<documentid="D63084E6C99A0D39C78B718D24F2177C"ID-CLB-Dataset="37318"ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.245827"ID-GBIF-Dataset="69cf893c-7b35-48e8-ad78-d9775626f287"ID-ISSN="1175-5326"ID-Zenodo-Dep="245827"ID-ZooBank="9345C596-8656-4B5C-AD8C-2FACF4E9240C"IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe"IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe"IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi"IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe"checkinTime="1484506177574"checkinUser="GgServerImporter"docAuthor="Blake, James A."docDate="2017"docId="8F2387DD063A0937FF31F864FD89FAB3"docLanguage="en"docName="Zootaxa.4218.1.001-145"docOrigin="Zootaxa 4218 (1)"docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph"docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3"docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph"docStyleVersion="14"docTitle="Leodamas Kinberg 1866"docType="treatment"docVersion="15"lastPageNumber="59"masterDocId="731AFFA50615090DFFA6FFEBFFDCFFC0"masterDocTitle="Polychaeta Orbiniidae from Antarctica, the Southern Ocean, the Abyssal Pacific Ocean, and off South America"masterLastPageNumber="145"masterPageNumber="1"pageNumber="48"updateTime="1732822248022"updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:titleid="7CE402A5A35806CBE0AA0B506CF68FEC">Polychaeta Orbiniidae from Antarctica, the Southern Ocean, the Abyssal Pacific Ocean, and off South America</mods:title>
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A063A0922FED7F864FDFFF869"author="Kinberg"box="[369,547,1935,1961]"pageId="47"pageNumber="48"refString="Kinberg, J. (1866) Annulata nova. Ofversight af Kungliga Vetenskaps - Adakemiens Forhandlingar, Stockholm, 22, 239 - 258."type="journal article"year="1866">Kinberg, 1866</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A063A0922FE7CF83EFDB2F82B"author="Kinberg"box="[474,622,2005,2027]"pageId="47"pageNumber="48"refString="Kinberg, J. (1866) Annulata nova. Ofversight af Kungliga Vetenskaps - Adakemiens Forhandlingar, Stockholm, 22, 239 - 258."type="journal article"year="1866">Kinberg, 1866</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0625093DFE35FF73FD91FF6E"author="Chamberlin"box="[403,589,152,174]"pageId="48"pageNumber="49"refString="Chamberlin, R. V. (1919) The Annelida Polychaeta. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard, 48, 1 - 514, plates 1 - 80."type="journal article"year="1919">Chamberlin, 1919</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0625093DFC10FF73FBACFF6E"author="Chamberlin"box="[950,1136,152,174]"pageId="48"pageNumber="49"refString="Chamberlin, R. V. (1919) The Annelida Polychaeta. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard, 48, 1 - 514, plates 1 - 80."type="journal article"year="1919">Chamberlin, 1919</bibRefCitation>
Prostomium pointed on anterior margin, usually prolonged; most species with a single achaetous peristomial segment; immature adults of some species with two achaetous peristomial segments and adults of at least one species with vague indication of two achaetous segments. Branchiae single or multiple branches, either from anterior thoracic setigers 4–7 or from posterior thoracic setigers or first abdominal setigers. Posterior thoracic setigers with 0–2 postsetal lobes and 0–2 subpodial lobes, never more than four lobes of both
combined; not forming ventral fringes. Thoracic neuropodial uncini large, conspicuous arranged in one to many distinct vertical rows, with accompanying capillaries few or entirely lacking; heavy spear-like spines and bristle-topped setae absent. Abdominal neuropodia with projecting aciculae, either thin and inconspicuous or large and curved apically. Abdominal noto- or neuropodial flail setae present or absent.
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0625093DFD39FDD6FC98FD96"author="Kinberg"box="[671,836,573,598]"pageId="48"pageNumber="49"refString="Kinberg, J. (1866) Annulata nova. Ofversight af Kungliga Vetenskaps - Adakemiens Forhandlingar, Stockholm, 22, 239 - 258."type="journal article"year="1866">Kinberg, 1866</bibRefCitation>
, Latin for deer. It seems likely that Kinberg noticed the branches of the thoracic notopodial lamellae and compared them with antlers of a deer, hence the name.
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0625093DFCEBFD26FC3FFD26"author="Blake"box="[845,995,717,742]"pageId="48"pageNumber="49"refString="Blake, J. A. (2000) A new genus and species of polychaete worm (Family Orbiniidae) from methane seeps in the Gulf of Mexico, with a review of the systematics and phylogenetic interrelationships of the genera of Orbiniidae. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 41, 435 - 449."type="journal article"year="2000">Blake (2000)</bibRefCitation>
the thoracic neuropodial uncini are relatively thin, inconspicuous, and accompanied in each setal row by numerous capillaries. In contrast, the thoracic neuropodial uncini of all species of
are large, conspicuous and arranged in 1–7 (usually 1–4) distinct vertical rows; capillaries if present, are few in number, in separate fascicles, usually dorsal to the uncini, and relatively inconspicuous. One unique feature of several species of
is that the anterior row of uncini often extends ventrally, curving under other rows of uncini, continuing dorsally as a short posterior row. Other species of
have emergent neuropodial aciculae in abdominal segments. The appearance of branchiae on anterior thoracic setigers in most of the better known species of
<tableCitationid="4A0803700625093DFE0BFA76FDDDFA76"box="[429,513,1437,1462]"captionStart="TABLE 1"captionStartId="52.[119,194,580,599]"captionText="TABLE 1. Taxonomic Characters for 29 Species of Leodamas."pageId="48"pageNumber="49">Table 1</tableCitation>
): (A) Species with branchiae beginning from an anterior thoracic setiger (4–7) and with the thoracic neuropodial uncini typically occurring in three or more vertical rows and (B) Species with branchiae beginning from a posterior thoracic or anterior abdominal setiger and with thoracic neuropodial uncini typically occurring in only 1 or 2 vertical rows. In general this dichotomy holds up well, however
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0625093DFF38F9C6FE1AF986"author="Hartmann-Schroder"box="[158,454,1581,1606]"pageId="48"pageNumber="49"refString="Hartmann-Schroder, G. (1991) Zur Kenntnis des Eulitorals der australischen Kusten unter besonderer Berucksichtigung der Polychaeten und Ostracoden. Teil 16. Die Polychaeten der subtropisch-tropischen bis tropischen Ostkuste Australiens zwischen Maclean (New South Wales) und Gladstone (Queensland) sowie von Heron Island (Großes Barriere-Riff). Mitteilungen des Hamburgischen zoologischen Museum und Institut, 88, 17 - 71."type="journal article"year="1991">Hartmann-Schröder, 1991</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
is intermediate with branchiae beginning from a posterior thoracic segment and with 3–4 vertical rows of thoracic neuropodial uncini. The following list includes all known species of
either derived from the literature or encountered in this study.
<tableCitationid="4A0803700625093DFC83F99EFCA7F94E"box="[805,891,1653,1678]"captionStart="TABLE 1"captionStartId="52.[119,194,580,599]"captionText="TABLE 1. Taxonomic Characters for 29 Species of Leodamas."pageId="48"pageNumber="49">Table 1</tableCitation>
includes the main morphological characters as taken from key references or from actual observations. There are likely additional species of
<paragraphid="073536CB0625093DFF31F8EEFF09F881"blockId="48.[151,1436,1797,1857]"pageId="48"pageNumber="49">Species with branchiae from an anterior thoracic setiger (4–7); thoracic neuropodial uncini in 3–4 or more vertical rows:</paragraph>
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0625093DFEF0F89AFE27F84A"author="Kinberg"box="[342,507,1905,1930]"pageId="48"pageNumber="49"refString="Kinberg, J. (1866) Annulata nova. Ofversight af Kungliga Vetenskaps - Adakemiens Forhandlingar, Stockholm, 22, 239 - 258."type="journal article"year="1866">Kinberg, 1866</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0625093DFE07F87EFD4FF86E"author="Eibye-Jacobsen"box="[417,659,1941,1966]"pageId="48"pageNumber="49"refString="Eibye-Jacobsen, D. (2002) The Orbiniidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) of the BIOSHELF Project, Andaman Sea, Thailand. Phuket Marine Biological Center, Special Publication, 24, 77 - 99."type="journal article"year="2002">Eibye-Jacobsen,2002</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0625093DFE29F852FDF9F812"author="Fauvel"box="[399,549,1977,2002]"pageId="48"pageNumber="49"refString="Fauvel, P. (1902) Annelides polychetes de la Casamance rapportees par M. Aug. Chevalier. Bulletin de la Societe linneenne de Normandie, ser. 5, 5, 59 - 105."type="journal article"year="1902">Fauvel, 1902</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0624093CFED3FE84FE25FE48"author="Pillai"box="[373,505,367,392]"pageId="49"pageNumber="50"refString="Pillai, T. G. (1961) Annelida Polychaeta of Tambalagam Lake, Ceylon. Ceylon Journal of Science, (Biological Science), 4 (1), 1 - 40."type="journal article"year="1961">Pillai, 1961</bibRefCitation>
<taxonomicNameid="C08A4D480624093CFF31FE7FFD81FE6D"ID-CoL="6P98K"authority="Dean & Blake, 2015"authorityName="Dean & Blake"authorityYear="2015"box="[151,605,404,429]"class="Polychaeta"family="Orbiniidae"genus="Leodamas"kingdom="Animalia"pageId="49"pageNumber="50"phylum="Annelida"rank="species"species="hamatus">
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0624093CFED1FE7EFD81FE6D"author="Dean"box="[375,605,404,429]"pageId="49"pageNumber="50"refString="Dean, H. K. & Blake, J. A. (2015) The Orbiniidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) of Pacific Costa Rica. Zootaxa, 3956, 183 - 198. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3956.2.2"type="journal article"year="2015">Dean & Blake, 2015</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0624093CFE32FE37FDD6FE34"author="Day"box="[404,522,476,500]"pageId="49"pageNumber="50"refString="Day, J. H. (1934) On a collection of South African Polychaeta, with a catalogue of the species recorded from South Africa, Angola, Mosambique, and Madagascar. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, 39 (263), 15 - 82."type="journal article"year="1934">Day, 1934</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0624093CFDE4FDEBFD6BFDD8"author="Day"box="[578,695,511,536]"pageId="49"pageNumber="50"refString="Day, J. H. (1961) The polychaete fauna of South Africa. Part 6. Sedentary species dredged off Cape coasts with a few new records from the shore. Journal of the Linnaean Society, Zoology, 44, 463 - 560, 18 figures."type="book chapter"year="1961">Day, 1961</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0624093CFD59FDEBFCB1FDD8"author="Day"box="[767,877,512,536]"pageId="49"pageNumber="50"refString="Day, J. H. (1977) A review of the Australian and New Zealand Orbiniidae (Annelida: Polychaeta). In: Reish, D. J. & Fauchald, K. (Eds.), Essays on Polychaetous Annelids in Memory of Dr. Olga Hartman, pp. 217 - 246. [Allan Hancock Foundation, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.]"type="book chapter"year="1977">Day 1977</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0624093CFD9EFD64FD2DFD68"author="Averincev"box="[568,753,655,680]"pageId="49"pageNumber="50"refString="Averincev, V. G. (1982) Seasonal variations in the sublittoral polychaete fauna of the Davis Sea. Issledovaniya fauny morei, Academyia Nauk, SSSR. [Explorations of the Fauna of the Seas, Academy of Sciences of the USSR], 28 (36), 4 - 70. [In Russian with English abstract]. [Translated into English by the Multilingual Services Division, Ottawa, Canada, August, 1989, 101 pp.]"type="book chapter"year="1982">Averincev, 1982</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraphid="073536CB0624093CFF31FC46FD8BFC29"blockId="49.[151,1436,941,1002]"pageId="49"pageNumber="50">Species with branchiae from a posterior thoracic setiger or anterior abdominal setiger (12–40); thoracic neuropodial uncini in 1–2 vertical rows.</paragraph>
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0624093CFE04FBFFFD14FBEC"author="Hartmann-Schroder"box="[418,712,1044,1069]"pageId="49"pageNumber="50"refString="Hartmann-Schroder, G. (1991) Zur Kenntnis des Eulitorals der australischen Kusten unter besonderer Berucksichtigung der Polychaeten und Ostracoden. Teil 16. Die Polychaeten der subtropisch-tropischen bis tropischen Ostkuste Australiens zwischen Maclean (New South Wales) und Gladstone (Queensland) sowie von Heron Island (Großes Barriere-Riff). Mitteilungen des Hamburgischen zoologischen Museum und Institut, 88, 17 - 71."type="journal article"year="1991">Hartmann-Schröder, 1991</bibRefCitation>
<taxonomicNameid="C08A4D480624093CFF31FBD3FDA4FB90"ID-CoL="85RHK"authority="Nonato & Luna, 1970"authorityName="Nonato & Luna"authorityYear="1970"box="[151,632,1080,1104]"class="Polychaeta"family="Orbiniidae"genus="Leodamas"kingdom="Animalia"pageId="49"pageNumber="50"phylum="Annelida"rank="species"species="agrestis"status="comb. nov.">
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0624093CFED1FBD3FDACFB90"author="Nonato"box="[375,624,1080,1104]"pageId="49"pageNumber="50"refString="Nonato, E. F. & Luna, J. A. C. (1970) Annelidos polichaetas do Nordeste do Brasil. I - Poliquetas bentonicos de costa de Alagoas e Sergipe. Boletim do Instituo Oceanografico de Sao Paulo, 19, 57 - 130."type="journal article"year="1970">Nonato & Luna, 1970</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0624093CFE30FBB7FDFAFBB4"author="Ehlers"box="[406,550,1116,1141]"pageId="49"pageNumber="50"refString="Ehlers, E. (1904) Neuseelandische Anneliden. Abhhandlungen der koniglichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Gottingen, Mathematisch-Physikalische Klasse, Neue Folge 3, 1 - 80, plates 1 - 9."type="journal article"year="1904">Ehlers, 1904</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0624093CFE36FA97FDCEFA54"author="Eisig"box="[400,530,1404,1429]"pageId="49"pageNumber="50"refString="Eisig, H. (1914) Zur Systematik, Anatomie und Morphologie der Arciiden nebst Beitragen zur generallen Systematik. Mitteilungen aus der Zoologischen Station Neapel, 21, 153 - 600. [plates 10 - 27, 23 text figures.]"type="journal article"year="1914">Eisig, 1914</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0624093CFDE6FA74FD38FA78"author="Kinberg"box="[576,740,1439,1464]"pageId="49"pageNumber="50"refString="Kinberg, J. (1866) Annulata nova. Ofversight af Kungliga Vetenskaps - Adakemiens Forhandlingar, Stockholm, 22, 239 - 258."type="journal article"year="1866">Kinberg, 1866</bibRefCitation>
As part of this review several potential taxonomic problems have been identified, largely associated with the nature of the abdominal neuropodial uncini, including their size and the degree of curvature of the curved or hooked tip.
