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<document id="12A9B4F2566B3232A96F02B9F0325683" ID-CLB-Dataset="53759" ID-DOI="10.6620/ZS.2018.57-18" ID-GBIF-Dataset="cff4ab26-6fdc-462b-aaa0-b8e8f87afd71" ID-PMC="PMC6624643" ID-PubMed="31966258" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8064335" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="tatiana" checkinTime="1687182456079" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Yoshida 1, Takahiro, Karner, Michael &amp; Hirowatari, Toshiya" docDate="2018" docId="BA4924401243FFFBFC2BF8CFFE36AAF6" docLanguage="en" docName="ZoolStud.57.18.1-18.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological studies 57 (18)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:E2601EF9E8BBDC4537EE724C10FF512F.1:ZoolStud.2015-.journal_article" docStyleId="E2601EF9E8BBDC4537EE724C10FF512F" docStyleName="ZoolStud.2015-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Psammoecus simonis Grouvelle 1892" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="14" masterDocId="46705C38124FFFF5FFA6FFC2FF9FA960" masterDocTitle="A Revision of Taiwanese Species in the Genus Psammoecus Latreille (Coleoptera, Silvanidae)" masterLastPageNumber="18" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="13" updateTime="1687352464173" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="FCA25B2BAE93DBC8593BF75D02E0F9B7">A Revision of Taiwanese Species in the Genus Psammoecus Latreille (Coleoptera, Silvanidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="AF14CF86F13C212ECDEE0D3047CAE524">Yoshida 1, Takahiro</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4F3BBC57EFDA8D84D75C6C563E81F46F">Karner, Michael</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8C4196A8A7E3AEB70278D6F387486C18">Hirowatari, Toshiya</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="4B3B1162E78DAB4986D9EF4F7B922DA6">Zoological studies</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="C0BB9898814F7CBEC6C15D139E296DE6">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="63D6B9C31A81CBF3B920AF31464973CE">57</mods:number>
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<treatment id="BA4924401243FFFBFC2BF8CFFE36AAF6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8055806" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8055806" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BA4924401243FFFBFC2BF8CFFE36AAF6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BA4924401243FFFBFC2BF8CFFE36AAF6" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<subSubSection id="7AFAC6DD1243FFF9FC2BF8CFFAEEAE46" box="[909,1393,1805,1831]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="325F95561243FFF9FC2BF8CFFAEEAE46" blockId="12.[909,1393,1805,1862]" box="[909,1393,1805,1831]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<heading id="6917223A1243FFF9FC2BF8CFFAEEAE46" bold="true" box="[909,1393,1805,1831]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="F5E0EED51243FFF9FC2BF8CFFAEEAE46" authority="Grouvelle, 1892" authorityName="Grouvelle" authorityYear="1892" box="[909,1393,1805,1831]" class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" genus="Psammoecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simonis">
<emphasis id="009449441243FFF9FC2BF8CFFAEEAE46" bold="true" box="[909,1393,1805,1831]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="009449441243FFF9FC2BF8CFFB3AAE46" bold="true" box="[909,1189,1805,1830]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Psammoecus simonis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5671E8A71243FFF9FB0AF8CFFAEEAE46" author="Grouvelle A." box="[1196,1393,1805,1831]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="285 - 288" refId="ref12697" refString="Grouvelle A. 1892. Voyage de M. E. Simon a l'ile de Luzon, Philippines (Mars et Avril 1890), 5 e memoire. Cucujides. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France 61: 285 - 288." type="journal article" year="1892">Grouvelle, 1892</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7AFAC6DD1243FFF9FBEDF8EFFB2CAE26" box="[1099,1203,1837,1862]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="description">
<paragraph id="325F95561243FFF9FBEDF8EFFB2CAE26" blockId="12.[909,1393,1805,1862]" box="[1099,1203,1837,1862]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
(
<figureCitation id="AADB89D31243FFF9FBF4F8EFFB35AE26" box="[1106,1194,1837,1862]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[174,208,1844,1864]" captionTargetBox="[174,1451,308,1818]" captionTargetId="figure-67@2.[174,1451,308,1818]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Psammoecus species of Taiwan, habitus. (A) P. taiwanensis sp. nov. (B) P. delicatus Grouvelle (C) P. harmandi Grouvelle (D) P. dentatus Grouvelle (E) P. trimaculatus Motschulsky (F) P. triguttatus Reitter (G) P. labyrinthicus Yoshida and Hirowatari (H) P. simonis Grouvelle (I) P. hiranoi Yoshida and Hirowatari. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8064337" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8064337/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 1H</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7AFAC6DD1243FFF8FCF4F8ABFD4AA8AB" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="325F95561243FFF9FCF4F8ABFC74AEF7" blockId="12.[850,1453,1896,1970]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="12F0B2781243FFF9FCF4F8ABFC74AEF7" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<treatmentCitation id="B341B3471243FFF9FCF4F8ABFA87AE1D" author="Grouvelle A." box="[850,1304,1896,1917]" page="287" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="1892">
<taxonomicName id="F5E0EED51243FFF9FCF4F8ABFA87AE1D" authority="Grouvelle, 1892: 287" authorityName="Grouvelle" authorityPageNumber="287" authorityYear="1892" box="[850,1304,1896,1917]" class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" genus="Psammoecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simonis">
<emphasis id="009449441243FFF9FCF4F8ABFBAEAE1D" box="[850,1073,1897,1917]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Psammoecus simonis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5671E8A71243FFF9FB9DF8AAFA87AE1D" author="Grouvelle A." box="[1083,1304,1896,1917]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="285 - 288" refId="ref12697" refString="Grouvelle A. 1892. Voyage de M. E. Simon a l'ile de Luzon, Philippines (Mars et Avril 1890), 5 e memoire. Cucujides. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France 61: 285 - 288." type="journal article" year="1892">Grouvelle, 1892: 287</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<typeStatus id="ED5B2BF41243FFF9FA82F8ABFACAAE1D" box="[1316,1365,1897,1917]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Type</typeStatus>
locality: Philippine.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="325F95561243FFF8FCF4F85CFE8DA84B" blockId="12.[850,1453,1896,1970]" lastBlockId="13.[136,738,252,459]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="12F0B2781243FFF8FCF4F85CFE8DA84B" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<treatmentCitation id="B341B3471243FFF9FCF4F85CFB46AED2" author="Grouvelle A." box="[850,1241,1950,1970]" page="81" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="1912">
