hung &amp; Feist &amp; Janvier" authorityYear="2006" box="[792,1038,1514,1541]" class="Strophomenata" family="Anopliidae" genus="Holynetes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strophomenida" pageId="23" pageNumber="28" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="caurongensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B953EAAAE77E8322FC92E288FBC7713E" bold="true" box="[792,1038,1514,1541]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="28">Holynetes caurongensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26057D1E77E8322FB9FE289FB99713E" box="[1045,1104,1515,1541]" pageId="23" pageNumber="28" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation id="131C2A3DE77E8322FCF9E168FC77711E" box="[883,958,1546,1573]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[113,124,1147,1164]" captionTargetBox="[170,1153,218,1095]" captionTargetId="figure-197@22.[114,1210,154,1201]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 18. — A-I, Corbicularia noongdensis n. sp.,middle part of the Nam Can Formation,Givetian-Frasnian,Noong De (Bactelemi) Pass, Ky Son District, Nghe An Province, Vietnam; A-C, three ventral valve interiors, latex casts (BT 231a, b and c, respectively); D, dorsal side of an articulated shell, latex cast (BT 231d); E-G, three ventral valve internal moulds (BT 231e, f and g, respectively); H, I, two dorsal valve interiors, latex cast and internal mould (BT 231h and i, respectively); J-O, Holynetes caurongensis n. sp., lower part of the Dong Tho Formation, Givetian, Cau Rong, Minh Hoa District, Quang Binh Province, Vietnam; J, ventral valve exterior, latex cast (BT 231j); K, L, dorsal side of two articulated shells, latex casts (BT 231k and l, respectively); M, ventral valve interior (BT 231m); N, O, two incomplete dorsal interiors, latex casts (BT 231n and o, respectively). Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5376128" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5376128/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="28">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
J-O)
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33D6533E77E8322FD2FE125FCF37142" pageId="23" pageNumber="28" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B9836B8E77E8322FD2FE125FCF37142" blockId="23.[677,1210,1607,1699]" pageId="23" pageNumber="28">
<materialsCitation id="3B4F3CE5E77E8322FD2FE125FCF37142" collectionCode="BT" pageId="23" pageNumber="28" specimenCode="BT 231" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="549C881AE77E8322FD2FE125FCC67166" box="[677,783,1607,1630]" pageId="23" pageNumber="28" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
. — External mould of a ventral valve (
<specimenCode id="DB819EC3E77E8322FB13E125FD057142" collectionCode="BT" pageId="23" pageNumber="28">BT 231</specimenCode>
j;
<figureCitation id="131C2A3DE77E8322FD54E103FCE77142" box="[734,814,1633,1657]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[113,124,1147,1164]" captionTargetBox="[170,1153,218,1095]" captionTargetId="figure-197@22.[114,1210,154,1201]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 18. — A-I, Corbicularia noongdensis n. sp.,middle part of the Nam Can Formation,Givetian-Frasnian,Noong De (Bactelemi) Pass, Ky Son District, Nghe An Province, Vietnam; A-C, three ventral valve interiors, latex casts (BT 231a, b and c, respectively); D, dorsal side of an articulated shell, latex cast (BT 231d); E-G, three ventral valve internal moulds (BT 231e, f and g, respectively); H, I, two dorsal valve interiors, latex cast and internal mould (BT 231h and i, respectively); J-O, Holynetes caurongensis n. sp., lower part of the Dong Tho Formation, Givetian, Cau Rong, Minh Hoa District, Quang Binh Province, Vietnam; J, ventral valve exterior, latex cast (BT 231j); K, L, dorsal side of two articulated shells, latex casts (BT 231k and l, respectively); M, ventral valve interior (BT 231m); N, O, two incomplete dorsal interiors, latex casts (BT 231n and o, respectively). Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5376128" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5376128/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="28">Fig. 18J</figureCitation>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33D6533E77E832DFD2FE1E9FDF57604" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="23" pageNumber="28" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B9836B8E77E8322FD2FE1E9FB517198" blockId="23.[677,1210,1607,1699]" box="[677,1176,1675,1699]" pageId="23" pageNumber="28">
ETYMOLOGY. — From the
<typeStatus id="549C881AE77E8322FC21E1E9FC1C7198" box="[939,981,1675,1699]" pageId="23" pageNumber="28">type</typeStatus>