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0624093CFC5FF9C6FB47F986"author="Tebble"box="[1017,1179,1581,1606]"pageId="49"pageNumber="50"refString="Tebble, N. (1955) Polychaeta of the Gold Coast. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History, 3 (2), 59 - 148."type="journal article"year="1955">Tebble (1955)</bibRefCitation>
. However, the original account was brief and certain key characters were not clearly discussed or illustrated. The species was subsequently reported from
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0624093CFE65F99EFDB1F94E"author="Gallardo"box="[451,621,1653,1678]"pageId="49"pageNumber="50"refString="Gallardo, V. A. (1967) Polychaeta from the Bay of Nha Trang, South Viet Nam. Naga Report, 4 (3), 35 - 279."type="journal article"year="1967">Gallardo 1967</bibRefCitation>
), the Andaman Sea (
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0624093CFCC3F99EFB81F94E"author="Eibye-Jacobsen"box="[869,1117,1653,1678]"pageId="49"pageNumber="50"refString="Eibye-Jacobsen, D. (2002) The Orbiniidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) of the BIOSHELF Project, Andaman Sea, Thailand. Phuket Marine Biological Center, Special Publication, 24, 77 - 99."type="journal article"year="2002">Eibye-Jacobsen 2002</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0624093CFF31F972FE9CF972"author="Schroder"box="[151,320,1689,1714]"pageId="49"pageNumber="50"refString="Hartmann-Schroder, G. (1979) Die Polychaeten der tropischen Nordwestkuste Australiens (zwischen Derby im Norden und Port Hedland im Suden). In: G. Hartmann-Schroder & Hartmann, G. (Eds.), Zur Kenntnis der Eulitorals der australischen kusten unter besonderer Berucksichtigung der Polychaeten und Ostracoden (Teil 2 und Teil 3). Mitteilungen des Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museums und Instituts, 76, 75 - 218, 373 figures, 1 plate."type="book chapter"year="1979">Schröder 1979</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0624093CFD09F972FC79F972"author="Eibye-Jacobsen"box="[687,933,1689,1714]"pageId="49"pageNumber="50"refString="Eibye-Jacobsen, D. (2002) The Orbiniidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) of the BIOSHELF Project, Andaman Sea, Thailand. Phuket Marine Biological Center, Special Publication, 24, 77 - 99."type="journal article"year="2002">Eibye-Jacobsen 2002</bibRefCitation>
) and
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0624093CFC4BF972FB38F972"box="[1005,1252,1689,1714]"pageId="49"pageNumber="50"refString="Zhadan, A., Stupnikova, A. & Neretina, T. (2015) Orbiniidae (Annelida: Errantia) from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia with notes on orbiniid phylogeny. Zootaxa, 4019 (1), 773 - 801. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4019.1.27"type="journal article">
. The two latter accounts reported considerable variability in the size, shape, and degree of curvature of the abdominal neuropodial uncini. It is likely that the original West African account and the more recent reports from Asia and
represent different species. The only resolution to this would be to re-examine the specimens reported by
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0624093CFAF6F8EEFF39F882"author="Tebble"pageId="49"pageNumber="50"refString="Tebble, N. (1955) Polychaeta of the Gold Coast. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History, 3 (2), 59 - 148."type="journal article"year="1955">Tebble (1955)</bibRefCitation>
which was originally described from southern Africa by
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0624093CFACBF8A5FF3DF84A"author="Day"pageId="49"pageNumber="50"refString="Day, J. H. (1934) On a collection of South African Polychaeta, with a catalogue of the species recorded from South Africa, Angola, Mosambique, and Madagascar. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, 39 (263), 15 - 82."type="journal article"year="1934">Day (1934)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0624093CFC9BF899FC6EF84A"author="Day"box="[829,946,1906,1930]"pageId="49"pageNumber="50"refString="Day, J. H. (1977) A review of the Australian and New Zealand Orbiniidae (Annelida: Polychaeta). In: Reish, D. J. & Fauchald, K. (Eds.), Essays on Polychaetous Annelids in Memory of Dr. Olga Hartman, pp. 217 - 246. [Allan Hancock Foundation, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.]"type="book chapter"year="1977">Day 1977</bibRefCitation>
). Here the main issue seems to be with the presence of 1 or 2 subpodial papillae in the last thoracic and anterior abdominal segments. Other aspects of the morphology have not been so carefully compared, and given the great geographic distance between records of the species it would be of interest to compare African and Australian specimens.
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0627093FFCB4FF57FC11FF14"author="Fauchald"box="[786,973,188,213]"pageId="50"pageNumber="51"refString="Fauchald, K. (1972) Benthic polychaetous annelids from deep water off western Mexico and adjacent areas in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Allan Hancock Monographs in Marine Biology, 7, 1 - 575, 69 plates."type="book chapter"year="1972">Fauchald (1972)</bibRefCitation>
, but the species is not well described and illustrated and may not belong to this genus. The arrangement of the thoracic neuropodial uncini is not stated, only that 10–15 uncini are present per neuropodium. Further, the text suggests that there are numerous capillaries in these neuropodia as well, which if true would imply that the species belongs in
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0627093FFC32FE7FFBB7FE6C"author="Chamberlin"box="[916,1131,404,429]"pageId="50"pageNumber="51"refString="Chamberlin, R. V. (1919) The Annelida Polychaeta. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard, 48, 1 - 514, plates 1 - 80."type="journal article"year="1919">Chamberlin (1919)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0627093FFD1DFE5CFC86FE10"author="Fauvel"box="[699,858,439,464]"pageId="50"pageNumber="51"refString="Fauvel, P. (1932) Annelida Polychaeta of the Indian Museum, Calcutta. Memoirs of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, 12, 1 - 262, 9 plates, 4 text figures."type="book chapter"year="1932">Fauvel (1932)</bibRefCitation>
. The species does not appear to have been reported since. There are differences in the two accounts. Neither author reported the number of rows of thoracic neuropodial uncini. The uncini are described by
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0627093FFC8BFE14FBD9FDD8"author="Chamberlin"box="[813,1029,511,536]"pageId="50"pageNumber="51"refString="Chamberlin, R. V. (1919) The Annelida Polychaeta. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard, 48, 1 - 514, plates 1 - 80."type="journal article"year="1919">Chamberlin (1919)</bibRefCitation>
as strongly striated with numerous camerations, curved in a reverse direction and taper to a fine point.
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0627093FFC05FDCFFB9FFDFC"author="Fauvel"box="[931,1091,548,573]"pageId="50"pageNumber="51"refString="Fauvel, P. (1932) Annelida Polychaeta of the Indian Museum, Calcutta. Memoirs of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, 12, 1 - 262, 9 plates, 4 text figures."type="book chapter"year="1932">Fauvel (1932)</bibRefCitation>
on the other hand describes a more typical stout, blunt-tipped acicula that is relatively straight, and with transverse ribs on the convex side.
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0627093FFF31FD87FEACFD44"author="Chamberlin"box="[151,368,620,645]"pageId="50"pageNumber="51"refString="Chamberlin, R. V. (1919) The Annelida Polychaeta. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard, 48, 1 - 514, plates 1 - 80."type="journal article"year="1919">Chamberlin (1919)</bibRefCitation>
did not report an emergent abdominal neuropodial acicula.
