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1020 lines
117 KiB
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<document id="760A2A0BCDF2189DA9BD0816C4F38B16" ID-CLB-Dataset="22422" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2015.120" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5fb91ffb-69b9-4e0f-9626-08d75ab0cba8" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3780152" ID-ZooBank="54714320-5726-44CB-8FF5-60E0B984873D" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1588343872265" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Boudinot, Brendon E." docDate="2015" docId="038E878CFFB4B145FDEAFBBCFB3019EB" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-2015-120.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 120" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Leptanillinae Emery 1910" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="33" masterDocId="FFB7FFF4FFA8B165FFB0FFEBFF941F34" masterDocTitle="Contributions to the knowledge of Formicidae (Hymenoptera, Aculeata): a new diagnosis of the family, the first global male-based key to subfamilies, and a treatment of early branching lineages" masterLastPageNumber="62" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="29" updateTime="1698838308357" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="13047D88FA76986EEA74943E10735A44">Contributions to the knowledge of Formicidae (Hymenoptera, Aculeata): a new diagnosis of the family, the first global male-based key to subfamilies, and a treatment of early branching lineages</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5F9F96BD841748A0F4F7D611EEADC6B1">Boudinot, Brendon E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="38A1DC8D0A9F7E3EDD6853965BEFD106">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="B4B497274E57F40A74441AA3D0120E6C">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="EF873213082C7C9B1631571E8D8075A9">
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<mods:date id="4841696554089ADC666E6E819E3C7587">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="0959DD0601576FAA804AC677C689E4CF">2015-04-20</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="7B1F7D5C2D86A64E0D7A809E286B7ACC">120</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="CCF31DDF24C12A05CCD5E9CAA8E591F7" type="DOI">10.5852/ejt.2015.120</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038E878CFFB4B145FDEAFBBCFB3019EB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3795073" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163879832" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3795073" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038E878CFFB4B145FDEAFBBCFB3019EB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038E878CFFB4B145FDEAFBBCFB3019EB" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<subSubSection id="C33D6511FFB4B179FDEAFBBCFBB11B45" box="[602,1061,1111,1138]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB4B179FDEAFBBCFBB11B45" blockId="28.[602,1061,1111,1173]" box="[602,1061,1111,1138]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<heading id="D0D081F6FFB4B179FDEAFBBCFBB11B45" box="[602,1061,1111,1138]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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Subfamily
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB4B179FD52FBBCFBB11B45" ID-CoL="JT8" authority="Emery, 1910" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1910" box="[738,1061,1111,1138]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Leptanillinae">
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<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB4B179FD52FBBCFC1C1B45" bold="true" box="[738,904,1111,1137]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Leptanillinae</emphasis>
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B6BFFB4B179FC20FBB3FBB11B45" author="Emery C." box="[912,1061,1111,1138]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 34" refId="ref31112" refString="Emery C. 1910. Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Dorylinae. Genera Insectorum 102: 1 - 34. http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / bibliography / 45481 # / summary" type="journal article" year="1910">Emery, 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
|
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</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection id="C33D6511FFB4B179FD59FB91FC021BA1" box="[745,918,1146,1173]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="description">
|
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<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB4B179FD59FB91FC021BA1" blockId="28.[602,1061,1111,1173]" box="[745,918,1146,1173]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
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<figureCitation id="131C2A1FFFB4B179FD59FB91FCD61BA1" box="[745,834,1146,1173]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[227,270,1790,1816]" captionTargetBox="[349,1305,302,1757]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[348,1305,302,1757]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 4. Male morphology. A–C. Abdominal sternum IX in ventral view. B. Oblique. D–E. Petiole in lateral view. F. Forewing in dorsal view. G–H. Propodeum in lateral view. — A. Aenictogiton indet. (Zambia, CASENT0106126, M. Branstetter). B. Cerapachys “parasyscia” lineage (Kenya, B. Boudinot). C. Emeryopone buttelreepeni (Thailand, CASENT0278779, B. Boudinot). D. Paraponera clavata (?Panama, B. Boudinot). E. Cerapachys lividus (Madagascar, CASENT0138502, D. Raharinjanahary). F. Phaulomyrma indet. (Thailand, UCRENT150358, A. Nobile). G. Leptanillinae indet. (Thailand, CASENT0156249, B. Boudinot); arrow indicates dorsal margin of petiolar foramen. H. Adelomyrmex dentivagans; arrow indicates propodeal lobe. All scale bars = 0.2 mm, except D–E = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3780158" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3780158/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Figs 4F</figureCitation>
|
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,
|
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<figureCitation id="131C2A1FFFB4B179FCFEFB91FCF91BA0" box="[846,877,1146,1172]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[227,270,1755,1781]" captionTargetBox="[340,1306,302,1722]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[340,1306,302,1722]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 6. Male morphology. A–B, E–G. Head capsule in frontal view. C–D. Mesosoma, lateral view. H–I. Petiole, ventrolateral view. — A. Probolomyrmex indet. (Madagascar, CASENT0080551, A. Nobile). B. Anochetus boltoni (Madagascar, CASENT0063847, A. Nobile). C. Leptanilloides gracilis (Guatemala, CASENT0234561, M. Borowiec). D. Odontomachus simillimus (Seychelles, CASENT0172666, A. Nobile). E. Platythyrea arthuri (Mayotte, CASENT0132466, E. Prado). F. Protanilla indet. (Thailand, CASENT0119776, A. Nobile). G. Stigmatomma indet. (Madagascar, CASENT0007087, E. Prado). H. Nothomyrmecia macrops (Australia, B. Boudinot). I. Neoponera cf. apicalis (Honduras, B. Boudinot). Scale bars: A, F–G= 0.1 mm, B = 0.2 mm, C = 0.25 mm, E, H–I = 0.5 mm, D = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3780160" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3780160/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">6F</figureCitation>
|
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,
|
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<figureCitation id="131C2A1FFFB4B179FCC9FB90FC021BA1" box="[889,918,1147,1173]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="31.[227,270,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[228,1436,601,1807]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[228,1436,601,1818]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Fig. 10. Representative males of Leptanillinae, lateral view A. Protanilla “TH01” (Thailand, CASENT0119776, A. Nobile), arrow indicates loss of abdominal segment II petiolation. B. Protanilla “TH03” (Thailand, CASENT0119791, E. Prado). C. Leptanilla swani (Australia, CASENT0172318, A. Nobile). D. Protanilla sp. (Indonesia, CASENT0178838, A. Nobile), arrow indicates basolateral basimeral process. E. Scyphodon sp. (Indonesia, MCZ155112w, A. Nobile). F. Noonilla sp., used with permission from Petersen (1968). Scale bars: A, C, E–F = 0.2 mm, D = 0.5 mm, B = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3780168" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3780168/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">10</figureCitation>
|
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</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection id="C33D6511FFB4B179FF53FB57FCCF1BE2" box="[227,859,1212,1238]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="type_taxon">
|
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<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB4B179FF53FB57FCCF1BE2" blockId="28.[227,859,1212,1238]" box="[227,859,1212,1238]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB4B179FF53FB57FDAD1BE2" ID-CoL="KXS" authority="Emery, 1910: 32" authorityName="Emery" authorityPageNumber="32" authorityYear="1910" box="[227,569,1212,1238]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Leptanillini">
|
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Leptanillini
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B6BFFB4B179FEC3FB57FDAD1BE2" author="Emery C." box="[371,569,1212,1238]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 34" refId="ref31112" refString="Emery C. 1910. Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Dorylinae. Genera Insectorum 102: 1 - 34. http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / bibliography / 45481 # / summary" type="journal article" year="1910">Emery, 1910: 32</bibRefCitation>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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. Type-genus:
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB4B179FD6BFB57FCC01BE2" ID-CoL="5CRR" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1870" box="[731,852,1212,1238]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
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<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB4B179FD6BFB57FCC01BE2" box="[731,852,1212,1238]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Leptanilla</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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.
|
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</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection id="C33D6511FFB4B179FF53FB16FCEB19BD" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="discussion">
|
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|
|
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB4B179FF53FB16FE8A1A23" blockId="28.[227,286,1277,1303]" box="[227,286,1277,1303]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
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|
|
<heading id="D0D081F6FFB4B179FF53FB16FE8A1A23" bold="true" box="[227,286,1277,1303]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" reason="3">
|
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<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB4B179FF53FB16FE8A1A23" bold="true" box="[227,286,1277,1303]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Note</emphasis>
|
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</heading>
|
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|
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</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB4B179FF53FAC7FA091A72" blockId="28.[227,1437,1324,1350]" box="[227,1437,1324,1350]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
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All diagnoses in the references below pertain to the tribe
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB4B179FCFCFAC7FC471A72" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1910" box="[844,979,1324,1350]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Leptanillini">Leptanillini</taxonomicName>
|
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; males of
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB4B179FB8CFAC7FA9C1A72" authorityName="Taylor" authorityYear="1990" box="[1084,1288,1324,1350]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Anomalomyrmini">Anomalomyrmini</taxonomicName>
|
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undescribed.
