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<document id="92175B89F5D8368BF5B195B87F1F92CF" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2012.708452" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4590828" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1615293597861" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Kramer, Bernd, Bills, Roger, Skelton, Paul &amp; Wink, Michael" docDate="2012" docId="038087B4FFDDFFAEA3CAFD4162EB34E7" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.46.35-36.2179-2258.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 46 (35 - 36)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2012.708452" docStyle="DocumentStyle:DE8A86AD4006EFA56F95B2AAEFBF2813.5:JNatHist.2008-2012.journal_article.2cover" docStyleId="DE8A86AD4006EFA56F95B2AAEFBF2813" docStyleName="JNatHist.2008-2012.journal_article.2cover" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Petrocephalus longicapitis Kramer &amp; Bills &amp; Skelton &amp; Wink 2012, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="2239" masterDocId="FFB9FFCCFFE0FF90A279FFDA6003327D" masterDocTitle="A critical revision of the churchill snoutfish, genus Petrocephalus Marcusen, 1854 (Actinopterygii: Teleostei: Mormyridae), from southern and eastern Africa, with the recognition of Petrocephalus tanensis, and the description of five new species" masterLastPageNumber="2258" masterPageNumber="2179" pageNumber="2238" updateTime="1698882054463" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="518AC813A038BEC1DD91E258A0CE8BEB" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="B34BD0D10E5DED08861FF35CF268C82B">
<mods:title id="6A22AECCEFEE5917B990E2FA76A66BC7">A critical revision of the churchill snoutfish, genus Petrocephalus Marcusen, 1854 (Actinopterygii: Teleostei: Mormyridae), from southern and eastern Africa, with the recognition of Petrocephalus tanensis, and the description of five new species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="94E3C2DF4409162ABF41DEF7FB090DC4" type="personal">
<mods:role id="A81D83B454D66A91EEF5DFD9C43A089D">
<mods:roleTerm id="2DFE9F72E38EB527278ED26587EC9F83">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="CFD47EE24C72D9290B753B4C1B9507EA">Kramer, Bernd</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="44128E0F03B0495C400FB7282C55EB60" type="personal">
<mods:role id="8AC66C954D2E537C70FC1B25A9E3C1D6">
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<mods:namePart id="BA06A2514CDDDD1B35621B57BAA13803">Bills, Roger</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="9AE0EF944D12B6AE6D8439007E63B8FE" type="personal">
<mods:role id="976FAE9E1706502088094187B3E891DA">
<mods:roleTerm id="373395A092B29F905ACDA5B80221099F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="BA82B4691001AD0602723280F8CD875A">Skelton, Paul</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="E6B2B7010F300326335DDE3339907203" type="personal">
<mods:role id="55F9A30741F151C488C8EA885ED36371">
<mods:roleTerm id="8681CA60FAAFD5AC37C2FC039176E4BD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="430FBBE7D08971319F5C799D236F86D3">Wink, Michael</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="0720913CB7E481566A5841D752EA0E16">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="1F9EF1EF748350F85D9A5B64314EF88A">
<mods:title id="833415FBC0CFA9E44ADD8C18AFA0AFDF">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="7B0391C9F0F6116E6BDBBBC5A0F0104F">
<mods:date id="D2A9FA659F62BB4A13ED3A99E0A778B1">2012</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="54F18063EC6B22CB9D7E7B2943314ED9" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="F3080A47DBBFF83A83253A0EFEBEA86D">2012-09-30</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="BA778503F23A724CC29E54FAF5489769" type="volume">
<mods:number id="04EFF9DC5F3159D65B4B52AC82A77F76">46</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="E413DF2F859A16108523A7574E928D9A" type="issue">
<mods:number id="0AF787E02AA8B7F4303CD373E7E167E0">35 - 36</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="5DEF8B63E8AB8391785894FD9B7C6EF6" unit="page">
<mods:start id="E0E47EBDC659BE5DFB1D85A90EB477EC">2179</mods:start>
<mods:end id="F3515CE4FBD799E16AECAA8CA200B88D">2258</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
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<mods:location id="A8908B51001BEA4A4B71AC338659BCFC">
<mods:url id="92377DC1F281F8B08067A83ABCB1A190">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2012.708452</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="81859A6055AD292E3A2DCFD6EC357815">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="9C3825F1DA125D11D71A50DF1963B3F2" type="DOI">10.1080/00222933.2012.708452</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A04FADA0A7C2F1BB83C05957CD24B4DB" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="59829A96304FFD03BF7A5F6D28610C09" type="Zenodo-Dep">4590828</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="038087B4FFDDFFAEA3CAFD4162EB34E7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087B4FFDDFFAEA3CAFD4162EB34E7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038087B4FFDDFFAEA3CAFD4162EB34E7" lastPageId="62" lastPageNumber="2239" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238">