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0627093FFB8EFD87FB15FD44"author="Fauvel"box="[1064,1225,620,645]"pageId="50"pageNumber="51"refString="Fauvel, P. (1932) Annelida Polychaeta of the Indian Museum, Calcutta. Memoirs of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, 12, 1 - 262, 9 plates, 4 text figures."type="book chapter"year="1932">Fauvel (1932)</bibRefCitation>
described a stout, blunt acicula accompanied by 4–6 capillaries. Given that the two accounts are so disjunct geographically and that morphological differences are reported, it is possible that more than one species is involved and the collections, if available should be re-examined. A closely related new species,
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0627093FFD3CFCF4FC95FCF8"author="Gallardo"box="[666,841,799,824]"pageId="50"pageNumber="51"refString="Gallardo, V. A. (1967) Polychaeta from the Bay of Nha Trang, South Viet Nam. Naga Report, 4 (3), 35 - 279."type="journal article"year="1967">Gallardo, 1967</bibRefCitation>
has an elongated postsetal lobe. This also represents another very disjunct distribution:
<collectingCountryid="7F9D765B0627093FFD70FC83FD26FC40"box="[726,762,872,896]"name="United States of America"pageId="50"pageNumber="51">US</collectingCountry>
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0627093FFC1AFC44FB95FC08"author="Pillai"box="[956,1097,943,968]"pageId="50"pageNumber="51"refString="Pillai, T. G. (1961) Annelida Polychaeta of Tambalagam Lake, Ceylon. Ceylon Journal of Science, (Biological Science), 4 (1), 1 - 40."type="journal article"year="1961">Pillai (1961)</bibRefCitation>
from Sri Lanka, Viet Nam by
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0627093FFF31FC3FFE90FC2D"author="Gallardo"box="[151,332,980,1005]"pageId="50"pageNumber="51"refString="Gallardo, V. A. (1967) Polychaeta from the Bay of Nha Trang, South Viet Nam. Naga Report, 4 (3), 35 - 279."type="journal article"year="1967">Gallardo (1967)</bibRefCitation>
, the Andaman Sea by
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0627093FFDE2FC3FFC94FC2C"author="Eibye-Jacobsen"box="[580,840,980,1005]"pageId="50"pageNumber="51"refString="Eibye-Jacobsen, D. (2002) The Orbiniidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) of the BIOSHELF Project, Andaman Sea, Thailand. Phuket Marine Biological Center, Special Publication, 24, 77 - 99."type="journal article"year="2002">Eibye-Jacobsen (2002)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0627093FFB4BFC3EFF3DFBD0"author="Nonato"pageId="50"pageNumber="51"refString="Nonato, E. F. & Luna, J. A. C. (1970) Annelidos polichaetas do Nordeste do Brasil. I - Poliquetas bentonicos de costa de Alagoas e Sergipe. Boletim do Instituo Oceanografico de Sao Paulo, 19, 57 - 130."type="journal article"year="1970">Nonato & Luna (1970)</bibRefCitation>
. Both species have 3–4 large pointed acicular spines anterior to the smaller and normal vertical rows of uncini that occur in thoracic neuropodia. The two species differ however, in that the vertical rows of uncini number only one in
<tableCitationid="4A0803700627093FFB26FB47FB0AFB04"box="[1152,1238,1196,1221]"captionStart="TABLE 1"captionStartId="52.[119,194,580,599]"captionText="TABLE 1. Taxonomic Characters for 29 Species of Leodamas."pageId="50"pageNumber="51">Table 1</tableCitation>
originally described from South Island, New Zealand by
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0627093FFEFDFAFCFE24FAF0"author="Ehlers"box="[347,504,1303,1328]"pageId="50"pageNumber="51"refString="Ehlers, E. (1904) Neuseelandische Anneliden. Abhhandlungen der koniglichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Gottingen, Mathematisch-Physikalische Klasse, Neue Folge 3, 1 - 80, plates 1 - 9."type="journal article"year="1904">Ehlers (1904)</bibRefCitation>
long and 115 setigers. This original description depicted a fairly typical orbiniid with a pointed prostomium, peristomium with a single ring, and parapodia consisting elongate, flattened notopodial lamellae and reduced neuropodia. All setae were described as thin hairy bristles (“dünner feilkerbiger Borsten”), undoubtedly referring to the camerated nature of most orbiniid capillaries. The presence or absence of thoracic neuropodial spines or uncini was not indicated. The branchiae were described and illustrated as single, but one was noted to have a protrusion, suggesting bifurcation. The second report of the species was by
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0627093FFE73FA1BFD5BF9C8"author="Augener"box="[469,647,1520,1544]"pageId="50"pageNumber="51"refString="Augener, H. (1914) Die Fauna Sudwest-Australiens. Polychaeta Sedentaria. Herausgegeben von Michaelsen und Hartmeyer, Jena, 5, 1 - 170, 1 plate."type="book chapter"year="1914">Augener (1914)</bibRefCitation>
from intertidal sands in SW Australia based on two specimens, one of which was missing the anterior end. A specimen from New Zealand was provided from the Bremer Museum for comparison, but it was not stated if this was one of the syntypes from Ehlers’ collection. The Australian specimen was larger,
long and with 210 segments. The nature of the parapodia and setae were not mentioned. Instead, a detailed description of the branchiae was provided; these were determined to have 2, 3, and 4 branches. The one figure (
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0627093FFF4FF94FFDEDF97C"author="Augener"box="[233,561,1700,1725]"pageId="50"pageNumber="51"refString="Augener, H. (1914) Die Fauna Sudwest-Australiens. Polychaeta Sedentaria. Herausgegeben von Michaelsen und Hartmeyer, Jena, 5, 1 - 170, 1 plate."type="book chapter"year="1914">Augener 1914: Plate I, fig. 4</bibRefCitation>
) clearly shows dichotomous branching.
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0627093FFC5AF94FFB73F97D"author="Augener"box="[1020,1199,1700,1725]"pageId="50"pageNumber="51"refString="Augener, H. (1926) Polychaeten von Neuseeland. II. Sedentaria. Videnskabelige Meddelelser Naturhistorisk Forening i KObenhavn, 81, 157 - 294."type="journal article"year="1926">Augener (1926)</bibRefCitation>
recorded the species from near Dunedin, South Island, New Zealand. He noted that the branchiae were from setiger 22 and had up to four branches; no information was provided on the thoracic neurosetae. The fourth report of the species was by
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0627093FFF31F8FBFEE4F8E8"author="Monro"box="[151,312,1808,1832]"pageId="50"pageNumber="51"refString="Monro, C. C. A. (1939) Polychaeta. Antarctic Research Expedition, 1929 - 193, Reports, Ser. B (Zoology and Botany), 4 (4), 89 - 156. [28 figures, Adelaide, Australia.]"type="book chapter"year="1939">Monro (1939)</bibRefCitation>
based on several specimens from Tasmania, Australia. One complete specimen was
and reviewed the reports and noted considerable variability within the species accounts, in particular that the branchiae began anywhere from setigers 17–50. None of these earlier reports made any mention of spines or uncini in the thoracic neuropodia; but projecting uncini were observed by
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0626093EFE89FF7CFE10FF70"author="Ehlers"box="[303,460,151,176]"pageId="51"pageNumber="52"refString="Ehlers, E. (1904) Neuseelandische Anneliden. Abhhandlungen der koniglichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Gottingen, Mathematisch-Physikalische Klasse, Neue Folge 3, 1 - 80, plates 1 - 9."type="journal article"year="1904">Ehlers (1904)</bibRefCitation>
in the posterior neuropodia, a characteristic typical of many species of
. This was another species with dendritically branched branchiae with up to six filaments reported from setiger 18, or the first abdominal setiger. In addition to capillary setae, Hartman reported that this species lacked notopodial furcate setae but had 8–14 large thoracic neuropodial uncini arranged in a distinct J-shaped row anterior to the capillaries; these uncini were reported as blunt tipped, and with no hood. She also reported the presence of projecting aciculae in posterior neuropodia. All of these characters agree with the genus
as defined in this study for species of Group B, where large thoracic neuropodial uncini are present in 1–2 vertical rows and branchiae begin in posterior thoracic or anterior abdominal segments.
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0626093EFF61FDCEFE9EFDFD"author="Day"box="[199,322,548,573]"pageId="51"pageNumber="52"refString="Day, J. A. (1975) On a collection of Polychaeta from intertidal and shallow reefs near Perth, Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum, 3 (3), 167 - 208."type="journal article"year="1975">Day (1975</bibRefCitation>
:
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0626093EFEEBFDCFFE5AFDFC"author="Day"box="[333,390,548,572]"pageId="51"pageNumber="52"refString="Day, J. H. (1977) A review of the Australian and New Zealand Orbiniidae (Annelida: Polychaeta). In: Reish, D. J. & Fauchald, K. (Eds.), Essays on Polychaetous Annelids in Memory of Dr. Olga Hartman, pp. 217 - 246. [Allan Hancock Foundation, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.]"type="book chapter"year="1977">1977</bibRefCitation>
) reported on eight specimens from South Australia that he identified as
that differed from earlier accounts in having instead of lacking a small group of curved, serrated hooks in addition to crenulate capillaries in thoracic neuropodia. He also had Monro’s specimens in the British Museum checked and they were reported to him as also having hooks in thoracic neuropodia. For this reason,
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0626093EFBDBFD7BFB22FD68"author="Day"box="[1149,1278,655,680]"pageId="51"pageNumber="52"refString="Day, J. A. (1975) On a collection of Polychaeta from intertidal and shallow reefs near Perth, Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum, 3 (3), 167 - 208."type="journal article"year="1975">Day (1975)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0626093EFCF3FD5EFC03FD0C"author="Day"box="[853,991,692,717]"pageId="51"pageNumber="52"refString="Day, J. H. (1977) A review of the Australian and New Zealand Orbiniidae (Annelida: Polychaeta). In: Reish, D. J. & Fauchald, K. (Eds.), Essays on Polychaetous Annelids in Memory of Dr. Olga Hartman, pp. 217 - 246. [Allan Hancock Foundation, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.]"type="book chapter"year="1977">Day (1977)</bibRefCitation>
from most coasts of Australia and considered it to be one of the most common orbiniids he encountered. In the same paper,
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0626093EFDFFFD16FD3EFCD4"author="Day"box="[601,738,764,789]"pageId="51"pageNumber="52"refString="Day, J. H. (1977) A review of the Australian and New Zealand Orbiniidae (Annelida: Polychaeta). In: Reish, D. J. & Fauchald, K. (Eds.), Essays on Polychaetous Annelids in Memory of Dr. Olga Hartman, pp. 217 - 246. [Allan Hancock Foundation, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.]"type="book chapter"year="1977">Day (1977)</bibRefCitation>
determined that because Monro (1993a) had established
, that a new genus was required because the type species had an anterior row short hooks in the thoracic neuropodia in addition to capillaries and thus belonged to the genus
. In addition to the Australian material, he examined a specimen from near Christchurch, South Island, New Zealand, near the type locality of the species and thus confirmed the presence of thoracic neuropodial hooks in the species from both New Zealand and Australia. He therefore proposed a new genus,
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0626093EFD85FC13FCE3FBD0"author="Day"box="[547,831,1015,1040]"pageId="51"pageNumber="52"refString="Day, J. H. & Hutchings, P. A. (1979) An annotated check-list of Australian and New Zealand Polychaeta, Archiannelida and Myzostomida. Records of the Australian Museum, 32 (3), 80 - 161. http: // doi: 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1975.32.1979.203"type="journal article"year="1979">Day & Hutchings (1979)</bibRefCitation>
summarized the Australian and other records for the species.
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0626093EFF61FBD4FE24FB98"author="Hartmann-Schroder"box="[199,504,1087,1112]"pageId="51"pageNumber="52"refString="Hartmann-Schroder, G. (1981) Die Polychaeten der tropisch-subtropischen Westkuste Australiens (zwischen Exmouth im Norden und Cervantes im Suden). Mitteilungen des Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museums und Instituts, 78, 19 - 96, 170 figures."type="book chapter"year="1981">Hartmann-Schröder (1981)</bibRefCitation>
as part of a series of papers on Australian polychaetes provided the first detailed description of the thoracic neurosetae of
). The thoracic neurosetae included both capillaries and uncini. The latter were arranged in a horseshoe-shaped double row with the anterior row extending from the top of the fascicle vertically, and then curving under and extending part way up the posterior border of the setal fascicle becoming a short second row (
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0626093EFF38FB1FFDE6FACC"author="Hartmann-Schroder"box="[158,570,1268,1293]"pageId="51"pageNumber="52"refString="Hartmann-Schroder, G. (1981) Die Polychaeten der tropisch-subtropischen Westkuste Australiens (zwischen Exmouth im Norden und Cervantes im Suden). Mitteilungen des Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museums und Instituts, 78, 19 - 96, 170 figures."type="book chapter"year="1981">Hartmann-Schröder, 1981: Fig. 101</bibRefCitation>
). This is similar to what
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0626093EFCFAFB1EFBCDFACD"author="Hartman"box="[860,1041,1268,1293]"pageId="51"pageNumber="52"refString="Hartman, O. (1957) Orbiniidae, Apistobranchidae, Paraonidae and Longosomidae. Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, 15 (3), 211 - 393, plates 20 - 44, 1 chart."type="journal article"year="1957">Hartman (1957)</bibRefCitation>
called a J-shaped row. The uncini have thick shafts, narrowing to a blunt tip; a lateral sheath is present together with transverse ribs on the concave side of the shaft. The uncini on the anterior row have less distinct ribs on the shaft than the posterior uncini (
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0626093EFF38FAB4FDA3FAB8"author="Hartmann-Schroder"box="[158,639,1375,1400]"pageId="51"pageNumber="52"refString="Hartmann-Schroder, G. (1981) Die Polychaeten der tropisch-subtropischen Westkuste Australiens (zwischen Exmouth im Norden und Cervantes im Suden). Mitteilungen des Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museums und Instituts, 78, 19 - 96, 170 figures."type="book chapter"year="1981">Hartmann-Schröder, 1981: Figs. 104–105</bibRefCitation>
). As in previous reports, furcate setae were not observed. Hartmann-
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0626093EFF31FA6FFE91FA5C"author="Schroder"box="[151,333,1412,1437]"pageId="51"pageNumber="52"refString="Hartmann-Schroder, G. (1981) Die Polychaeten der tropisch-subtropischen Westkuste Australiens (zwischen Exmouth im Norden und Cervantes im Suden). Mitteilungen des Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museums und Instituts, 78, 19 - 96, 170 figures."type="book chapter"year="1981">Schröder (1981)</bibRefCitation>
also noted that flail setae were absent, branchiae were first present from setiger 18 with up to five branches, and observed abdominal neuropodia with two protruding aciculae (
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0626093EFC51FA4CFA51FA00"author="Hartmann-Schroder"box="[1015,1421,1447,1472]"pageId="51"pageNumber="52"refString="Hartmann-Schroder, G. (1981) Die Polychaeten der tropisch-subtropischen Westkuste Australiens (zwischen Exmouth im Norden und Cervantes im Suden). Mitteilungen des Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museums und Instituts, 78, 19 - 96, 170 figures."type="book chapter"year="1981">Hartmann-Schröder, 1981: Fig. 103</bibRefCitation>
These observations by six different investigators eventually provided details sufficient to categorize the species. Based on the definition provided in the present study, the orbiniid species “
<tableCitationid="4A0803700626093EFD4DF9FFFCE3F9EC"box="[747,831,1556,1581]"captionStart="TABLE 1"captionStartId="52.[119,194,580,599]"captionText="TABLE 1. Taxonomic Characters for 29 Species of Leodamas."pageId="51"pageNumber="52">Table 1</tableCitation>
is one of several species in the genus where a vertical anterior row of neuropodial thoracic uncini curves under other setae and continues again dorsally as a short posterior row.