|
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</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB4B179FF53FA86FDCD1AB3" blockId="28.[227,601,1389,1415]" box="[227,601,1389,1415]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
|||
|
|
<heading id="D0D081F6FFB4B179FF53FA86FDCD1AB3" bold="true" box="[227,601,1389,1415]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" reason="3">
|
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<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB4B179FF53FA86FDCD1AB3" bold="true" box="[227,601,1389,1415]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Male references for subfamily</emphasis>
|
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</heading>
|
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</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB4B179FF53FA77FCEB19BD" blockId="28.[227,1436,1435,1674]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
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|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B6BFFB4B179FF53FA77FE591A82" author="Wheeler W. M." box="[227,461,1436,1462]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref33299" refString="Wheeler W. M. 1910. Ants: Their Structure, Development and Behavior. Columbia University Press, New York." type="book" year="1910">Wheeler 1910: 138</bibRefCitation>
|
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(diagnosis [
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB4B179FDD7FA77FD741A82" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1870" box="[615,736,1436,1462]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
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|
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<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB4B179FDD7FA77FD741A82" box="[615,736,1436,1462]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Leptanilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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|
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]);
|
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|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B6BFFB4B179FCB7FA77FB161A82" author="Wheeler G. C. & Wheeler E. W." box="[775,1154,1436,1462]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="193 - 201" refId="ref33181" refString="Wheeler G. C. & Wheeler E. W. 1930. Two new ants from Java. Psyche 37: 193 - 201." type="journal article" year="1930">Wheeler & Wheeler 1930: 193</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
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(diagnosis [
|
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|
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB4B179FAACFA77FA011A82" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1870" box="[1308,1429,1436,1462]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
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|
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<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB4B179FAACFA77FA011A82" box="[1308,1429,1436,1462]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Leptanilla</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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,
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB4B179FF53FA54FE1D1AED" authorityName="Wheeler & Wheeler" authorityYear="1930" box="[227,393,1471,1497]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Phaulomyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
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<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB4B179FF53FA54FE1D1AED" box="[227,393,1471,1497]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Phaulomyrma</emphasis>
|
|||
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
]);
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B6BFFB4B179FE00FA54FD1E1AED" author="Morley B. D. W." box="[432,650,1471,1497]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="114 - 118" refId="ref32129" refString="Morley B. D. W. 1939. The phylogeny of the Cerapachyinae, Dorylinae, and Leptanillinae (Hym. Formicidae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 44: 114 - 118." type="journal article" year="1939">Morley 1939: 114</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
(morphology comments);
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B6BFFB4B179FC7EFA2BFB091AED" author="Kutter H." box="[974,1181,1471,1498]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="286 - 295" refId="ref31809" refString="Kutter H. 1948. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Leptanillinae Hym. Formicidae. Eine neue Ameisengattung aus Sud-Indien. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft 21: 286 - 295." type="journal article" year="1948">Kutter 1948: 293</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
(diagnosis);
|
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|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B6BFFB4B179FA8EFA54FEC71AC8" author="Bernard F." pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref29725" refString="Bernard F. 1967 [1968]. Faune de l'Europe et du Bassin Mediterraneen. 3. Les fourmis Hymenoptera Formicidae d'Europe occidentale et septentrionale. Masson, Paris." type="book" year="1967">Bernard 1967: 90</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
(diagnosis [
|
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|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB4B179FE47FA09FDE41AC8" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1870" box="[503,624,1506,1532]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB4B179FE47FA09FDE41AC8" box="[503,624,1506,1532]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Leptanilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
]);
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B6BFFB4B179FD2BFA08FC1A1AC9" author="Petersen B." box="[667,910,1506,1533]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="577 - 598" refId="ref32319" refString="Petersen B. 1968. Some novelties in presumed males of Leptanillinae (Hym., Formicidae). Entomologiske Meddelelser 36: 577 - 598." type="journal article" year="1968">Petersen 1968: 577</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
(generic diagnoses, discussion);
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B6BFFB4B179FA87FA09FED91914" author="Gotwald W. H. Jr." pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="3 - 150" refId="ref31245" refString="Gotwald W. H. Jr. 1969. Comparative morphological studies of the ants, with particular reference to the mouthparts (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station 408: 3 - 150." type="journal article" year="1969">Gotwald 1969: 97</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
(mouthparts morphology);
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B6BFFB4B179FD2CF9EEFB971914" author="Wheeler G. C. & Wheeler J." box="[668,1027,1541,1568]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="35 - 45" refId="ref33240" refString="Wheeler G. C. & Wheeler J. 1972. The subfamilies of Formicidae. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 74: 35 - 45." type="journal article" year="1972">Wheeler & Wheeler 1972: 37</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
(diagnosis);
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B6BFFB4B179FB13F9EEFE9B1977" author="Baroni Urbani C." pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="427 - 488" refId="ref29599" refString="Baroni Urbani C. 1977. Materiali per una revisione della sottofamiglia Leptanillinae Emery Hymenoptera: Formicidae. Entomologica Basiliensia 2: 427 - 488." type="journal article" year="1977">Baroni Urbani 1977: 430</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
(diagnosis, generic diagnoses);
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B6BFFB4B179FD29F9C2FCE91976" author="Bolton B." box="[665,893,1576,1603]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="267 - 282" refId="ref29903" refString="Bolton B. 1990 b. The higher classification of the ant subfamily Leptanillinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Systematic Entomology 15: 267 - 282. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1990. tb 00063. x" type="journal article" year="1990">
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="49E3F878FFB4B179FD29F9C2FD7D1977" box="[665,745,1577,1603]" country="United Kingdom" name="Bolton" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Bolton</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
1990b: 269
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
(diagnosis);
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B6BFFB4B179FBAFF9C2FA081976" author="Baroni Urbani C. & Bolton B. & Ward P. S." box="[1055,1436,1576,1603]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="301 - 329" refId="ref29625" refString="Baroni Urbani C., Bolton B. & Ward P. S. 1992. The internal phylogeny of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Systematic Entomology 17: 301 - 329. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1992. tb 00553. x" type="journal article" year="1992">
|
|||
|
|
Baroni Urbani
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB4B179FB67F9C2FA821977" box="[1239,1302,1577,1603]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
1992: 316
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
(morphology);
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B6BFFB4B179FE25F9A7FD1F1952" author="Ogata K. & Terayama M. & Masuko K." box="[405,651,1612,1639]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="27 - 34" refId="ref32211" refString="Ogata K., Terayama M. & Masuko K. 1995. The ant genus Leptanilla: discovery of the worker-associated male of L. japonica, and a description of a new species from Taiwan (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Leptanillinae). Systematic Entomology 20: 27 - 34. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1995. tb 00081. x" type="journal article" year="1995">
|
|||
|
|
Ogata
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB4B179FE52F9A6FD891952" box="[482,541,1612,1638]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
1995: 32
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
(diagnosis, genitalia);
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B6BFFB4B179FC28F9A7FBCD1952" author="Bolton B." box="[920,1113,1612,1638]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 370" refId="ref30019" refString="Bolton B. 2003. Synopsis and classification of Formicidae. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 71: 1 - 370." type="journal article" year="2003">
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="49E3F878FFB4B179FC28F9A7FC7C1952" box="[920,1000,1612,1638]" country="United Kingdom" name="Bolton" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Bolton</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
2003: 39
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
, 151 (diagnosis);
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B6BFFB4B179FA9AF9A7FE1E19BD" author="Borowiec M. L. & Schulz A. & Alpert G. D. & Banar P." pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref30081" refString="Borowiec M. L., Schulz A., Alpert G. D. & Banar P. 2011. Discovery of the worker caste and descriptions of two new species of Anomalomyrma (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Leptanillinae). with unique abdominal morphology. Zootaxa 2810: 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
|||
|
|
Borowiec
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB4B179FF53F99BFE8A19BD" box="[227,286,1647,1673]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
2011: 11
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
(venation comments [
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB4B179FD3EF985FCF819BD" authorityName="Taylor" authorityYear="1990" box="[654,876,1646,1673]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Anomalomyrmini">Anomalomyrmini</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
]).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="C33D6511FFB4B178FF53F95AFAA01801" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="diagnosis">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB4B179FF53F95AFE0A19FE" blockId="28.[227,414,1712,1739]" box="[227,414,1712,1739]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
|||
|
|
<heading id="D0D081F6FFB4B179FF53F95AFE0A19FE" bold="true" box="[227,414,1712,1739]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" reason="3">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB4B179FF53F95AFE0A19FE" bold="true" box="[227,414,1712,1739]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Male diagnosis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</heading>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB4B179FF53F934FBAD189D" blockId="28.[227,1437,1759,1962]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
|||
|
|
Male
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB4B179FE96F934FE5519CD" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1910" box="[294,449,1759,1785]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Leptanillinae">Leptanillinae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
are recognizable by the combination of nub-like mandibles, extremely reduced wing venation (three cells enclosed by tubular abscissae at most development: costal, basal, and subbasal cells; no cells enclosed by tubular abscissae at least development), and absence or inconspicuousness of propodeal lobes. Otherwise, male leptanillines are highly variable, often resembling “normal” poneroids, although some males are so derived as to be difficult to intuitively ascribe to the
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB4B179FABFF887FA0D18B2" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1809" box="[1295,1433,1900,1926]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Formicidae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
; this modification includes even loss of abdominal segment II petiolation.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB4B179FF53F83AFA0918DE" blockId="28.[227,1437,2000,2027]" box="[227,1437,2000,2027]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB4B179FF53F83AFDCE18DE" box="[227,602,2000,2027]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">1. Mandibles strongly reduced</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB4B179FDDBF83BFBB618DE" box="[619,1058,2000,2026]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">nub-like not meeting at head midline</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
, or spatulate and hypertrophied
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB4B179FEA0F81FFD9B173A" blockId="28.[272,527,2036,2062]" box="[272,527,2036,2062]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB4B179FEAAF81FFE0F173A" authorityName="Brues" authorityYear="1925" box="[282,411,2036,2062]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Scyphodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB4B179FEAAF81FFE0F173A" box="[282,411,2036,2062]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Scyphodon</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
) (note 1).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB5B178FF53FEDAFD341E7F" blockId="29.[227,1436,305,1845]" box="[227,672,305,332]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">2. Palpal formula 4,1 or 1,1 (note 2).</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB5B178FF53FEBFFA0E1E81" blockId="29.[227,1436,305,1845]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
|||
|
|
3. Clypeus usually strongly reduced such that antennal toruli situated anteriorly, separated from anterior clypeal margin by much less than one torulus diameter; occasionally (
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB5B178FB1AFE93FA9A1EA6" authorityName="Kugler" authorityYear="1987" box="[1194,1294,376,402]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Yavnella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB5B178FB1AFE93FA9A1EA6" box="[1194,1294,376,402]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Yavnella</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB5B178FAADFE93FA011EA6" baseAuthorityName="Holldobler & Wilson" baseAuthorityYear="1990" box="[1309,1429,376,402]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Protanilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB5B178FAADFE93FA011EA6" box="[1309,1429,376,402]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Protanilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB5B178FEA0FE70FEE31E81" authorityName="Petersen" authorityYear="1968" box="[272,375,411,437]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Noonilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB5B178FEA0FE70FEE31E81" box="[272,375,411,437]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Noonilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
