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<mods:title id="0A7250D0E5B65749316D3328A627DD95">The Muscidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia, descriptions of two new species, new records and updated list of species</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="C1C58816BE65A46325487CB974B40A8C">Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, PO Box 9004, Abha- 61413, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. mohd _ robiya @ hotmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3323 - 3623</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="F91958B6E28BB64017F3411235B7180B">National Museum of Wales, Department of Natural Sciences, Entomology Section, Cardiff, CF 10 3 NP, UK. john. deeming @ museumwales. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6703 - 8180</mods:affiliation>
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<emphasis id="B932753B2C12FFA0FF3A6433FF730505" bold="true" box="[151,229,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Musca</emphasis>
(
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) 
<emphasis id="B932753B2C12FFA0FEFE6432FE500505" bold="true" box="[339,454,1338,1365]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">domestica</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B932753B2C12FFA0FF3A6457FF740528" box="[151,226,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Musca</emphasis>
(
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) 
<emphasis id="B932753B2C12FFA0FEE06457FE290529" box="[333,447,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">domestica</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B932753B2C12FFA0FF6A648AFEF705CC" bold="true" box="[199,353,1410,1436]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Distribution.</emphasis>
This species was previously recorded from 
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by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C12FFA0FBAB648BFB6705CD" author="Abu-Thuraya, N. H." box="[1030,1265,1411,1437]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref29517" refString="Abu-Thuraya, N. H. (1982) General Survey, Agricultural in Saudi Arabia. Ministry of Agriculture and Water, Agriculture Research Department of Plant Protection, Riyadh, 326 pp." type="book" year="1982">Abu-Thuraya (1982)</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C12FFA0FB56648BFA0105CD" author="Arafat, A." box="[1275,1431,1411,1437]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref29873" refString="Arafat, A. (1974) Agriculture Pests of Economic Importance in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Vol. II. Ministry of Agriculture and Water, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 370 pp." type="book" year="1974">Arafat (1974)</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C12FFA0FF3A64AFFE110591" author="Buttiker, W. &amp; Attiah, M. D. &amp; Pont, A. C." box="[151,391,1447,1473]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="352 - 367" refId="ref30624" refString="Buttiker, W., Attiah, M. D. &amp; Pont, A. C. (1979) Insects of Saudi Arabia. Diptera: Synanthropic flies. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 1, 352 - 367." type="journal article" year="1979">
Büttiker 
<emphasis id="B932753B2C12FFA0FF5764AFFEBD0591" box="[250,299,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al</emphasis>
. (1979)
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C12FFA0FE3E64AFFDC10592" author="Dabbour, A. I." box="[403,599,1447,1474]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="117 - 119" refId="ref31125" refString="Dabbour, A. I. (1979 b) Note on dipterous flies in western and central regions of Saudi Arabia. Journal of Faculty of Science, Riyadh University, 10, 117 - 119." type="journal article" year="1979">Dabbour (1979b)</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C12FFA0FDCE64AFFCCF0591" author="Dabbour, A. I. &amp; Mostafa, A. S. S. &amp; Gadallah, A. I." box="[611,857,1447,1473]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="75 - 78" refId="ref31163" refString="Dabbour, A. I., Mostafa, A. S. S. &amp; Gadallah, A. I. (1980) Composition of fly species in different habitats in Saudi Arabia. Journal of College of Agriculture, Riyadh University, 2, 75 - 78." type="journal article" year="1980">
Dabbour 
<emphasis id="B932753B2C12FFA0FD6164AFFD6B0591" box="[716,765,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al</emphasis>
. (1980)
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C12FFA0FCC864AFFC750591" author="Pont, A. C." box="[869,995,1447,1473]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="721 - 761" refId="ref34918" refString="Pont, A. C. (1980) 85 Family Muscidae. In: Crosskey, R. W. (Ed.), Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 721 - 761." type="book chapter" year="1980">Pont (1980</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C12FFA0FC4264AFFBBD0591" author="Pont, A. C." box="[1007,1067,1447,1473]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref35020" refString="Pont, A. C. (1991) A review of the Fanniidae and Muscidae (Diptera) of the Arabian Peninsula. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 12, 312 - 265." type="book" year="1991">1991</bibRefCitation>
); 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C12FFA0FBED64AFFAF80591" author="Dawah, H. A. &amp; Abdullah, M. A." box="[1088,1390,1447,1473]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="373 - 396" refId="ref31297" refString="Dawah, H. A. &amp; Abdullah, M. A. (2009) The Muscidae (Diptera: Brachycera: Muscomorpha) of south-western Saudi Arabia. Fauna of Arabia, 24, 373 - 396." type="journal article" year="2009">Dawah &amp; Abdullah (2009)</bibRefCitation>
; El-Hawagry 
<emphasis id="B932753B2C12FFA0FEA864C3FEA005B5" box="[261,310,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al</emphasis>
. (2013; 2016; 2017; 2018). It was described from Europe and America.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF9A9292C12FFA0FF6A64E6FAD7071D" blockId="11.[151,1437,1338,1869]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B932753B2C12FFA0FF6A64E6FE2B0659" bold="true" box="[199,445,1518,1545]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Taxonomic remarks.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C12FFA0FE6864E7FD150659" author="Pont, A. C." box="[453,643,1519,1545]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref35020" refString="Pont, A. C. (1991) A review of the Fanniidae and Muscidae (Diptera) of the Arabian Peninsula. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 12, 312 - 265." type="book" year="1991">Pont (1991: 327)</bibRefCitation>
discussed the status of various forms/species (especially 
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<emphasis id="B932753B2C12FFA0FAAA64E7FAC40658" box="[1287,1362,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Musca</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B932753B2C12FFA0FACE64E7FF27067C" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Musca</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B932753B2C12FFA0FF6F671BFE1D067D" box="[194,395,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">domestica calleva</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C12FFA0FE3F671BFDBE067D" author="Walker, F." box="[402,552,1555,1581]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="485 - 687" refId="ref37624" refString="Walker, F. (1849) List of the specimens of dipterous insects in the collection of the British Museum (part), Part 2 - Part 4. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 231 - 484, pp. 485 - 687 &amp; pp. 688 - 1172." type="journal article" year="1849">Walker, 1849</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and 
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<emphasis id="B932753B2C12FFA0FDF3671BFD3F067C" box="[606,681,1555,1580]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Musca</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B932753B2C12FFA0FD14671BFC92067C" box="[697,772,1555,1580]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Musca</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B932753B2C12FFA0FCB9671BFC10067D" box="[788,902,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">domestica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C12FFA0FC20671BFBAC067D" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[909,1082,1554,1581]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref33536" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum caracteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. 10 th Edition. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae (Stockholm), 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
) within the 
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<emphasis id="B932753B2C12FFA0FB6C671BFAA5067D" box="[1217,1331,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">domestica</emphasis>
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-complex in the Arabian Peninsula. 