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0626093EFD47F994FC4EF958"author="Kinberg"box="[737,914,1663,1688]"pageId="51"pageNumber="52"refString="Kinberg, J. (1866) Annulata nova. Ofversight af Kungliga Vetenskaps - Adakemiens Forhandlingar, Stockholm, 22, 239 - 258."type="journal article"year="1866">Kinberg (1866)</bibRefCitation>
is uncertain. The only specimen, an anterior fragment from
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0626093EFC60F94EFBAEF97C"author="Hartman"box="[966,1138,1700,1724]"pageId="51"pageNumber="52"refString="Hartman, O. (1948) The marine annelids erected by Kinberg with notes on some other types in the Swedish State Museum. Arkiv fur Zoologi, 42 A (1), 1 - 137, 18 plates."type="book chapter"year="1948">Hartman (1948</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0626093EFBD8F94FFB66F97D"author="Hartman"box="[1150,1210,1700,1725]"pageId="51"pageNumber="52"refString="Hartman, O. (1957) Orbiniidae, Apistobranchidae, Paraonidae and Longosomidae. Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, 15 (3), 211 - 393, plates 20 - 44, 1 chart."type="journal article"year="1957">1957</bibRefCitation>
). The specimen was reported as having a conical prostomium, branchiae from setiger 5, only capillaries in both noto- and neuropodia of setiger 1, and with uncini in palisaded rows from setiger 2. Uncini were illustrated by
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0626093EFBD4F906FAF4F8C5"author="Hartman"box="[1138,1320,1772,1797]"pageId="51"pageNumber="52"refString="Hartman, O. (1957) Orbiniidae, Apistobranchidae, Paraonidae and Longosomidae. Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, 15 (3), 211 - 393, plates 20 - 44, 1 chart."type="journal article"year="1957">Hartman (1957)</bibRefCitation>
as curved with a blunt tip and with transverse rows of ribs on the convex side of the shaft. Due to the fragmented nature of the
is redescribed from new material off Argentina and a neotype is designated. Type specimens of five of Ehlers’ species have been examined and redefined, resulting in one being designated a synonym and another being resurrected from synonymy.
<emphasisid="35FEEAD906210939FFD1FDB5F8D8FDB1"bold="true"box="[119,1796,606,625]"pageId="52"pageNumber="53">Species/Character Shape of thorax in X- No. thoracic setigerous No. rows of thoracic Capillaries with Structure of thoracic neuropodial</emphasis>
vertical rows with first Few in dorsal tuft Uncini curved with rounded tip and Eibye–
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A06210939FF1BFC8AFE99FCB4"author="Jacobsen"box="[189,325,865,884]"pageId="52"pageNumber="53"refString="Eibye-Jacobsen, D. (2002) The Orbiniidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) of the BIOSHELF Project, Andaman Sea, Thailand. Phuket Marine Biological Center, Special Publication, 24, 77 - 99."type="journal article"year="2002">Jacobsen, 2002</bibRefCitation>
) or flattened from setiger 4 curving under 2–-3 and shaft with 5–12 transverse ridges
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A06210939FFDBFC46FF2FFC00"author="Fauvel"box="[125,243,941,960]"pageId="52"pageNumber="53"refString="Fauvel, P. (1902) Annelides polychetes de la Casamance rapportees par M. Aug. Chevalier. Bulletin de la Societe linneenne de Normandie, ser. 5, 5, 59 - 105."type="journal article"year="1902">Fauvel, 1902</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A06210939FFDBFC12FF33FBCC"author="Ehlers"box="[125,239,1017,1036]"pageId="52"pageNumber="53"refString="Ehlers, E. (1900) Magellanische Anneliden gesammelt wahrend der schwedischen Expedition nach den Magellanslander. Nachrichten von der Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Gottingen, Mathematisch-Physikalische Klasse, 1900, 206 - 223."type="journal article"year="1900">Ehlers, 1900</bibRefCitation>
) flattened dorsally posterior row curving ventral to shaft, blunt tip and weak transverse rows 1–3 ribs; transitioning to uncini with curved expanded tips with subapical notch and prominent ribs on shaft
long vertical rows & 1 short Absent Long, tapering; blunt-tipped with long) posterior row curving under vertical notch on concave side; weakly rows 1–3 developed transverses ribs on shaft
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A06210939FFDBFB2FFF07FB17"author="Day"box="[125,219,1220,1239]"pageId="52"pageNumber="53"refString="Day, J. H. (1977) A review of the Australian and New Zealand Orbiniidae (Annelida: Polychaeta). In: Reish, D. J. & Fauchald, K. (Eds.), Essays on Polychaetous Annelids in Memory of Dr. Olga Hartman, pp. 217 - 246. [Allan Hancock Foundation, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.]"type="book chapter"year="1977">Day, 1977</bibRefCitation>
) not stated. single posterior row and transverse rows of ribs on convex
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A06210939FFDBFAFBFF28FAE3"author="Tebble"box="[125,244,1296,1315]"pageId="52"pageNumber="53"refString="Tebble, N. (1955) Polychaeta of the Gold Coast. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History, 3 (2), 59 - 148."type="journal article"year="1955">Tebble, 1955</bibRefCitation>
) uncini with transverse ribs; Thai and
</paragraph>
<paragraphid="073536CB06210939FA61FAC1F8C6FA97"blockId="52.[119,1831,992,1596]"pageId="52"pageNumber="53">Australian specimens with thickened hood, imparting bidentate appearance.</paragraph>
: 3–4 anterior heavy, simple) spines; 2–3 vertical rows of posterior row of uncini spines; second curved spines with numerous hooded uncini; first hooded tip and transverse rows of ribs row curves under rows 2–3. on shaft
<emphasisid="35FEEAD906210939F9B4F9C2F8FBF9FC"box="[1554,1831,1577,1596]"italics="true"pageId="52"pageNumber="53">……continued on the next page</emphasis>
<emphasisid="35FEEAD906200938FFDBFDADF8D6FD99"bold="true"box="[125,1802,582,601]"pageId="53"pageNumber="54">Species/Character Shape of thorax in X- No. thoracic setigerous No. rows of thoracic Capillaries with Structure of thoracic neuropodial</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameid="C08A4D4806200938FFDBFD78FDCBFD66"authority="Dean & Dorsoventrally"authorityName="Dean & Dorsoventrally"box="[125,535,659,678]"class="Polychaeta"family="Orbiniidae"genus="Leodamas"kingdom="Animalia"pageId="53"pageNumber="54"phylum="Annelida"rank="species"species="hamatus">
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A06200938FFDBFD47FF3BFD7F"author="Blake"box="[125,231,684,703]"pageId="53"pageNumber="54"refString="Dean, H. K. & Blake, J. A. (2015) The Orbiniidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) of Pacific Costa Rica. Zootaxa, 3956, 183 - 198. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3956.2.2"type="journal article"year="2015">Blake, 2015</bibRefCitation>
but not flattened. row dorsal tuft straight shaft, blunt tip and thin hood on convex side; uncini of following setigers with larger thickened hood, imparting bidentate appearance
vertical rows; first row 2–3 capillaries in Shaft curved to straight, tapering to then depressed but not curving ventral to 2 and 3, then superior position to last rounded apex; shaft with irregular flattened merging with posterior row row of uncini transverse ribs
vertical rows Few in posterior row Shaft curving at tip; weakly serrated,
</paragraph>
<paragraphid="073536CB06200938FFDBFC9CF9B1FC4A"blockId="53.[125,1814,555,906]"box="[125,1645,887,906]"pageId="53"pageNumber="54">1934) ventrally with lateral flange</paragraph>
flattened ~20 Not stated, but “setae arranged Present Elongate, curved to narrow tip, shaft
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A06200938FF25FC28FEF8FC16"author="Chamberlin"box="[131,292,963,982]"pageId="53"pageNumber="54"refString="Chamberlin, R. V. (1919) The Annelida Polychaeta. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard, 48, 1 - 514, plates 1 - 80."type="journal article"year="1919">Chamberlin, 1919</bibRefCitation>
) in vertical series.” with numerous transverse rows.
vertical rows & 1 short 0–few in tuft superior to Blunt-tipped with sub-terminal groove
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A06200938FF25FBFBFF29FBE3"author="Ehlers"box="[131,245,1040,1059]"pageId="53"pageNumber="54"refString="Ehlers, E. (1897) Polychaeta. In, Hamburger Magalhaenischen Sammelreise, 148 pp. [9 plates, Friedrichsen & Co., Hamburg.]"type="book"year="1897">Ehlers, 1897</bibRefCitation>
) after first 3 setigers transverse row curving ventral 3 vertical rows of uncini or notch & low transverse crenulated
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A06200938FF25FB26FED5FB20"author="Gallardo"box="[131,265,1229,1248]"pageId="53"pageNumber="54"refString="Gallardo, V. A. (1967) Polychaeta from the Bay of Nha Trang, South Viet Nam. Naga Report, 4 (3), 35 - 279."type="journal article"year="1967">Gallardo, 1967</bibRefCitation>
flattened arrangement not stated. camerated setae mixed flange and transverse rows of ribs
</paragraph>
<paragraphid="073536CB06200938FB7CFAD8F9F2FA86"blockId="53.[125,1837,1199,1630]"box="[1242,1582,1331,1350]"pageId="53"pageNumber="54">with uncini along shaft</paragraph>
curved rows of large uncini. A row posterior to Thick, curved apically, with blunt tip
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A06200938FF25FA59FEC6FA05"author="Amoureux"box="[131,282,1458,1477]"pageId="53"pageNumber="54"refString="Amoureux, L. (1982) Annelides Polychetes recueillies sur la pente continentale de la Bretagne a l'Irlande, campagne 1973 de la " Thalassa " (suite et fin) avec la description de quatre especes nouvelles pour la science. II. Inventaire taxonomique annote de toutes les polychees sedentaires. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 23, 179 - 214."type="journal article"year="1982">Amoureux, 1982</bibRefCitation>
dense vertical rows of Crenulated capillaries in Bent in posterior direction; tip with 2
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A06200938FF25FA15FF29F9D1"author="Ehlers"box="[131,245,1534,1553]"pageId="53"pageNumber="54"refString="Ehlers, E. (1897) Polychaeta. In, Hamburger Magalhaenischen Sammelreise, 148 pp. [9 plates, Friedrichsen & Co., Hamburg.]"type="book"year="1897">Ehlers, 1897</bibRefCitation>
) uncini; first row curves under 2 rows posterior to pointed teeth followed by long groove rest of uncini, merging with uncini on convex side flanked by lateral; shaft short posterior row with rows of low transverse ribs.