<subSubSection id="C3336529FFDDFFADA3CAFD41632F30C9" box="[435,812,667,692]" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFDDFFADA3CAFD41632F30C9" blockId="61.[435,812,667,724]" box="[435,812,667,692]" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238">
<heading id="D0DE81CEFFDDFFADA3CAFD41632F30C9" box="[435,812,667,692]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238" reason="7">
<taxonomicName id="4C294D21FFDDFFADA3CAFD4162D230C9" ID-CoL="4FDXJ" authority="Kramer &amp; Bills &amp; Skelton &amp; Wink, 2012" authorityName="Kramer &amp; Bills &amp; Skelton &amp; Wink" authorityYear="2012" box="[435,721,667,692]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longicapitis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFDDFFADA3CAFD4162D230C9" bold="true" box="[435,721,667,692]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238">Petrocephalus longicapitis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26E57CBFFDDFFADA0A1FD47632F30C9" box="[728,812,669,692]" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3336529FFDDFFAEA3C1FD6662EB34E7" lastPageId="62" lastPageNumber="2239" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFDDFFADA3C1FD66632530A9" blockId="61.[435,812,667,724]" box="[440,806,700,724]" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238">
(
<figureCitation id="13122A27FFDDFFADA3B9FD66622130A9" box="[448,546,700,724]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[143,210,1254,1276]" captionText="Figure 2(A–D). Photographs of members of southern and eastern African Petrocephalus species studied (numbers refer to localities given in Figures 1, 6 and 9). (1) P. catostoma (Günther, 1866), Lectotype, BMNH 1863.10.12.4, right side, SL 4.7 cm. (2) P. stuhlmanni Boulenger, 1909, holotype, BMNH 1907.12.3.1, SL 7.9 cm. (3) P. wesselsi Kramer and Van der Bank, 2000, right side, SL 9.7 cm, SAIAB 85922 (R1). (7) P. longicapitis sp. nov., SMF 28265 (R1), SL 9 cm. (9) P. okavangensis sp. nov., holotype, SAIAB 030046, right side, SL 6.1 cm. (10) P. catostoma tanensis Whitehead and Greenwood, 1959, holotype, BMNH 1963.11.29.1, right side, SL 6.7 cm. (10a) P. tanensis, field no. Ta05na, SL 8.7 cm, SAIAB 85907. (12) P. longianalis sp. nov., holotype, SL 8.2 cm, right side, SAIAB 76758. (21) P. petersi sp. nov., holotype, SAIAB 060846, right side, SL 6.4 cm. (23) P. magnoculis sp. nov., SL 8.9 cm, ZSM 38659. (24) P. haullevillii Boulenger, 1912, BMNH 1912.4.1.186–188 (R1), right side, SL 5.7 cm. (25) P. steindachneri Fowler 1958, syntype, NMW 55118:3, right side, SL 6.4 cm. (26) P. stuhlmanni congicus David and Poll, 1937, syntype, MRAC 30807-30808, SL 7.8 cm. (27) P. degeni Boulenger, 1906, BMNH 1906.5.30.84, right side, SL 8.12 cm. (28) P. catostoma, SAIAB 73894 (R1), right side, SL 6.4 cm. (31) P. magnitrunci sp. nov., SL 8.5 cm, SAIAB 67069 (R5, right side), see map Figure 6. Scale bar, 1 cm." pageId="61" pageNumber="2238">Figure 2</figureCitation>
, no. 7; online
<figureCitation id="13122A27FFDDFFADA0C6FD66631D30A9" box="[703,798,700,724]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="40.[211,278,841,863]" captionTargetBox="[211,1171,171,808]" captionTargetId="figure-6@40.[211,1171,170,808]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Figure 7(A–E). Principal component analysis on the 13 anatomical characters of Table 3, for six Okavango populations, focusing on the Guma Lagoon sample (Petrocephalus okavangensis sp. nov., red triangles). (A) Guma/Popa Falls (blue squares). (B) Guma/Gadikwe (blue squares). (C) Guma/Xakanixa Channel (blue squares). (D) Guma/Xakanixa River (blue squares). (E) Guma/Boro River (blue squares). (F) Popa Falls (red triangles)/Boro River (blue squares)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4590848" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4590848/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238">Figure 7</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFDDFFADA2F6FD27622D310E" blockId="61.[143,1103,763,883]" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFDDFFADA2F6FD2761443169" box="[143,327,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238">Type specimens.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B413CFFFFDDFFADA337FD2162C3314E" collectionCode="SAIAB" country="Namibia" county="East" location="Upper" municipality="Katima Mulilo" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238" specimenCode="SAIAB 85916" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Zambezi" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54928800FFDDFFADA337FD2161BE316E" box="[334,445,763,787]" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCode id="DB8F9ED9FFDDFFADA3B4FD216273316E" box="[461,624,763,787]" collectionCode="SAIAB" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">SAIAB 85916</specimenCode>
(specimen 19fish) from