) antennal toruli situated about one torulus diameter from anterior clypeal margin (note 3).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB5B178FF53FE55FD5B1EEC" blockId="29.[227,1436,305,1845]" box="[227,719,446,472]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">4. Anterior clypeal margin without pegs.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB5B178FF53FE0AFDD41D2A" blockId="29.[227,1436,305,1845]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
|||
|
|
5. Anterior tentorial pits usually situated lateral to lateral torular arch; occasionally (
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB5B178FB7CFE0AFAA41ECF" authorityName="Kugler" authorityYear="1987" box="[1228,1328,481,507]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Yavnella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB5B178FB7CFE0AFAA41ECF" box="[1228,1328,481,507]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Yavnella</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
) situated anterolaterad torular arch.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB5B178FF53FDCCFD061D75" blockId="29.[227,1436,305,1845]" box="[227,658,551,577]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">6. Frontal carinae and lobes absent.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB5B178FF53FDA0FC261D51" blockId="29.[227,1436,305,1845]" box="[227,946,587,613]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">7. Antenna 13-merous; funiculus filiform to submoniliform.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB5B178FF53FD85FDB11DBC" blockId="29.[227,1436,305,1845]" box="[227,549,622,648]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">8. Occipital carina absent.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB5B178FF53FD7AFD4A1DFB" blockId="29.[227,1436,305,1845]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">9. Oblique mesopleural sulcus present, anterior terminus contacting posterolateral pronotal corner or situated well ventral to pronotal corner.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB5B178FF53FD33FD271DC5" blockId="29.[227,1436,305,1845]" box="[227,691,727,754]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">10. Metapleural spiracular plate absent.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB5B178FF53FD10FCA51C21" blockId="29.[227,1436,305,1845]" box="[227,817,763,789]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">11. Propodeal lobes absent or very inconspicuous.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB5B178FF53FCF5FDD31C0C" blockId="29.[227,1436,305,1845]" box="[227,583,798,824]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">12. Metacoxal cavities closed.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB5B178FF53FCAAFC3C1C6F" blockId="29.[227,1436,305,1845]" box="[227,936,833,860]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">13. Tibial spur formula 2s,2s; 1s,2(1s,1p); 1s,2s; 1s,1s; 0,1p.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB5B178FF53FC8FFBB51C4B" blockId="29.[227,1436,305,1845]" box="[227,1057,868,895]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">14. Metatarsus lacking posterolateral line of dense differentiated setae.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB5B178FF53FC6CFDA61C95" blockId="29.[227,1436,305,1845]" box="[227,562,903,930]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">15. Pretarsal claws edentate.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB5B178FF53FC40FA081CF1" blockId="29.[227,1436,305,1845]" box="[227,1436,939,965]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
|||
|
|
16. Pterostigma usually strongly reduced, but may be enlarged (
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB5B178FC04FC40FBFE1CF1" authorityName="Taylor" authorityYear="1990" box="[948,1130,939,965]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anomalomyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB5B178FC04FC40FBFE1CF1" box="[948,1130,939,965]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Anomalomyrma</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, some
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB5B178FB0AFC40FAB91CF1" baseAuthorityName="Holldobler & Wilson" baseAuthorityYear="1990" box="[1210,1325,939,965]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Protanilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB5B178FB0AFC40FAB91CF1" box="[1210,1325,939,965]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Protanilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
) (note 4).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB5B178FF53FC25FC001B66" blockId="29.[227,1436,305,1845]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB5B178FF53FC25FDE01CDC" box="[227,628,974,1000]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
|||
|
|
17. Ogata wing venation
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="549C8838FFB5B178FDA1FC24FDD61CDC" box="[529,578,975,1000]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">type</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
IVb
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="131C2A1FFFB5B178FD35FC25FD4B1CDC" box="[645,735,974,1000]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[227,270,1790,1816]" captionTargetBox="[349,1305,302,1757]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[348,1305,302,1757]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 4. Male morphology. A–C. Abdominal sternum IX in ventral view. B. Oblique. D–E. Petiole in lateral view. F. Forewing in dorsal view. G–H. Propodeum in lateral view. — A. Aenictogiton indet. (Zambia, CASENT0106126, M. Branstetter). B. Cerapachys “parasyscia” lineage (Kenya, B. Boudinot). C. Emeryopone buttelreepeni (Thailand, CASENT0278779, B. Boudinot). D. Paraponera clavata (?Panama, B. Boudinot). E. Cerapachys lividus (Madagascar, CASENT0138502, D. Raharinjanahary). F. Phaulomyrma indet. (Thailand, UCRENT150358, A. Nobile). G. Leptanillinae indet. (Thailand, CASENT0156249, B. Boudinot); arrow indicates dorsal margin of petiolar foramen. H. Adelomyrmex dentivagans; arrow indicates propodeal lobe. All scale bars = 0.2 mm, except D–E = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3780158" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3780158/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
), but would be
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="549C8838FFB5B178FC2AFC25FC591CDC" box="[922,973,974,1000]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">type</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
IIIb should the maximum complement of spectral veins be hypothetically tubular; at most 3 closed cells present (costal, basal, subbasal); at the most extreme reduction only Sc+R+Rs and Rf present along anterior wing margin, with narrow stretch of membrane present anterobasally (notes 5, 6).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB5B178FF53FBB0FE101BAC" blockId="29.[227,1436,305,1845]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">18. Hindwing venation reduced: all abscissae absent, or R+Rs tubular and short, or R+Rs and 1A tubular and short.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB5B178FF53FB4AFE761B8F" blockId="29.[227,1436,305,1845]" box="[227,482,1185,1211]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">19. Jugal lobe absent.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB5B178FF53FB2FFBC41BEA" blockId="29.[227,1436,305,1845]" box="[227,1104,1220,1247]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">20. Petiolar laterotergite absent; tergum fused with sternum, suture visible.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB5B178FF53FB03FB9F1A36" blockId="29.[227,1436,305,1845]" box="[227,1035,1255,1282]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">21. Petiolar tergum not forming anteroventral collar around sternum.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB5B178FF53FAE0FDC11A11" blockId="29.[227,1436,305,1845]" box="[227,597,1291,1317]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">22. Helcium axial or infraaxial.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB5B178FF53FAC5FB351A7C" blockId="29.[227,1436,305,1845]" box="[227,1185,1326,1352]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">23. Helcial sternite overlapped laterally by tergite, thus not visible in lateral view.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB5B178FF53FABAFCD71ABA" blockId="29.[227,1436,305,1845]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">24. Abdominal segment III undifferentiated to somewhat constricted posteriorly to strongly differentiated with posterior constriction, forming postpetiole.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB5B178FF53FA7CFD8C1AE1" blockId="29.[227,1436,305,1845]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">25. Abdominal segment IV as long as or infrequently distinctly longer than following abdominal segments; not vaulted.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB5B178FF53FA35FC4B1ACC" blockId="29.[227,1436,305,1845]" box="[227,991,1502,1528]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">26. Abdominal spiracles IV–VIII obscured by preceding tergites.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB5B178FF53F9EAFC32192F" blockId="29.[227,1436,305,1845]" box="[227,934,1537,1564]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">27. Pygostyles absent or present as extremely elongate rods.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB5B178FF53F9CFFC4C190A" blockId="29.[227,1436,305,1845]" box="[227,984,1572,1599]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">28. Genitalia partially exserted; subject to extreme modification.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB5B178FF53F9A3FA851955" blockId="29.[227,1436,305,1845]" box="[227,1297,1607,1634]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">29. Basimere separated from telomere ventrally by corium or basimere and telomere fused.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB5B178FF53F980FE4A199C" blockId="29.[227,1436,305,1845]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">30. Telomere highly variable; least modified telomeres are digitate to wedge-shaped; sometimes telomere laminar.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB5B178FF53F95AFB6B19FF" blockId="29.[227,1436,305,1845]" box="[227,1279,1713,1740]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">31. Basivolsella lateromedially narrow in ventral view, occasionally extremely elongated.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB5B178FF53F93FFB5019DA" blockId="29.[227,1436,305,1845]" box="[227,1220,1748,1775]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">32. Cuspis present or absent; when present usually lobate and otherwise unmodified.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB5B178FF53F913FBAA1825" blockId="29.[227,1436,305,1845]" box="[227,1086,1783,1810]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">33. Digitus highly variable; least modified digiti are elongate and arched.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB5B178FF53F8F0FAA01801" blockId="29.[227,1436,305,1845]" box="[227,1332,1819,1845]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">34. Valviceps highly variable; almost always with lateral apodeme produced laterally (note 7).</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="C33D6511FFB5B17BFF53F8B7FE141B8F" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="discussion">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB5B178FF53F8B7FE5E1842" blockId="29.[227,458,1884,1910]" box="[227,458,1884,1910]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
|||
|
|
<heading id="D0D081F6FFB5B178FF53F8B7FE5E1842" bold="true" box="[227,458,1884,1910]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" reason="3">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB5B178FF53F8B7FE5E1842" bold="true" box="[227,458,1884,1910]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Notes on diagnosis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</heading>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<key id="FFB661ABFFB5B178FF53F860FA0818DF" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB5B178FF53F860FAE318FC" blockId="29.[227,1436,1931,2028]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
|||
|
|
<keyLead id="30D695AFFFB5B178FF53F860FAE318FC" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
|||
|
|
<keyStep id="30D32E3FFFB5B178FF53F860FAE318FC" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
|||
|
|
1. Mandibles also reduced and nub-like in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB5B178FD4BF860FC611892" authority="(Ponerinae)" baseAuthorityName="Ponerinae" box="[763,1013,1931,1958]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Ponerini">Ponerini (Ponerinae)</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB5B178FBB4F860FAF71892" authority="(Amblyoponinae)" authorityName="Brown, Gotwald Jr. & Levieux" authorityYear="1971" baseAuthorityName="Amblyoponinae" box="[1028,1379,1931,1958]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Apomyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB5B178FBB4F860FB111891" box="[1028,1157,1931,1957]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Apomyrma</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(Amblyoponinae)
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, and some
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB5B178FEE5F845FE7018FC" authorityName="Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau" authorityYear="1835" box="[341,484,1966,1992]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Myrmicinae">Myrmicinae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(e.g.,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB5B178FD9FF845FD7A18FC" box="[559,750,1966,1992]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Acanthognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB5B178FD9FF845FD7A18FC" box="[559,750,1966,1992]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Acanthognathus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB5B178FD4CF844FCCB18FC" box="[764,863,1967,1992]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Daceton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB5B178FD4CF844FCCB18FC" box="[764,863,1967,1992]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Daceton</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, the
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB5B178FC29F845FBAE18FC" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1897" box="[921,1082,1966,1992]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Adelomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB5B178FC29F845FBAE18FC" box="[921,1082,1966,1992]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Adelomyrmex</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
genus group,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB5B178FB51F844FAF318FC" authorityName="Curtis" authorityYear="1829" box="[1249,1383,1967,1992]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmecina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB5B178FB51F844FAF318FC" box="[1249,1383,1967,1992]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Myrmecina</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</keyStep>
|
|||
|
|
</keyLead>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB5B178FF53F83AFA0818DF" blockId="29.[227,1436,1931,2028]" box="[227,1436,2001,2028]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
|||
|
|
<keyLead id="30D695AFFFB5B178FF53F83AFA0818DF" box="[227,1436,2001,2028]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
|||
|
|
<keyStep id="30D32E3FFFB5B178FF53F83AFA0818DF" box="[227,1436,2001,2028]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
|||
|
|
2. Some unidentified
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB5B178FE5CF83AFDF018DF" baseAuthorityName="Holldobler & Wilson" baseAuthorityYear="1990" box="[492,612,2001,2027]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Protanilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB5B178FE5CF83AFDF018DF" box="[492,612,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Protanilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
males have higher palp counts, similar to workers. Future work should
|
|||
|
|
</keyStep>
|
|||
|
|
</keyLead>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</key>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB5B178FEA0F81FFB1D173A" blockId="29.[272,1161,2036,2063]" box="[272,1161,2036,2063]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
|||
|
|