<taxonomicName id="F5E0EED51243FFF9FCF4F85CFB46AED2" authority="Grouvelle, 1912: 81" authorityName="Grouvelle" authorityPageNumber="81" authorityYear="1912" box="[850,1241,1950,1970]" class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" genus="Psammoecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stultus">
<emphasis id="009449441243FFF9FCF4F85CFB88AED2" box="[850,1047,1950,1970]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Psammoecus stultus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5671E8A71243FFF9FBBBF85CFB46AED2" author="Grouvelle A." box="[1053,1241,1950,1970]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="81 - 94" refId="ref12816" refString="Grouvelle A. 1912. Psammoecus nouveaux du Musee de Leide. Notes from the Leyden Museum 34 (2): 81 - 94." type="journal article" year="1912">Grouvelle, 1912: 81</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<typeStatus id="ED5B2BF41243FFF9FB44F85CFA8FAED2" box="[1250,1296,1950,1970]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Type</typeStatus>
locality:
<collectingCountry id="4AF7D5C61243FFF9FAC5F85CFA36AED2" box="[1379,1449,1950,1970]" name="Taiwan" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
: Akau (=
<collectingRegion id="F0245BB41242FFF8FEA0FF3EFE12A870" box="[262,397,252,272]" country="Taiwan" name="Pingtung" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Pingtung City</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="F0245BB41242FFF8FE3EFF3EFDA2A870" box="[408,573,252,272]" country="Taiwan" name="Pingtung" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Pingtung County</collectingRegion>
);
<typeStatus id="ED5B2BF41242FFF8FDEBFF3EFDE9A870" box="[589,630,252,272]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">type</typeStatus>
examined. syn. nov.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<footnote id="51FB89581243FFF9FB3AF81FFA34AE8F" box="[1180,1451,2013,2031]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<paragraph id="325F95561243FFF9FB3AF81FFA34AE8F" blockId="12.[1180,1451,2013,2031]" box="[1180,1451,2013,2031]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">© 2018 Academia Sinica, Taiwan</paragraph>
</footnote>
<paragraph id="325F95561242FFF8FF2EFEF0FD4AA8AB" blockId="13.[136,738,252,459]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="12F0B2781242FFF8FF2EFEF0FD4AA8AB" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName id="F5E0EED51242FFF8FF2EFEF0FEF8A826" authorityName="Grouvelle" authorityYear="1892" box="[136,359,306,326]" class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" genus="Psammoecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simoni">
<emphasis id="009449441242FFF8FF2EFEF0FEF8A826" box="[136,359,306,326]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Psammoecus simoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[sic]:
<treatmentCitation id="B341B3471242FFF8FE16FEF3FD0CA826" author="Grouvelle A." box="[432,659,305,326]" page="476" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="1908">
<bibRefCitation id="5671E8A71242FFF8FE16FEF3FD0CA826" author="Grouvelle A." box="[432,659,305,326]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="315 - 495" refId="ref12782" refString="Grouvelle A. 1908. Coleopteres de la region Indienne. Rhysodidae, Trogositidae, Nitidulidae, Colydiidae, Cucujidae. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France 77: 315 - 495." type="journal article" year="1908">Grouvelle 1908: 476</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 488. -
<treatmentCitation id="B341B3471242FFF8FF1BFE8EFEE7A800" author="Hetschko A." box="[189,376,332,352]" page="81" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="1930">
<bibRefCitation id="5671E8A71242FFF8FF1BFE8EFEE7A800" author="Hetschko A." box="[189,376,332,352]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="109" refId="ref13002" refString="Hetschko A. 1930. Fam. Cucujidae. In: Coleopterorum Catalogus Pars 109. W. Junk, Berlin." type="book chapter" year="1930">Hetschko 1930: 81</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. (catalogue) -
<treatmentCitation id="B341B3471242FFF8FDA0FE8EFD19A800" author="Pal TK" box="[518,646,332,352]" page="31" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="1985">
<bibRefCitation id="5671E8A71242FFF8FDA0FE8EFD19A800" author="Pal TK" box="[518,646,332,352]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 54" refId="ref13613" refString="Pal TK. 1985. A revision of Indian Psammoecus Latreille (Coleoptera: Silvanidae). Records of the Zoological Survey of India 71: 1 - 54." type="journal article" year="1985">Pal 1985: 31</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 11. -
<treatmentCitation id="B341B3471242FFF8FF1BFEA5FE44A81B" author="Sen Gupta T &amp; Pal TK" box="[189,475,359,379]" page="179" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="1996">
<bibRefCitation id="5671E8A71242FFF8FF1BFEA5FE44A81B" author="Sen Gupta T &amp; Pal TK" box="[189,475,359,379]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="ref13823" refString="Sen Gupta T, Pal TK. 1996. Fauna of India and the Adjacent Countries. Calvicornia [sic]: Coleoptera. Family Silvanidae. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta." type="book" year="1996">Sen Gupta and Pal 1996: 179</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 248. -
<treatmentCitation id="B341B3471242FFF8FDE5FEA5FD41A81B" author="Hirano Y." box="[579,734,359,379]" page="63" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="2009">
<bibRefCitation id="5671E8A71242FFF8FDE5FEA5FD41A81B" author="Hirano Y." box="[579,734,359,379]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="57 - 83" refId="ref13024" refString="Hirano Y. 2009. Notes on Japanese Silvanidae (Nihonsan hosohiratamushi-ka ni tsuite). Kanagawa-chuho 168: 57 - 83. (in Japanese)" type="journal article" year="2009">Hirano 2009: 63</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 65, 82, fig. 5. -
<treatmentCitation id="B341B3471242FFF8FEEAFE40FE7AA8F6" author="Hirano Y." box="[332,485,386,406]" page="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="2010">
<bibRefCitation id="5671E8A71242FFF8FEEAFE40FE7AA8F6" author="Hirano Y." box="[332,485,386,406]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="ref13051" refString="Hirano Y. 2010. Cucujoidea of Japan Vol. 2 Silvanidae, Byturidae, Biphyllidae. Roppon-Ashi Entomological Books, Tokyo. (in Japanese, with English title)" type="book" year="2010">Hirano 2010: 11</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 14. -
<treatmentCitation id="B341B3471242FFF8FDB9FE40FD23A8F6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3858712" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3858712" author="Karner M." box="[543,700,386,406]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BB8D13E100FF82FD937A06810AFBF2" page="25" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="2012">