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<emphasis id="B932753B2C12FFA0FE13673FFDC10601" box="[446,599,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">M. domestica</emphasis>
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is one of the most widespread of all animals, having followed man to all parts of the world. Although it does not bite us, adults are dangerous vectors of different pathogens when they land on our food and these pathogens reach our digestive and respiratory systems. Its public health significance in 
<collectingCountry id="F351E9B92C12FFA0FAF16777FF7506ED" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
has been reviewed by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C12FFA0FE4467ABFD4A06ED" author="Buttiker, W. &amp; Attiah, M. D. &amp; Pont, A. C." box="[489,732,1699,1725]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="352 - 367" refId="ref30624" refString="Buttiker, W., Attiah, M. D. &amp; Pont, A. C. (1979) Insects of Saudi Arabia. Diptera: Synanthropic flies. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 1, 352 - 367." type="journal article" year="1979">
Büttiker 
<emphasis id="B932753B2C12FFA0FDE067ABFD1606ED" box="[589,640,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al</emphasis>
. (1979)
</bibRefCitation>
. Its world-wide distribution and huge numbers make it one of the world’s worst pests. House-fly eggs are laid in decaying material of animal and or plant origin where the rate of fermentation is high (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C12FFA0FE2A67E3FDA00755" author="Skidmore, P." box="[391,566,1770,1797]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref36277" refString="Skidmore, P. (1985) The Biology of the Muscidae of the World. Series Entomologica 29. Dr. W. Junk Publishers, Dordrecht, 550 pp." type="book" year="1985">Skidmore 1985</bibRefCitation>
) such as rubbish dumps and manure heaps being particularly favoured. There are three subspecies with considerable differences in their biology and behaviour, 
<taxonomicName id="4C46D2AA2C12FFA0FB826607FAE10779" authority="domestica" box="[1071,1399,1807,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Musca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="domestica" subGenus="Musca" subSpecies="domestica">
<emphasis id="B932753B2C12FFA0FB826607FBD80778" box="[1071,1102,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">M.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B932753B2C12FFA0FBF06607FBEA0778" box="[1117,1148,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">M.</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B932753B2C12FFA0FB216607FAE10779" box="[1164,1399,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">domestica domestica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L., 
<taxonomicName id="4C46D2AA2C12FFA0FF3A663BFD83071D" authority="Walker" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1849" box="[151,533,1843,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Musca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="domestica" subGenus="Musca" subSpecies="calleva">
<emphasis id="B932753B2C12FFA0FF3A663BFF20071C" box="[151,182,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">M.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B932753B2C12FFA0FF6B663BFF73071C" box="[198,229,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">M.</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B932753B2C12FFA0FF59663BFE28071D" box="[244,446,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">domestica calleva</emphasis>
Walker
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C46D2AA2C12FFA0FDE6663BFAAB071D" authority="Sacca &amp; Rivosecchi (Hulley 1979)" authorityName="Sacca &amp; Rivosecchi (Hulley" authorityYear="1979" box="[587,1341,1843,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Musca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="domestica" subGenus="Musca" subSpecies="curviforceps">
<emphasis id="B932753B2C12FFA0FDE6663BFDFC071C" box="[587,618,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">M.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B932753B2C12FFA0FDD7663BFD0F071C" box="[634,665,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">M.</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B932753B2C12FFA0FD04663BFC3A071D" box="[681,940,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">domestica curviforceps</emphasis>
Sacca &amp; Rivosecchi (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C12FFA0FB0E663BFAA2071D" author="Hulley, P. E." box="[1187,1332,1843,1869]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="223 - 237" refId="ref33184" refString="Hulley, P. E. (1979) Relationships of the Musca domestica subspecies calleva and curviforceps (Diptera: Muscidae) in Rhodesia. Systematic Entomology, 4, 223 - 237. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1979. tb 00639. x" type="journal article" year="1979">Hulley 1979</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35CFAA22C15FFA7FF3A619FFD6A01D8" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BF9A9292C15FFA7FF3A619FFBC300E1" blockId="12.[151,1437,150,717]" box="[151,1109,150,177]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB568E072C15FFA7FF3A619FFBC300E1" box="[151,1109,150,177]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="4C46D2AA2C15FFA7FF3A619FFD1400E0" ID-CoL="8CWQW" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[151,642,150,177]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Musca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="domestica" subGenus="Musca">
<emphasis id="B932753B2C15FFA7FF3A619FFD1400E0" bold="true" box="[151,642,150,177]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B932753B2C15FFA7FF3A619FFF7300E1" bold="true" box="[151,229,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Musca</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B932753B2C15FFA7FF58619FFED500E1" bold="true" box="[245,323,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Musca</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B932753B2C15FFA7FEFE619EFE5000E1" bold="true" box="[339,454,150,177]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">domestica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C15FFA7FE63619EFD1400E0" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[462,642,150,176]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref33536" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum caracteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. 10 th Edition. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae (Stockholm), 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="137DB5AC2C15FFA7FD3C619EFD4000E0" box="[657,726,150,176]" captionStart="FIGURE" captionStartId="12.[151,251,1893,1917]" captionTargetBox="[159,1429,755,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-265@12.[151,1435,740,1869]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE. 6–9. Muscidae species habitus: 6) Musca (Byomya) lasiophthalma Thomson, 1869, Male; 7) Musca (Byomya) lucidula Loew, 1856, Female; 8) Musca (Lissosterna) albina Wiedemann, 1830, Female; 9) Musca domestica L., ssp. calleva Walker, 1849, Male." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4418254" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4418254/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
); spp. 