<pageTitle id="CBB8EEFDFFB5B178FEA0F81FFB1D173A" box="[272,1161,2036,2063]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">establish the extent of palpomere count variation inter- and intragenerically.</pageTitle>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB6B17BFF53FEDAFEEF1E5B" blockId="30.[227,1436,305,1211]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
|||
|
|
3. Anteroposteriorly broad clypeus is pleisiomorphic for
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB6B17BFC39FEDAFBB31E7F" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1910" box="[905,1063,305,331]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Leptanillinae">Leptanillinae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, and is present in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB6B17BFB44FEDAFAF81E7F" baseAuthorityName="Holldobler & Wilson" baseAuthorityYear="1990" box="[1268,1388,305,331]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Protanilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB6B17BFB44FEDAFAF81E7F" box="[1268,1388,305,331]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Protanilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB6B17BFEA0FEBFFEE01E5A" authorityName="Kugler" authorityYear="1987" box="[272,372,340,366]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Yavnella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB6B17BFEA0FEBFFEE01E5A" box="[272,372,340,366]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Yavnella</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB6B17BFF53FE93FB451E81" blockId="30.[227,1436,305,1211]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
|||
|
|
4. The polarity of pterostigmal reduction is unclear, as
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB6B17BFC32FE93FBA91EA6" authorityName="Taylor" authorityYear="1990" box="[898,1085,376,402]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anomalomyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB6B17BFC32FE93FBA91EA6" box="[898,1085,376,402]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Anomalomyrma</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and some
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB6B17BFB70FE93FAAC1EA6" baseAuthorityName="Holldobler & Wilson" baseAuthorityYear="1990" box="[1216,1336,376,402]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Protanilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB6B17BFB70FE93FAAC1EA6" box="[1216,1336,376,402]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Protanilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
have an enlarged pterostigma; it seems likely though that this is a secondary development.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB6B17BFF53FE55FC6D1C21" blockId="30.[227,1436,305,1211]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
|||
|
|
5. Wing venation also reduced to the Ogata
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="549C8838FFB6B17BFD4DFE55FCA41EEC" box="[765,816,446,472]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">type</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
IVb pattern convergently in other groups, including some
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB6B17BFEE2FE0AFE751ECF" authorityName="Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau" authorityYear="1835" box="[338,481,481,507]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Myrmicinae">Myrmicinae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB6B17BFE40FE09FD151EC8" box="[496,641,482,508]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strumigenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB6B17BFE40FE09FD151EC8" box="[496,641,482,508]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Strumigenys</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, the
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB6B17BFD04FE0AFCC11ECF" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1897" box="[692,853,481,507]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Adelomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB6B17BFD04FE0AFCC11ECF" box="[692,853,481,507]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Adelomyrmex</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
genus group, and the inquiline
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB6B17BFB05FE0AFA061ECF" baseAuthorityName="Santschi" baseAuthorityYear="1922" box="[1205,1426,481,507]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutidens">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB6B17BFB05FE0AFA061ECF" box="[1205,1426,481,507]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Pheidole acutidens</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
) and some
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB6B17BFE38FDEFFD681D2B" authority="(Probolomyrmex)" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1895" baseAuthorityName="Probolomyrmex" box="[392,764,516,543]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Proceratiinae">
|
|||
|
|
Proceratiinae (
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB6B17BFD84FDEFFD641D2A" box="[564,752,516,542]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Probolomyrmex</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
)
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. These taxa may be distinguished from leptanillines by a suite of characters, including presence of the propodeal lobe. Contrary to the sentiment of
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B6BFFB6B17BFAE6FDC3FE371D51" author="Ogata K. & Terayama M. & Masuko K." pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="27 - 34" refId="ref32211" refString="Ogata K., Terayama M. & Masuko K. 1995. The ant genus Leptanilla: discovery of the worker-associated male of L. japonica, and a description of a new species from Taiwan (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Leptanillinae). Systematic Entomology 20: 27 - 34. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1995. tb 00081. x" type="journal article" year="1995">
|
|||
|
|
Ogata
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB6B17BFEA0FDA7FED81D51" box="[272,332,587,613]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(1995)
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
the reduced wing venation of the
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB6B17BFC89FDA0FC401D51" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1910" box="[825,980,587,613]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Leptanillinae">Leptanillinae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
is eminently valuable for diagnosis of the subfamily. While certainly this reduction in venation may be driven by functional constraints, the particular pattern occurring in the
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB6B17BFD61FD7AFCF81D9F" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1910" box="[721,876,657,683]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Leptanillinae">Leptanillinae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
is nearly globally unique. Although it has been indicated that the forewing venation of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB6B17BFD44FD5FFCF91DFA" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1870" box="[756,877,692,718]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB6B17BFD44FD5FFCF91DFA" box="[756,877,692,718]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Leptanilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
is completely absent (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B6BFFB6B17BFB30FD5FFABA1DFA" author="Wheeler W. M." box="[1152,1326,692,718]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refId="ref33299" refString="Wheeler W. M. 1910. Ants: Their Structure, Development and Behavior. Columbia University Press, New York." type="book" year="1910">Wheeler 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
; Bernard 1968;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B6BFFB6B17BFEEAFD3CFD1F1DC6" author="Wheeler G. C. & Wheeler J." box="[346,651,727,754]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="35 - 45" refId="ref33240" refString="Wheeler G. C. & Wheeler J. 1972. The subfamilies of Formicidae. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 74: 35 - 45." type="journal article" year="1972">Wheeler & Wheeler 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
), no specimens were observed which had this state; at the least one compound abscissa was present along the leading wing margin.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB6B17BFF53FCF5FCCB1B66" blockId="30.[227,1436,305,1211]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">6. Detailed forewing abscissal development description: Costal vein present or absent, when absent Sc+R+Rs very close to anterior wing margin (costal cell closed or open). Rsf1+Mf1 tubular or nebulous, indistinguishable from one another, or both abscissae absent (basal cell distally closed or open). Rs+M usually absent, infrequently spectral; Rsf2+3 absent (submarginal cell 1 open). Rsf4+ tubular, continuous with 2r-rs which is directed posteroapically, ending before wing apex, or Rsf4+ and 2r-rs absent (marginal cell 1 open). Mf2+ absent or spectral and 2rs-m absent (submarginal cell 2 absent). 1m-cu absent (discal cell 1 open). M+Cu nebulous or absent (basal cell closed posteriorly or open). Cuf tubular to nebulous, short, or absent (subdiscal cell 1 absent). 1A tubular, partially nebulous, or absent (subbasal cell closed or open).</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB6B17BFF53FBB0FE141B8F" blockId="30.[227,1436,305,1211]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
|||
|
|
7. One morphogroup of South East Asian male
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB6B17BFCA7FBB0FC261B41" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1910" box="[791,946,1115,1141]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Leptanillinae">Leptanillinae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
has lateromedially compressed valviceps, other morphogroups and genera have the lateral apodeme consistently laterally produced, and often modified.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="C33D6511FFB6B17BFF53FB08FE6A19E6" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="materials_examined">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB6B17BFF53FB08FD271BC9" blockId="30.[227,691,1250,1277]" box="[227,691,1250,1277]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB6B17BFF53FB08FE341BC8" bold="true" box="[227,416,1250,1277]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Taxa examined</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCount id="9D21FD13FFB6B17BFE03FB08FE531BC9" box="[435,455,1251,1277]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
|||
|
|
= queen,
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCount id="9D21FD13FFB6B17BFD8BFB08FDC51BC9" box="[571,593,1251,1277]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
|||
|
|
= male)
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB6B17BFF53FAFAFE6A19E6" blockId="30.[227,1437,1296,1746]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB6B17BFF53FAFAFE0A1A1F" authorityName="Taylor" authorityYear="1990" box="[227,414,1297,1323]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anomalomyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB6B17BFF53FAFAFE0A1A1F" box="[227,414,1297,1323]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Anomalomyrma</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
indet. [
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCount id="9D21FD13FFB6B17BFDB2FAF9FD8D1A18" box="[514,537,1298,1324]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F330760AFFB6B17BFD9BFAFBFD301A1F" box="[555,676,1296,1323]" name="Indonesia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
];
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB6B17BFD0AFAFAFBCE1A1F" authority="Baroni Urbani" authorityName="Baroni Urbani" authorityYear="1977" box="[698,1114,1297,1323]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB6B17BFD0AFAFAFC351A1F" box="[698,929,1297,1323]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Leptanilla africana</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Baroni Urbani
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
[
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCount id="9D21FD13FFB6B17BFBDFFAF9FB1D1A18" box="[1135,1161,1298,1324]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F330760AFFB6B17BFB29FAFBFB6C1A1F" box="[1177,1272,1296,1323]" name="Nigeria" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
];
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB6B17BFABFFAF9FEA01A7A" authority="Kugler" authorityName="Kugler" authorityYear="1987" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifurcata">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB6B17BFABFFAF9FA081A1F" box="[1295,1436,1297,1323]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">L. bifurcata</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Kugler
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
[
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCount id="9D21FD13FFB6B17BFEF6FADEFEF41A7B" box="[326,352,1333,1359]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F330760AFFB6B17BFEDDFADFFE201A7B" box="[365,436,1332,1359]" name="Israel" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
];
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB6B17BFE79FADEFD6B1A7A" authority="Baroni Urbani" authorityName="Baroni Urbani" authorityYear="1977" box="[457,767,1332,1358]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="islamica">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB6B17BFE79FADEFDD81A7A" box="[457,588,1332,1358]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">L. islamica</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Baroni Urbani
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
[
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCount id="9D21FD13FFB6B17BFCA1FADEFCBF1A7B" box="[785,811,1333,1359]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F330760AFFB6B17BFC88FADFFC051A7B" box="[824,913,1332,1359]" name="Yemen" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Yemen</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
];
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB6B17BFC14FADEFBE01A7A" authority="Kugler" authorityName="Kugler" authorityYear="1987" box="[932,1140,1332,1358]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="israelis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB6B17BFC14FADEFB8E1A7A" box="[932,1050,1332,1358]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">L. israelis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Kugler
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
[
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCount id="9D21FD13FFB6B17BFB36FADEFB341A7B" box="[1158,1184,1333,1359]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F330760AFFB6B17BFB1EFADFFB611A7B" box="[1198,1269,1332,1359]" name="Israel" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
];
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB6B17BFABAFADEFED21A45" authority="Santschi" authorityName="Santschi" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miniscula">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB6B17BFABAFADEFA081A7A" box="[1290,1436,1332,1358]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">L. miniscula</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Santschi
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
[
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCount id="9D21FD13FFB6B17BFEE6FAB3FEE41A46" box="[342,368,1368,1394]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F330760AFFB6B17BFECCFABCFE4E1A46" box="[380,474,1367,1394]" name="Tunisia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
];
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB6B17BFE5CFAB3FD2E1A45" authority="Wheeler" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1932" box="[492,698,1367,1393]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="swani">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB6B17BFE5CFAB3FDDB1A45" box="[492,591,1368,1393]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">L. swani</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Wheeler
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
[
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCount id="9D21FD13FFB6B17BFD7BFAB3FD711A46" box="[715,741,1368,1394]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F330760AFFB6B17BFD5FFABCFCCB1A45" box="[751,863,1367,1393]" name="Australia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="49E3F878FFB6B17BFCDAFABCFC6C1A45" box="[874,1016,1367,1393]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Queensland</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
, W.