<emphasisid="35FEEAD906200938F9BEF9A0F8F1F99E"box="[1560,1837,1611,1630]"italics="true"pageId="53"pageNumber="54">……continued on the next page</emphasis>
<emphasisid="35FEEAD90623093BFFD1FD61F8D8FD5D"bold="true"box="[119,1796,650,669]"pageId="54"pageNumber="55">Species/Character Shape of thorax in X- No. thoracic setigerous No. rows of thoracic Capillaries with Structure of thoracic neuropodial</emphasis>
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0623093BFFDBFCF2FEBAFCEC"author="Hartmann-Schroder"box="[125,358,793,812]"pageId="54"pageNumber="55"refString="Hartmann-Schroder, G. (1991) Zur Kenntnis des Eulitorals der australischen Kusten unter besonderer Berucksichtigung der Polychaeten und Ostracoden. Teil 16. Die Polychaeten der subtropisch-tropischen bis tropischen Ostkuste Australiens zwischen Maclean (New South Wales) und Gladstone (Queensland) sowie von Heron Island (Großes Barriere-Riff). Mitteilungen des Hamburgischen zoologischen Museum und Institut, 88, 17 - 71."type="journal article"year="1991">Hartmann-Schröder, 1991</bibRefCitation>
) posterior to last row of curved with 4–5 transverse rows of uncini denticles; uncini of posterior setigers straight with lateral sheath and no rows of denticles
, dorsoventrally 15 1 row, setigers 1–8; additional Present as dorsal tuft, Single row of uncini, curved, tapering
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0623093BFF28FC72FF2EFC6B"author="Luna"box="[142,242,920,940]"pageId="54"pageNumber="55"refString="Nonato, E. F. & Luna, J. A. C. (1970) Annelidos polichaetas do Nordeste do Brasil. I - Poliquetas bentonicos de costa de Alagoas e Sergipe. Boletim do Instituo Oceanografico de Sao Paulo, 19, 57 - 130."type="journal article"year="1970">Luna, 1970</bibRefCitation>
depressed anterior row of 2–3 large, middle and posterior to pointed tip; large anterior spines heavy spines setigers 7–15 thoracic setigers short, thick, tapering to narrow tip
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0623093BFFDBFC0FFF33FC37"author="Ehlers"box="[125,239,996,1015]"pageId="54"pageNumber="55"refString="Ehlers, E. (1904) Neuseelandische Anneliden. Abhhandlungen der koniglichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Gottingen, Mathematisch-Physikalische Klasse, Neue Folge 3, 1 - 80, plates 1 - 9."type="journal article"year="1904">Ehlers, 1904</bibRefCitation>
) 14 uncini curving ventrally capillaries in a vertical lateral sheath or hood; shaft with
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0623093BFF28FB17FEF4FACF"author="San"box="[142,296,1276,1295]"pageId="54"pageNumber="55"refString="Lopez, E., Cladera, P. & San Martin, G. (2003) Two new species of the genus Leodamas (Orbiniidae: Scolecida: Polychaeta) from the Pacific coast of Panama. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 83, 367 - 371."type="journal article"year="2003">
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0623093BFFD1FAC5FEAEFA81"author="Cladera"box="[119,370,1326,1345]"pageId="54"pageNumber="55"refString="Lopez, E., Cladera, P. & San Martin, G. (2003) Two new species of the genus Leodamas (Orbiniidae: Scolecida: Polychaeta) from the Pacific coast of Panama. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 83, 367 - 371."type="journal article"year="2003">
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0623093BFFD1FA90FF28FA4E"author="Holland"box="[119,244,1403,1422]"pageId="54"pageNumber="55"refString="Maciolek, N. J. & Holland, J. S. (1978) Scoloplos texana: a new orbiniid polychaete from South Texas, with notes on the related species Scoloplos treadwelli Eisig. Contributions in Marine Science, 21, 161 - 169, 6 figures."type="book chapter"year="1978">Holland, 1978</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0623093BFEB2FA7FFE93FA67"author="Taylor"box="[276,335,1428,1447]"pageId="54"pageNumber="55"refString="Taylor, J. L. (1984) Chapter 1, Family Orbiniidae Hartman, 1942. In: Uebelacker, J. M. & Johnson, P. G. (Eds.), Taxonomic Guide to the Polychaetes of the Northern Gulf of Mexico, 1, 1 - 1 to 1 - 38. [Barry A. Vittor & Associates.]"type="journal article"year="1984">Taylor</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0623093BFF52FA2CFE86FA1A"author="Eisig"box="[244,346,1479,1498]"pageId="54"pageNumber="55"refString="Eisig, H. (1914) Zur Systematik, Anatomie und Morphologie der Arciiden nebst Beitragen zur generallen Systematik. Mitteilungen aus der Zoologischen Station Neapel, 21, 153 - 600. [plates 10 - 27, 23 text figures.]"type="journal article"year="1914">Eisig, 1914</bibRefCitation>
setigers; thereafter 1 row without transverse ribs
<emphasisid="35FEEAD90623093BF9B4FA10F8FBF9CE"box="[1554,1831,1531,1550]"italics="true"pageId="54"pageNumber="55">……continued on the next page</emphasis>
<emphasisid="35FEEAD90622093AFFDBFDB1FA67FD47"bold="true"pageId="55"pageNumber="56">Species/Character Emergent abdominal Abdominal Noto- Setiger Unique characters Geographic References noto- & neuropodial & neuropodial Branchiae Distribution</emphasis>
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0622093AF9E7FD3AF912FD23"author="Hartman"box="[1601,1742,720,740]"pageId="55"pageNumber="56"refString="Hartman, O. (1948) The marine annelids erected by Kinberg with notes on some other types in the Swedish State Museum. Arkiv fur Zoologi, 42 A (1), 1 - 137, 18 plates."type="book chapter"year="1948"yearSuffix="b">Hartman 1948b</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0622093AF971FD3BF8DAFD23"author="Hartman"box="[1751,1798,720,739]"pageId="55"pageNumber="56"refString="Hartman, O. (1957) Orbiniidae, Apistobranchidae, Paraonidae and Longosomidae. Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, 15 (3), 211 - 393, plates 20 - 44, 1 chart."type="journal article"year="1957">1957</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0622093AF9E7FCDDF921FC89"author="Eibye-Jacobsen"box="[1601,1789,822,841]"pageId="55"pageNumber="56"refString="Eibye-Jacobsen, D. (2002) The Orbiniidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) of the BIOSHELF Project, Andaman Sea, Thailand. Phuket Marine Biological Center, Special Publication, 24, 77 - 99."type="journal article"year="2002">Eibye-Jacobsen 2002</bibRefCitation>
Eibye–
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0622093AFF65FCA4FE96FCA2"author="Jacobsen"box="[195,330,847,866]"pageId="55"pageNumber="56"refString="Eibye-Jacobsen, D. (2002) The Orbiniidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) of the BIOSHELF Project, Andaman Sea, Thailand. Phuket Marine Biological Center, Special Publication, 24, 77 - 99."type="journal article"year="2002">Jacobsen, 2002</bibRefCitation>
) emergent aciculae; setigers; thin emergent acicula in
</paragraph>
<paragraphid="073536CB0622093AFEDBFC82FB28FCBC"blockId="55.[125,1837,822,1629]"box="[381,1268,873,892]"pageId="55"pageNumber="56">Neuro: with 1 thin abdominal noto– and neuropodia</paragraph>
: absent; Not stated 6 Furcate setae absent West Africa; Red Sea,
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0622093AF9E7FC77F96CFC6F"author="Fauvel"box="[1601,1712,924,943]"pageId="55"pageNumber="56"refString="Fauvel, P. (1902) Annelides polychetes de la Casamance rapportees par M. Aug. Chevalier. Bulletin de la Societe linneenne de Normandie, ser. 5, 5, 59 - 105."type="journal article"year="1902">Fauvel 1902</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0622093AF91CFC77F935FC6F"author="Fauvel"box="[1722,1769,924,943]"pageId="55"pageNumber="56"refString="Fauvel, P. (1953) Annelida Polychaeta. The fauna of India, including Pakistan, Ceylon, Burma and Malaya, pp. i - xii, 1 - 507, 250 figures, Indian Press, Allahabad."type="book chapter"year="1953">1953</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0622093AFF25FC5EFF24FC08"author="Fauvel"box="[131,248,949,968]"pageId="55"pageNumber="56"refString="Fauvel, P. (1902) Annelides polychetes de la Casamance rapportees par M. Aug. Chevalier. Bulletin de la Societe linneenne de Normandie, ser. 5, 5, 59 - 105."type="journal article"year="1902">Fauvel, 1902</bibRefCitation>
) Neuro: 1 simple acicula Gulf of Aden, Arabian
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0622093AF9E7FC5EF964FC08"author="Gravier"box="[1601,1720,949,968]"pageId="55"pageNumber="56"refString="Gravier, C. (1906) Contribution a l'etude des annelides polychetes de la Mer Rouge. Nouvelles Archives du Museum, Paris, series 4, 8, 123 - 236, plates 1 - 8."type="journal article"year="1906">Gravier 1906</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0622093AF9E7FC25F97DFC21"author="Lund"box="[1601,1697,974,993]"pageId="55"pageNumber="56"refString="Wesenberg-Lund, E. (1949) Polychaetes of the Iranian Gulf. Danish Scientific Investigations in Iran, Part 4, 247 - 400."type="book chapter"year="1949">Lund 1949</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0622093AF9E7FC0CF971FC3A"author="Ehlers"box="[1601,1709,999,1018]"pageId="55"pageNumber="56"refString="Ehlers, E. (1900) Magellanische Anneliden gesammelt wahrend der schwedischen Expedition nach den Magellanslander. Nachrichten von der Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Gottingen, Mathematisch-Physikalische Klasse, 1900, 206 - 223."type="journal article"year="1900">Ehlers 1900</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0622093AF910FC0CF939FC3A"author="Ehlers"box="[1718,1765,999,1018]"pageId="55"pageNumber="56"refString="Ehlers, E. (1901) Die Polychaeten des magellanischen und chilenischen Strandes. Ein faunistischer Versuch. Festschrift zur Feier des Hundertfunfzigjahrigen Bestehens der koniglichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Gottingen. pp. 1 - 232, 25 plates."type="book chapter"year="1901">1901</bibRefCitation>
; This
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0622093AFF25FBEAFF29FBD4"author="Ehlers"box="[131,245,1025,1044]"pageId="55"pageNumber="56"refString="Ehlers, E. (1900) Magellanische Anneliden gesammelt wahrend der schwedischen Expedition nach den Magellanslander. Nachrichten von der Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Gottingen, Mathematisch-Physikalische Klasse, 1900, 206 - 223."type="journal article"year="1900">Ehlers, 1900</bibRefCitation>
) Neuro: 1–2 simple uncini from anterior spines with m;
<paragraphid="073536CB0622093AFC77FBDFFACFFB87"blockId="55.[125,1837,822,1629]"box="[977,1299,1076,1095]"pageId="55"pageNumber="56">transverse ribs to spines with curved</paragraph>
<paragraphid="073536CB0622093AFC77FBA6FAF0FBA0"blockId="55.[125,1837,822,1629]"box="[977,1324,1101,1120]"pageId="55"pageNumber="56">and expanded tips with subapical notch</paragraph>
<paragraphid="073536CB0622093AFC77FB8CFB18FBBA"blockId="55.[125,1837,822,1629]"box="[977,1220,1127,1146]"pageId="55"pageNumber="56">and prominent ribs on shaft</paragraph>
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0622093AF9E7FB6BF972FB53"author="Ehlers"box="[1601,1710,1152,1171]"pageId="55"pageNumber="56"refString="Ehlers, E. (1897) Polychaeta. In, Hamburger Magalhaenischen Sammelreise, 148 pp. [9 plates, Friedrichsen & Co., Hamburg.]"type="book"year="1897">Ehlers 1897</bibRefCitation>
; Hartman
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0622093AFF25FB72FF29FB6C"author="Ehlers"box="[131,245,1177,1196]"pageId="55"pageNumber="56"refString="Ehlers, E. (1897) Polychaeta. In, Hamburger Magalhaenischen Sammelreise, 148 pp. [9 plates, Friedrichsen & Co., Hamburg.]"type="book"year="1897">Ehlers, 1897</bibRefCitation>
) with a single acicular thoracic and anterior abdominal Islands; Straits of 1957; This study