<treatmentCitation id="0AE78F382C15FFA7FC8C619EFBC600E1" author="Walker, F." box="[801,1104,150,177]" page="905" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="1849">
<taxonomicName id="4C46D2AA2C15FFA7FC8C619EFBC600E1" ID-CoL="44P3Z" authority="Walker, 1849: 905" authorityName="Walker" authorityPageNumber="905" authorityYear="1849" box="[801,1104,150,177]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Musca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calleva">
<emphasis id="B932753B2C15FFA7FC8C619EFC4300E0" bold="true" box="[801,981,150,177]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B932753B2C15FFA7FC8C619EFCE400E1" bold="true" box="[801,882,150,177]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">calleva</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C15FFA7FCD4619EFC4300E0" author="Walker, F." box="[889,981,150,176]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="485 - 687" refId="ref37624" refString="Walker, F. (1849) List of the specimens of dipterous insects in the collection of the British Museum (part), Part 2 - Part 4. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 231 - 484, pp. 485 - 687 &amp; pp. 688 - 1172." type="journal article" year="1849">Walker,</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
1849: 905
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF9A9292C15FFA7FF3A61B3FD250085" blockId="12.[151,1437,150,717]" box="[151,691,186,213]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB568E072C15FFA7FF3A61B3FD250085" box="[151,691,186,213]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<treatmentCitation id="0AE78F382C15FFA7FF3A61B3FD380085" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3922740" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3922740" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A6FA6E62-B01C-4053-84EE-92F156AEB690" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[151,686,186,213]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/25564530BC5968C798E66DD49B492556" page="596" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="1758">
<taxonomicName id="4C46D2AA2C15FFA7FF3A61B3FD380085" ID-CoL="8CWQW" authority="Linnaeus, 1758: 596" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityPageNumber="596" authorityYear="1758" box="[151,686,186,213]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Musca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="domestica" subGenus="Musca">
<emphasis id="B932753B2C15FFA7FF3A61B3FF740084" box="[151,226,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Musca</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B932753B2C15FFA7FF5F61B3FEAB0084" box="[242,317,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Musca</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B932753B2C15FFA7FEE061B2FE290084" box="[333,447,186,212]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">domestica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C15FFA7FE6B61B2FD380085" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[454,686,186,213]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref33536" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum caracteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. 10 th Edition. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae (Stockholm), 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758: 596</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF9A9292C15FFA7FF3A61D7FC8100A8" blockId="12.[151,1437,150,717]" box="[151,791,222,249]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB568E072C15FFA7FF3A61D7FC8100A8" box="[151,791,222,249]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="4C46D2AA2C15FFA7FF3A61D7FE7200A8" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1849" box="[151,484,222,249]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Musca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="domestica" subSpecies="calleva">
<emphasis id="B932753B2C15FFA7FF3A61D7FECD00A8" box="[151,347,222,248]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Musca domestica</emphasis>
ssp. 
<emphasis id="B932753B2C15FFA7FE3E61D6FE7200A8" box="[403,484,222,248]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">calleva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<treatmentCitation id="0AE78F382C15FFA7FE5F61D6FC8100A8" author="Buttiker, W. &amp; Attiah, M. D. &amp; Pont, A. C." box="[498,791,222,249]" page="360" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="1979">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C15FFA7FE5F61D6FD7500A8" author="Buttiker, W. &amp; Attiah, M. D. &amp; Pont, A. C." box="[498,739,222,249]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="352 - 367" refId="ref30624" refString="Buttiker, W., Attiah, M. D. &amp; Pont, A. C. (1979) Insects of Saudi Arabia. Diptera: Synanthropic flies. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 1, 352 - 367." type="journal article" year="1979">
Büttiker 
<emphasis id="B932753B2C15FFA7FDF861D7FD1000A8" box="[597,646,222,248]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al</emphasis>
. (1979)
</bibRefCitation>
: 360
</treatmentCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF9A9292C15FFA7FF6A600AFD6A01D8" blockId="12.[151,1437,150,717]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B932753B2C15FFA7FF6A600AFE5E014C" bold="true" box="[199,456,258,284]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Specimens examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B2EA3742C15FFA7FE7D600AFD760110" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3017349406" collectingDate="2013-04-01" collectingDateMax="2014-03-28" collectingDateMin="2013-04-01" collectionCode="CERS, NMWC" collectorName="H. A. Dawah" elevation="3" location="Saleh Maqbol Farm" municipality="Al-Shurfa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Najran">
<quantity id="4CBE04CC2C15FFA7FE7D600AFE60014C" box="[464,502,258,284]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="3.0">
<elevation id="006B4E1A2C15FFA7FE7D600AFE60014C" box="[464,502,258,284]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="3.0">3m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectingRegion id="498267CB2C15FFA7FDAE600AFDC4014C" box="[515,594,258,284]" country="Saudi Arabia" name="Najran" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Najran</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6B9D33532C15FFA7FDF0600AFD46014C" box="[605,720,258,284]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Al-Shurfa</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="8E99FFF22C15FFA7FD70600AFC57014D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EF183F2C12FFA6FF3A6433FEB90368:8E99FFF22C15FFA7FD70600AFC57014D" box="[733,961,258,285]" municipality="Al-Shurfa" name="Saleh Maqbol Farm" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" stateProvince="Najran">Saleh Maqbol Farm</location>
, 
<date id="FFF88FE92C15FFA7FC60600AFBF3014C" box="[973,1125,258,284]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2014-03-06" valueMax="2014-03-28" valueMin="2014-03-06">
<collectingDate id="EFBC76012C15FFA7FC60600AFBF3014C" box="[973,1125,258,284]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2014-03-06" valueMax="2014-03-28" valueMin="2014-03-06">6–28.iii.2014</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectingMethod id="5207D13E2C15FFA7FBDF600AFA97014D" box="[1138,1281,258,285]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Malaise trap</collectingMethod>
, 
<collectorName id="26B3CCFF2C15FFA7FAA3600AFA0A014C" box="[1294,1436,258,284]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">H.A. Dawah</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED5731EC2C15FFA7FF32602EFF7C0110" box="[159,234,294,320]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">CERS</collectionCode>
; 