<bibRefCitation id="5671E8A71242FFF8FDB9FE40FD23A8F6" author="Karner M." box="[543,700,386,406]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 31" refId="ref13227" refString="Karner M. 2012. A revision of African Psammoecus from the collection of the Musee royal de l'Afrique central. European Journal of Taxonomy 17: 1 - 31. doi: http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2012.17." type="journal article" year="2012">Karner 2012: 25</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 11. -
<treatmentCitation id="B341B3471242FFF8FF4BFE5EFDB7A8D0" author="Yoshida T &amp; Hirowatari T." box="[237,552,412,432]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EAE6CBB2E9D5FE4ECEE85D10CCEC9576" page="34" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="2014">
<bibRefCitation id="5671E8A71242FFF8FF4BFE5EFDB7A8D0" author="Yoshida T &amp; Hirowatari T." box="[237,552,412,432]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="15 - 45" refId="ref13985" refString="Yoshida T, Hirowatari T. 2014. A revision of Japanese species of the genus Psammoecus Latreille (Coleoptera, Silvanidae). ZooKeys 403: 15 - 45. doi: 10.3897 / zookeys. 403.7145." type="journal article" year="2014">Yoshida and Hirowatari 2014: 34</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, figs 2C, 10, 14J-L. -
<treatmentCitation id="B341B3471242FFF8FF6CFE75FEF9A8AB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3852020" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3852020" author="Karner M." box="[202,358,439,459]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AA291B19B821FFC8FDD97935FBF9FE12" page="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="2014">
<bibRefCitation id="5671E8A71242FFF8FF6CFE75FEF9A8AB" author="Karner M." box="[202,358,439,459]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref13275" refString="Karner M. 2014. Three new species and new records of African Psammoecus Latreille (Coleoptera, Silvanidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 89: 1 - 18. doi: http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2014.89." type="journal article" year="2014">Karner 2014: 15</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. -
<treatmentCitation id="B341B3471242FFF8FEDAFE75FD4EA8AB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5664386" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5664386" author="Yoshida T &amp; Hirowatari T." box="[380,721,439,459]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9D372C78452DFFB6FF72D1ACD7E1FEF5" page="94" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="2015">
<bibRefCitation id="5671E8A71242FFF8FEDAFE75FD4EA8AB" author="Yoshida T &amp; Hirowatari T." box="[380,721,439,459]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="90 - 102" refId="ref14024" refString="Yoshida T, Hirowatari T. 2015. Larval and pupal morphology of three species of the genus Psammoecus Latreille (Coleoptera: Silvanidae: Brontinae) in Japan with reference to the number of larval instars. Zootaxa 3937 (1): 90 - 102." type="journal article" year="2015">Yoshida and Hirowatari 2015: 94-98</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7AFAC6DD1242FFFBFF63FE30FE36AAF6" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="325F95561242FFF8FF63FE30FD58AA4B" blockId="13.[136,738,498,1963]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="009449441242FFF8FF63FE30FED2AB6B" box="[197,333,498,523]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Type series</emphasis>
:
<materialsCitation id="82889F0B1242FFF8FEFBFE30FE88AB8B" collectionCode="RMNH" country="Taiwan" location="Grouvelle's" municipality="Grouvelle's" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
<typeStatus id="ED5B2BF41242FFF8FEFBFE30FE4EAB6B" box="[349,465,498,523]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Lectotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="F5E0EED51242FFF8FE5EFE30FDF8AB6B" authorityName="Grouvelle" authorityYear="1912" box="[504,615,498,523]" class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" genus="Psammoecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stultus" status="syn. nov.">
<emphasis id="009449441242FFF8FE5EFE30FD95AB6B" box="[504,522,498,523]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="009449441242FFF8FDBCFE30FDF8AB6B" box="[538,615,498,523]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">stultus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1BA7F43F1242FFF8FDD6FE30FD41AB6B" box="[624,734,498,523]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
: male, “H. | Sauter. | Akau |
<collectingCountry id="4AF7D5C61242FFF8FE73FDD0FDA1AB4B" box="[469,574,530,555]" name="Taiwan" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Formosa</collectingCountry>
| 1-10.12.07” [round label]; “
<taxonomicName id="F5E0EED51242FFF8FEF3FDF0FD87AB2B" authorityName="Boudier" authorityYear="1834" box="[341,536,562,587]" class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" genus="Psammoechus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="009449441242FFF8FEF3FDF0FD87AB2B" box="[341,536,562,587]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Psammoechus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[sic] |
<taxonomicName id="F5E0EED51242FFF8FDD9FDF0FF45AB0C" authority=", Grouv." authorityName="Grouv." class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" genus="Psammoecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stultus">
<emphasis id="009449441242FFF8FDD9FDF0FD48AB2B" box="[639,727,562,587]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">stultus</emphasis>
, Grouv.
</taxonomicName>
| type.” [not
<location id="373FC38D1242FFF8FE26FD90FD94AB0C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BA4924401243FFFBFC2BF8CFFE36AAF6:373FC38D1242FFF8FE26FD90FD94AB0C" box="[384,523,594,620]" country="Taiwan" municipality="Grouvelle's" name="Grouvelle's" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Grouvelle’s</location>
hand]; “Museum Leiden. |
<taxonomicName id="F5E0EED51242FFF8FEA3FDB0FE2EABEB" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1829" box="[261,433,626,651]" class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" genus="Psammoecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="009449441242FFF8FEA3FDB0FE2EABEB" box="[261,433,626,651]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Psammoecus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
|
<taxonomicName id="F5E0EED51242FFF8FE76FDB0FDBBABEB" box="[464,548,626,651]" class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" genus="Psammoecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stultus">
<emphasis id="009449441242FFF8FE76FDB0FDBBABEB" box="[464,548,626,651]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">stultus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
| Det: Grouv.” [not
<collectingMunicipality id="D23B0F2C1242FFF8FF66FD50FED7ABCC" box="[192,328,658,684]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Grouvelle’s</collectingMunicipality>
hand]; “type” [blue label]; “Type” [red label] (
<collectionCode id="54F10D931242FFF8FEB0FD70FEF1ABAB" box="[278,366,690,715]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="Museum">RMNH</collectionCode>
; studied by MK in 2017, here designated)
</materialsCitation>
.