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F330760AFFB6B17BFB99FABCFB0F1A46" box="[1065,1179,1367,1394]" name="Australia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
];
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB6B17BFB1DFAB3FAF91A45" authority="Santschi" authorityName="Santschi" box="[1197,1389,1367,1393]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tanit">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB6B17BFB1DFAB3FA961A45" box="[1197,1282,1368,1393]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">L. tanit</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Santschi
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
[
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCount id="9D21FD13FFB6B17BFACDFAB3FA031A46" box="[1405,1431,1368,1394]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F330760AFFB6B17BFF53FA91FED51AA1" box="[227,321,1402,1429]" name="Tunisia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
];
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB6B17BFEE6FA97FDBF1AA1" authority="Santschi" authorityName="Santschi" box="[342,555,1403,1429]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB6B17BFEE6FA97FE2A1AA1" box="[342,446,1404,1429]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">L. tenuis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Santschi
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
[
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCount id="9D21FD13FFB6B17BFD8FFA90FDCD1AA1" box="[575,601,1403,1429]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F330760AFFB6B17BFDD7FA91FD511AA1" box="[615,709,1402,1429]" name="Tunisia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
];
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB6B17BFD6BFA97FD661AA1" box="[731,754,1404,1429]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">L.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
GR01 [
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCount id="9D21FD13FFB6B17BFCE6FA90FCE41AA1" box="[854,880,1403,1429]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F330760AFFB6B17BFCCFFA91FC4D1AA1" box="[895,985,1402,1429]" name="Greece" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Greece</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
];
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB6B17BFC5EFA97FB921AA1" box="[1006,1030,1404,1429]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">L.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
GR02 [
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCount id="9D21FD13FFB6B17BFBD9FA90FB171AA1" box="[1129,1155,1403,1429]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F330760AFFB6B17BFB23FA91FB791AA1" box="[1171,1261,1402,1429]" name="Greece" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Greece</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
];
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB6B17BFAB2FA97FA8E1AA1" box="[1282,1306,1404,1429]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">L.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
GR03 [
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCount id="9D21FD13FFB6B17BFACDFA90FA031AA1" box="[1405,1431,1403,1429]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F330760AFFB6B17BFF53FA76FEA91A8C" box="[227,317,1437,1464]" name="Greece" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Greece</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
];
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB6B17BFEFFFA74FEF21A8C" box="[335,358,1439,1464]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">L.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
IL01 [
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCount id="9D21FD13FFB6B17BFE06FA75FE441A8C" box="[438,464,1438,1464]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F330760AFFB6B17BFE6DFA76FDB01A8C" box="[477,548,1437,1464]" name="Israel" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
];
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB6B17BFD87FA74FDDA1A8C" box="[567,590,1439,1464]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">L.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
TH01 [
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCount id="9D21FD13FFB6B17BFD1AFA75FD501A8C" box="[682,708,1438,1464]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F330760AFFB6B17BFD7FFA76FCAA1A8C" box="[719,830,1437,1464]" name="Thailand" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
];
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB6B17BFCE1FA74FCFC1A8C" box="[849,872,1439,1464]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">L.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
TH02 [
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCount id="9D21FD13FFB6B17BFC74FA75FC4A1A8C" box="[964,990,1438,1464]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F330760AFFB6B17BFC59FA76FBCC1A8C" box="[1001,1112,1437,1464]" name="Thailand" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
];
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB6B17BFBDBFA74FB161A8C" box="[1131,1154,1439,1464]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">L.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
TH03 [
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCount id="9D21FD13FFB6B17BFB6EFA75FB6C1A8C" box="[1246,1272,1438,1464]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F330760AFFB6B17BFAB3FA76FAE61A8C" box="[1283,1394,1437,1464]" name="Thailand" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
];
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB6B17BFA34FA74FA081A8C" box="[1412,1436,1439,1464]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">L.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
TH04 [
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCount id="9D21FD13FFB6B17BFE88FA29FEC61AE8" box="[312,338,1474,1500]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F330760AFFB6B17BFEEEFA2BFE591AEF" box="[350,461,1472,1499]" name="Thailand" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
];
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB6B17BFE50FA29FE6C1AEF" box="[480,504,1474,1499]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">L.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
TH05 [
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCount id="9D21FD13FFB6B17BFDE5FA29FDFB1AE8" box="[597,623,1474,1500]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F330760AFFB6B17BFDCCFA2BFD7F1AEF" box="[636,747,1472,1499]" name="Thailand" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
];
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB6B17BFD4EFA29FC811AEF" box="[766,789,1474,1499]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">L.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
TH06 [
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCount id="9D21FD13FFB6B17BFCC2FA29FC181AE8" box="[882,908,1474,1500]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F330760AFFB6B17BFC29FA2BFB9C1AEF" box="[921,1032,1472,1499]" name="Thailand" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
];
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB6B17BFBABFA29FBA71AEF" box="[1051,1075,1474,1499]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">L.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
TH08 [
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCount id="9D21FD13FFB6B17BFB20FA29FB3E1AE8" box="[1168,1194,1474,1500]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F330760AFFB6B17BFB06FA2BFAB11AEF" box="[1206,1317,1472,1499]" name="Thailand" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
];
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB6B17BFA88FA29FAC41AEF" box="[1336,1360,1474,1499]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">L.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
TH10 [
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCount id="9D21FD13FFB6B17BFF5CFA0EFE921ACB" box="[236,262,1509,1535]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F330760AFFB6B17BFEA0FA0FFEEB1ACB" box="[272,383,1508,1535]" name="Thailand" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
];
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB6B17BFE21FA0EFE3D1ACA" box="[401,425,1509,1534]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">L.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
ZA01 [
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCount id="9D21FD13FFB6B17BFDB2FA0EFD881ACB" box="[514,540,1509,1535]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F330760AFFB6B17BFD98FA0FFD571ACB" box="[552,707,1508,1535]" name="South Africa" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
];
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB6B17BFD64FA0EFD781ACA" box="[724,748,1509,1534]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">L.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
indet. [
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCount id="9D21FD13FFB6B17BFCF3FA0EFCC91ACB" box="[835,861,1509,1535]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F330760AFFB6B17BFCD7FA0FFC4D1ACB" box="[871,985,1508,1535]" name="Australia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
];
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB6B17BFC5BFA0FFBC61ACA" authorityName="Petersen" authorityYear="1968" box="[1003,1106,1508,1534]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Noonilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB6B17BFC5BFA0FFBC61ACA" box="[1003,1106,1508,1534]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Noonilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
BMNH01 [
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCount id="9D21FD13FFB6B17BFB6CFA0EFB621ACB" box="[1244,1270,1509,1535]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F330760AFFB6B17BFAB2FA0EFA041ACB" box="[1282,1424,1508,1535]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Ivory Coast</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
];
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB6B17BFF53F9ECFEDE1915" authorityName="Petersen" authorityYear="1968" box="[227,330,1543,1569]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Noonilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB6B17BFF53F9ECFEDE1915" box="[227,330,1543,1569]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Noonilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
indet. [
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCount id="9D21FD13FFB6B17BFE11F9E3FE2F1916" box="[417,443,1544,1570]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F330760AFFB6B17BFE76F9ECFDAC1916" box="[454,568,1543,1570]" name="Malaysia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
];
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB6B17BFDF9F9ECFD7B1915" authorityName="Wheeler & Wheeler" authorityYear="1930" box="[585,751,1543,1569]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Phaulomyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB6B17BFDF9F9ECFD7B1915" box="[585,751,1543,1569]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Phaulomyrma</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
MM01 [
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCount id="9D21FD13FFB6B17BFCE6F9E3FCE41916" box="[854,880,1544,1570]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F330760AFFB6B17BFCCBF9ECFC601916" box="[891,1012,1543,1570]" name="Myanmar" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
];
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB6B17BFBB6F9ECFBBA1915" box="[1030,1070,1543,1569]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Ph.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
TH01 [
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCount id="9D21FD13FFB6B17BFB37F9E3FB351916" box="[1159,1185,1544,1570]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F330760AFFB6B17BFB1CF9ECFA8F1916" box="[1196,1307,1543,1570]" name="Thailand" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
];
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB6B17BFA9CF9ECFAC01915" box="[1324,1364,1543,1569]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Ph.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
indet. [
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCount id="9D21FD13FFB6B17BFF5CF9C0FE921971" box="[236,262,1579,1605]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F330760AFFB6B17BFEA4F9C1FE191971" box="[276,397,1578,1605]" name="Myanmar" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
];
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB6B17BFE11F9C0FD8D1971" baseAuthorityName="Holldobler & Wilson" baseAuthorityYear="1990" box="[417,537,1579,1605]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Protanilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB6B17BFE11F9C0FD8D1971" box="[417,537,1579,1605]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Protanilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
TH01 [
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCount id="9D21FD13FFB6B17BFDC8F9C0FD061971" box="[632,658,1579,1605]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F330760AFFB6B17BFD2FF9C1FC9A1971" box="[671,782,1578,1605]" name="Thailand" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
];
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB6B17BFC93F9C7FCD11971" box="[803,837,1580,1605]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Pr.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
TH02 [
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCount id="9D21FD13FFB6B17BFC14F9C0FC2A1971" box="[932,958,1579,1605]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F330760AFFB6B17BFC7BF9C1FBAE1971" box="[971,1082,1578,1605]" name="Thailand" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
];
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB6B17BFBFFF9C7FBE51971" box="[1103,1137,1580,1605]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Pr.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
TH03 [
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCount id="9D21FD13FFB6B17BFB60F9C0FB7E1971" box="[1232,1258,1579,1605]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F330760AFFB6B17BFB47F9C1FAF21971" box="[1271,1382,1578,1605]" name="Thailand" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
];
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB6B17BFACBF9C7FA091971" box="[1403,1437,1580,1605]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Pr.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
indet. [
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCount id="9D21FD13FFB6B17BFE87F9A5FEC5195C" box="[311,337,1614,1640]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F330760AFFB6B17BFED0F9A6FE4D195C" box="[352,473,1613,1640]" name="Indonesia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
];
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB6B17BFE5EF9A5FD7E195C" box="[494,746,1614,1640]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Scyphodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bruesi">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB6B17BFE5EF9A5FDFB195C" box="[494,623,1614,1640]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Scyphodon</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
cf.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB6B17BFD11F9A5FD7E195C" box="[673,746,1614,1640]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">bruesi</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
[
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCount id="9D21FD13FFB6B17BFD4DF9A5FC83195C" box="[765,791,1614,1640]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F330760AFFB6B17BFC96F9A6FC0B195C" box="[806,927,1613,1640]" name="Indonesia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
];
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB6B17BFC04F9A5FB7A195C" authority="Kugler" authorityName="Kugler" authorityYear="1987" box="[948,1262,1614,1640]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Yavnella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argamani">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB6B17BFC04F9A5FB07195C" box="[948,1171,1614,1640]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Yavnella argamani</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Kugler
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
[
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCount id="9D21FD13FFB6B17BFAB1F9A5FA8F195C" box="[1281,1307,1614,1640]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F330760AFFB6B17BFA9AF9A6FAE5195C" box="[1322,1393,1613,1640]" name="Israel" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
];
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB6B17BFA37F9A4FE1319BF" authority="Kugler" authorityName="Kugler" authorityYear="1987" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Yavnella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indica">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB6B17BFA37F9A4FEB819BF" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Y. indica</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Kugler
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
[
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCount id="9D21FD13FFB6B17BFE2BF999FE2119B8" box="[411,437,1650,1676]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F330760AFFB6B17BFE74F99BFD9319BF" box="[452,519,1648,1675]" name="India" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">India</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
];
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB6B17BFDACF99AFD1419BF" authorityName="Kugler" authorityYear="1987" box="[540,640,1649,1675]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Yavnella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB6B17BFDACF99AFD1419BF" box="[540,640,1649,1675]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Yavnella</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
BEB001 [
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCount id="9D21FD13FFB6B17BFCB2F999FC8819B8" box="[770,796,1650,1676]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F330760AFFB6B17BFC9BF99AFC3C19BF" box="[811,936,1648,1675]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
];
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB6B17BFC0DF99AFBCC19BF" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1910" box="[957,1112,1649,1675]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Leptanillinae">Leptanillinae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
?