locality, Cau Rong.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9836B8E771832DFFFBE7BAFDF57604" blockId="24.[113,647,216,320]" pageId="24" pageNumber="29">
LOCALITY AND AGE. — Cau Rong, Minh Hoa district,
<collectingRegion id="49E3F85AE771832DFFFBE790FE8D7631" box="[113,324,242,266]" country="Vietnam" name="Quang Binh" pageId="24" pageNumber="29">Quang Binh Province</collectingRegion>
, Central
<collectingCountry id="F3307628E771832DFE10E790FE3B7631" box="[410,498,242,266]" name="Vietnam" pageId="24" pageNumber="29">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
. Outcrop along the road between Qui Dat and Ly Hoa. Lower part of the Dong Tho Formation, Givetian (
<figureCitation id="131C2A3DE771832DFE52E645FDF97604" box="[472,560,295,319]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="19.[113,124,1410,1427]" captionTargetBox="[134,1205,223,1357]" captionTargetId="figure-19@19.[113,1209,203,1377]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIG. 17. — Locality map: A, Muong Xen area, Nghe An Province (MX 1, brachiopod locality of Noong De Pass); B, Quy Dat and Cau Rong areas, Quang Binh Province (CR1, antiarch and charophyte-bearing locality of Cau Rong; CR2, brachiopod-bearing locality of Cau Rong; BN1, brachiopod locality of Ba Nuong)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5376126" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5376126/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="29">Fig. 17B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33D6533E771832DFFFBE635FD827685" pageId="24" pageNumber="29" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B9836B8E771832DFFFBE635FD827685" blockId="24.[113,646,343,446]" pageId="24" pageNumber="29">
MATERIAL EXAMINED. — 48 decalcified isolated internal and external moulds of both valves, and external moulds of articulated shells, most of them tectonically distorted (some specimens are illustrated in
<figureCitation id="131C2A3DE771832DFE4AE6C4FDD57685" box="[448,540,422,446]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[113,124,1147,1164]" captionTargetBox="[170,1153,218,1095]" captionTargetId="figure-197@22.[114,1210,154,1201]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 18. — A-I, Corbicularia noongdensis n. sp.,middle part of the Nam Can Formation,Givetian-Frasnian,Noong De (Bactelemi) Pass, Ky Son District, Nghe An Province, Vietnam; A-C, three ventral valve interiors, latex casts (BT 231a, b and c, respectively); D, dorsal side of an articulated shell, latex cast (BT 231d); E-G, three ventral valve internal moulds (BT 231e, f and g, respectively); H, I, two dorsal valve interiors, latex cast and internal mould (BT 231h and i, respectively); J-O, Holynetes caurongensis n. sp., lower part of the Dong Tho Formation, Givetian, Cau Rong, Minh Hoa District, Quang Binh Province, Vietnam; J, ventral valve exterior, latex cast (BT 231j); K, L, dorsal side of two articulated shells, latex casts (BT 231k and l, respectively); M, ventral valve interior (BT 231m); N, O, two incomplete dorsal interiors, latex casts (BT 231n and o, respectively). Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5376128" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5376128/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="29">Figure 18</figureCitation>
J-O)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33D6533E771832DFFFBE6B4FE8E75B7" pageId="24" pageNumber="29" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B9836B8E771832DFFFBE6B4FE8E75B7" blockId="24.[113,647,470,653]" pageId="24" pageNumber="29">
DIAGNOSIS. — Three orthomorph perpendicular spines on the right side of the shell only; costellae originating by bifurcation on ventral valve, and by intercalation on dorsal valve; costellae number 11-14 per
<quantity id="4CDF9B5DE771832DFD8EE547FD887506" box="[516,577,549,573]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
; dorsal valve interior with stout isolated endospines, deep and large cardinal process pit, and poorly developed (or absent?) accessory septa.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33D6533E771832DFFFBE5D6FDB57198" pageId="24" pageNumber="29" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9836B8E771832DFFFBE5D6FECB75F7" blockId="24.[113,647,692,1700]" box="[113,258,692,718]" pageId="24" pageNumber="29">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9836B8E771832DFFFBE5B1FE8D72BD" blockId="24.[113,647,692,1700]" pageId="24" pageNumber="29">