<typeStatus id="ED5B2BF41242FFF8FE85FD10FE4CAB8B" box="[291,467,722,747]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Paralectotypes</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="F5E0EED51242FFF8FE5CFD10FDF7AB8B" box="[506,616,722,747]" class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" genus="Psammoecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stultus" status="syn. nov.">
<emphasis id="009449441242FFF8FE5CFD10FD93AB8B" box="[506,524,722,747]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="009449441242FFF8FDBDFD10FDF7AB8B" box="[539,616,722,747]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">stultus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1BA7F43F1242FFF8FDD6FD10FD41AB8B" box="[624,734,722,747]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
:
<specimenCount id="24E65EDF1242FFF8FF2EFD30FF47AA6B" box="[136,216,754,779]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="24E65EDF1242FFF8FEB5FD30FECEAA6B" box="[275,337,754,779]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="generic">1 ex.</specimenCount>
, same label data as the
<typeStatus id="ED5B2BF41242FFF8FDC9FD30FD41AA6B" box="[623,734,754,779]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">lectotype</typeStatus>
. (
<collectionCode id="54F10D931242FFF8FF29FCD0FF7AAA4B" box="[143,229,786,811]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">MNHN</collectionCode>
; studied by TY in 2017, here designated)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="325F95561242FFF8FF62FCF0FC45ADB7" blockId="13.[136,738,498,1963]" lastBlockId="13.[813,1414,253,1975]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="009449441242FFF8FF62FCF0FE45AA2B" box="[196,474,818,843]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Specimens examined</emphasis>
:
<collectingCountry id="4AF7D5C61242FFF8FE48FCF0FDC1AA2B" box="[494,606,818,843]" name="Taiwan" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">TAIWAN</collectingCountry>
: [
<collectingRegion id="F0245BB41242FFF8FDD4FCF0FF25AA0C" country="Taiwan" name="Taoyuan" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Taoyuan City</collectingRegion>
]
<specimenCount id="24E65EDF1242FFF8FF6DFC90FE92AA0B" box="[203,269,850,875]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="generic">1 ex.</specimenCount>
, Upper Plain, Fuxing District,
<quantity id="F51838B31242FFF8FD2CFC90FD43AA0B" box="[650,732,850,875]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="600.0">600 m</quantity>
,
<geoCoordinate id="57D4F3911242FFF8FF2EFCB0FEB3AAEB" box="[136,300,882,907]" degrees="24" direction="north" minutes="41" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" precision="1" seconds="12.1" value="24.686693">N24°41'12.1&quot;</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="57D4F3911242FFF8FE91FCB0FE71AAEB" box="[311,494,882,907]" degrees="121" direction="east" minutes="23" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" precision="1" seconds="39.3" value="121.39425">E121°23'39.3&quot;</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="465EB3961242FFF8FE5AFCB0FD16AAEB" box="[508,649,882,907]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1988-04-11">11-IV-1988</date>
, Miller, Stange &amp; Wang leg. (
<collectionCode id="54F10D931242FFF8FE24FC50FE4EAACC" box="[386,465,914,940]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jekt-x82m" name="Florida State Collection of Arthropods, The Museum of Entomology" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="Museum">FSCA</collectionCode>
). [
<collectingRegion id="F0245BB41242FFF8FE4FFC50FD12AACC" box="[489,653,914,940]" country="Taiwan" name="Taichung" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Taichung City</collectingRegion>
] 6 exs, Wufeng, Wufeng Disctrict,
<date id="465EB3961242FFF8FE7FFC70FDFAAAAB" box="[473,613,946,971]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1990-04-14">14-IV-1990</date>
, Smetana leg. (
<collectionCode id="54F10D931242FFF8FF62FC10FE83AA8C" box="[196,284,978,1004]" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="Museum">MHNG</collectionCode>
; studied by MK);
<specimenCount id="24E65EDF1242FFF8FE57FC10FDAEAA8B" box="[497,561,978,1003]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="generic">1 ex.</specimenCount>
, same locality,
<date id="465EB3961242FFF8FF2EFC30FE84AD6B" box="[136,283,1010,1035]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1992-04-24">24-IV-1992</date>
, Smetana leg. (
<collectionCode id="54F10D931242FFF8FE4AFC30FDD5AD6C" box="[492,586,1010,1036]" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="Museum">MHNG</collectionCode>
; studied by MK). [
<collectingRegion id="F0245BB41242FFF8FF77FBD0FE0CAD4C" box="[209,403,1042,1068]" country="Taiwan" name="Penghu" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Penghu County</collectingRegion>
]
<specimenCount id="24E65EDF1242FFF8FE02FBD0FE7DAD4B" box="[420,482,1042,1067]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="generic">1 ex.</specimenCount>
(Catalog No.
<collectionCode id="54F10D931242FFF8FD34FBD0FD7EAD4C" box="[658,737,1042,1068]" country="Taiwan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2nry-s1yg" name="National Museum of Natural Science" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">NMNS</collectionCode>
ENT 3422-828), Makung (= Magong),
<date id="465EB3961242FFF8FDCBFBF0FF57AD0B" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2000-06-19" valueMax="2000-06-21" valueMin="2000-06-19">19-21-VI-2000</date>
, C. S. Lin &amp; W. T. Yang leg., Sweeping Net. (
<collectionCode id="54F10D931242FFF8FF29FBB0FF75ADEC" box="[143,234,1138,1164]" country="Taiwan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2nry-s1yg" name="National Museum of Natural Science" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">NMNS</collectionCode>
);
<specimenCount id="24E65EDF1242FFF8FEA7FBB0FEDEADEB" box="[257,321,1138,1163]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="generic">1 ex.</specimenCount>
(Catalog No.
<collectionCode id="54F10D931242FFF8FE5CFBB0FDD4ADEC" box="[506,587,1138,1164]" country="Taiwan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2nry-s1yg" name="National Museum of Natural Science" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">NMNS</collectionCode>
ENT 3422- 523), same date &amp; locality, C. S. Lin &amp; W. T. Yang leg., UV Light. (
<collectionCode id="54F10D931242FFF8FEE8FB70FE37ADAC" box="[334,424,1202,1228]" country="Taiwan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2nry-s1yg" name="National Museum of Natural Science" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">NMNS</collectionCode>
). [
<collectingRegion id="F0245BB41242FFF8FE65FB70FD1BADAC" box="[451,644,1202,1228]" country="Taiwan" name="Taitung" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Taitung County</collectingRegion>
] 2 exs, Pilam (=
<collectingRegion id="F0245BB41242FFF8FF51FB10FECBAD8B" box="[247,340,1234,1259]" country="Taiwan" name="Taitung" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Taitung</collectingRegion>
),
<date id="465EB3961242FFF8FECEFB10FE5FAD8B" box="[360,448,1234,1259]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1908-02">II-1908</date>
, H. Sauter leg. (
<collectionCode id="54F10D931242FFF8FD21FB10FD41AD8B" box="[647,734,1234,1259]" country="Hungary" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34991" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34991" name="Hungarian Natural History Museum (Termeszettudomanyi Muzeum)" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">HNHM</collectionCode>
; studied by MK);
<specimenCount id="24E65EDF1242FFF8FEF6FB30FE0FAC6B" box="[336,400,1266,1291]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="generic">1 ex.</specimenCount>
, Doulan, Donghe Township,
<date id="465EB3961242FFF8FF2EFAD0FE90AC4B" box="[136,271,1298,1323]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2012-04-09">9-IV-2012</date>
, J. Yamasako leg. (
<collectionCode id="54F10D931242FFF8FDB9FAD0FDEAAC4B" box="[543,629,1298,1323]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">ELKU</collectionCode>
); 4 exs, Nanlion, Green Island Township, alt. ca.