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB6B17BFBDFF99AFB7319BF" baseAuthorityName="Holldobler & Wilson" baseAuthorityYear="1990" box="[1135,1255,1649,1675]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Protanilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB6B17BFBDFF99AFB7319BF" box="[1135,1255,1649,1675]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Protanilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
[
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCount id="9D21FD13FFB6B17BFB4AF999FA8019B8" box="[1274,1300,1650,1676]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F330760AFFB6B17BFA93F99AFA0C19BF" box="[1315,1432,1649,1675]" name="Indonesia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F330760AFFB6B17BFF53F97FFEC1199B" box="[227,341,1684,1711]" name="Malaysia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
];
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB6B17BFED6F97FFD95199A" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1910" box="[358,513,1684,1710]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Leptanillinae">Leptanillinae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
indet. [
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCount id="9D21FD13FFB6B17BFDE9F97EFDE7199B" box="[601,627,1685,1711]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
|||
|
|
: Borneo,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F330760AFFB6B17BFD52F97FFBC5199A" box="[738,1105,1684,1710]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Democratic Republic of Congo</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F330760AFFB6B17BFBECF97FFB45199A" box="[1116,1233,1684,1710]" name="Indonesia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F330760AFFB6B17BFB6BF97FFADE199A" box="[1243,1354,1684,1710]" name="Malaysia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F330760AFFB6B17BFAE4F97EFEED19E5" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F330760AFFB6B17BFE34F95CFE6719E6" box="[388,499,1719,1746]" name="Thailand" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
].
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="C33D6511FFB6B17BFF53F912FE561851" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="distribution">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB6B17BFF53F912FEE81827" blockId="30.[227,380,1785,1811]" box="[227,380,1785,1811]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
|||
|
|
<heading id="D0D081F6FFB6B17BFF53F912FEE81827" bold="true" box="[227,380,1785,1811]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" reason="3">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB6B17BFF53F912FEE81827" bold="true" box="[227,380,1785,1811]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Distribution</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</heading>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB6B17BFF53F8CCFE561851" blockId="30.[227,1436,1831,1893]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Old World: Palearctic (Europe, Southern Asia, and Northern Africa), Afrotropical, Australasian, and Australian regions.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="C33D6511FFB6B145FF53F867FB3019EB" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="discussion">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB6B17BFF53F867FEF31892" blockId="30.[227,359,1932,1958]" box="[227,359,1932,1958]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
|||
|
|
<heading id="D0D081F6FFB6B17BFF53F867FEF31892" bold="true" box="[227,359,1932,1958]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" reason="3">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB6B17BFF53F867FEF31892" bold="true" box="[227,359,1932,1958]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Discussion</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</heading>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB6B17BFF53F850FA0818CC" blockId="30.[227,1436,1979,2041]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
|||
|
|
The
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB6B17BFEABF850FE2D18E1" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1910" box="[283,441,1979,2005]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Leptanillinae">Leptanillinae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, based on males, is defined by the apomorphies presented in the diagnosis above (in italics). At present the subfamily is comprised of eight genera with the re-inclusion of the male-
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB7B17AFF53FEDBFB081E59" blockId="31.[227,1436,304,366]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
|||
|
|
based taxa
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB7B17AFED4FEDBFDEA1E7E" authority="Petersen, 1968" authorityName="Petersen" authorityYear="1968" box="[356,638,304,330]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Noonilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB7B17AFED4FEDBFE5F1E7E" box="[356,459,304,330]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Noonilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B6BFFB7B17AFE61FEDBFDEA1E7E" author="Petersen B." box="[465,638,304,330]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="577 - 598" refId="ref32319" refString="Petersen B. 1968. Some novelties in presumed males of Leptanillinae (Hym., Formicidae). Entomologiske Meddelelser 36: 577 - 598." type="journal article" year="1968">Petersen, 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB7B17AFD3EFEDBFD631E7E" bold="true" box="[654,759,304,330]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">stat. rev.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
) and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB7B17AFC89FEDBFBDA1E7F" authority="Brues, 1925" authorityName="Brues" authorityYear="1925" box="[825,1102,304,331]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Scyphodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB7B17AFC89FEDBFC2E1E7E" box="[825,954,304,330]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Scyphodon</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Brues, 1925
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB7B17AFBEEFEDBFB531E7E" bold="true" box="[1118,1223,304,330]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">stat. rev.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
). Both
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB7B17AFAAFFEDAFE041E59" authority="Petersen, 1968" authorityName="Petersen" authorityYear="1968" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Noonilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="copiosa">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB7B17AFAAFFEDAFA081E7E" box="[1311,1436,305,330]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">N. copiosa</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B6BFFB7B17AFF53FEBFFE041E59" author="Petersen B." box="[227,400,339,366]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="577 - 598" refId="ref32319" refString="Petersen B. 1968. Some novelties in presumed males of Leptanillinae (Hym., Formicidae). Entomologiske Meddelelser 36: 577 - 598." type="journal article" year="1968">Petersen, 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB7B17AFE78FEB8FD631E5A" authority="Brues, 1925" authorityName="Brues" authorityYear="1925" box="[456,759,339,366]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Scyphodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anomalum">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB7B17AFE78FEB8FDF61E59" box="[456,610,339,365]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">S. anomalum</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Brues, 1925
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
are transferred to the
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB7B17AFC49FEB8FB0C1E59" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1910" box="[1017,1176,339,365]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Leptanillinae">Leptanillinae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB7B17AFF53FE7FFA081D2C" blockId="31.[227,1436,404,537]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
|||
|
|
The
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB7B17AFEA7FE7FFE261E9A" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1910" box="[279,434,404,430]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Leptanillinae">Leptanillinae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
was first delimited as a tribe of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB7B17AFC96FE7FFC0F1E9A" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[806,923,404,430]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Dorylinae">Dorylinae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
by
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B6BFFB7B17AFC76FE7EFBF81E9B" author="Emery C." box="[966,1132,405,431]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="1 - 34" refId="ref31112" refString="Emery C. 1910. Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Dorylinae. Genera Insectorum 102: 1 - 34. http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / bibliography / 45481 # / summary" type="journal article" year="1910">Emery (1910)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
, but has consistently been considered a distinct subfamily since
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B6BFFB7B17AFD1FFE53FCFA1EE6" author="Wheeler W. M." box="[687,878,440,466]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" refId="ref33363" refString="Wheeler W. M. 1923. Social life among the insects. New York, Harcourt, Brace and Co." type="book" year="1923">Wheeler (1923)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
, except for
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B6BFFB7B17AFBB4FE53FB441EE6" author="Bernard F." box="[1028,1232,439,466]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="997 - 1104" refId="ref29681" refString="Bernard F. 1951. Hymenopteres, super-famille des Formicoidea Ashmead 1905. In: Grasse P. P. (ed) Traite de Zoologie. Tome X. Fasc. II: 997 - 1104. Masson et Cie, Paris." type="book chapter" year="1951">Bernard’s (1951)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
treatment of the “
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB7B17AFF5DFE30FE1E1EC1" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1804" box="[237,394,475,501]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Formicoidea">Formicoidea</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
”, in which the leptanillines were treated as a family.