Shell small and transverse in outline (maximum width: 8.0 mm; corresponding length: 5.6 mm), with maximum width at hinge line. Shell concavoconvex with longitudinal profile of ventral valve regularly, and markedly arched. Posterolateral branches of commissures at about 90° to hinge line. Length/width ratio decreasing with growth from 0.83 (ventral valve 1.7 mm long) to about 0.65 for ventral valves more than 4.5 mm long. Ventral interarea apsacline and dorsal one hypercline; both interareas flat and lying in the same plane. Small but prominent pseudodeltidium and chilidium.Ornament of narrow, rounded and relatively high radial ribs with intervals of the same width. Costellae originating by bifurcation on ventral valve, and by intercalation on dorsal valve. A ventral valve (4.8 mm long) exhibits a total of 55 costellae along the commissure, eight of them originating by bifurcation; costellae number 11-14 per
<quantity id="4CDF9B5DE771832DFF10E26FFF13721C" box="[154,218,1293,1319]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
at anterior margin. Spines orthomorph, high-angled (about 90°), on the right side of the shell only, respectively at 0.2 mm, 0.7 mm and 2.5 mm from beak.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9836B8E771832DFF02E2EEFE32717E" blockId="24.[113,647,692,1700]" pageId="24" pageNumber="29">Ventral valve interior with a short and thin myophragm, not overpassing one-fourth the valve length. Teeth and muscle field not observed. Visceral cavity with scarce, isolated, relatively strong endospines in its posterolateral parts. Periphery of the valve impressed by the external ornament.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9836B8E771832DFF02E128FDB57198" blockId="24.[113,647,692,1700]" pageId="24" pageNumber="29">Dorsal valve interior with deep cardinal process pit and relatively stout, elongated and rounded inner socket ridges. Other characters are not observed.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33D6533E771832DFD2FE7BAFCBD75B5" pageId="24" pageNumber="29" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B9836B8E771832DFD2FE7BAFCEF77CB" blockId="24.[677,1210,216,1066]" box="[677,806,216,242]" pageId="24" pageNumber="29">DISCUSSION</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9836B8E771832DFD2FE79AFCBD75B5" blockId="24.[677,1210,216,1066]" pageId="24" pageNumber="29">
Because of the poor development, or of the possible absence of accessory septa, this new species is only tentatively assigned to the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C274D3BE771832DFBC5E655FB7B766A" authorityName="Havlicek &amp; Racheboeuf" authorityYear="1979" box="[1103,1202,311,337]" class="Strophomenata" family="Anopliidae" genus="Holynetes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strophomenida" pageId="24" pageNumber="29" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B953EAAAE771832DFBC5E655FB7B766A" box="[1103,1202,311,337]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="29">Holynetes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, among Eifelian representatives of the genus,
<taxonomicName id="4C274D3BE771832DFD72E615FD17768B" authority="Havlicek &amp; Racheboeuf, 1979" authorityName="Havlicek &amp; Racheboeuf" authorityYear="1979" class="Strophomenata" family="Anopliidae" genus="Holynetes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strophomenida" pageId="24" pageNumber="29" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="holynensis">
<emphasis id="B953EAAAE771832DFD72E615FC4776AB" box="[760,910,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="29">H. holynensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B49E771832DFC12E614FD17768B" author="HAVLICEK V. &amp; RACHEBOEUF P." pageId="24" pageNumber="29" pagination="69 - 138" refId="ref15553" refString="HAVLICEK V. &amp; RACHEBOEUF P. 1979. - Chonetacea (Brachiopodes) du Silurien et du Devonien de Boheme (Tchecoslovaquie). Annales de Paleontologie, Invertebres 65 (2): 69 - 138." type="journal article" year="1979">Havliček &amp; Racheboeuf, 1979</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from the
<collectingCountry id="F3307628E771832DFCC0E6F4FC30768B" box="[842,1017,406,432]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="24" pageNumber="29">Czech Republic</collectingCountry>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C274D3BE771832DFBB9E6F5FD1D76F4" authorityName="Havlicek &amp; Racheboeuf" authorityYear="1979" class="Strophomenata" family="Anopliidae" genus="Holynetes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strophomenida" pageId="24" pageNumber="29" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="holynensis">
<emphasis id="B953EAAAE771832DFBB9E6F5FB81768B" box="[1075,1096,407,432]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="29">H</emphasis>
. cf.