<quantity id="F51838B31242FFF8FD2CFAF0FD42AC2B" box="[650,733,1330,1355]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
,
<date id="465EB3961242FFF8FF2EFA90FE9FAC0B" box="[136,256,1362,1387]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2004-04-04">4-IV-2004</date>
, T. Kurihara leg. (
<collectionCode id="54F10D931242FFF8FE72FA90FDBEAC0B" box="[468,545,1362,1387]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">ELKU</collectionCode>
);
<specimenCount id="24E65EDF1242FFF8FD93FA90FDEAAC0B" box="[565,629,1362,1387]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="generic">1 ex.</specimenCount>
,
<quantity id="F51838B31242FFF8FD24FA90FD2BAC0B" box="[642,692,1362,1387]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="km" value="4.0">4km</quantity>
SE Yeh-Ying Village, Lanyu Island (= Orchid Island), Lanyu Township,
<date id="465EB3961242FFF8FEFDFA50FE44ACCB" box="[347,475,1426,1451]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2007-05-22">22-V-2007</date>
, Martin &amp; Quicke leg. (
<collectionCode id="54F10D931242FFF8FF29FA70FF7AACAB" box="[143,229,1458,1483]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">BMNH</collectionCode>
; studied by MK); 8 exs, Yung Hsin Farm, Lanyu Island (= Orchid Island), Lanyu Township,
<date id="465EB3961242FFF8FF2EFA30FED6AF6B" box="[136,329,1522,1547]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2008-07-29" valueMax="2008-07-30" valueMin="2008-07-29">29-30-VII-2008</date>
, Mendel &amp; Barclay leg. (
<collectionCode id="54F10D931242FFF8FD23FA30FD42AF6B" box="[645,733,1522,1547]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">BMNH</collectionCode>
; studied by MK). [
<collectingRegion id="F0245BB41242FFF8FEF1F9D0FD8DAF4C" box="[343,530,1554,1580]" country="Taiwan" name="Kaohsiung" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Kaohsiung City</collectingRegion>
]
<specimenCount id="24E65EDF1242FFF8FD84F9D0FDFDAF4B" box="[546,610,1554,1579]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="generic">2 ex.</specimenCount>
, Kosempo (= Jiaxian District),
<date id="465EB3961242FFF8FED4F9F0FE5DAF2B" box="[370,450,1586,1611]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1908-01">I-1908</date>
, H. Sauter leg. (
<collectionCode id="54F10D931242FFF8FD21F9F0FD41AF2B" box="[647,734,1586,1611]" country="Hungary" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34991" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34991" name="Hungarian Natural History Museum (Termeszettudomanyi Muzeum)" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">HNHM</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="54F10D931242FFF8FF2EF990FF47AF0B" box="[136,216,1618,1643]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">ZMHB</collectionCode>
; studied by MK);
<specimenCount id="24E65EDF1242FFF8FE00F990FE7AAF0B" box="[422,485,1618,1643]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="generic">1 ex.</specimenCount>
, Liu Kui (= Liouguei),
<date id="465EB3961242FFF8FF2EF9B0FE8EAFEB" box="[136,273,1650,1675]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1989-06-04">4-VI-1989</date>
, K. Baba leg. (
<collectionCode id="54F10D931242FFF8FE79F9B0FDB6AFEB" box="[479,553,1650,1675]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">KUM</collectionCode>
);
<specimenCount id="24E65EDF1242FFF8FDE7F9B0FD16AFEB" box="[577,649,1650,1675]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="generic">1 ex.</specimenCount>
, same locality,
<date id="465EB3961242FFF8FF4BF950FEE7AFCB" box="[237,376,1682,1707]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1986-03-30">30-III-1986</date>
, K. Baba leg. (
<collectionCode id="54F10D931242FFF8FD94F950FD1AAFCB" box="[562,645,1682,1707]" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0wyw-sfpi" name="Ehime University" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">EUMJ</collectionCode>
);
<specimenCount id="24E65EDF1242FFF8FD3DF950FD43AFCB" box="[667,732,1682,1707]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="generic">1 ex.</specimenCount>
, same locality, at light,
<date id="465EB3961242FFF8FE38F970FDB5AFAB" box="[414,554,1714,1739]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1978-08-04">4-VIII-1978</date>
, T. Niisato leg. (
<collectionCode id="54F10D931242FFF8FF29F910FF7DAF8B" box="[143,226,1746,1771]" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0wyw-sfpi" name="Ehime University" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">EUMJ</collectionCode>
);
<specimenCount id="24E65EDF1242FFF8FF5EF910FEA5AF8B" box="[248,314,1746,1771]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="generic">1 ex.</specimenCount>
, Minsheng Road, Liougui District, at light,
<date id="465EB3961242FFF8FF4FF930FEFDAE6B" box="[233,354,1778,1803]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1977-06-09">9-VI-1977</date>
, K. Ushijima leg. (
<collectionCode id="54F10D931242FFF8FD9CF930FD14AE6B" box="[570,651,1778,1803]" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0wyw-sfpi" name="Ehime University" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">EUMJ</collectionCode>
);
<specimenCount id="24E65EDF1242FFF8FD38F930FD42AE6B" box="[670,733,1778,1803]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="generic">1 ex.</specimenCount>
, Tsai Tie Ku, near Liu Kui (= Liouguei),
<date id="465EB3961242FFF8FDCCF8D0FD41AE4B" box="[618,734,1810,1835]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1986-10-06">6-X-1986</date>
, K. Baba leg. (
<collectionCode id="54F10D931242FFF8FE92F8F0FE19AE2B" box="[308,390,1842,1867]" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0wyw-sfpi" name="Ehime University" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">EUMJ</collectionCode>
);
<specimenCount id="24E65EDF1242FFF8FE3DF8F0FE42AE2B" box="[411,477,1842,1867]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="generic">1 ex.</specimenCount>
, Kosempo (= Jiaxian District),
<date id="465EB3961242FFF8FF56F890FEDFAE0B" box="[240,320,1874,1899]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1908-01">I-1908</date>
, H. Sauter leg. (
<collectionCode id="54F10D931242FFF8FE5CF890FDA0AE0C" box="[506,575,1874,1900]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">SDEI</collectionCode>
); 4 exs, same locality,
<date id="465EB3961242FFF8FF4DF8B0FEC2AEEB" box="[235,349,1906,1931]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1909-08">VIII-1909</date>
, H. Sauter leg. (
<collectionCode id="54F10D931242FFF8FD83F8B0FDE3AEEB" box="[549,636,1906,1931]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">MNHN</collectionCode>
; studied by MK in 2017);
<specimenCount id="24E65EDF1242FFF8FEC5F850FE5FAECB" box="[355,448,1938,1963]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="24E65EDF1242FFF8FE69F850FDD3AECB" box="[463,588,1938,1963]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
and 6 exs, same label data. (
<collectionCode id="54F10D931242FFF8FBA2FF3FFBD5A877" box="[1028,1098,253,279]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">SDEI</collectionCode>
). [
<collectingRegion id="F0245BB41242FFF8FBC5FF3FFAB1A877" box="[1123,1326,253,279]" country="Taiwan" name="Pingtung" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Pingtung County</collectingRegion>
] 2 exs, Akau (=
<collectingRegion id="F0245BB41242FFF8FC3EFEDFFBDCA857" box="[920,1091,285,311]" country="Taiwan" name="Pingtung" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Pingtung City</collectingRegion>
),
<date id="465EB3961242FFF8FBFEFEDFFA9CA856" box="[1112,1283,285,310]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1907-12-01" valueMax="1907-12-10" valueMin="1907-12-01">1-10-XII-1907</date>
, H. Sauter leg. (
<collectionCode id="54F10D931242FFF8FCC3FEFFFC24A836" box="[869,955,317,342]" country="Hungary" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34991" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34991" name="Hungarian Natural History Museum (Termeszettudomanyi Muzeum)" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">HNHM</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="54F10D931242FFF8FC60FEFFFB8AA836" box="[966,1045,317,342]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">ZMHB</collectionCode>
; studied by MK);
<specimenCount id="24E65EDF1242FFF8FB79FEFFFAA3A836" box="[1247,1340,317,342]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
and 5 exs, same locality,
<date id="465EB3961242FFF8FBA8FE9FFBE9A816" box="[1038,1142,349,374]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1907-12">XII-1907</date>
, H. Sauter leg. (
<collectionCode id="54F10D931242FFF8FA93FE9FFAE4A817" box="[1333,1403,349,375]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">SDEI</collectionCode>
);
<specimenCount id="24E65EDF1242FFF8FC8BFEBFFCEFA8F6" box="[813,880,381,406]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="generic">1 ex.</specimenCount>
, Haikou,
<geoCoordinate id="57D4F3911242FFF8FC4FFEBFFB12A8F6" box="[1001,1165,381,406]" degrees="22" direction="north" minutes="06" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" precision="1" seconds="10.4" value="22.10289">N22°06'10.4&quot;</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="57D4F3911242FFF8FB3EFEBFFAD1A8F6" box="[1176,1358,381,406]" degrees="120" direction="east" minutes="42" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" precision="1" seconds="15.4" value="120.70428">E120°42'15.4&quot;</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="465EB3961242FFF8FAFBFEBFFC10A8D6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2001-11-24">24- XI-2001</date>
, L, Stange &amp; H. Wang leg. (
<collectionCode id="54F10D931242FFF8FB43FE5FFAABA8D7" box="[1253,1332,413,439]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jekt-x82m" name="Florida State Collection of Arthropods, The Museum of Entomology" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="Museum">FSCA</collectionCode>
);
<specimenCount id="24E65EDF1242FFF8FAEFFE5FFA19A8D6" box="[1353,1414,413,438]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="generic">1 ex.</specimenCount>
(Catalog No.