<collectionCode id="ED5731EC2C15FFA7FF57602EFECF0110" box="[250,345,294,320]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/e7dr-nxad" name="National Museum of Wales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="Museum">NMWC</collectionCode>
); 1f, same data but 
<date id="FFF88FE92C15FFA7FDE6602EFD760110" box="[587,736,294,320]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2013-04-01" valueMax="2013-04-29" valueMin="2013-04-01">
<collectingDate id="EFBC76012C15FFA7FDE6602EFD760110" box="[587,736,294,320]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2013-04-01" valueMax="2013-04-29" valueMin="2013-04-01">1–29.iv.2013</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B2EA3742C15FFA7FD5D602EFD6F01D8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3017349337" collectingDate="2001-03-03" collectingDateMax="2002-05-25" collectingDateMin="2001-03-03" collectionCode="NMWC, CERS" collectorName="H. A. Dawah" elevation="6" location="Hay Al-Nusub" municipality="Abha" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="'Asir">
<quantity id="4CBE04CC2C15FFA7FD5D602EFC800110" box="[752,790,294,320]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="6.0">
<elevation id="006B4E1A2C15FFA7FD5D602EFC800110" box="[752,790,294,320]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="6.0">6m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectingRegion id="498267CB2C15FFA7FC88602EFCC10110" box="[805,855,294,320]" country="Saudi Arabia" name="'Asir" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Asir</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6B9D33532C15FFA7FCC8602EFC330110" box="[869,933,294,320]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Abha</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="8E99FFF22C15FFA7FC18602FFBCA0110" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EF183F2C12FFA6FF3A6433FEB90368:8E99FFF22C15FFA7FC18602FFBCA0110" box="[949,1116,294,321]" municipality="Abha" name="Hay Al-Nusub" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" stateProvince="'Asir">Hay Al-Nusub</location>
(Abha farm centre), 
<date id="FFF88FE92C15FFA7FAF6602EFE950134" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2001-03-03" valueMax="2001-06-03" valueMin="2001-03-03">
<collectingDate id="EFBC76012C15FFA7FAF6602EFE950134" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2001-03-03" valueMax="2001-06-03" valueMin="2001-03-03">3.iii.–3.vi.2001</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectingMethod id="5207D13E2C15FFA7FEBC6042FE360135" box="[273,416,330,357]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Malaise trap</collectingMethod>
, 
<collectorName id="26B3CCFF2C15FFA7FE036042FDAA0134" box="[430,572,330,356]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">H.A. Dawah</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED5731EC2C15FFA7FDE06042FD3A0134" box="[589,684,330,356]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/e7dr-nxad" name="National Museum of Wales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="Museum">NMWC</collectionCode>
; 
<collectionCode id="ED5731EC2C15FFA7FD146042FC920134" box="[697,772,330,356]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">CERS</collectionCode>
); 1f, 
<collectingRegion id="498267CB2C15FFA7FC926042FCE70134" box="[831,881,330,356]" country="Saudi Arabia" name="'Asir" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Asir</collectingRegion>
, Abha, Madenate Al-Ameer Sultan, Hay Al-Sad, 
<date id="FFF88FE92C15FFA7FF3A6066FED901D9" box="[151,335,366,393]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2002-02-25" valueMax="2002-05-25" valueMin="2002-02-25">
<collectingDate id="EFBC76012C15FFA7FF3A6066FED901D9" box="[151,335,366,393]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2002-02-25" valueMax="2002-05-25" valueMin="2002-02-25">25.ii.–25.v.2002</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectingMethod id="5207D13E2C15FFA7FEF66066FE7F01D9" box="[347,489,366,393]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Malaise trap</collectingMethod>
, 
<collectorName id="26B3CCFF2C15FFA7FE596066FD1701D8" box="[500,641,366,392]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">H.A. Dawah</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED5731EC2C15FFA7FD3D6066FD6701D8" box="[656,753,366,392]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/e7dr-nxad" name="National Museum of Wales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="Museum">NMWC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35CFAA22C15FFA6FF6A609AFEC701D8" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BF9A9292C15FFA7FF6A609AFE590230" blockId="12.[151,1437,150,717]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B932753B2C15FFA7FF6A609AFEF701FC" bold="true" box="[199,353,402,428]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Distribution.</emphasis>
This subspecies was previously recorded from 
<collectingCountry id="F351E9B92C15FFA7FC39609AFBBF01FC" box="[916,1065,402,428]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C15FFA7FBF1609AFACE01FC" author="Buttiker, W. &amp; Attiah, M. D. &amp; Pont, A. C." box="[1116,1368,402,429]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="352 - 367" refId="ref30624" refString="Buttiker, W., Attiah, M. D. &amp; Pont, A. C. (1979) Insects of Saudi Arabia. Diptera: Synanthropic flies. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 1, 352 - 367." type="journal article" year="1979">
Büttiker 
<emphasis id="B932753B2C15FFA7FB6E609BFB6F01FC" box="[1219,1273,402,428]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al</emphasis>
. (1979)
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C15FFA7FAC4609BFF730180" author="Pont, A. C." pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref35020" refString="Pont, A. C. (1991) A review of the Fanniidae and Muscidae (Diptera) of the Arabian Peninsula. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 12, 312 - 265." type="book" year="1991">Pont (1991)</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C15FFA7FF5F60BEFDB30180" author="Dawah, H. A. &amp; Abdullah, M. A." box="[242,549,438,464]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="373 - 396" refId="ref31297" refString="Dawah, H. A. &amp; Abdullah, M. A. (2009) The Muscidae (Diptera: Brachycera: Muscomorpha) of south-western Saudi Arabia. Fauna of Arabia, 24, 373 - 396." type="journal article" year="2009">Dawah &amp; Abdullah (2009)</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C15FFA7FD9F60BEFCC50181" author="El-Hawagry, M. S. &amp; Abdel-Dayem, M. S. &amp; Elgharbawy, A. A. &amp; Al Dhafer, H. M." box="[562,851,438,465]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="107 - 139" refId="ref32055" refString="El-Hawagry, M. S., Abdel-Dayem, M. S., Elgharbawy, A. A. &amp; Al Dhafer, H. M. (2016) A preliminary account of the fly fauna in Jabal Shada al-A'la Nature Reserve, Saudi Arabia, with new records and biogeographical remarks (Diptera, Insecta). Zookeys, 636, 107 - 139. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 636.9905" type="journal article" year="2016">
El-Hawagry 
<emphasis id="B932753B2C15FFA7FD6E60BFFD600180" box="[707,758,438,464]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al</emphasis>
. (2016)
</bibRefCitation>
. It was described from 
<collectingCountry id="F351E9B92C15FFA7FBF260BEFB650180" box="[1119,1267,438,464]" name="South Africa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">South Africa</collectingCountry>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C15FFA7FB5260BEFF7401A4" author="Buttiker, W. &amp; Attiah, M. D. &amp; Pont, A. C." pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="352 - 367" refId="ref30624" refString="Buttiker, W., Attiah, M. D. &amp; Pont, A. C. (1979) Insects of Saudi Arabia. Diptera: Synanthropic flies. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 1, 352 - 367." type="journal article" year="1979">