<emphasis id="B953EAAAE771832DFBFDE6F4FD1D76F4" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="29">holynensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F3307628E771832DFC99E6D7FC9A76F4" box="[787,851,437,463]" name="Spain" pageId="24" pageNumber="29">Spain</collectingCountry>
, exhibit variably developed, often hardly perceptible accessory septa (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B49E771832DFBB9E6B7FCA47534" author="HAVLICEK V. &amp; RACHEBOEUF P." pageId="24" pageNumber="29" pagination="69 - 138" refId="ref15553" refString="HAVLICEK V. &amp; RACHEBOEUF P. 1979. - Chonetacea (Brachiopodes) du Silurien et du Devonien de Boheme (Tchecoslovaquie). Annales de Paleontologie, Invertebres 65 (2): 69 - 138." type="journal article" year="1979">Havliček &amp; Racheboeuf 1979</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B49E771832DFCF1E697FB8C7534" author="RACHEBOEUF P. R." box="[891,1093,501,527]" pageId="24" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 294" refId="ref16926" refString="RACHEBOEUF P. R. 1981. - Chonetaces (Brachiopodes) siluriens et devoniens du Sud-ouest de l'Europe. Memoires de la Societe geologique et mineralogique de Bretagne 27: 1 - 294." type="journal article" year="1981">Racheboeuf 1981</bibRefCitation>
). The lack of complete, well preserved dorsal interiors of the specimens from
<collectingCountry id="F3307628E771832DFC00E556FC237575" box="[906,1002,564,590]" name="Vietnam" pageId="24" pageNumber="29">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
precludes definite statement about the real lack of accessory septa in the new species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33D6533E771832DFD31E5F1FC8E735C" pageId="24" pageNumber="29" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B9836B8E771832DFD31E5F1FBDC7312" blockId="24.[677,1210,216,1066]" pageId="24" pageNumber="29">
?
<taxonomicName id="4C274D3BE771832DFD4EE5F1FC787596" authority="Racheboeuf &amp; Phuong &amp; Hung &amp; Feist &amp; Janvier, 2006" authorityName="Racheboeuf &amp; Phuong &amp; Hung &amp; Feist &amp; Janvier" authorityYear="2006" box="[708,945,659,685]" class="Strophomenata" family="Anopliidae" genus="Holynetes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strophomenida" pageId="24" pageNumber="29" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="caurongensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B953EAAAE771832DFD4EE5F1FC787596" box="[708,945,659,685]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="29">Holynetes caurongensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26057D1E771832DFC30E5F6FC317595" box="[954,1016,660,686]" pageId="24" pageNumber="29" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
closely resembles
<taxonomicName id="4C274D3BE771832DFD2FE5D6FBC175F6" authority="Racheboeuf, 1981" authorityName="Racheboeuf" authorityYear="1981" box="[677,1032,691,717]" class="Strophomenata" family="Anopliidae" genus="Holynetes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strophomenida" pageId="24" pageNumber="29" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="stephaniae">
<emphasis id="B953EAAAE771832DFD2FE5D6FCFC75F6" box="[677,821,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="29">H. stephaniae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B49E771832DFCB4E5D1FBC175F6" author="RACHEBOEUF P. R." box="[830,1032,691,717]" pageId="24" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 294" refId="ref16926" refString="RACHEBOEUF P. R. 1981. - Chonetaces (Brachiopodes) siluriens et devoniens du Sud-ouest de l'Europe. Memoires de la Societe geologique et mineralogique de Bretagne 27: 1 - 294." type="journal article" year="1981">Racheboeuf, 1981</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(Givetian, Kersadiou Formation, western Massif Armoricain,
<collectingCountry id="F3307628E771832DFD2FE591FD3A7436" box="[677,755,755,781]" name="France" pageId="24" pageNumber="29">France</collectingCountry>
) in size, shape, outline, and ornament. However
<taxonomicName id="4C274D3BE771832DFC80E471FC5E7417" authorityName="Racheboeuf" authorityYear="1981" box="[778,919,786,812]" class="Strophomenata" family="Anopliidae" genus="Holynetes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strophomenida" pageId="24" pageNumber="29" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="stephaniae">