<location id="8EF66079FFDDFFADA1EEFD2663E3316E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087B4FFDDFFAEA3CAFD4162EB34E7:8EF66079FFDDFFADA1EEFD2663E3316E" box="[919,992,764,787]" country="Namibia" county="East" municipality="Katima Mulilo" name="Upper" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238" stateProvince="Zambezi">Upper</location>
<collectingRegion id="49EDF840FFDDFFADA194FD2160CE314E" country="Namibia" name="Zambezi" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238">Zambezi River</collectingRegion>
at
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF2ACD8FFDDFFADA281FCC161A4314E" box="[248,423,795,819]" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238">Katima Mulilo</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="62F74E2EFFDDFFADA3CFFCC661EB314E" box="[438,488,796,819]" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238">East</collectingCounty>
<collectingRegion id="49EDF840FFDDFFADA38AFCC16249314E" box="[499,586,795,819]" country="Namibia" name="Zambezi" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238">Caprivi</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F33E7632FFDDFFADA020FCC162C3314E" box="[601,704,795,819]" name="Namibia" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238">Namibia</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B413CFFFFDDFFADA0B7FCC66111312E" accessionNumber="SMF 28265" collectionCode="SMF" country="Namibia" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238" specimenCount="27" stateProvince="Zambezi" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="54928800FFDDFFADA0B7FCC663433149" box="[718,832,796,820]" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<collectionCode id="ED38AE67FFDDFFADA137FCC1638A314E" box="[846,905,795,819]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238">SMF</collectionCode>
28265 (
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD2BFFDDFFADA190FCC160CE312E" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238" type="generic">27 specimens</specimenCount>
), plus
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B413CFFFFDDFFADA365FCE162E8312E" box="[284,747,827,851]" collectionCode="SAIAB" country="Namibia" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238" specimenCode="SAIAB 85917" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Zambezi" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode id="DB8F9ED9FFDDFFADA365FCE161B8312E" box="[284,443,827,851]" collectionCode="SAIAB" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">SAIAB 85917</specimenCode>
(specimens 14fish, 16fish)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B413CFFFFDDFFADA081FCE16448312E" box="[760,1099,827,851]" collectionCode="SAIAB" country="Namibia" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238" specimenCode="SAIAB 85911" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Zambezi" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode id="DB8F9ED9FFDDFFADA081FCE16394312E" box="[760,919,827,851]" collectionCode="SAIAB" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">SAIAB 85911</specimenCode>
(25fish, 26fish)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B413CFFFFDDFFADA2F6FC816228310E" box="[143,555,859,883]" collectionCode="SAIAB" country="Namibia" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238" specimenCode="SAIAB 85918" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Zambezi" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode id="DB8F9ED9FFDDFFADA2F6FC816128310E" box="[143,299,859,883]" collectionCode="SAIAB" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">SAIAB 85918</specimenCode>
(37fish, 38fish, 43fish)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFDDFFADA2F6FC4561AA31AB" blockId="61.[143,1104,926,982]" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238">
<materialsCitation id="3B413CFFFFDDFFADA2F6FC4561A631AB" country="Namibia" county="East" location="Upper" municipality="Katima Mulilo" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Zambezi" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFDDFFADA2F6FC45612131CB" box="[143,290,926,950]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238">
<typeStatus id="54928800FFDDFFADA2F6FC4560C631CB" box="[143,197,927,950]" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
<location id="8EF66079FFDDFFADA353FC45617031CB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087B4FFDDFFAEA3CAFD4162EB34E7:8EF66079FFDDFFADA353FC45617031CB" box="[298,371,927,950]" country="Namibia" county="East" municipality="Katima Mulilo" name="Upper" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238" stateProvince="Zambezi">Upper</location>
<collectingRegion id="49EDF840FFDDFFADA301FC44621E31CB" box="[376,541,926,950]" country="Namibia" name="Zambezi" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238">Zambezi River</collectingRegion>
at
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF2ACD8FFDDFFADA047FC4462E431CB" box="[574,743,926,950]" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238">Katima Mulilo</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="62F74E2EFFDDFFADA088FC45632031CB" box="[753,803,927,950]" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238">East</collectingCounty>