Büttiker 
<emphasis id="B932753B2C15FFA7FACE60BFFA0B0180" box="[1379,1437,438,464]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
(1979)
</bibRefCitation>
believed that 
<taxonomicName id="4C46D2AA2C15FFA7FED160D3FDC201A4" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1849" box="[380,596,474,501]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Musca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calleva" subGenus="Musca">
<emphasis id="B932753B2C15FFA7FED160D3FE0501A4" box="[380,403,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">M</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B932753B2C15FFA7FE0760D3FE6301A4" box="[426,501,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Musca</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B932753B2C15FFA7FDAE60D2FDC201A4" box="[515,596,474,500]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">calleva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is more or less restricted to the Afrotropical Region. He also mentioned that this subspecies had been found in the Western and Central region of 
<collectingCountry id="F351E9B92C15FFA7FC3660F6FBB90248" box="[923,1071,510,536]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
, but never in the 
<collectingRegion id="498267CB2C15FFA7FB5F60F7FA0F0248" box="[1266,1433,510,537]" country="Saudi Arabia" name="Ash Sharqiyah" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Eastern region</collectingRegion>
. In the Middle East it is known from 
<collectingCountry id="F351E9B92C15FFA7FD9C632AFD1B026C" box="[561,653,546,572]" name="Bahrain" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Bahrain</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F351E9B92C15FFA7FD35632BFD48026D" box="[664,734,547,573]" name="Egypt" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Egypt</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F351E9B92C15FFA7FD47632AFCA7026C" box="[746,817,546,572]" name="Oman" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Oman</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F351E9B92C15FFA7FC91632AFC1B026C" box="[828,909,546,572]" name="Turkey" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Turkey</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F351E9B92C15FFA7FC35632AFB1B026C" box="[920,1165,546,572]" name="United Arab Emirates" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">United Arab Emirates</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F351E9B92C15FFA7FB6E632BFA87026D" box="[1219,1297,547,573]" name="Yemen" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Yemen</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C15FFA7FA8D632AFA01026C" author="Pont, A. C." box="[1312,1431,546,572]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="721 - 761" refId="ref34918" refString="Pont, A. C. (1980) 85 Family Muscidae. In: Crosskey, R. W. (Ed.), Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 721 - 761." type="book chapter" year="1980">Pont 1980</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C15FFA7FF3A634FFE9B0230" author="Pont, A. C." box="[151,269,582,609]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref35020" refString="Pont, A. C. (1991) A review of the Fanniidae and Muscidae (Diptera) of the Arabian Peninsula. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 12, 312 - 265." type="book" year="1991">Pont 1991</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C15FFA7FEB5634EFE550230" author="Deeming, J. C." box="[280,451,582,608]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref31673" refString="Deeming, J. C. (2008) Order Diptera, family Muscidae. In: van Harten, A. (Ed.), Arthropod Fauna of the United Arab Emirates. Vol. 1. Dar Al-Ummah Printing, Publishing, Distribution &amp; Advertising, Abu Dhabi, pp. 714 - 723." type="book" year="2008">Deeming 2008</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF9A9292C15FFA7FF6A6362FA8B029C" blockId="12.[151,1437,150,717]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B932753B2C15FFA7FF6A6362FE2702D4" bold="true" box="[199,433,618,644]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Biological remarks.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C15FFA7FE156362FD3002D4" author="Buttiker, W. &amp; Attiah, M. D. &amp; Pont, A. C." box="[440,678,618,644]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="352 - 367" refId="ref30624" refString="Buttiker, W., Attiah, M. D. &amp; Pont, A. C. (1979) Insects of Saudi Arabia. Diptera: Synanthropic flies. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 1, 352 - 367." type="journal article" year="1979">
Büttiker 
<emphasis id="B932753B2C15FFA7FDB66363FDC202D4" box="[539,596,618,644]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
(1979)
</bibRefCitation>
reported that 
<taxonomicName id="4C46D2AA2C15FFA7FCE96363FBB602D4" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1849" box="[836,1056,618,645]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Musca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calleva" subGenus="Musca">
<emphasis id="B932753B2C15FFA7FCE96363FCCD02D4" box="[836,859,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">M</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B932753B2C15FFA7FCDE6363FC2802D4" box="[883,958,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Musca</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B932753B2C15FFA7FC626362FBB602D4" box="[975,1056,618,644]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">calleva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs in slaughterhouses, hospitals, garbage dumps and outdoors in 
<collectingCountry id="F351E9B92C15FFA7FD9C6386FD5002F8" box="[561,710,654,680]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
. Under warm conditions the whole life cycle may be complete in two weeks. Covering breeding sites with soil is one of the best ways of reducing house-fly populations.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF39F9A12C15FFA7FF3A666DFECA0796" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4418254" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4418254" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4418254/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" startId="12.[151,251,1893,1917]" targetBox="[159,1429,755,1857]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="8BF9A9292C15FFA7FF3A666DFECA0796" blockId="12.[151,1436,1893,1990]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B932753B2C15FFA7FF3A666DFEA2072D" bold="true" box="[151,308,1893,1917]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">FIGURE. 6–9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C46D2AA2C15FFA7FE91666EFE08072E" box="[316,414,1894,1918]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Muscidae</taxonomicName>
species habitus: 
<emphasis id="B932753B2C15FFA7FDFD666DFDF3072D" bold="true" box="[592,613,1893,1917]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">6)</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C46D2AA2C15FFA7FDC0666EFBC8072D" authority="Thomson, 1869" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1869" box="[621,1118,1893,1918]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Musca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lasiophthalma" subGenus="Byomya">
<emphasis id="B932753B2C15FFA7FDC0666EFD27072D" box="[621,689,1894,1917]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Musca</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B932753B2C15FFA7FD6C666EFC85072D" box="[705,787,1894,1917]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Byomya</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B932753B2C15FFA7FC8E666EFC22072E" box="[803,948,1894,1918]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">lasiophthalma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C15FFA7FC16666EFBC8072D" author="Thomson, C. G." box="[955,1118,1893,1918]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="443 - 614" refId="ref36916" refString="Thomson, C. G. (1869) Diptera. Species novas descripsit C. G. Thomson. In: Kongliga svenska fregatten Eugenies resa omkring jorden under befall af C. A. Virgin aren 1851 - 1853. 2 (Zoologi) (section), 1, Insecta. Almqvist &amp; Wiksells, Uppsala, pp. 443 - 614." type="book chapter" year="1869">Thomson, 1869</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, Male; 