</paragraph>
<paragraphid="073536CB0622093AFEDBFB58F9FFFB06"blockId="55.[125,1837,822,1629]"box="[381,1571,1203,1222]"pageId="55"pageNumber="56">spine with or without thin segments; no capillaries accompany Magellan; South Orkney</paragraph>
<locationid="025560100622093AFA02FAEBF9BAFAD3"LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8F2387DD063A0937FF31F864FD89FAB3:025560100622093AFA02FAEBF9BAFAD3"box="[1444,1638,1279,1299]"country="Australia"county="Wales"municipality="Neuro"name="New South Day"pageId="55"pageNumber="56">
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0622093AF9E7FAEBF9BAFAD3"author="Day"box="[1601,1638,1280,1299]"pageId="55"pageNumber="56"refString="Day, J. H. (1977) A review of the Australian and New Zealand Orbiniidae (Annelida: Polychaeta). In: Reish, D. J. & Fauchald, K. (Eds.), Essays on Polychaetous Annelids in Memory of Dr. Olga Hartman, pp. 217 - 246. [Allan Hancock Foundation, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.]"type="book chapter"year="1977">Day</bibRefCitation>
</location>
</location>
1977
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0622093AFF25FAF3FF3DFAEB"author="Day"box="[131,225,1304,1323]"pageId="55"pageNumber="56"refString="Day, J. H. (1977) A review of the Australian and New Zealand Orbiniidae (Annelida: Polychaeta). In: Reish, D. J. & Fauchald, K. (Eds.), Essays on Polychaetous Annelids in Memory of Dr. Olga Hartman, pp. 217 - 246. [Allan Hancock Foundation, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.]"type="book chapter"year="1977">
<paragraphid="073536CB0622093AFEDBFAD9FB04FA85"blockId="55.[125,1837,822,1629]"box="[381,1240,1330,1350]"pageId="55"pageNumber="56">with smooth bent tip. abdominal segments; thoracic</paragraph>
<paragraphid="073536CB0622093AFC77FAA0FB21FA9E"blockId="55.[125,1837,822,1629]"box="[977,1277,1355,1375]"pageId="55"pageNumber="56">neuropodia with a single postsetal</paragraph>
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0622093AF9E7FA95F96FFA51"author="Tebble"box="[1601,1715,1406,1425]"pageId="55"pageNumber="56"refString="Tebble, N. (1955) Polychaeta of the Gold Coast. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History, 3 (2), 59 - 148."type="journal article"year="1955">Tebble 1955</bibRefCitation>
; Eibye-
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0622093AFF25FA7CFF25FA6A"author="Tebble"box="[131,249,1431,1450]"pageId="55"pageNumber="56"refString="Tebble, N. (1955) Polychaeta of the Gold Coast. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History, 3 (2), 59 - 148."type="journal article"year="1955">Tebble, 1955</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0622093AF9E7FA7CF919FA6A"author="Jacobsen"box="[1601,1733,1431,1450]"pageId="55"pageNumber="56"refString="Eibye-Jacobsen, D. (2002) The Orbiniidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) of the BIOSHELF Project, Andaman Sea, Thailand. Phuket Marine Biological Center, Special Publication, 24, 77 - 99."type="journal article"year="2002">Jacobsen 2002</bibRefCitation>
: a single acicula, Absent 7 3–4 subpodial lobes on posterior South Australia in sand;
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0622093AF9E7FA20F91EFA1D"author="Hartman"box="[1601,1730,1482,1502]"pageId="55"pageNumber="56"refString="Hartman, O. (1957) Orbiniidae, Apistobranchidae, Paraonidae and Longosomidae. Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, 15 (3), 211 - 393, plates 20 - 44, 1 chart."type="journal article"year="1957">Hartman 1957</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0622093AF96AFA20F8FDFA1D"author="Day"box="[1740,1825,1482,1502]"pageId="55"pageNumber="56"refString="Day, J. H. (1977) A review of the Australian and New Zealand Orbiniidae (Annelida: Polychaeta). In: Reish, D. J. & Fauchald, K. (Eds.), Essays on Polychaetous Annelids in Memory of Dr. Olga Hartman, pp. 217 - 246. [Allan Hancock Foundation, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.]"type="book chapter"year="1977">Day 1977</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A0622093AFF25FA08FED5FA36"author="Hartman"box="[131,265,1507,1526]"pageId="55"pageNumber="56"refString="Hartman, O. (1957) Orbiniidae, Apistobranchidae, Paraonidae and Longosomidae. Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, 15 (3), 211 - 393, plates 20 - 44, 1 chart."type="journal article"year="1957">Hartman, 1957</bibRefCitation>
) slightly projecting; thoracic and anterior abdominal intertidal
</paragraph>
<paragraphid="073536CB0622093AFEDBFA15FAC9F9D0"blockId="55.[125,1837,822,1629]"box="[381,1301,1533,1553]"pageId="55"pageNumber="56">Neuro: single aciculum setigers; these decreasing over about</paragraph>
<paragraphid="073536CB0622093AFEDBF9DBFB95F983"blockId="55.[125,1837,822,1629]"box="[381,1097,1584,1603]"pageId="55"pageNumber="56">curved to blunt tip. disappearing.</paragraph>
<emphasisid="35FEEAD90622093AF9BEF9A1F8F1F99D"box="[1560,1837,1610,1629]"italics="true"pageId="55"pageNumber="56">……continued on the next page</emphasis>
<emphasisid="35FEEAD9062D0935FFD1FD82FCAAFD6E"bold="true"pageId="56"pageNumber="57">Species/Character Emergent abdominal Abdominal Noto- Setiger Unique characters Geographic References noto- & neuropodial & neuropodial Branchiae Distribution aciculae flail setae Begin</emphasis>
(Pillai, Noto: absent; Absent 6 Presence of two kinds of thoracic Ceylon; Viet Nam,
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A062D0935F99DFD5EF943FD08"author="Pillai"box="[1595,1695,693,712]"pageId="56"pageNumber="57"refString="Pillai, T. G. (1961) Annelida Polychaeta of Tambalagam Lake, Ceylon. Ceylon Journal of Science, (Biological Science), 4 (1), 1 - 40."type="journal article"year="1961">Pillai 1961</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A062D0935F99DFD03F92BFD3B"author="Eibye-Jacobsen"box="[1595,1783,744,763]"pageId="56"pageNumber="57"refString="Eibye-Jacobsen, D. (2002) The Orbiniidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) of the BIOSHELF Project, Andaman Sea, Thailand. Phuket Marine Biological Center, Special Publication, 24, 77 - 99."type="journal article"year="2002">Eibye-Jacobsen 2002</bibRefCitation>
to heavy spines of uncini in 2–3 vertical rows with
</paragraph>
<paragraphid="073536CB062D0935FED1FCF0FAC0FCEE"blockId="56.[119,1831,577,1603]"box="[375,1308,795,815]"pageId="56"pageNumber="57">thoracic neuropodia hooded tip and transverse rows of ribs</paragraph>
: absent; Absent 6 Heavy, curved uncini in abdominal Off Pacific Costa Rica,
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A062D0935F99DFCA5F937FCA1"author="Dean"box="[1595,1771,846,865]"pageId="56"pageNumber="57"refString="Dean, H. K. & Blake, J. A. (2015) The Orbiniidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) of Pacific Costa Rica. Zootaxa, 3956, 183 - 198. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3956.2.2"type="journal article"year="2015">Dean & Blake 2015</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A062D0935FF28FC8CFF24FCBA"author="Blake"box="[142,248,871,890]"pageId="56"pageNumber="57"refString="Dean, H. K. & Blake, J. A. (2015) The Orbiniidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) of Pacific Costa Rica. Zootaxa, 3956, 183 - 198. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3956.2.2"type="journal article"year="2015">Blake, 2015</bibRefCitation>
Neuro: large, projecting neuropodia; change in structure of
<paragraphid="073536CB062D0935FED1FC6AFB32FC54"blockId="56.[119,1831,577,1603]"box="[375,1262,897,916]"pageId="56"pageNumber="57">acicula with hooked tip. thoracic neuropodial uncini from</paragraph>
<paragraphid="073536CB062D0935FC6DFC71FB0BFC6D"blockId="56.[119,1831,577,1603]"box="[971,1239,922,942]"pageId="56"pageNumber="57">anterior to posterior of thorax.</paragraph>
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A062D0935F99DFBEBF948FBD2"author="Day"box="[1595,1684,1023,1043]"pageId="56"pageNumber="57"refString="Day, J. H. (1934) On a collection of South African Polychaeta, with a catalogue of the species recorded from South Africa, Angola, Mosambique, and Madagascar. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, 39 (263), 15 - 82."type="journal article"year="1934">Day 1934</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A062D0935F93BFC14F917FBD2"author="Day"box="[1693,1739,1023,1042]"pageId="56"pageNumber="57"refString="Day, J. H. (1967) A monograph on the Polychaeta of Southern Africa. Pt. 2. Sedentaria. Publication 656, xvii + pp. 459 - 878. [figures 18.1 - 38.7. British Museum of Natural History, London.]"type="journal article"year="1967">1967</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A062D0935F972FC14F8DFFBD2"author="Day"box="[1748,1795,1023,1042]"pageId="56"pageNumber="57"refString="Day, J. H. (1977) A review of the Australian and New Zealand Orbiniidae (Annelida: Polychaeta). In: Reish, D. J. & Fauchald, K. (Eds.), Essays on Polychaetous Annelids in Memory of Dr. Olga Hartman, pp. 217 - 246. [Allan Hancock Foundation, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.]"type="book chapter"year="1977">1977</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A062D0935FFDBFBF2FF07FBEC"author="Day"box="[125,219,1049,1068]"pageId="56"pageNumber="57"refString="Day, J. H. (1934) On a collection of South African Polychaeta, with a catalogue of the species recorded from South Africa, Angola, Mosambique, and Madagascar. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, 39 (263), 15 - 82."type="journal article"year="1934">Day, 1934</bibRefCitation>
) Neuro: 1 acicula, curved Neuro: 3–4 subpodial lobes in last thoracic Mozambique;
<collectionCodeid="619BAE0E062D0935FA30FBA7FA15FB9F"box="[1430,1481,1100,1119]"country="Australia"httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15627"name="Royal Botanic Gardens, National Herbarium of New South Wales"pageId="56"pageNumber="57">NSW</collectionCode>
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A062D0935F99DFB8EF904FBB8"author="Chamberlin"box="[1595,1752,1125,1144]"pageId="56"pageNumber="57"refString="Chamberlin, R. V. (1919) The Annelida Polychaeta. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard, 48, 1 - 514, plates 1 - 80."type="journal article"year="1919">Chamberlin 1919</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A062D0935FFDBFB95FEC3FB51"author="Chamberlin"box="[125,287,1150,1169]"pageId="56"pageNumber="57"refString="Chamberlin, R. V. (1919) The Annelida Polychaeta. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard, 48, 1 - 514, plates 1 - 80."type="journal article"year="1919">
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A062D0935FEDBFB73FE31FB6B"author="Fauvel"box="[381,493,1176,1195]"pageId="56"pageNumber="57"refString="Fauvel, P. (1932) Annelida Polychaeta of the Indian Museum, Calcutta. Memoirs of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, 12, 1 - 262, 9 plates, 4 text figures."type="book chapter"year="1932">Fauvel 1932</bibRefCitation>
) Chamberlin arranged branches through middle
</paragraph>
<paragraphid="073536CB062D0935FC6DFB5AFB26FB04"blockId="56.[119,1831,577,1603]"box="[971,1274,1201,1221]"pageId="56"pageNumber="57">abdominal segments; then number</paragraph>
<paragraphid="073536CB062D0935FC6DFB20FB16FB1E"blockId="56.[119,1831,577,1603]"box="[971,1226,1227,1246]"pageId="56"pageNumber="57">decreasing again in posterior</paragraph>