<collectingRegion id="49EDF840FFDDFFADA150FC44638331CB" box="[809,896,926,950]" country="Namibia" name="Zambezi" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238">Caprivi</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F33E7632FFDDFFADA1F0FC4463EC31CB" box="[905,1007,926,950]" name="Namibia" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238">Namibia</collectingCountry>
, approx. 17
<superScript id="7C5C9BEAFFDDFFADA2D3FC6060B131B6" attach="none" box="[170,178,954,971]" fontSize="7" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238">◦</superScript>
29
<superScript id="7C5C9BEAFFDDFFADA2B6FC6060D031B6" attach="none" box="[207,211,954,971]" fontSize="7" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238">′</superScript>
30
<superScript id="7C5C9BEAFFDDFFADA289FC6060FA31B6" attach="left" box="[240,249,954,971]" fontSize="7" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238">′′</superScript>
S, 24
<superScript id="7C5C9BEAFFDDFFADA341FC60614331B6" attach="none" box="[312,320,954,971]" fontSize="7" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238">◦</superScript>
16
<superScript id="7C5C9BEAFFDDFFADA324FC60616231B6" attach="none" box="[349,353,954,971]" fontSize="7" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238">′</superScript>
18
<superScript id="7C5C9BEAFFDDFFADA307FC60618431B6" attach="left" box="[382,391,954,971]" fontSize="7" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238">′′</superScript>
E
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFDDFFADA2F6FBD86367346A" blockId="61.[143,1104,1025,1559]" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFDDFFADA2F6FBD861003664" box="[143,259,1026,1049]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B413CFFFFDDFFADA373FBDB6367346A" collectionCode="HL, SL, PDL, PAL, CPD, CPL, BD, LA" latitude="0.206" longLatPrecision="78" longitude="-0.517" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238" specimenCount="1">
Head length,
<collectionCode id="ED38AE67FFDDFFADA3DAFBD861CE3664" box="[419,461,1026,1049]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13245" name="Houghton Lake Wildlife Research Station" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238" type="Herbarium">HL</collectionCode>
, mean 0.279 (range
<geoCoordinate id="EE1D5065FFDDFFADA0D7FBDB62E83664" box="[686,747,1025,1049]" degrees="0.258" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238" precision="55" value="0.258">0.258</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE1D5065FFDDFFADA092FBDB63353664" box="[747,822,1025,1049]" degrees="0.296" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238" precision="55" value="-0.296">–0.296</geoCoordinate>
) of
<collectionCode id="ED38AE67FFDDFFADA11BFBDB63863664" box="[866,901,1025,1049]" country="Sierra Leone" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14608" name="University of Sierra Leone, Njala University College" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238" type="Herbarium">SL</collectionCode>
; predorsal length,
<collectionCode id="ED38AE67FFDDFFADA2F6FBF860CA3644" box="[143,201,1058,1081]" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238">PDL</collectionCode>
, mean 0.635 (range
<geoCoordinate id="EE1D5065FFDDFFADA3D2FBFB61EB3644" box="[427,488,1057,1081]" degrees="0.619" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238" precision="55" value="0.619">0.619</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE1D5065FFDDFFADA391FBFB62303644" box="[488,563,1057,1081]" degrees="0.657" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238" precision="55" value="-0.657">–0.657</geoCoordinate>
) of
<collectionCode id="ED38AE67FFDDFFADA019FBFB62803644" box="[608,643,1057,1081]" country="Sierra Leone" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14608" name="University of Sierra Leone, Njala University College" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238" type="Herbarium">SL</collectionCode>
; preanal length,
<collectionCode id="ED38AE67FFDDFFADA147FBFB63763644" box="[830,885,1057,1081]" country="Italy" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15292" name="Herbarium Mediterraneum Panormitanum" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238" type="Herbarium">PAL</collectionCode>
, mean 0.596 (range
<geoCoordinate id="EE1D5065FFDDFFADA2F6FB9B60CF3624" box="[143,204,1089,1113]" degrees="0.575" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238" precision="55" value="0.575">0.575</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE1D5065FFDDFFADA2B5FB9B61143624" box="[204,279,1089,1113]" degrees="0.617" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238" precision="55" value="-0.617">–0.617</geoCoordinate>
) of
<collectionCode id="ED38AE67FFDDFFADA33BFB9B61663624" box="[322,357,1089,1113]" country="Sierra Leone" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14608" name="University of Sierra Leone, Njala University College" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238" type="Herbarium">SL</collectionCode>