<collectionCode id="54F10D931242FFF8FC68FE7FFB82A8B7" box="[974,1053,445,471]" country="Taiwan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2nry-s1yg" name="National Museum of Natural Science" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">NMNS</collectionCode>
ENT 7063-354), Nanjenshan, Manzhou Township,
<date id="465EB3961242FFF8FB87FE1FFB59A896" box="[1057,1222,477,502]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2009-10-11" valueMax="2009-10-25" valueMin="2009-10-11">11-25-X-2009</date>
, M. L. Jeng &amp; T. R. Chen leg., Flight Interception Trap. (
<collectionCode id="54F10D931242FFF8FAADFE3FFAFCAB77" box="[1291,1379,509,535]" country="Taiwan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2nry-s1yg" name="National Museum of Natural Science" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">NMNS</collectionCode>
);
<specimenCount id="24E65EDF1242FFF8FAD1FE3FFCCEAB56" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="generic">1 ex.</specimenCount>
(Catalog No.
<collectionCode id="54F10D931242FFF8FC5FFDDFFBD7AB57" box="[1017,1096,541,567]" country="Taiwan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2nry-s1yg" name="National Museum of Natural Science" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">NMNS</collectionCode>
ENT 6824-375), Manchou (= Manzhou) Lite Chulaoshushan,
<date id="465EB3961242FFF8FB7FFDFFFA1DAB36" box="[1241,1410,573,598]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2009-10-11" valueMax="2009-10-25" valueMin="2009-10-11">11-25-X-2009</date>
, M. L. Jeng &amp; T. R. Chen leg., Flight Interception Trap. (
<collectionCode id="54F10D931242FFF8FC26FDBFFC44ABF7" box="[896,987,637,663]" country="Taiwan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2nry-s1yg" name="National Museum of Natural Science" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">NMNS</collectionCode>
); 2 exs (Catalog No. 1566-192 &amp; 262), Yingdar,
<date id="465EB3961242FFF8FC4DFD5FFB04ABD6" box="[1003,1179,669,694]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1993-05-19" valueMax="1993-05-20" valueMin="1993-05-19">19-20-V-1993</date>
, C. S. Lin &amp; W. T. Yang leg., UV Light. (
<collectionCode id="54F10D931242FFF8FB95FD7FFB14ABB7" box="[1075,1163,701,727]" country="Taiwan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2nry-s1yg" name="National Museum of Natural Science" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">NMNS</collectionCode>
); 3 exs (Catalog No. 1565-202, 218 &amp; 238), Kenting,
<date id="465EB3961242FFF8FB77FD1FFA1FAB96" box="[1233,1408,733,758]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1993-05-17" valueMax="1993-05-18" valueMin="1993-05-17">17-18-V-1993</date>
, C. S. Lin &amp; W. T. Yang leg., UV Light. (
<collectionCode id="54F10D931242FFF8FA87FD3FFAE4AA77" box="[1313,1403,765,791]" country="Taiwan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2nry-s1yg" name="National Museum of Natural Science" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">NMNS</collectionCode>
); 7 exs, same locality,
<date id="465EB3961242FFF8FB93FCDFFB55AA56" box="[1077,1226,797,822]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1983-09-01" valueMax="1983-09-05" valueMin="1983-09-01">1-5-IX-1983</date>
, J. B. Happner leg. (
<collectionCode id="54F10D931242FFF8FCCFFCFFFC26AA37" box="[873,953,829,855]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jekt-x82m" name="Florida State Collection of Arthropods, The Museum of Entomology" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="Museum">FSCA</collectionCode>
);
<specimenCount id="24E65EDF1242FFF8FC68FCFFFB93AA36" box="[974,1036,829,854]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="generic">1 ex.</specimenCount>
(Catalog No. 2695-5), Kenting Park,
<date id="465EB3961242FFF8FCD2FC9FFBAEAA16" box="[884,1073,861,886]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1997-08-25" valueMax="1997-08-26" valueMin="1997-08-25">25-26-VIII-1997</date>
, C. S. Lin &amp; W. T. Yang leg., UV Light. (
<collectionCode id="54F10D931242FFF8FC0DFCBFFB9DAAF7" box="[939,1026,893,919]" country="Taiwan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2nry-s1yg" name="National Museum of Natural Science" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">NMNS</collectionCode>
);
<specimenCount id="24E65EDF1242FFF8FBB3FCBFFBCEAAF6" box="[1045,1105,893,918]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="generic">1 ex.</specimenCount>
(Catalog No.