<emphasis id="B932753B2C15FFA7FB00666EFB2C072E" bold="true" box="[1197,1210,1894,1918]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">7</emphasis>
) 
<taxonomicName id="4C46D2AA2C15FFA7FB67666EFECD07F1" authority="Loew, 1856" authorityName="Loew" authorityYear="1856" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Musca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lucidula" subGenus="Byomya">
<emphasis id="B932753B2C15FFA7FB67666EFA98072D" box="[1226,1294,1894,1917]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Musca</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B932753B2C15FFA7FAB3666EFAE6072D" box="[1310,1392,1894,1917]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Byomya</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B932753B2C15FFA7FA2D666EFF4007F2" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">lucidula</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C15FFA7FF726682FECD07F1" author="Loew, H." box="[223,347,1929,1953]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 57" refId="ref33678" refString="Loew, H. (1856) Neue Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Dipteren. Vierter Beitrag Programm Koniglichen Realschule zu Meseritz, 1856, 1 - 57." type="journal article" year="1856">Loew, 1856</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, Female; 
<emphasis id="B932753B2C15FFA7FE6F6681FE5907F1" bold="true" box="[450,463,1929,1953]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">8</emphasis>
) 
<taxonomicName id="4C46D2AA2C15FFA7FE726682FC2907F2" authority="Wiedemann, 1830" authorityName="Wiedemann" authorityYear="1830" box="[479,959,1930,1954]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Musca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albina" subGenus="Lissosterna">
<emphasis id="B932753B2C15FFA7FE726682FDB507F1" box="[479,547,1930,1953]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Musca</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B932753B2C15FFA7FD996682FD3F07F1" box="[564,681,1930,1953]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Lissosterna</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B932753B2C15FFA7FD176682FD6D07F2" box="[698,763,1930,1954]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">albina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C15FFA7FCAE6682FC2907F2" author="Wiedemann, C. R. W." box="[771,959,1930,1954]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref37841" refString="Wiedemann, C. R. W. (1830) Aussereuropaische zweiflugelige Insekten (concl.). Vol. 2. in der Schulzischen Buchhandlung, Hamm, xii + 684 pp." type="book" year="1830">Wiedemann, 1830</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, Female; 
<emphasis id="B932753B2C15FFA7FB8B6681FBA507F1" bold="true" box="[1062,1075,1929,1953]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">9</emphasis>
) 
<taxonomicName id="4C46D2AA2C15FFA7FBE96682FB6107F2" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1092,1271,1930,1954]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Musca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="domestica">
<emphasis id="B932753B2C15FFA7FBE96682FB6107F2" box="[1092,1271,1930,1954]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Musca domestica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L., 
<taxonomicName id="4C46D2AA2C15FFA7FA896682FE810796" authority="Walker, 1849" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1849" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Musca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="domestica" subSpecies="calleva">
ssp. 
<emphasis id="B932753B2C15FFA7FAFE6682FA0A07F2" box="[1363,1436,1930,1954]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">calleva</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C15FFA7FF3A66A6FE810796" author="Walker, F." box="[151,279,1966,1990]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="485 - 687" refId="ref37624" refString="Walker, F. (1849) List of the specimens of dipterous insects in the collection of the British Museum (part), Part 2 - Part 4. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 231 - 484, pp. 485 - 687 &amp; pp. 688 - 1172." type="journal article" year="1849">Walker, 1849</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, Male.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BF9A9292C14FFA6FF6A619EFEC701D8" blockId="13.[151,1437,150,392]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B932753B2C14FFA6FF6A619EFE2B00E0" bold="true" box="[199,445,150,176]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Taxonomic remarks.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C14FFA6FE6E619EFD6B00E0" author="Al-Ahmadi, A. Z. &amp; Salem, M. M." box="[451,765,150,176]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="ref29637" refString="Al-Ahmadi, A. Z. &amp; Salem, M. M. (1999) Entomofauna of Saudi Arabia. Part 1. Checklist of Insects. Academic Publishing &amp; Press, King Saud University, Riyadh, 240 pp." type="book" year="1999">
<collectingRegion id="498267CB2C14FFA6FE6E619EFDD500E0" box="[451,579,150,176]" country="Kuwait" name="Al Ahmadi" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Al-Ahmadi</collectingRegion>
&amp; Salem (1999)
</bibRefCitation>
listed 
<taxonomicName id="4C46D2AA2C14FFA6FCEA619FFBE400E1" authority="Patton" authorityName="Patton" authorityYear="1936" box="[839,1138,150,177]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Musca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuthbertsoni">
<emphasis id="B932753B2C14FFA6FCEA619FFBB200E0" box="[839,1060,150,176]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Musca cuthbertsoni</emphasis>
Patton
</taxonomicName>
as a synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="4C46D2AA2C14FFA6FA99619FFE850084" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1849" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Musca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calleva" subGenus="Musca">
<emphasis id="B932753B2C14FFA6FA99619FFF270084" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">M. (Musca</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B932753B2C14FFA6FF6F61B2FE850084" box="[194,275,186,212]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">calleva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C46D2AA2C14FFA6FE8D61B3FE6C0084" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1849" box="[288,506,186,213]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Musca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calleva" subGenus="Musca">
<emphasis id="B932753B2C14FFA6FE8D61B3FEA10084" box="[288,311,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">M</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B932753B2C14FFA6FEE261B3FE0C0084" box="[335,410,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Musca</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B932753B2C14FFA6FE0461B2FE6C0084" box="[425,506,186,212]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">calleva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be identified by the reduced size of the anterior post sutural dorsocentral setae. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C14FFA6FF3A61D7FE8800A9" author="Pont, A. C." box="[151,286,222,249]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="ref34968" refString="Pont, A. C. (1986) Families Fannidae, Muscidae. In: Soos, A. &amp; Papp. L. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera, Scathophagidae-Hypodermatidae. Vol. 11. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, pp. 57 - 215." type="book" year="1986">Pont (1986)</bibRefCitation>