; depth of caudal peduncle,
<collectionCode id="ED38AE67FFDDFFADA0EFFB9B62D23624" box="[662,721,1089,1113]" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238">CPD</collectionCode>
, mean 0.36 (range
<geoCoordinate id="EE1D5065FFDDFFADA1DAFB9B63E33624" box="[931,992,1089,1113]" degrees="0.334" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238" precision="55" value="0.334">0.334</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE1D5065FFDDFFADA199FB9B64293624" box="[992,1066,1089,1113]" degrees="0.398" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238" precision="55" value="-0.398">–0.398</geoCoordinate>
) of
<collectionCode id="ED38AE67FFDDFFADA2F6FBBB60C43604" box="[143,199,1121,1145]" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238">CPL</collectionCode>
, length of caudal peduncle; number of scales around caudal peduncle, SPc, median 12 (range 12–12); eye diameter as defined by orbital rims, OD, mean 0.261 (range
<geoCoordinate id="EE1D5065FFDDFFADA35EFB7A616636C5" box="[295,357,1184,1208]" degrees="0.249" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238" precision="55" value="0.249">0.249</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE1D5065FFDDFFADA31DFB7A61AD36C5" box="[356,430,1184,1208]" degrees="0.281" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238" precision="55" value="-0.281">–0.281</geoCoordinate>
) of
<collectionCode id="ED38AE67FFDDFFADA399FB7B620936C5" box="[480,522,1185,1208]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13245" name="Houghton Lake Wildlife Research Station" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238" type="Herbarium">HL</collectionCode>
, head length; body depth,
<collectionCode id="ED38AE67FFDDFFADA13AFB7B636F36C5" box="[835,876,1185,1208]" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238">BD</collectionCode>
, mean 0.295 (range
<geoCoordinate id="EE1D5065FFDDFFADA2F6FB1A60CF36A5" box="[143,204,1216,1240]" degrees="0.277" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238" precision="55" value="0.277">0.277</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE1D5065FFDDFFADA2B5FB1A611436A5" box="[204,279,1216,1240]" degrees="0.315" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238" precision="55" value="-0.315">–0.315</geoCoordinate>
) of
<collectionCode id="ED38AE67FFDDFFADA333FB1A616E36A5" box="[330,365,1216,1240]" country="Sierra Leone" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14608" name="University of Sierra Leone, Njala University College" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238" type="Herbarium">SL</collectionCode>
; length of anal fin,
<collectionCode id="ED38AE67FFDDFFADA02FFB1A627C36A5" box="[598,639,1216,1240]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15420" name="University of California" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238" type="Herbarium">LA</collectionCode>
, mean 0.237 (range
<geoCoordinate id="EE1D5065FFDDFFADA114FB1A63AA36A5" box="[877,937,1216,1240]" degrees="0.221" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238" precision="55" value="0.221">0.221</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE1D5065FFDDFFADA1D0FB1A63F636A5" box="[937,1013,1216,1240]" degrees="0.252" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238" precision="55" value="-0.252">–0.252</geoCoordinate>
) of
<collectionCode id="ED38AE67FFDDFFADA651FB1A644836A5" box="[1064,1099,1216,1240]" country="Sierra Leone" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14608" name="University of Sierra Leone, Njala University College" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238" type="Herbarium">SL</collectionCode>
; length of snout to posterior orbital rim of eye, LSo, mean 0.431 (range
<geoCoordinate id="EE1D5065FFDDFFADA1DAFB3A63E33685" box="[931,992,1248,1272]" degrees="0.389" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238" precision="55" value="0.389">0.389</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE1D5065FFDDFFADA199FB3A64283685" box="[992,1067,1248,1272]" degrees="0.458" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238" precision="55" value="-0.458">–0.458</geoCoordinate>
) of
<collectionCode id="ED38AE67FFDDFFADA2F6FADB60BA3765" box="[143,185,1281,1304]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13245" name="Houghton Lake Wildlife Research Station" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238" type="Herbarium">HL</collectionCode>
, head length; number of dorsal fin rays, nD, median 23 (range 21–25); number of scales in lateral line row, SLS, median 38 (range 37–39). EOD characteristics at 25
<superScript id="7C5C9BEAFFDDFFADA2D3FAE660B13730" attach="right" box="[170,178,1340,1357]" fontSize="7" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238">◦</superScript>
C and “2% threshold criterion” (see Material and methods): peak amplitude of P2 phase, P2amp, in males, mean 0.466 (range