<collectionCode id="54F10D931242FFF8FB5FFCBFFAD7AAF7" box="[1273,1352,893,919]" country="Taiwan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2nry-s1yg" name="National Museum of Natural Science" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">NMNS</collectionCode>
ENT 4388-539), Hengchun, Kenting Park,
<date id="465EB3961242FFF8FB57FC5FFA1DAAD6" box="[1265,1410,925,950]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2004-04-07" valueMax="2004-04-08" valueMin="2004-04-07">7-8-IV-2004</date>
, C. S. Lin &amp; W. T. Yang leg., UV Light Trap. (
<collectionCode id="54F10D931242FFF8FA83FC7FFAE4AAB7" box="[1317,1403,957,983]" country="Taiwan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2nry-s1yg" name="National Museum of Natural Science" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">NMNS</collectionCode>
);
<specimenCount id="24E65EDF1242FFF8FC8BFC1FFCF4AA96" box="[813,875,989,1014]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="generic">1 ex.</specimenCount>
, Kenting Natural Reserve,
<date id="465EB3961242FFF8FB0DFC1FFAABAA96" box="[1195,1332,989,1014]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2000-10-04" valueMax="2000-10-06" valueMin="2000-10-04">4-6-X-2000</date>
, Papp, Peregovits &amp; Ronka leg. (
<collectionCode id="54F10D931242FFF8FBC5FC3FFB26AD76" box="[1123,1209,1021,1046]" country="Hungary" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34991" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34991" name="Hungarian Natural History Museum (Termeszettudomanyi Muzeum)" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">HNHM</collectionCode>
; studied by MK);
<specimenCount id="24E65EDF1242FFF8FC8BFBDFFCF6AD56" box="[813,873,1053,1078]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="generic">1 ex.</specimenCount>
(Catalog No.
<collectionCode id="54F10D931242FFF8FBB4FBDFFBFEAD57" box="[1042,1121,1053,1079]" country="Taiwan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2nry-s1yg" name="National Museum of Natural Science" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">NMNS</collectionCode>
ENT 6849-29), Sheting, Hengchun,
<date id="465EB3961242FFF8FC6EFBFFFBE6AD36" box="[968,1145,1085,1110]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2009-04-01" valueMax="2009-04-19" valueMin="2009-04-01">1-19-IV-2009</date>
, M. L. Jeng &amp; T. R. Cheng leg., Flight Interception Trap. (
<collectionCode id="54F10D931242FFF8FB45FB9FFAA5AD17" box="[1251,1338,1117,1143]" country="Taiwan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2nry-s1yg" name="National Museum of Natural Science" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">NMNS</collectionCode>
);
<specimenCount id="24E65EDF1242FFF8FAEAFB9FFA19AD16" box="[1356,1414,1117,1142]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="generic">1 ex.</specimenCount>
(Catalog No.
<collectionCode id="54F10D931242FFF8FC6CFBBFFB86ADF7" box="[970,1049,1149,1175]" country="Taiwan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2nry-s1yg" name="National Museum of Natural Science" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">NMNS</collectionCode>
ENT 4810-445), same locality,
<date id="465EB3961242FFF8FC8BFB5FFC4FADD6" box="[813,976,1181,1206]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2005-02-16" valueMax="2005-02-17" valueMin="2005-02-16">16-17-II-2005</date>
, C. S. Lin &amp; W. T. Yang leg., UV Light Trap. (
<collectionCode id="54F10D931242FFF8FCDEFB7FFC50ADB7" box="[888,975,1213,1239]" country="Taiwan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2nry-s1yg" name="National Museum of Natural Science" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">NMNS</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="325F95561242FFF8FCCFFB1FFC05AC36" blockId="13.[813,1414,253,1975]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="009449441242FFF8FCCFFB1FFC41AD96" box="[873,990,1245,1270]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Diagnosis</emphasis>
: This species can be distinguished from other Taiwanese
<taxonomicName id="F5E0EED51242FFF8FB94FB3FFAAAAC76" box="[1074,1333,1277,1302]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="009449441242FFF8FB94FB3FFB4BAC76" box="[1074,1236,1277,1302]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Psammoecus</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
by the short oval habitus and the black elytra with yellow maculae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="325F95561242FFF8FCCFFA9FFB0BACD7" blockId="13.[813,1414,253,1975]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="009449441242FFF8FCCFFA9FFC71AC16" box="[873,1006,1373,1398]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Distribution</emphasis>
:
<collectingCountry id="4AF7D5C61242FFF8FC5AFA9FFBCCAC16" box="[1020,1107,1373,1398]" name="Taiwan" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="4AF7D5C61242FFF8FBF8FA9FFB34AC16" box="[1118,1195,1373,1398]" name="Japan" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Japan</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="4AF7D5C61242FFF8FB13FA9FFAA5AC16" box="[1205,1338,1373,1398]" name="Philippines" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Philippines</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="4AF7D5C61242FFF8FAE3FA9FFA1CAC16" box="[1349,1411,1373,1398]" name="India" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">India</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="4AF7D5C61242FFF8FC8BFABFFC2FACF6" box="[813,944,1405,1431]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="4AF7D5C61242FFF8FC66FABFFBA7ACF6" box="[960,1080,1405,1430]" name="Malaysia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="4AF7D5C61242FFF8FBEFFABFFB52ACF6" box="[1097,1229,1405,1430]" name="Indonesia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="4AF7D5C61242FFF8FB7BFABFFA1FACF6" box="[1245,1408,1405,1430]" name="Madagascar" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="4AF7D5C61242FFF8FC8BFA5FFC1FACD6" box="[813,896,1437,1462]" name="France" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">France</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="F0245BB41242FFF8FC28FA5FFC66ACD7" box="[910,1017,1437,1463]" country="France" name="Reunion" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Réunion</collectingRegion>
);
<collectingCountry id="4AF7D5C61242FFF8FBADFA5FFB0FACD7" box="[1035,1168,1437,1463]" name="Seychelles" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="325F95561242FFF8FCCFFA7FFC11AFD6" blockId="13.[813,1414,253,1975]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="009449441242FFF8FCCFFA7FFC41ACB6" box="[873,990,1469,1494]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Remarks</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="5671E8A71242FFF8FC52FA7FFB1FACB6" author="Pal TK" box="[1012,1152,1469,1494]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 54" refId="ref13613" refString="Pal TK. 1985. A revision of Indian Psammoecus Latreille (Coleoptera: Silvanidae). Records of the Zoological Survey of India 71: 1 - 54." type="journal article" year="1985">Pal (1985)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="5671E8A71242FFF8FB6CFA7FFA1BACB6" author="Karner M." box="[1226,1412,1469,1494]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 31" refId="ref13227" refString="Karner M. 2012. A revision of African Psammoecus from the collection of the Musee royal de l'Afrique central. European Journal of Taxonomy 17: 1 - 31. doi: http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2012.17." type="journal article" year="2012">Karner (2012)</bibRefCitation>
provided redescriptions of this species, and
<bibRefCitation id="5671E8A71242FFF8FC8BFA3FFB07AF76" author="Yoshida T &amp; Hirowatari T." box="[813,1176,1533,1558]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="15 - 45" refId="ref13985" refString="Yoshida T, Hirowatari T. 2014. A revision of Japanese species of the genus Psammoecus Latreille (Coleoptera, Silvanidae). ZooKeys 403: 15 - 45. doi: 10.3897 / zookeys. 403.7145." type="journal article" year="2014">Yoshida and Hirowatari (2014)</bibRefCitation>