stated that 
<taxonomicName id="4C46D2AA2C14FFA6FE0961D7FD1400A8" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1849" box="[420,642,222,249]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Musca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calleva" subGenus="Musca">
<emphasis id="B932753B2C14FFA6FE0961D7FE2D00A8" box="[420,443,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">M</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B932753B2C14FFA6FE7861D7FDB600A8" box="[469,544,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Musca</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B932753B2C14FFA6FD9C61D6FD1400A8" box="[561,642,222,248]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">calleva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appears to occur sympatrically with 
<taxonomicName id="4C46D2AA2C14FFA6FB8661D7FAA900A8" authority="domestica" box="[1067,1343,222,248]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Musca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="domestica" subSpecies="domestica">
<emphasis id="B932753B2C14FFA6FB8661D7FAA900A8" box="[1067,1343,222,248]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">M. domestica domestica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, though there is most likely an ecological separation since hybridization appears not to occur, according to the limited amount of material available for him. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C14FFA6FDEB602EFC130110" author="Al-Ahmadi, A. Z. &amp; Salem, M. M." box="[582,901,294,320]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="ref29637" refString="Al-Ahmadi, A. Z. &amp; Salem, M. M. (1999) Entomofauna of Saudi Arabia. Part 1. Checklist of Insects. Academic Publishing &amp; Press, King Saud University, Riyadh, 240 pp." type="book" year="1999">
<collectingRegion id="498267CB2C14FFA6FDEB602EFD500110" box="[582,710,294,320]" country="Kuwait" name="Al Ahmadi" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Al-Ahmadi</collectingRegion>
&amp; Salem (1999)
</bibRefCitation>
listed 
<taxonomicName id="4C46D2AA2C14FFA6FC7F602FFB270110" authorityName="Patton" authorityYear="1936" box="[978,1201,294,320]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Musca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuthbertsoni">
<emphasis id="B932753B2C14FFA6FC7F602FFB270110" box="[978,1201,294,320]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Musca cuthbertsoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C46D2AA2C14FFA6FB44602FFAC20110" box="[1257,1364,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Musca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vicina">
<emphasis id="B932753B2C14FFA6FB44602FFAC20110" box="[1257,1364,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">M. vicina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
under the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C46D2AA2C14FFA6FEA56043FEC50134" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[264,339,331,356]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Musca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B932753B2C14FFA6FEA56043FEC50134" box="[264,339,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Musca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. These species are in fact synonyms of 
<taxonomicName id="4C46D2AA2C14FFA6FCA26043FB0F0134" authority="(Pont 1980)" baseAuthorityName="Pont" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[783,1177,330,357]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Musca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="domestica" subGenus="Musca">
<emphasis id="B932753B2C14FFA6FCA26043FCCC0134" box="[783,858,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Musca</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B932753B2C14FFA6FCC76043FC1F0134" box="[874,905,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">M.</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B932753B2C14FFA6FC356042FB9C0134" box="[920,1034,330,356]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">domestica</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C14FFA6FBB56042FB060134" author="Pont, A. C." box="[1048,1168,330,356]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="721 - 761" refId="ref34918" refString="Pont, A. C. (1980) 85 Family Muscidae. In: Crosskey, R. W. (Ed.), Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 721 - 761." type="book chapter" year="1980">Pont 1980</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Therefore they are not listed in 
<tableCitation id="C6C49C922C14FFA6FF5A6066FEDB01D8" box="[247,333,366,392]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,244,1456,1482]" captionText="TABLE 2. List of Muscidae species recorded from Saudi Arabia. (*Co: Cosmopolitan; A: Afrotropical; P: Palaearctic; O: Oriental; AM: Widespread Afrotropical species, extending into the Mediterranean subregion; PAH: Palaearctic species, extending into Arabia and also the Horn of Africa; Au: Australasian; NE: Nearctic; NT: Neotropical.)" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Table 2</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35CFAA22C14FFA6FF3A60D3FED8026C" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BF9A9292C14FFA6FF3A60D3FB0801A5" blockId="13.[151,1437,474,824]" box="[151,1182,474,501]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB568E072C14FFA6FF3A60D3FB0801A5" box="[151,1182,474,501]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName id="4C46D2AA2C14FFA6FF3A60D3FD1401A4" ID-CoL="8CWQW" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[151,642,474,501]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Musca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="domestica" subGenus="Musca">
<emphasis id="B932753B2C14FFA6FF3A60D3FD1401A4" bold="true" box="[151,642,474,501]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B932753B2C14FFA6FF3A60D3FF7301A5" bold="true" box="[151,229,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Musca</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B932753B2C14FFA6FF5860D3FED501A5" bold="true" box="[245,323,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Musca</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B932753B2C14FFA6FEFE60D2FE5001A5" bold="true" box="[339,454,474,501]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">domestica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C14FFA6FE6360D2FD1401A4" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[462,642,474,500]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="ref33536" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum caracteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. 10 th Edition. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae (Stockholm), 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="137DB5AC2C14FFA6FD3C60D2FD7301A4" box="[657,741,474,500]" captionStart="FIGURE" captionStartId="14.[151,251,1407,1431]" captionTargetBox="[171,1421,426,1365]" captionTargetId="figure-93@14.[152,1436,381,1384]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE. 10–13. Muscidae species habitus: 10) Musca (Musca) domestica L., 1758, ssp. domestica, L, Female; 11) Musca (Philaematomyia) crassirostris Stein in Becker, 1903, Female; 12) Neomyia albigena (Stein, 1913), Female; 13) Neomyia nudissima (Loew, 1852)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4418256" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4418256/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
); spp. 