<geoCoordinate id="EE1D5065FFDDFFADA0D6FABA62E83705" box="[687,747,1376,1400]" degrees="0.321" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238" precision="55" value="0.321">0.321</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE1D5065FFDDFFADA092FABA63343705" box="[747,823,1376,1400]" degrees="0.547" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238" precision="55" value="-0.547">–0.547</geoCoordinate>
) of P1amp, peak amplitude of P1 phase; in females, mean 0.382 (range
<geoCoordinate id="EE1D5065FFDDFFADA0A8FAA5630D37EA" box="[721,782,1407,1431]" degrees="0.206" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238" precision="55" value="0.206">0.206</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE1D5065FFDDFFADA177FAA5635A37EA" box="[782,857,1407,1431]" degrees="0.517" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238" precision="55" value="-0.517">–0.517</geoCoordinate>
) of P1amp; duration of P2 phase, P2dur, mean 207 µs (range 113–477 µs); duration of P1 phase, P1dur, mean 131 µs (range 101–169 µs); duration of N phase, Ndur, mean 49 µs (range (36–62 µs); negative peak amplitude (absolute value) of N phase, Namp, mean – 2.77 (range – 2.291 to –3.468) of P1amp, peak amplitude of P1 phase.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFDDFFAEA2F6F999641230A0" blockId="61.[143,1104,1602,1690]" lastBlockId="62.[211,1172,167,733]" lastPageId="62" lastPageNumber="2239" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFDDFFADA2F6F99961153427" box="[143,278,1603,1626]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="2238">Description.</emphasis>
Body oval shape (
<figureCitation id="13122A27FFDDFFADA395F99862523427" box="[492,593,1602,1626]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[143,210,1254,1276]" captionText="Figure 2(A–D). Photographs of members of southern and eastern African Petrocephalus species studied (numbers refer to localities given in Figures 1, 6 and 9). (1) P. catostoma (Günther, 1866), Lectotype, BMNH 1863.10.12.4, right side, SL 4.7 cm. (2) P. stuhlmanni Boulenger, 1909, holotype, BMNH 1907.12.3.1, SL 7.9 cm. (3) P. wesselsi Kramer and Van der Bank, 2000, right side, SL 9.7 cm, SAIAB 85922 (R1). (7) P. longicapitis sp. nov., SMF 28265 (R1), SL 9 cm. (9) P. okavangensis sp. nov., holotype, SAIAB 030046, right side, SL 6.1 cm. (10) P. catostoma tanensis Whitehead and Greenwood, 1959, holotype, BMNH 1963.11.29.1, right side, SL 6.7 cm. (10a) P. tanensis, field no. Ta05na, SL 8.7 cm, SAIAB 85907. (12) P. longianalis sp. nov., holotype, SL 8.2 cm, right side, SAIAB 76758. (21) P. petersi sp. nov., holotype, SAIAB 060846, right side, SL 6.4 cm. (23) P. magnoculis sp. nov., SL 8.9 cm, ZSM 38659. (24) P. haullevillii Boulenger, 1912, BMNH 1912.4.1.186–188 (R1), right side, SL 5.7 cm. (25) P. steindachneri Fowler 1958, syntype, NMW 55118:3, right side, SL 6.4 cm. (26) P. stuhlmanni congicus David and Poll, 1937, syntype, MRAC 30807-30808, SL 7.8 cm. (27) P. degeni Boulenger, 1906, BMNH 1906.5.30.84, right side, SL 8.12 cm. (28) P. catostoma, SAIAB 73894 (R1), right side, SL 6.4 cm. (31) P. magnitrunci sp. nov., SL 8.5 cm, SAIAB 67069 (R5, right side), see map Figure 6. Scale bar, 1 cm." pageId="61" pageNumber="2238">Figure 2</figureCitation>
, no. 7). Head broadly rounded with a small ventrally positioned subterminal mouth, situated ventral to the eye; head and body dorsolaterally compressed. Dorsal fin (a) origin situated about two-thirds of standard length from snout, (b) obliquely orientated, anteriorly higher and posteriorly lower, (c) distal margin crescentic with anterior two or three rays longer than posterior rays, and (d) number of rays 21 (
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFDEFFAEA06BFF32621C3282" box="[530,543,232,255]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="2239">n</emphasis>
= 2), 22 (
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFDEFFAEA0EEFF3262A73282" box="[663,676,232,255]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="2239">n</emphasis>
= 10), 23 (
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFDEFFAEA153FF3263343282" box="[810,823,232,255]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="2239">n</emphasis>
= 21), 24 (
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFDEFFAEA1C4FF3263C93282" box="[957,970,232,255]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="2239">n</emphasis>
= 3), 25 (
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFDEFFAEA63AFF3264533282" box="[1091,1104,232,255]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="2239">n</emphasis>
= 2). Anal fin (a) longer than dorsal fin, (b) opposite dorsal fin with slightly more anterior origin, (c) obliquely orientated, anteriorly lower and posteriorly higher, (d) anterior 10 or so rays longer than posterior ones, especially in males where they also appear stronger, (e) margin broadly rounded, (f) rays posterior to first 10 with distal margin straight, (g) number of rays 26 (
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFDEFFAEA04EFE52624733E2" box="[567,580,392,415]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="2239">n</emphasis>
= 1), 27 (
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFDEFFAEA0CDFE5262C233E2" box="[692,705,392,415]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="2239">n</emphasis>