<emphasis id="B953EAAAE771832DFC80E471FC5E7417" box="[778,919,786,812]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="29">H. stephaniae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
bears a unique spine on the right side of the shell, and it exhibits a pair of well developed, long and blade-like accessory septa. The new species can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C274D3BE771832DFBBEE410FB7074B0" authorityName="Havlicek &amp; Racheboeuf" authorityYear="1979" box="[1076,1209,881,907]" class="Strophomenata" family="Anopliidae" genus="Holynetes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strophomenida" pageId="24" pageNumber="29" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="holynensis">
<emphasis id="B953EAAAE771832DFBBEE410FB7074B0" box="[1076,1209,881,907]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="29">H. holynensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the presence of three spines instead of two in the latter, as well as by its ornament; in
<taxonomicName id="4C274D3BE771832DFBA5E4D3FB7074F1" authorityName="Havlicek &amp; Racheboeuf" authorityYear="1979" box="[1071,1209,944,970]" class="Strophomenata" family="Anopliidae" genus="Holynetes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strophomenida" pageId="24" pageNumber="29" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="holynensis">
<emphasis id="B953EAAAE771832DFBA5E4D3FB7074F1" box="[1071,1209,944,970]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="29">H. holynensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ventral radial ribs increase both by intercalation and bifurcation on the ventral valve, and mostly by bifurcation on the dorsal valve.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9836B8E771832DFD2FE32DFC8E735C" blockId="24.[677,1210,1103,1446]" box="[677,839,1103,1129]" pageId="24" pageNumber="29">ENVIRONMENT</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33D6533E771832DFD2FE30DFC72729D" pageId="24" pageNumber="29" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9836B8E771832DFD2FE30DFC72729D" blockId="24.[677,1210,1103,1446]" pageId="24" pageNumber="29">
In its
<typeStatus id="549C881AE771832DFD69E30DFCD873B2" box="[739,785,1135,1161]" pageId="24" pageNumber="29">type</typeStatus>
locality,?
<taxonomicName id="4C274D3BE771832DFCF0E30CFBA873B3" authority="Racheboeuf &amp; Phuong &amp; Hung &amp; Feist &amp; Janvier, 2006" authorityName="Racheboeuf &amp; Phuong &amp; Hung &amp; Feist &amp; Janvier" authorityYear="2006" box="[890,1121,1134,1160]" class="Strophomenata" family="Anopliidae" genus="Holynetes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strophomenida" pageId="24" pageNumber="29" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="caurongensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B953EAAAE771832DFCF0E30CFBA873B3" box="[890,1121,1134,1160]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="29">Holynetes caurongensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26057D1E771832DFBE2E30DFB6A73B2" box="[1128,1187,1135,1161]" pageId="24" pageNumber="29" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is only associated with locally abundant dacryoconarids (homoctenids), bivalves (aviculopectinids) and rare, small, smooth ostracods. The pink colour of the sediment is due to weathering. Originally, it probably consisted of dark to black shale and silty shale. The faunal assemblage is suggestive of a relatively deep benthic assemblage position, corresponding to the benthic assemblages BA3 or BA
<quantity id="4CDF9B5DE771832DFB27E20EFD72729D" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="24" pageNumber="29" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity>
an outer shelf position.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33D6533E771832CFD2FE2AEFDFC75D6" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="24" pageNumber="29" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B9836B8E771832DFD2FE2AEFC8972DF" blockId="24.[677,1210,1484,1699]" box="[677,832,1484,1510]" pageId="24" pageNumber="29">DISTRIBUTION</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9836B8E771832CFD2FE289FEAB75B5" blockId="24.[677,1210,1484,1699]" lastBlockId="25.[113,647,216,654]" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="24" pageNumber="29">
To date,?