<treatmentCitation id="0AE78F382C14FFA6FC8260D2FB0F01A5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3922740" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3922740" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A6FA6E62-B01C-4053-84EE-92F156AEB690" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[815,1177,474,501]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/25564530BC5968C798E66DD49B492556" page="596" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="1758">
<taxonomicName id="4C46D2AA2C14FFA6FC8260D2FB0F01A5" ID-CoL="8CWQW" authority="Linnaeus, 1758: 596" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityPageNumber="596" authorityYear="1758" box="[815,1177,474,501]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Musca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="domestica">
<emphasis id="B932753B2C14FFA6FC8260D2FB8801A4" bold="true" box="[815,1054,474,501]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B932753B2C14FFA6FC8260D2FC3401A5" bold="true" box="[815,930,474,501]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">domestica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C14FFA6FC0460D2FB8801A4" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[937,1054,474,500]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="ref33536" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum caracteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. 10 th Edition. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae (Stockholm), 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus,</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
1758: 596
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF9A9292C14FFA6FF6A60F6FED8026C" blockId="13.[151,1437,474,824]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B932753B2C14FFA6FF6A60F6FE5E0248" bold="true" box="[199,456,510,536]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Specimens examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B2EA3742C14FFA6FE7C60F6FEDC026C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3017349389" collectingDate="2010-07-01" collectingDateMax="2010-08-30" collectingDateMin="2010-07-01" collectionCode="CERS" collectorName="H. A. Dawah" elevation="1" location="Al-Mahdag Village" municipality="Abu Aresh" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Jizan">
<quantity id="4CBE04CC2C14FFA6FE7C60F6FE600248" box="[465,502,510,536]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="1.0">
<elevation id="006B4E1A2C14FFA6FE7C60F6FE600248" box="[465,502,510,536]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="1.0">1m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 1f, 
<collectingRegion id="498267CB2C14FFA6FD8160F7FDFB0249" box="[556,621,511,537]" country="Saudi Arabia" name="Jizan" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Jazan</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6B9D33532C14FFA6FDD560F6FD630248" box="[632,757,510,536]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Abu Aresh</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="8E99FFF22C14FFA6FCAC60F6FC480248" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EF183F2C12FFA6FF3A6433FEB90368:8E99FFF22C14FFA6FCAC60F6FC480248" box="[769,990,510,536]" municipality="Abu Aresh" name="Al-Mahdag Village" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" stateProvince="Jizan">Al-Mahdag Village</location>
, 
<date id="FFF88FE92C14FFA6FC4760F6FB2A0248" box="[1002,1212,510,536]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2010-07-01" valueMax="2010-08-30" valueMin="2010-07-01">
<collectingDate id="EFBC76012C14FFA6FC4760F6FB2A0248" box="[1002,1212,510,536]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2010-07-01" valueMax="2010-08-30" valueMin="2010-07-01">1.vii.–30.viii.2010</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectingMethod id="5207D13E2C14FFA6FB6460F6FACE0249" box="[1225,1368,510,537]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Malaise trap</collectingMethod>
, 
<collectorName id="26B3CCFF2C14FFA6FACB60F6FF70026C" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">H.A. Dawah</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED5731EC2C14FFA6FF5B632AFED4026C" box="[246,322,546,572]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">CERS</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35CFAA22C14FFA6FF6A634EFEB90368" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BF9A9292C14FFA6FF6A634EFB2602F8" blockId="13.[151,1437,474,824]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B932753B2C14FFA6FF6A634EFEF70230" bold="true" box="[199,353,582,608]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Distribution.</emphasis>
This subspecies was previously recorded from 
<collectingCountry id="F351E9B92C14FFA6FCD1634EFB990230" box="[892,1039,582,608]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C14FFA6FB96634EFABB0230" author="Buttiker, W. &amp; Attiah, M. D. &amp; Pont, A. C." box="[1083,1325,582,609]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="352 - 367" refId="ref30624" refString="Buttiker, W., Attiah, M. D. &amp; Pont, A. C. (1979) Insects of Saudi Arabia. Diptera: Synanthropic flies. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 1, 352 - 367." type="journal article" year="1979">
Büttiker 
<emphasis id="B932753B2C14FFA6FB32634FFB470230" box="[1183,1233,582,608]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al</emphasis>
. (1979)
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C14FFA6FA97634EFF7802D5" author="Dabbour, A. I." pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="81 - 83" refId="ref31087" refString="Dabbour, A. I. (1979 a) Short note on dipterous flies in western and central regions of Saudi Arabia. Journal of Agriculture Research, Riyadh University, 4, 81 - 83." type="journal article" year="1979">Dabbour (1979 a</bibRefCitation>
,b); 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C14FFA6FEB46362FDCE02D4" author="Dabbour, A. I. &amp; El-Dawy, M." box="[281,600,618,644]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 92" refId="ref31214" refString="Dabbour, A. I. &amp; El-Dawy, M. (1981) Morphological and classification studies of some dipterous flies in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Agriculture Research Center Bulletin, Riyadh University, 10, 1 - 92. [in Arabic]" type="journal article" year="1981">Dabbour &amp; El-Dawy (1981)</bibRefCitation>
. It was described from Europe and America. In the Middle East it has been recorded fron 
<collectingCountry id="F351E9B92C14FFA6FE9B6386FE0402F8" box="[310,402,654,680]" name="Bahrain" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Bahrain</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F351E9B92C14FFA6FE316386FE6702F8" box="[412,497,654,680]" name="Kuwait" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Kuwait</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F351E9B92C14FFA6FE506386FDD202F8" box="[509,580,654,680]" name="Oman" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Oman</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F351E9B92C14FFA6FDE26386FD3602F8" box="[591,672,654,680]" name="Turkey" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Turkey</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F351E9B92C14FFA6FD066386FD7302F8" box="[683,741,654,680]" name="United Arab Emirates" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">UAE</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F351E9B92C14FFA6FCB76387FCFE02F9" box="[794,872,655,681]" name="Yemen" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Yemen</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C14FFA6FCDB6386FC7B02F8" author="Pont, A. C." box="[886,1005,654,680]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="ref35020" refString="Pont, A. C. (1991) A review of the Fanniidae and Muscidae (Diptera) of the Arabian Peninsula. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 12, 312 - 265." type="book" year="1991">Pont 1991</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C14FFA6FC546386FB3202F8" author="Deeming, J. C." box="[1017,1188,654,680]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="ref31673" refString="Deeming, J. C. (2008) Order Diptera, family Muscidae. In: van Harten, A. (Ed.), Arthropod Fauna of the United Arab Emirates. Vol. 1. Dar Al-Ummah Printing, Publishing, Distribution &amp; Advertising, Abu Dhabi, pp. 714 - 723." type="book" year="2008">Deeming 2008</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF9A9292C14FFA6FF6A63BAFEB90368" blockId="13.[151,1437,474,824]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B932753B2C14FFA6FF6A63BAFE26029C" bold="true" box="[199,432,690,716]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Biological remarks.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C14FFA6FE1A63BAFD38029C" author="Skidmore, P." box="[439,686,690,717]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="ref36277" refString="Skidmore, P. (1985) The Biology of the Muscidae of the World. Series Entomologica 29. Dr. W. Junk Publishers, Dordrecht, 550 pp." type="book" year="1985">Skidmore (1985: 230)</bibRefCitation>
reported that this species breeds in dung (especially horse manure) and in numerous decaying substances where the rate of fermentation is high. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C14FFA6FBAC63DEFABF02A1" author="Buttiker, W. &amp; Attiah, M. D. &amp; Pont, A. C." box="[1025,1321,726,753]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="352 - 367" refId="ref30624" refString="Buttiker, W., Attiah, M. D. &amp; Pont, A. C. (1979) Insects of Saudi Arabia. Diptera: Synanthropic flies. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 1, 352 - 367." type="journal article" year="1979">
Büttiker 
<emphasis id="B932753B2C14FFA6FBC963DFFB0002A0" box="[1124,1174,726,752]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al</emphasis>
. (1979: 358)
</bibRefCitation>
discussed the public health significance of this species in 
<collectingCountry id="F351E9B92C14FFA6FD0963F2FCA30344" box="[676,821,762,788]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
and suggested that it is the most common synanthropic species there.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>