= 1), 28 (
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFDEFFAEA14BFE52633C33E2" box="[818,831,392,415]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="2239">n</emphasis>
= 23), 29 (
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFDEFFAEA1C5FE5263CA33E2" box="[956,969,392,415]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="2239">n</emphasis>
= 11), 30 (
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFDEFFAEA63EFE52645733E2" box="[1095,1108,392,415]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="2239">n</emphasis>
= 2). Forked tail fin with rounded lobes. Scales cycloid with reticulate striae, scales extending anteriorly to operculum and pectoral fins (beyond pelvics). Scales in lateral series, 37 (
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFDEFFAEA2A5FE3D60EA3383" box="[220,233,487,510]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="2239">n</emphasis>
= 3), 38 (
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFDEFFAEA311FE3D61763383" box="[360,373,487,510]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="2239">n</emphasis>
= 8), 39 (
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFDEFFAEA38DFE3D62023383" box="[500,513,487,510]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="2239">n</emphasis>
= 1). Scales on caudal peduncle circumference, 12 (
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFDEFFAEA61EFE3D64773383" box="[1127,1140,487,510]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="2239">n</emphasis>
= 38). Caudal peduncle slender, subcylindrical entire length, usually 19.9% (18–21.5%) of SL (
<tableCitation id="C6AB0319FFDEFFAEA35EFDFC617E3043" box="[295,381,550,574]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="18.[58,113,442,464]" captionText="Table 1. Morphometrics of the southern and eastern African Petrocephalus species." pageId="62" pageNumber="2239">Table 1</tableCitation>
). Electric organ discharge, triphasic pulse with strong head-positive phase P1 followed by head-negative main phase N, and weaker head-positive P2 phase (
<figureCitation id="13122A27FFDEFFAEA2A2FDBC614F3003" box="[219,332,614,638]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="43.[143,210,932,954]" captionTargetBox="[153,1096,175,895]" captionTargetId="graphics-5@43.[570,1092,439,864]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Figure 10. Differentiation within Petrocephalus wesselsi of different South African origins, studied using Principal Component (PCA) and Discriminant (DA) Analyses, as compared with another species (P. longicapitis sp. nov., Namibia, Upper Zambezi). Circles in DA, 95% confidence circles to contain true mean of group. (A) PCA and (B) DA on correlations among anatomical characters. (C) PCA and (D) DA same as (A) and (B), respectively, but for analyses on characters of Electric Organ Discharges (EODs). Green M symbols, specimens from Mokolo (Mogol) River (n = 48; 43, i.e. 48 for anatomy and 43 for EOD); blue-green N symbols, Nwanedzi River (n = 9; 0); orange B symbols, Blyde River (n = 5; 5); red S symbols, Sabie River (n = 44; 39); blue Z symbols, P. longicapitis sp. nov. from the Upper Zambezi (type locality Katima Mulilo; n = 38; 42); bluer shade of blue-green coloured U symbols, specimens from Mbuluzi River, Swaziland (n = 4; 0). Excluded from DA but shown on DA graphs: lilac G symbols, Groot Letaba River (n = 2; 2); sand-coloured L symbols, Lepalala River (n = 2;1); redder shade of lilac P symbol, Pongola River (n = 1; 1). The 15 anatomical characters included in the anatomical analyses were: PDL/SL, PAL/SL, LD/SL, LA/SL, pD/SL, CPL/SL, CPD/CPL, LSc/HL, LSo/HL, HL/Na, HL/SL, BD/SL, nD, nA, SPc. The characters used in the EOD analyses were: Namp, P2amp, P1dur, Ndur, P2dur, P1Nsep, P1P2sep, NP2sep, P1area, Narea, P2 area." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4590852" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4590852/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="2239">Figure 10</figureCitation>
); P2 phase stronger in males than in females of same size. Pulse duration short [mean 379 µs (range 298–642) in females (
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFDEFFAEA090FD5D62F530E3" box="[745,758,647,670]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="2239">n</emphasis>
= 19) and 354 µs (253–473) in males (
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFDEFFAEA2A5FD7D60EA30C3" box="[220,233,679,702]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="2239">n</emphasis>
= 15), respectively; 25
<superScript id="7C5C9BEAFFDEFFAEA391FD7861F330CE" attach="left" box="[488,496,674,691]" fontSize="7" pageId="62" pageNumber="2239">◦</superScript>
C, 2% threshold criterion]. Males with kink in anal fin base, which is absent in juveniles and females where the anal fin base is straight.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFDEFFAEA2AAFCCA62693155" blockId="62.[211,618,784,808]" box="[211,618,784,808]" pageId="62" pageNumber="2239">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFDEFFAEA2AAFCCA61CD3155" box="[211,462,784,808]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="2239">Colour in preservation.</emphasis>