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB7B17AFC57FE30FBFF1EC1" box="[999,1131,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Opamyrma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB7B17AFC57FE30FBFF1EC1" box="[999,1131,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Opamyrma</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
was described by
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B6BFFB7B17AFA8DFE30FEE01D2C" author="Yamane S. & Bui T. V. & Eguchi K." pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="55 - 63" refId="ref33525" refString="Yamane S., Bui T. V. & Eguchi K. 2008. Opamyrma hungvuong, a new genus and species of ant related to Apomyrma (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Amblyoponinae). Zootaxa 1767: 55 - 63." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
|||
|
|
Yamane
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB7B17AFF53FE14FE8A1D2C" box="[227,286,510,536]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(2008)
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
who assigned the genus to the
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB7B17AFD53FE15FC341D2C" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1893" box="[739,928,510,536]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Amblyoponinae">Amblyoponinae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
using the concept of
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B6BFFB7B17AFB2EFE15FAE61D2C" author="Saux C. & Fisher B. L. & Spicer G. S." box="[1182,1394,510,536]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="457 - 468" refId="ref32540" refString="Saux C., Fisher B. L. & Spicer G. S. 2004. Dracula ant phylogeny as inferred by nuclear 28 S rDNA sequences and implications for ant systematics (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Amblyoponinae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 33: 457 - 468. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2004.06.017" type="journal article" year="2004">
|
|||
|
|
Saux
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB7B17AFB51FE14FA881D2C" box="[1249,1308,510,536]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(2004)
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
for
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<caption id="DF586612FFB7B17AFF53F8A9FABC1739" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3780168" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3780168" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3780168/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" startId="31.[227,270,1858,1884]" targetBox="[228,1436,601,1807]" targetPageId="31">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB7B17AFF53F8A9FA0818DD" blockId="31.[227,1437,1858,2026]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB7B17AFF53F8A9FEDE1868" bold="true" box="[227,330,1858,1884]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 10.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Representative males of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB7B17AFD2EF8A9FCA81868" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1910" box="[670,828,1858,1884]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Leptanillinae">Leptanillinae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, lateral view
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB7B17AFC49F8A9FB9A1868" bold="true" box="[1017,1038,1858,1884]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">A</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB7B17AFB98F8A8FB341869" baseAuthorityName="Holldobler & Wilson" baseAuthorityYear="1990" box="[1064,1184,1859,1885]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Protanilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB7B17AFB98F8A8FB341869" box="[1064,1184,1859,1885]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Protanilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
“TH01” (Thailand, CASENT0119776, A. Nobile), arrow indicates loss of abdominal segment II petiolation.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB7B17AFAB2F88DFA8218B4" bold="true" box="[1282,1302,1894,1920]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">B</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB7B17AFA95F88DFA0918B4" baseAuthorityName="Holldobler & Wilson" baseAuthorityYear="1990" box="[1317,1437,1894,1920]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Protanilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB7B17AFA95F88DFA0918B4" box="[1317,1437,1894,1920]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Protanilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
“TH03” (Thailand, CASENT0119791, E. Prado).
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB7B17AFC8CF862FCC51897" bold="true" box="[828,849,1929,1955]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">C</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB7B17AFCD3F862FBBE1897" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1932" box="[867,1066,1929,1955]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="swani">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB7B17AFCD3F862FBBE1897" box="[867,1066,1929,1955]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Leptanilla swani</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(Australia, CASENT0172318, A. Nobile).
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB7B17AFEC7F847FE1818F2" bold="true" box="[375,396,1964,1990]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">D</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB7B17AFE2FF847FD8318F2" baseAuthorityName="Holldobler & Wilson" baseAuthorityYear="1990" box="[415,535,1964,1990]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Protanilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB7B17AFE2FF847FD8318F2" box="[415,535,1964,1990]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Protanilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
sp. (Indonesia, CASENT0178838, A. Nobile), arrow indicates basolateral basimeral process.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB7B17AFE74F83BFE4C18DE" bold="true" box="[452,472,2000,2026]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">E</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB7B17AFE57F824FDFC18DD" authorityName="Brues" authorityYear="1925" box="[487,616,1999,2025]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Scyphodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB7B17AFE57F824FDFC18DD" box="[487,616,1999,2025]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Scyphodon</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
sp. (Indonesia, MCZ155112w, A. Nobile).
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB7B17AFBDAF83BFBE818DE" bold="true" box="[1130,1148,2000,2026]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">F</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB7B17AFB3BF824FB6618DD" authorityName="Petersen" authorityYear="1968" box="[1163,1266,1999,2025]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Noonilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB7B17AFB3BF824FB6618DD" box="[1163,1266,1999,2025]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Noonilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
sp., used with
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB7B17AFF53F819FABC1739" blockId="31.[227,1320,2034,2061]" box="[227,1320,2034,2061]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
|||
|
|
permission from
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B6BFFB7B17AFE1BF818FDFC1739" author="Petersen B." box="[427,616,2034,2061]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="577 - 598" refId="ref32319" refString="Petersen B. 1968. Some novelties in presumed males of Leptanillinae (Hym., Formicidae). Entomologiske Meddelelser 36: 577 - 598." type="journal article" year="1968">Petersen (1968)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
. Scale bars: A, C, E–F =
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4CDF9B7FFFB7B17AFC3FF818FC781739" box="[911,1004,2035,2061]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
, D =
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4CDF9B7FFFB7B17AFB9BF819FB1C1739" box="[1067,1160,2034,2061]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
, B = 1.0 mm.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</caption>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF88B145FF53FEDAFC171EA5" blockId="32.[227,1437,305,402]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
|||
|
|
the subfamily, although they concomitantly referred to the genus as belonging to the
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF88B145FB5BFEDAFA0C1E7F" box="[1259,1432,305,331]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Apomyrminae">Apomyrminae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. Discovery of the male of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF88B145FDB3FEBEFD131E5B" box="[515,647,341,367]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Opamyrma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF88B145FDB3FEBEFD131E5B" box="[515,647,341,367]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Opamyrma</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and the larvae and gynes of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF88B145FC78FEBEFBD81E5B" box="[968,1100,341,367]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Opamyrma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF88B145FC78FEBEFBD81E5B" box="[968,1100,341,367]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Opamyrma</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF88B145FB30FEBFFB791E5A" box="[1152,1261,340,366]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Martialis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF88B145FB30FEBFFB791E5A" box="[1152,1261,340,366]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Martialis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
are anticipated to contribute to the resolution of the “basal ant problem”.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF88B145FF53FE52FE661DD9" blockId="32.[227,1437,441,749]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
|||
|
|
As noted by prior authors (e.g.,
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B6BFF88B145FDFAFE52FCA71EE7" author="Baroni Urbani C." box="[586,819,441,467]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="427 - 488" refId="ref29599" refString="Baroni Urbani C. 1977. Materiali per una revisione della sottofamiglia Leptanillinae Emery Hymenoptera: Formicidae. Entomologica Basiliensia 2: 427 - 488." type="journal article" year="1977">Baroni Urbani 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B6BFF88B145FC8DFE52FC4A1EE7" author="Bolton B." box="[829,990,441,467]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="267 - 282" refId="ref29903" refString="Bolton B. 1990 b. The higher classification of the ant subfamily Leptanillinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Systematic Entomology 15: 267 - 282. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1990. tb 00063. x" type="journal article" year="1990">
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="49E3F878FF88B145FC8DFE52FC191EE7" box="[829,909,441,467]" country="United Kingdom" name="Bolton" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Bolton</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
1990b
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B6BFF88B145FC58FE52FB3A1EE0" author="Ogata K. & Terayama M. & Masuko K." box="[1000,1198,441,468]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="27 - 34" refId="ref32211" refString="Ogata K., Terayama M. & Masuko K. 1995. The ant genus Leptanilla: discovery of the worker-associated male of L. japonica, and a description of a new species from Taiwan (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Leptanillinae). Systematic Entomology 20: 27 - 34. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1995. tb 00081. x" type="journal article" year="1995">
|
|||
|
|
Ogata
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF88B145FB83FE51FBFF1EE7" box="[1075,1131,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
1995
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
), the
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF88B145FB59FE52FA101EE7" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1910" box="[1257,1412,441,467]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Leptanillinae">Leptanillinae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
is unfortunately subject to parallel taxonomies, with two genera known only from workers (
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF88B145FB69FE37FA001EC2" authorityName="Taylor" authorityYear="1990" box="[1241,1428,476,502]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anomalomyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF88B145FB69FE37FA001EC2" box="[1241,1428,476,502]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Anomalomyrma</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF88B145FF53FE14FEE21D2D" authorityName="Xu" authorityYear="2012" box="[227,374,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Furcotanilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF88B145FF53FE14FEE21D2D" box="[227,374,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Furcotanilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
), four genera known only from males (
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF88B145FC8FFE14FC321D2D" authorityName="Petersen" authorityYear="1968" box="[831,934,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Noonilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF88B145FC8FFE14FC321D2D" box="[831,934,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Noonilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF88B145FC04FE14FBCE1D2D" authorityName="Wheeler & Wheeler" authorityYear="1930" box="[948,1114,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Phaulomyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF88B145FC04FE14FBCE1D2D" box="[948,1114,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Phaulomyrma</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF88B145FBD8FE14FB7D1D2D" authorityName="Brues" authorityYear="1925" box="[1128,1257,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Scyphodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF88B145FBD8FE14FB7D1D2D" box="[1128,1257,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Scyphodon</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF88B145FB46FE14FACE1D2D" authorityName="Kugler" authorityYear="1987" box="[1270,1370,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Yavnella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF88B145FB46FE14FACE1D2D" box="[1270,1370,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Yavnella</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
), and two genera known from both castes (
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF88B145FD18FDC8FCB51D09" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1870" box="[680,801,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF88B145FD18FDC8FCB51D09" box="[680,801,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Leptanilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF88B145FC83FDC8FC3F1D09" baseAuthorityName="Holldobler & Wilson" baseAuthorityYear="1990" box="[819,939,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Protanilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF88B145FC83FDC8FC3F1D09" box="[819,939,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Protanilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
). The
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF88B145FC4DFDC9FB0C1D08" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1910" box="[1021,1176,546,572]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Leptanillinae">Leptanillinae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
is in need of generic revision, especially given the highly variable morphologies of the males. As this is beyond the scope of the present paper, the male of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF88B145FDDCFD82FD701DB7" baseAuthorityName="Holldobler & Wilson" baseAuthorityYear="1990" box="[620,740,617,643]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Protanilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF88B145FDDCFD82FD701DB7" box="[620,740,617,643]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Protanilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, although recently identified by the Ant Tree of Life Team (P.S. Ward
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF88B145FEDAFD66FE331D92" box="[362,423,652,678]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