<taxonomicName id="4C274D3BE771832DFC93E289FBDF713F" authority="Racheboeuf &amp; Phuong &amp; Hung &amp; Feist &amp; Janvier, 2006" authorityName="Racheboeuf &amp; Phuong &amp; Hung &amp; Feist &amp; Janvier" authorityYear="2006" box="[793,1046,1515,1541]" class="Strophomenata" family="Anopliidae" genus="Holynetes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strophomenida" pageId="24" pageNumber="29" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="caurongensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B953EAAAE771832DFC93E289FBDF713F" box="[793,1046,1515,1541]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="29">Holynetes caurongensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26057D1E771832DFBAAE289FBAB713E" box="[1056,1122,1515,1541]" pageId="24" pageNumber="29" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is only known from the Givetian of Central
<collectingCountry id="F3307628E771832DFBDBE168FB7F711F" box="[1105,1206,1546,1572]" name="Vietnam" pageId="24" pageNumber="29">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
. The genus
<taxonomicName id="4C274D3BE771832DFC90E148FCB7717F" authorityName="Havlicek &amp; Racheboeuf" authorityYear="1979" box="[794,894,1578,1604]" class="Strophomenata" family="Anopliidae" genus="Holynetes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strophomenida" pageId="24" pageNumber="29" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B953EAAAE771832DFC90E148FCB7717F" box="[794,894,1578,1604]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="29">Holynetes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is currently known from the Eifelian of the
<collectingCountry id="F3307628E771832DFCDFE128FBC2715F" box="[853,1035,1610,1636]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="24" pageNumber="29">Czech Republic</collectingCountry>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C274D3BE771832DFB94E129FB7B715F" authorityName="Havlicek &amp; Racheboeuf" authorityYear="1979" box="[1054,1202,1610,1636]" class="Strophomenata" family="Anopliidae" genus="Holynetes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strophomenida" pageId="24" pageNumber="29" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="holynensis">
<emphasis id="B953EAAAE771832DFB94E129FB7B715F" box="[1054,1202,1610,1636]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="29">H. holynensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; Choteč limestone, Pinacites jugleri Horizon) and the Eifelian-Givetian of the Massif Armoricain,
<collectingCountry id="F3307628E770832CFFFBE7BAFF7577C9" box="[113,188,216,242]" name="France" pageId="25" pageNumber="30">France</collectingCountry>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C274D3BE770832CFF45E7BBFEAE77C9" box="[207,359,216,242]" class="Strophomenata" family="Anopliidae" genus="Holynetes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strophomenida" pageId="25" pageNumber="30" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="musculosus">
<emphasis id="B953EAAAE770832CFF45E7BBFF2D77C9" box="[207,228,217,242]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="30">H</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B953EAAAE770832CFF79E7BAFEAE77C9" box="[243,359,216,242]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="30">musculosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; Saint-Fiacre Formation, Eifelian, Costatus costatus conodont Zone, and
<taxonomicName id="4C274D3BE770832CFFFBE67AFEC1760A" authorityName="Racheboeuf" authorityYear="1981" box="[113,264,279,306]" class="Strophomenata" family="Anopliidae" genus="Holynetes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strophomenida" pageId="25" pageNumber="30" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="stephaniae">