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A062D0935F99DFB16F974FAD0"author="Ehlers"box="[1595,1704,1277,1296]"pageId="56"pageNumber="57"refString="Ehlers, E. (1897) Polychaeta. In, Hamburger Magalhaenischen Sammelreise, 148 pp. [9 plates, Friedrichsen & Co., Hamburg.]"type="book"year="1897">Ehlers 1897</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A062D0935FFDBFAFCFF33FAEA"author="Ehlers"box="[125,239,1303,1322]"pageId="56"pageNumber="57"refString="Ehlers, E. (1897) Polychaeta. In, Hamburger Magalhaenischen Sammelreise, 148 pp. [9 plates, Friedrichsen & Co., Hamburg.]"type="book"year="1897">Ehlers, 1897</bibRefCitation>
) Neuro: 1 projecting America; widespread in
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A062D0935F99DFAF3F960FAEA"author="Hartman"box="[1595,1724,1303,1323]"pageId="56"pageNumber="57"refString="Hartman, O. (1957) Orbiniidae, Apistobranchidae, Paraonidae and Longosomidae. Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, 15 (3), 211 - 393, plates 20 - 44, 1 chart."type="journal article"year="1957">Hartman 1957</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A062D0935F963FAFCF928FAEA"author="Hartman"box="[1733,1780,1303,1322]"pageId="56"pageNumber="57"refString="Hartman, O. (1966) Polychaeta Myzostomidae and Sedentaria of Antarctica. Antarctic Research Series, 7, 1 - 158, 46 plates, 5 charts. American Geophysical Union, Washington, D. C."type="book chapter"year="1966">1966</bibRefCitation>
; acicula, distally curved sub-Antarctic and
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A062D0935F99DFADAF97DFA83"author="Knox"box="[1595,1697,1328,1348]"pageId="56"pageNumber="57"refString="Knox, G. A. (1998) The Marine Fauna of the Ross Sea: Polychaeta. NIWA Biodiversity Memoir, No. 108, 1 - 125."type="book chapter"year="1998">Knox 1998</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A062D0935F99DFA97F961FA4F"author="Gallardo"box="[1595,1725,1404,1423]"pageId="56"pageNumber="57"refString="Gallardo, V. A. (1967) Polychaeta from the Bay of Nha Trang, South Viet Nam. Naga Report, 4 (3), 35 - 279."type="journal article"year="1967">Gallardo 1967</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A062D0935FFDBFA7DFED8FA69"author="Gallardo"box="[125,260,1430,1449]"pageId="56"pageNumber="57"refString="Gallardo, V. A. (1967) Polychaeta from the Bay of Nha Trang, South Viet Nam. Naga Report, 4 (3), 35 - 279."type="journal article"year="1967">Gallardo, 1967</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A062D0935F99DFA7DF961FA69"author="Jacobsen"box="[1595,1725,1430,1449]"pageId="56"pageNumber="57"refString="Eibye-Jacobsen, D. (2002) The Orbiniidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) of the BIOSHELF Project, Andaman Sea, Thailand. Phuket Marine Biological Center, Special Publication, 24, 77 - 99."type="journal article"year="2002">Jacobsen 2002</bibRefCitation>
Neuro: tip of acicula middle thoracic segments; becoming
</paragraph>
<paragraphid="073536CB062D0935FED1FA17FAD4F9CE"blockId="56.[119,1831,577,1603]"box="[375,1288,1531,1551]"pageId="56"pageNumber="57">emergent palmately branched with 2, 3, and 4</paragraph>
<paragraphid="073536CB062D0935FC6DF9FEFB37F9E8"blockId="56.[119,1831,577,1603]"box="[971,1259,1557,1576]"pageId="56"pageNumber="57">branches in abdominal segments</paragraph>
<emphasisid="35FEEAD9062D0935F9B4F9DBF8FBF982"box="[1554,1831,1584,1603]"italics="true"pageId="56"pageNumber="57">……continued on the next page</emphasis>
<emphasisid="35FEEAD9062C0934FFDBFD86FCA0FD72"bold="true"pageId="57"pageNumber="58">Species/Character Emergent abdominal Abdominal Noto- Setiger Unique characters Geographic References noto- & neuropodial & neuropodial Branchiae Distribution aciculae flail setae Begin</emphasis>
: absent; Absent 6 Furcate setae with nearly equal tynes; E and SE
<collectingCountryid="7F9D765B062C0934FA06FD51F9C5FD0D"box="[1440,1561,698,717]"name="United States of America"pageId="57"pageNumber="58">United States</collectingCountry>
;
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A062C0934F9E7FD51F91CFD0D"author="Webster"box="[1601,1728,698,717]"pageId="57"pageNumber="58"refString="Webster, H. E. (1879) On the Annelida Chaetopoda of the Virginian coast. Transactions of the Albany Institute, 9, 202 - 269, 11 plates."type="book chapter"year="1879">Webster 1879</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A062C0934FF25FD38FED9FD26"author="Webster"box="[131,261,723,742]"pageId="57"pageNumber="58"refString="Webster, H. E. (1879) On the Annelida Chaetopoda of the Virginian coast. Transactions of the Albany Institute, 9, 202 - 269, 11 plates."type="book chapter"year="1879">Webster, 1879</bibRefCitation>
) Neuro: 1 heavy spine Last thoracic and anterior abdominal Gulf of Mexico; 1951, 1957;
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A062C0934F916FD38F8C0FD26"author="Taylor"box="[1712,1820,723,742]"pageId="57"pageNumber="58"refString="Taylor, J. L. (1984) Chapter 1, Family Orbiniidae Hartman, 1942. In: Uebelacker, J. M. & Johnson, P. G. (Eds.), Taxonomic Guide to the Polychaetes of the Northern Gulf of Mexico, 1, 1 - 1 to 1 - 38. [Barry A. Vittor & Associates.]"type="journal article"year="1984">Taylor 1984</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A062C0934F9E7FCF4F90CFCF2"author="Amoureux"box="[1601,1744,799,818]"pageId="57"pageNumber="58"refString="Amoureux, L. (1982) Annelides Polychetes recueillies sur la pente continentale de la Bretagne a l'Irlande, campagne 1973 de la " Thalassa " (suite et fin) avec la description de quatre especes nouvelles pour la science. II. Inventaire taxonomique annote de toutes les polychees sedentaires. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 23, 179 - 214."type="journal article"year="1982">Amoureux 1982</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A062C0934FF25FCD3FEC6FC8B"author="Amoureux"box="[131,282,824,843]"pageId="57"pageNumber="58"refString="Amoureux, L. (1982) Annelides Polychetes recueillies sur la pente continentale de la Bretagne a l'Irlande, campagne 1973 de la " Thalassa " (suite et fin) avec la description de quatre especes nouvelles pour la science. II. Inventaire taxonomique annote de toutes les polychees sedentaires. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 23, 179 - 214."type="journal article"year="1982">Amoureux, 1982</bibRefCitation>
) Neuro: 1 present, pointed neuropodia; relatively few thoracic coast of
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A062C0934F9E7FC80F972FCBE"author="Ehlers"box="[1601,1710,875,894]"pageId="57"pageNumber="58"refString="Ehlers, E. (1897) Polychaeta. In, Hamburger Magalhaenischen Sammelreise, 148 pp. [9 plates, Friedrichsen & Co., Hamburg.]"type="book"year="1897">Ehlers 1897</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A062C0934FF25FC6EFF29FC58"author="Ehlers"box="[131,245,901,920]"pageId="57"pageNumber="58"refString="Ehlers, E. (1897) Polychaeta. In, Hamburger Magalhaenischen Sammelreise, 148 pp. [9 plates, Friedrichsen & Co., Hamburg.]"type="book"year="1897">Ehlers, 1897</bibRefCitation>
) Neuro: 1–2 aciculae with curved posteriorly and with dorsal Patagonia;
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A062C0934F983FC10F8D3FBCE"author="Hartmann-Schroder"box="[1573,1807,1019,1038]"pageId="57"pageNumber="58"refString="Hartmann-Schroder, G. (1991) Zur Kenntnis des Eulitorals der australischen Kusten unter besonderer Berucksichtigung der Polychaeten und Ostracoden. Teil 16. Die Polychaeten der subtropisch-tropischen bis tropischen Ostkuste Australiens zwischen Maclean (New South Wales) und Gladstone (Queensland) sowie von Heron Island (Großes Barriere-Riff). Mitteilungen des Hamburgischen zoologischen Museum und Institut, 88, 17 - 71."type="journal article"year="1991">Hartmann-Schröder, 1991</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A062C0934F983FBFEF97BFBE8"author="Zhadan"box="[1573,1703,1045,1064]"pageId="57"pageNumber="58"refString="Zhadan, A., Stupnikova, A. & Neretina, T. (2015) Orbiniidae (Annelida: Errantia) from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia with notes on orbiniid phylogeny. Zootaxa, 4019 (1), 773 - 801. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4019.1.27"type="journal article"year="2015">Zhadan (2015)</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraphid="073536CB062C0934FFDBFBC5FAACFB81"blockId="57.[125,1837,581,1624]"box="[125,1392,1070,1090]"pageId="57"pageNumber="58">1991) spines, with tips thorax spines with transverse ribs to straight Qld,</paragraph>
<paragraphid="073536CB062C0934FEDBFBA3FAC2FB9B"blockId="57.[125,1837,581,1624]"box="[381,1310,1096,1115]"pageId="57"pageNumber="58">emergent spines with lateral sheath and no ribs.</paragraph>
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A062C0934F983FB89F93DFBB4"author="Nonato"box="[1573,1761,1121,1141]"pageId="57"pageNumber="58"refString="Nonato, E. F. & Luna, J. A. C. (1970) Annelidos polichaetas do Nordeste do Brasil. I - Poliquetas bentonicos de costa de Alagoas e Sergipe. Boletim do Instituo Oceanografico de Sao Paulo, 19, 57 - 130."type="journal article"year="1970">Nonato & Luna 1970</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A062C0934FFDBFB90FEE2FB4D"author="Nonato"box="[125,318,1146,1166]"pageId="57"pageNumber="58"refString="Nonato, E. F. & Luna, J. A. C. (1970) Annelidos polichaetas do Nordeste do Brasil. I - Poliquetas bentonicos de costa de Alagoas e Sergipe. Boletim do Instituo Oceanografico de Sao Paulo, 19, 57 - 130."type="journal article"year="1970">Nonato & Luna, 1970</bibRefCitation>
Neuro: not emergent abdominal large bent, pointed, acicular spines
</paragraph>
<paragraphid="073536CB062C0934FC77FB7FFAF6FB67"blockId="57.[125,1837,581,1624]"box="[977,1322,1172,1192]"pageId="57"pageNumber="58">anterior to single row of pointed uncini</paragraph>
: imbedded; Neuro: Absent 18, Dendrically branched branchiae with New Zealand;
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A062C0934F983FB46F94EFB00"author="Ehlers"box="[1573,1682,1197,1216]"pageId="57"pageNumber="58"refString="Ehlers, E. (1904) Neuseelandische Anneliden. Abhhandlungen der koniglichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Gottingen, Mathematisch-Physikalische Klasse, Neue Folge 3, 1 - 80, plates 1 - 9."type="journal article"year="1904">Ehlers 1904</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A062C0934F93DFB46F8C7FB00"author="Augener"box="[1691,1819,1197,1216]"pageId="57"pageNumber="58"refString="Augener, H. (1914) Die Fauna Sudwest-Australiens. Polychaeta Sedentaria. Herausgegeben von Michaelsen und Hartmeyer, Jena, 5, 1 - 170, 1 plate."type="book chapter"year="1914">Augener 1914</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A062C0934FF25FB2DFF29FB19"author="Ehlers"box="[131,245,1222,1241]"pageId="57"pageNumber="58"refString="Ehlers, E. (1904) Neuseelandische Anneliden. Abhhandlungen der koniglichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Gottingen, Mathematisch-Physikalische Klasse, Neue Folge 3, 1 - 80, plates 1 - 9."type="journal article"year="1904">Ehlers, 1904</bibRefCitation>
) long, sharply curved on abdominal up to 6 filaments. Thoracic
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A062C0934F983FB2CF97BFB19"author="Hartman"box="[1573,1703,1222,1242]"pageId="57"pageNumber="58"refString="Hartman, O. (1957) Orbiniidae, Apistobranchidae, Paraonidae and Longosomidae. Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, 15 (3), 211 - 393, plates 20 - 44, 1 chart."type="journal article"year="1957">Hartman 1957</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A062C0934F916FB2CF8D5FB19"author="Day"box="[1712,1801,1222,1242]"pageId="57"pageNumber="58"refString="Day, J. H. (1977) A review of the Australian and New Zealand Orbiniidae (Annelida: Polychaeta). In: Reish, D. J. & Fauchald, K. (Eds.), Essays on Polychaetous Annelids in Memory of Dr. Olga Hartman, pp. 217 - 246. [Allan Hancock Foundation, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.]"type="book chapter"year="1977">Day 1977</bibRefCitation>