, unpubl. data; AntWeb 2014), is not described. Moreover, there is a spectacular and perplexing diversity of leptanilline males from Southeast Asia, which await classification and association with workers (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="131C2A1FFF88B145FE3DFD39FE711DD9" box="[397,485,722,749]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="31.[227,270,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[228,1436,601,1807]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[228,1436,601,1818]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Fig. 10. Representative males of Leptanillinae, lateral view A. Protanilla “TH01” (Thailand, CASENT0119776, A. Nobile), arrow indicates loss of abdominal segment II petiolation. B. Protanilla “TH03” (Thailand, CASENT0119791, E. Prado). C. Leptanilla swani (Australia, CASENT0172318, A. Nobile). D. Protanilla sp. (Indonesia, CASENT0178838, A. Nobile), arrow indicates basolateral basimeral process. E. Scyphodon sp. (Indonesia, MCZ155112w, A. Nobile). F. Noonilla sp., used with permission from Petersen (1968). Scale bars: A, C, E–F = 0.2 mm, D = 0.5 mm, B = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3780168" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3780168/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF88B145FF53FCFEFDD01B5F" blockId="32.[227,1437,788,1131]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
|||
|
|
Except for the mandibles of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF88B145FD97FCFFFD3C1C1A" authorityName="Brues" authorityYear="1925" box="[551,680,788,814]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Scyphodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF88B145FD97FCFFFD3C1C1A" box="[551,680,788,814]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Scyphodon</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and the sexual characteristics of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF88B145FB92FCFFFB1D1C1A" authorityName="Petersen" authorityYear="1968" box="[1058,1161,788,814]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Noonilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF88B145FB92FCFFFB1D1C1A" box="[1058,1161,788,814]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Noonilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, these two are “typical” leptanillines (compare specimens in
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="131C2A1FFF88B145FD12FCDCFD691C65" box="[674,765,823,849]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="31.[227,270,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[228,1436,601,1807]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[228,1436,601,1818]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Fig. 10. Representative males of Leptanillinae, lateral view A. Protanilla “TH01” (Thailand, CASENT0119776, A. Nobile), arrow indicates loss of abdominal segment II petiolation. B. Protanilla “TH03” (Thailand, CASENT0119791, E. Prado). C. Leptanilla swani (Australia, CASENT0172318, A. Nobile). D. Protanilla sp. (Indonesia, CASENT0178838, A. Nobile), arrow indicates basolateral basimeral process. E. Scyphodon sp. (Indonesia, MCZ155112w, A. Nobile). F. Noonilla sp., used with permission from Petersen (1968). Scale bars: A, C, E–F = 0.2 mm, D = 0.5 mm, B = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3780168" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3780168/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). They exhibit proposed formicid synapomorphies: the prodisticoxal cavity is closed, the propodeal spiracle is situated low on the propodeum, and the metasoma is petiolate. Placement of these genera in the
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF88B145FD5FFC95FC1E1CAC" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1910" box="[751,906,894,920]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Leptanillinae">Leptanillinae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
is supported by the presence of the following apomorphies: mandibles nub-like to spatulate (secondarily hypertrophied in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF88B145FB1DFC4AFABA1C8F" authorityName="Brues" authorityYear="1925" box="[1197,1326,929,955]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Scyphodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF88B145FB1DFC4AFABA1C8F" box="[1197,1326,929,955]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Scyphodon</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
); buccal cavity reduced; medial hypostoma vestigial; clypeus strongly reduced; and Ogata venation
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="549C8838FF88B145FA9BFC2EFACA1CEB" box="[1323,1374,965,991]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">type</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
IVb. The following characteristics support the placement: palpal formula 1,1; meso-segment of mesosoma elongated anteriorly; and abdominal tergum VIII enlarged (not present in all material attributed to
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF88B145FF53FBC5FEF01B7C" authorityName="Brues" authorityYear="1925" box="[227,356,1070,1096]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Scyphodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF88B145FF53FBC5FEF01B7C" box="[227,356,1070,1096]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Scyphodon</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
). Of the formicid pleisiomorphies present in these genera, the most diagnostically valuable is absence of propodeal lobes.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF88B145FF53FB79FB3019EB" blockId="32.[227,1437,1170,1760]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B6BFF88B145FF53FB79FE571B99" author="Ogata K. & Terayama M. & Masuko K." box="[227,451,1170,1197]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="27 - 34" refId="ref32211" refString="Ogata K., Terayama M. & Masuko K. 1995. The ant genus Leptanilla: discovery of the worker-associated male of L. japonica, and a description of a new species from Taiwan (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Leptanillinae). Systematic Entomology 20: 27 - 34. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1995. tb 00081. x" type="journal article" year="1995">
|
|||
|
|
Ogata
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF88B145FE81FB78FEF81B98" box="[305,364,1170,1196]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(1995)
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
indicated several characters which were dubiously diagnostic for the
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF88B145FB4AFB79FA0C1B98" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1910" box="[1274,1432,1170,1196]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Leptanillinae">Leptanillinae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, specifically including: reduced palp formula; elongated pronotum; fore femora shape; reduced venation; metapleural gland absence; terminal abdominal segment reduction; cupula (= basal ring) absence; and cuspis absent. It is agreed that palpal formula may be reduced in other
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF88B145FBD9FB17FB661A22" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1809" box="[1129,1266,1276,1302]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Formicidae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, but reduction to 1,1 occurs in the
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF88B145FE53FAF4FC9B1A0E" authority="(Aenictogiton)" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" baseAuthorityName="Aenictogiton" box="[483,783,1311,1338]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Dorylinae">
|
|||
|
|
Dorylinae (
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF88B145FDDEFACBFC901A0E" box="[622,772,1312,1338]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Aenictogiton</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
)
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, the
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF88B145FCE2FAF4FC751A0D" authorityName="Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau" authorityYear="1835" box="[850,993,1311,1337]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Myrmicinae">Myrmicinae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(e.g.,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF88B145FB85FAF4FB7D1A0D" box="[1077,1257,1311,1337]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Eurhopalothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF88B145FB85FAF4FB7D1A0D" box="[1077,1257,1311,1337]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Eurhopalothrix</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF88B145FB4DFAF4FAF11A0D" box="[1277,1381,1311,1337]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF88B145FB4DFAF4FAF11A0D" box="[1277,1381,1311,1337]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Pheidole</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF88B145FF53FAA8FEEF1A68" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1855" box="[227,379,1347,1372]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF88B145FF53FAA8FEEF1A68" box="[227,379,1347,1372]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Tetramorium</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
-clade inquilines,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF88B145FDFEFAA8FD4B1A69" box="[590,735,1347,1373]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strumigenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF88B145FDFEFAA8FD4B1A69" box="[590,735,1347,1373]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Strumigenys</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF88B145FD5EFAA9FC0A1A68" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1900" box="[750,926,1346,1372]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Rhopalomastix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF88B145FD5EFAA9FC0A1A68" box="[750,926,1346,1372]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Rhopalomastix</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
), and the
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF88B145FBA6FAA9FB1F1A68" authorityName="Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau" authorityYear="1835" box="[1046,1163,1346,1372]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ponerinae">Ponerinae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(e.g.,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF88B145FB67FAA8FAFE1A68" box="[1239,1386,1347,1372]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF88B145FB67FAA8FAFE1A68" box="[1239,1386,1347,1372]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Hypoponera</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF88B145FF53FA8EFECC1A4B" box="[227,344,1381,1407]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Simopelta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF88B145FF53FA8EFECC1A4B" box="[227,344,1381,1407]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Simopelta</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
). It is evident that
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF88B145FDF4FA8EFD511A4B" authorityName="Brues" authorityYear="1925" box="[580,709,1381,1407]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Scyphodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF88B145FDF4FA8EFD511A4B" box="[580,709,1381,1407]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Scyphodon</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF88B145FCB4FA8EFCFF1A4B" authorityName="Petersen" authorityYear="1968" box="[772,875,1381,1407]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Noonilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF88B145FCB4FA8EFCFF1A4B" box="[772,875,1381,1407]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Noonilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
are not closely related to the genera indicated above. The elongate mesoscutum with concomitant posterior elongation of the pronotum is not present in all
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF88B145FE96FA47FE551AF2" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1910" box="[294,449,1452,1478]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Leptanillinae">Leptanillinae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and also occurs in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF88B145FD12FA47FC6A1AF3" authority="(Amblyoponinae)" authorityName="Brown, Gotwald Jr. & Levieux" authorityYear="1971" baseAuthorityName="Amblyoponinae" box="[674,1022,1452,1479]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Apomyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF88B145FD12FA47FCB71AF2" box="[674,803,1452,1478]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Apomyrma</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(Amblyoponinae)
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, but is otherwise unique among the
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF88B145FF53FA24FEF91ADD" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1809" box="[227,365,1487,1513]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Formicidae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. The fore femoral modifications of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF88B145FCADFA24FC101ADD" authorityName="Petersen" authorityYear="1968" box="[797,900,1487,1513]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Noonilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF88B145FCADFA24FC101ADD" box="[797,900,1487,1513]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Noonilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
are autapomorphic, and are certainly sexual characters.As discussed in note 5 of the
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF88B145FD1CFA19FCD31938" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1910" box="[684,839,1522,1548]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Leptanillinae">Leptanillinae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
diagnosis, the reduced venation of the
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF88B145FAB2FA19FA091938" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1910" box="[1282,1437,1522,1548]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Leptanillinae">Leptanillinae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
is highly diagnostic of the group. Certainly, of any of the dubious characters Ogata
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF88B145FB0BF9FDFB62191B" box="[1211,1270,1557,1583]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
indicated, the metapleural gland absence is the least valuable and in no way supports contentions about relationships in male ants. It is difficult to assess development of the cupula without dissecting the few specimens of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF88B145FEB5F994FEF819AD" authorityName="Petersen" authorityYear="1968" box="[261,364,1663,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Noonilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF88B145FEB5F994FEF819AD" box="[261,364,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Noonilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF88B145FE18F994FDBD19AD" authorityName="Brues" authorityYear="1925" box="[424,553,1663,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Scyphodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF88B145FE18F994FDBD19AD" box="[424,553,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Scyphodon</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
available, so evaluation of these characters is set aside for future studies. Cuspides are present at least in some
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF88B145FD2AF949FC861988" baseAuthorityName="Holldobler & Wilson" baseAuthorityYear="1990" box="[666,786,1698,1724]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Protanilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF88B145FD2AF949FC861988" box="[666,786,1698,1724]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Protanilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
males, and thus are not diagnostic for the
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF88B145FAB2F949FA091988" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1910" box="[1282,1437,1698,1724]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Leptanillinae">Leptanillinae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
on the whole, but absence may be apomorphic for the remainder of the subfamily.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</treatment>
|
|||
|
|
</document>
|