<emphasis id="B953EAAAE770832CFFFBE67AFF4F760A" box="[113,134,280,305]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="30">H</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B953EAAAE770832CFF12E675FEC1760A" box="[152,264,279,305]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="30">stephaniae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; Kersadiou Formation, Givetian, Varcus conodont zone;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B49E770832CFEF5E655FF66764A" author="LETHIERS F. &amp; RACHEBOEUF P. R." pageId="25" pageNumber="30" pagination="595 - 607" refId="ref15859" refString="LETHIERS F. &amp; RACHEBOEUF P. R. 1999. - Les ostracodes de la Formation de Kersadiou (Givetien du Massif Armoricain): biostratigraphie et paleoecologie. Geobios 26 (5): 595 - 607." type="journal article" year="1999">Lethiers &amp; Racheboeuf 1999</bibRefCitation>
). In Spain,
<taxonomicName id="4C274D3BE770832CFEBDE635FE24764B" authorityName="Havlicek &amp; Racheboeuf" authorityYear="1979" box="[311,493,342,369]" class="Strophomenata" family="Anopliidae" genus="Holynetes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strophomenida" pageId="25" pageNumber="30" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="holynensis">
<emphasis id="B953EAAAE770832CFEBDE635FE85764B" box="[311,332,343,368]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="30">H</emphasis>
. cf.
<emphasis id="B953EAAAE770832CFE08E634FE24764B" box="[386,493,342,368]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="30">holynensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was reported from the Gustalapiedra Formation of Palencia and from the Moyuela and Barreras formations of the Iberian Chains, i.e. in upper Eifelian to lower Givetian beds (Garcia-Alcalde
<emphasis id="B953EAAAE770832CFD89E6B4FDF976D4" box="[515,560,469,495]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="30">et al</emphasis>
. 2000). Outside Europe, the genus was reported from the Lower Devonian of
<collectingRegion id="49E3F85AE770832CFE0EE577FE2E7514" box="[388,487,533,559]" country="China" name="Guangxi" pageId="25" pageNumber="30">Guangxi</collectingRegion>
, South
<collectingCountry id="F3307628E770832CFDCBE577FD4F7514" box="[577,646,533,559]" name="China" pageId="25" pageNumber="30">China</collectingCountry>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C274D3BE770832CFFF1E557FE4E7574" authority=", Zlichovian" authorityName="Zlichovian" box="[123,391,564,591]" class="Strophomenata" family="Anopliidae" genus="Holynetes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strophomenida" pageId="25" pageNumber="30" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="abnormis">
<emphasis id="B953EAAAE770832CFFF1E557FEC97575" box="[123,256,564,590]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="30">H. abnormis</emphasis>
, Zlichovian
</taxonomicName>
) by
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B49E770832CFE3FE556FD487575" author="VOGEL K. &amp; XU H. K. &amp; LANGENSTRASSEN F." box="[437,641,564,591]" pageId="25" pageNumber="30" pagination="17 - 59" refId="ref17494" refString="VOGEL K., XU H. K. &amp; LANGENSTRASSEN F. 1989. - Brachiopods and their relation to facies development in the Lower and Middle Devonian of Nandan, Guangxi, South China. Courrier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 110: 17 - 59." type="journal article" year="1989">
Vogel
<emphasis id="B953EAAAE770832CFE73E557FDEF7575" box="[505,550,564,590]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="30">et al</emphasis>
. (1989)
</bibRefCitation>
, but this generic assignment, although probable, remains questionable.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9836B8E770832CFF49E5B1FDFC75D6" blockId="25.[167,592,723,844]" box="[195,565,723,750]" pageId="25" pageNumber="30">
Family
<taxonomicName id="4C274D3BE770832CFE99E5B6FDFC75D6" authority="Bronn, 1862" authorityName="Bronn" authorityYear="1862" box="[275,565,723,750]" class="Strophomenata" family="Chonetidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strophomenida" pageId="25" pageNumber="30" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="family">CHONETIDAE Bronn, 1862</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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