; tip neuropodial uncini in a single anterior
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A062C0934F983FB0BF8DAFB33"author="Hartmann-Schroder"box="[1573,1798,1248,1267]"pageId="57"pageNumber="58"refString="Hartmann-Schroder, G. (1981) Die Polychaeten der tropisch-subtropischen Westkuste Australiens (zwischen Exmouth im Norden und Cervantes im Suden). Mitteilungen des Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museums und Instituts, 78, 19 - 96, 170 figures."type="book chapter"year="1981">Hartmann-Schröder 1981</bibRefCitation>
This paper Neuro: single thin Neuro: Present, with abdominal neuropodial flail setae
</paragraph>
<paragraphid="073536CB062C0934FEDBFAB4FD2DFAB2"blockId="57.[125,1837,581,1624]"box="[381,753,1375,1394]"pageId="57"pageNumber="58">straight acicula with tapering</paragraph>
: not emergent; Absent 22, thoracic Large number of thoracic setigers (24– SE Africa,
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A062C0934F983FA79F94AFA65"author="Fauvel"box="[1573,1686,1426,1445]"pageId="57"pageNumber="58"refString="Fauvel, P. (1919) Annelides polychetes de Madagascar, de Djibouti et du Golfe Persique. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale, 58, 315 - 473, plates 15 - 17."type="journal article"year="1919">Fauvel 1919</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A062C0934F939FA79F92BFA65"author="Day"box="[1695,1783,1426,1445]"pageId="57"pageNumber="58"refString="Day, J. H. (1951) The Polychaete fauna of South Africa. Part I. The intertidal and estuarine Polychaeta of Natal and Mosambique. Annals of the Natal Museum, 12 (1), 1 - 67."type="journal article"year="1951">Day 1951</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A062C0934F8A6FA79F8F0FA65"author="Day"box="[1792,1836,1426,1445]"pageId="57"pageNumber="58"refString="Day, J. H. (1967) A monograph on the Polychaeta of Southern Africa. Pt. 2. Sedentaria. Publication 656, xvii + pp. 459 - 878. [figures 18.1 - 38.7. British Museum of Natural History, London.]"type="journal article"year="1967">1967</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A062C0934FFDBFA40FF2CFA7E"author="Fauvel"box="[125,240,1451,1470]"pageId="57"pageNumber="58"refString="Fauvel, P. (1919) Annelides polychetes de Madagascar, de Djibouti et du Golfe Persique. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale, 58, 315 - 473, plates 15 - 17."type="journal article"year="1919">Fauvel, 1919</bibRefCitation>
Neuro: long acicula, tip 30); thoracic neuropodial uncini simple
: not emergent; Not stated 12 Not well described; thoracic Off Western Mexico,
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A062C0934F983FA35F974FA31"author="Fauchald"box="[1573,1704,1502,1521]"pageId="57"pageNumber="58"refString="Fauchald, K. (1972) Benthic polychaetous annelids from deep water off western Mexico and adjacent areas in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Allan Hancock Monographs in Marine Biology, 7, 1 - 575, 69 plates."type="book chapter"year="1972">Fauchald 1972</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A062C0934FF25FA1CFED1F9CA"author="Fauchald"box="[131,269,1527,1546]"pageId="57"pageNumber="58"refString="Fauchald, K. (1972) Benthic polychaetous annelids from deep water off western Mexico and adjacent areas in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Allan Hancock Monographs in Marine Biology, 7, 1 - 575, 69 plates."type="book chapter"year="1972">Fauchald, 1972</bibRefCitation>
) Neuro: 3–4 curved, neuropodial with fingerlike postsetal
<emphasisid="35FEEAD9062C0934F9BEF9AEF8F1F997"box="[1560,1837,1605,1624]"italics="true"pageId="57"pageNumber="58">……continued on the next page</emphasis>
<emphasisid="35FEEAD9062F0937FFD1FCAEFCAAFC4A"bold="true"pageId="58"pageNumber="59">Species/Character Emergent abdominal Abdominal Noto- Setiger Unique characters Geographic References noto- & neuropodial & neuropodial Branchiae Distribution aciculae flail setae Begin</emphasis>
: not emergent; Absent 12–16 Cylindrical thorax, not flattened; Pacific Panama,
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A062F0937F986FC79F965FC65"author="Lopez"box="[1568,1721,914,933]"pageId="58"pageNumber="59"refString="Lopez, E., Cladera, P. & San Martin, G. (2003) Two new species of the genus Leodamas (Orbiniidae: Scolecida: Polychaeta) from the Pacific coast of Panama. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 83, 367 - 371."type="journal article"year="2003">Lopez et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraphid="073536CB062F0937FFD1FC40FA4FFC7E"blockId="58.[119,1819,797,1395]"box="[119,1427,939,959]"pageId="58"pageNumber="59">Cladera & San Martin, Neuro: sigmoid acicula setigers 1–3 uniramous, notosetae intertidal</paragraph>
: not emergent; Absent 20, 1st Thorax cylindrical setigers 1–5, then Pacific Panama,
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A062F0937F986FC34F965FC31"author="Lopez"box="[1568,1721,990,1010]"pageId="58"pageNumber="59"refString="Lopez, E., Cladera, P. & San Martin, G. (2003) Two new species of the genus Leodamas (Orbiniidae: Scolecida: Polychaeta) from the Pacific coast of Panama. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 83, 367 - 371."type="journal article"year="2003">Lopez et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
, Neuro: single, brown, abdominal distinctly flattened; thoracic neuro intertidal
</paragraph>
<paragraphid="073536CB062F0937FED1FBFBFB23FBE3"blockId="58.[119,1819,797,1395]"box="[375,1279,1040,1060]"pageId="58"pageNumber="59">straight acicula uncini in 1 row on setiger 1, then 2</paragraph>
<paragraphid="073536CB062F0937FC6DFBC0FAC8FBFD"blockId="58.[119,1819,797,1395]"box="[971,1300,1066,1086]"pageId="58"pageNumber="59">rows, again reduced to 1 row setigers</paragraph>
(Maciolek & Noto: not emergent; Absent 2 nd to 4 th Thoracic neuropodial uncini in single NE Colombia; Gulf
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A062F0937F986FBB6F8D7FBB0"author="Maciolek"box="[1568,1803,1117,1136]"pageId="58"pageNumber="59"refString="Maciolek, N. J. & Holland, J. S. (1978) Scoloplos texana: a new orbiniid polychaete from South Texas, with notes on the related species Scoloplos treadwelli Eisig. Contributions in Marine Science, 21, 161 - 169, 6 figures."type="book chapter"year="1978">Maciolek & Holland 1978</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A062F0937FFD1FB9DFF29FB49"author="Holland"box="[119,245,1142,1161]"pageId="58"pageNumber="59"refString="Maciolek, N. J. & Holland, J. S. (1978) Scoloplos texana: a new orbiniid polychaete from South Texas, with notes on the related species Scoloplos treadwelli Eisig. Contributions in Marine Science, 21, 161 - 169, 6 figures."type="book chapter"year="1978">
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A062F0937F986FB9DF953FB49"author="Taylor"box="[1568,1679,1142,1161]"pageId="58"pageNumber="59"refString="Taylor, J. L. (1984) Chapter 1, Family Orbiniidae Hartman, 1942. In: Uebelacker, J. M. & Johnson, P. G. (Eds.), Taxonomic Guide to the Polychaetes of the Northern Gulf of Mexico, 1, 1 - 1 to 1 - 38. [Barry A. Vittor & Associates.]"type="journal article"year="1984">Taylor 1984</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A062F0937F986FB64F8CBFB62"author="Barba"box="[1568,1815,1167,1186]"pageId="58"pageNumber="59"refString="Granados-Barba, A. & Solis-Weiss, V. (1997 b) The polychaetous annelids of the oil platform areas from the southeastern Gulf of Mexico: Phyllodocidae, Glyceridae, Goniadidae, Hesionidae, and Pilargidae, with description of Ophioglycera lyra, a new species and comments on Goniada distorta Moore and Scoloplos texana Maciolek & Holland. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 110, 457 - 470."type="journal article"year="1997"yearSuffix="b">Barba & Solís-Weiss 1997b</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A062F0937FF29FB42FED1FB7C"author="Taylor"box="[143,269,1193,1212]"pageId="58"pageNumber="59"refString="Taylor, J. L. (1984) Chapter 1, Family Orbiniidae Hartman, 1942. In: Uebelacker, J. M. & Johnson, P. G. (Eds.), Taxonomic Guide to the Polychaetes of the Northern Gulf of Mexico, 1, 1 - 1 to 1 - 38. [Barry A. Vittor & Associates.]"type="journal article"year="1984">Taylor (1984)</bibRefCitation>
(Eisig, Noto: not emergent; Absent Last Thoracic neuro uncini transition from 2 Caribbean; Puerto
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A062F0937F986FB29F971FB15"author="Treadwell"box="[1568,1709,1218,1237]"pageId="58"pageNumber="59"refString="Treadwell, A. L. (1901) The polychaetous annelids of Porto Rico. Bulletin of the United States Fisheries Commission, Washington, 20, 181 - 210, 81 figures."type="book chapter"year="1901">Treadwell 1901</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A062F0937F986FAC3F8CAFAFB"author="Barba"box="[1568,1814,1320,1339]"pageId="58"pageNumber="59"refString="Granados-Barba, A. & Solis-Weiss, V. (1997 a) Polychaetous annelids of the oil platform areas from the southeastern Gulf of Mexico: Orbiniidae and Cossuridae. Bulletin of marine Science, 61 (3), 549 - 557."type="journal article"year="1997"yearSuffix="a">Barba & Solís-Weiss 1997a</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A062F0937FE30FAA9FDDBFA95"author="Tebble"box="[406,519,1346,1365]"pageId="58"pageNumber="59"refString="Tebble, N. (1955) Polychaeta of the Gold Coast. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History, 3 (2), 59 - 148."type="journal article"year="1955">Tebble 1955</bibRefCitation>
) and Indo-Pacific (
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A062F0937FD17FAA9FCAEFA95"author="Eibye-Jacobsen"box="[689,882,1346,1365]"pageId="58"pageNumber="59"refString="Eibye-Jacobsen, D. (2002) The Orbiniidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) of the BIOSHELF Project, Andaman Sea, Thailand. Phuket Marine Biological Center, Special Publication, 24, 77 - 99."type="journal article"year="2002">Eibye-Jacobsen 2002</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A062F0937FCDDFAA9FBFEFA95"author="Zhadan"box="[891,1058,1346,1365]"pageId="58"pageNumber="59"refString="Zhadan, A., Stupnikova, A. & Neretina, T. (2015) Orbiniidae (Annelida: Errantia) from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia with notes on orbiniid phylogeny. Zootaxa, 4019 (1), 773 - 801. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4019.1.27"type="journal article"year="2015">
) likely represent different species. (2)Accounts from Panama (
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A062F0937F9E2FAA9F93CFA95"author="Chamberlin"box="[1604,1760,1346,1365]"pageId="58"pageNumber="59"refString="Chamberlin, R. V. (1919) The Annelida Polychaeta. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard, 48, 1 - 514, plates 1 - 80."type="journal article"year="1919">Chamberlin 1919</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="631B4B3A062F0937FF18FA8BFEF3FAB3"author="Fauvel"box="[190,303,1376,1395]"pageId="58"pageNumber="59"refString="Fauvel, P. (1932) Annelida Polychaeta of the Indian Museum, Calcutta. Memoirs of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, 12, 1 - 262, 9 plates, 4 text figures."type="book chapter"year="1932">Fauvel 1932</bibRefCitation>