provided a detailed description of male genital structure of this species. In this study, we examined morphology-including male genitalia of
<taxonomicName id="F5E0EED51242FFF8FBAFF99FFBE0AF16" box="[1033,1151,1629,1654]" class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" genus="Psammoecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stultus">
<emphasis id="009449441242FFF8FBAFF99FFB84AF16" box="[1033,1051,1629,1654]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="009449441242FFF8FB88F99FFBE0AF16" box="[1070,1151,1629,1654]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">stultus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="ED5B2BF41242FFF8FB2CF99FFB21AF16" box="[1162,1214,1629,1654]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">type</typeStatus>
specimens
<emphasis id="009449441242FFF8FAE8F99FFAC8AF16" box="[1358,1367,1629,1654]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">-</emphasis>
and found
<taxonomicName id="F5E0EED51242FFF8FCDBF9BFFC6DAFF6" box="[893,1010,1661,1686]" class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" genus="Psammoecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stultus">
<emphasis id="009449441242FFF8FCDBF9BFFC10AFF6" box="[893,911,1661,1686]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="009449441242FFF8FC07F9BFFC6DAFF6" box="[929,1010,1661,1686]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">stultus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should be synonymized with
<taxonomicName id="F5E0EED51242FFF8FACAF9BFFC18AFD6" authorityName="Grouvelle" authorityYear="1892" class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" genus="Psammoecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simonis">
<emphasis id="009449441242FFF8FACAF9BFFAE1AFF6" box="[1388,1406,1661,1686]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="009449441242FFF8FC8BF95FFC18AFD6" box="[813,903,1693,1718]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">simonis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="325F95561242FFFBFCCFF97FFE36AAF6" blockId="13.[813,1414,253,1975]" lastBlockId="14.[174,775,253,918]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<bibRefCitation id="5671E8A71242FFF8FCCFF97FFBD2AFB6" author="Grouvelle A." box="[873,1101,1725,1751]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="285 - 288" refId="ref12697" refString="Grouvelle A. 1892. Voyage de M. E. Simon a l'ile de Luzon, Philippines (Mars et Avril 1890), 5 e memoire. Cucujides. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France 61: 285 - 288." type="journal article" year="1892">Grouvelle (1892)</bibRefCitation>
initially described this species as ‘simonis’, but later
<bibRefCitation id="5671E8A71242FFF8FB14F91FFA1AAF96" author="Grouvelle A." box="[1202,1413,1757,1783]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="315 - 495" refId="ref12782" refString="Grouvelle A. 1908. Coleopteres de la region Indienne. Rhysodidae, Trogositidae, Nitidulidae, Colydiidae, Cucujidae. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France 77: 315 - 495." type="journal article" year="1908">Grouvelle (1908)</bibRefCitation>
referred to it as ‘simoni’, and all subsequent authors have used the latter spelling (
<bibRefCitation id="5671E8A71242FFF8FAA9F8DFFCF0AE36" author="Hetschko A." pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="109" refId="ref13002" refString="Hetschko A. 1930. Fam. Cucujidae. In: Coleopterorum Catalogus Pars 109. W. Junk, Berlin." type="book chapter" year="1930">Hetschko 1930</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="5671E8A71242FFF8FC21F8FFFB9BAE36" author="Pal TK" box="[903,1028,1853,1878]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 54" refId="ref13613" refString="Pal TK. 1985. A revision of Indian Psammoecus Latreille (Coleoptera: Silvanidae). Records of the Zoological Survey of India 71: 1 - 54." type="journal article" year="1985">Pal 1985</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="5671E8A71242FFF8FBBAF8FFFAE3AE36" author="Sen Gupta T &amp; Pal TK" box="[1052,1404,1853,1879]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="ref13823" refString="Sen Gupta T, Pal TK. 1996. Fauna of India and the Adjacent Countries. Calvicornia [sic]: Coleoptera. Family Silvanidae. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta." type="book" year="1996">Sen Gupta and Pal 1996</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="5671E8A71242FFF8FC8BF89FFC56AE16" author="Hirano Y." box="[813,969,1885,1910]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="57 - 83" refId="ref13024" refString="Hirano Y. 2009. Notes on Japanese Silvanidae (Nihonsan hosohiratamushi-ka ni tsuite). Kanagawa-chuho 168: 57 - 83. (in Japanese)" type="journal article" year="2009">Hirano 2009</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="5671E8A71242FFF8FC73F89FFB87AE16" author="Hirano Y." box="[981,1048,1885,1910]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="ref13051" refString="Hirano Y. 2010. Cucujoidea of Japan Vol. 2 Silvanidae, Byturidae, Biphyllidae. Roppon-Ashi Entomological Books, Tokyo. (in Japanese, with English title)" type="book" year="2010">2010</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="5671E8A71242FFF8FB81F89FFB5AAE16" author="Karner M." box="[1063,1221,1885,1910]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 31" refId="ref13227" refString="Karner M. 2012. A revision of African Psammoecus from the collection of the Musee royal de l'Afrique central. European Journal of Taxonomy 17: 1 - 31. doi: http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2012.17." type="journal article" year="2012">Karner 2012</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="5671E8A71242FFF8FB77F89FFA8BAE16" author="Karner M." box="[1233,1300,1885,1910]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref13275" refString="Karner M. 2014. Three new species and new records of African Psammoecus Latreille (Coleoptera, Silvanidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 89: 1 - 18. doi: http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2014.89." type="journal article" year="2014">2014</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="5671E8A71242FFF8FA84F89FFBB3AEF6" author="Yoshida T &amp; Hirowatari T." pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="15 - 45" refId="ref13985" refString="Yoshida T, Hirowatari T. 2014. A revision of Japanese species of the genus Psammoecus Latreille (Coleoptera, Silvanidae). ZooKeys 403: 15 - 45. doi: 10.3897 / zookeys. 403.7145." type="journal article" year="2014">Yoshida and Hirowatari 2014</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="5671E8A71242FFF8FB91F8BFFBE3AEF6" author="Yoshida T &amp; Hirowatari T." box="[1079,1148,1917,1942]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="90 - 102" refId="ref14024" refString="Yoshida T, Hirowatari T. 2015. Larval and pupal morphology of three species of the genus Psammoecus Latreille (Coleoptera: Silvanidae: Brontinae) in Japan with reference to the number of larval instars. Zootaxa 3937 (1): 90 - 102." type="journal article" year="2015">2015</bibRefCitation>
). According to Article 33 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, if the original spelling was changed without demonstrably intentional emendation, the subsequent spelling should be regarded as incorrect and not an available name except in the case that the subsequent spelling is in prevailing usage. Otherwise, Article 23.9.1 of the code states that prevailing usage of the junior synonym must be maintained when the senior synonym has not been used as a valid name after 1899, and the junior synonym has been used for a particular taxon as its presumed valid name in at least 25 works, published by at least 10 authors in the immediately preceding 50 years and encompassing a span of not less than 10 years. In the case of this species, the subsequent spelling ‘simoni’ changed without demonstrably intentional emendation should be regarded as an incorrect spelling, and it has not been in prevailing usage like the requirement in the Article 23.9.1 of the code. Therefore, ‘simonis’ is deemed to be valid name of this species.
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