Light brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFDEFFAEA2AAFC80615E31EF" blockId="62.[211,1172,858,914]" pageId="62" pageNumber="2239">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFDEFFAEA2AAFC806179310F" box="[211,378,858,882]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="2239">Colour in life.</emphasis>
Colour in life: grey-silver, underside lighter, paired fins light and transparent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFDEFFAEA2AAFC1F61D43746" blockId="62.[211,1172,964,1339]" pageId="62" pageNumber="2239">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFDEFFAEA2AAFC1F613131A0" box="[211,306,965,989]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="2239">Ecology.</emphasis>
Appears to prefer quiet reaches of oxbow lakes or arms with dense vegetation on borders. Both sexes are territorial during the day but combine to schools at night (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFDEFFAEA2A3FBDE620D3661" author="Scheffel A &amp; Kramer B" box="[218,526,1028,1052]" pageId="62" pageNumber="2239" pagination="733 - 751" refId="ref46008" refString="Scheffel A, Kramer B. 2006. Intra- and interspecific electrocommunication among sympatric mormyrids in the Upper Zambezi River. In: Ladich F, Collin SP, Moller P, Kapoor BG, editors. Communication in Fishes. Enfield (NH) USA: Science Publishers Inc. p. 733 - 751." type="book chapter" year="2006">Scheffel and Kramer 2006</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFDEFFAEA05AFBDF63A73661" author="Van der Waal BCW &amp; Skelton PH" box="[547,932,1028,1052]" pageId="62" pageNumber="2239" pagination="303 - 320" refId="ref46685" refString="Van der Waal BCW, Skelton PH. 1984. Check list of fishes of Caprivi. Madoqua (Windhoek) 13 (4): 303 - 320." type="journal article" year="1984">Van der Waal and Skelton (1984)</bibRefCitation>
studied the fishes of
<collectingRegion id="49EDF840FFDEFFAEA2AAFBFE61293641" box="[211,298,1060,1084]" country="Namibia" name="Zambezi" pageId="62" pageNumber="2239">Caprivi</collectingRegion>
, and found
<taxonomicName id="4C294D21FFDEFFAEA3CCFBFF62523641" authority="Kramer &amp; Bills &amp; Skelton &amp; Wink, 2012" authorityName="Kramer &amp; Bills &amp; Skelton &amp; Wink" authorityYear="2012" box="[437,593,1060,1084]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="62" pageNumber="2239" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longicapitis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFDEFFAEA3CCFBFF62523641" box="[437,593,1060,1084]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="2239">P. longicapitis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26E57CBFFDEFFAEA020FBFF62AC3641" box="[601,687,1061,1084]" pageId="62" pageNumber="2239" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
to be abundant in the
<collectingRegion id="49EDF840FFDEFFAEA1C1FBFE64633641" box="[952,1120,1060,1084]" country="Namibia" name="Zambezi" pageId="62" pageNumber="2239">Zambezi River</collectingRegion>
and common in the Eastern Floodplain, in the Chobe and in Lake Liambezi (which has since dried up), but rare in the Kwando
<collectingRegion id="49EDF840FFDEFFAEA0F6FBBE62CC3601" box="[655,719,1124,1148]" country="Gambia" name="Upper River" pageId="62" pageNumber="2239">River</collectingRegion>
. The species was common in the shallow water of swamps and flood plains, but rare in streams with sandy or rocky substrate, and also rare in pools beneath
<taxonomicName id="4C294D21FFDEFFAEA03BFB7E62F836C1" authorityName="D.S.Mitchell" authorityYear="1972" box="[578,763,1188,1212]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Salviniaceae" genus="Salvinia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Salviniales" pageId="62" pageNumber="2239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="molesta">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFDEFFAEA03BFB7E62F836C1" box="[578,763,1188,1212]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="2239">Salvinia molesta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mats. Where it occurs in the main river channel, sand and gravel substrate mainly with occasional rocky rapids. Marginal roots stocks of riparian trees and patches of aquatic vegetation beds. During the day
<taxonomicName id="4C294D21FFDEFFAEA2AAFADE616D3766" authority="Kramer &amp; Bills &amp; Skelton &amp; Wink, 2012" authorityName="Kramer &amp; Bills &amp; Skelton &amp; Wink" authorityYear="2012" box="[211,366,1283,1307]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="62" pageNumber="2239" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longicapitis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFDEFFAEA2AAFADE616D3766" box="[211,366,1283,1307]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="2239">P. longicapitis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26E57CBFFDEFFAEA30CFADE61CA3766" box="[373,457,1284,1307]" pageId="62" pageNumber="2239" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is associated with marginal cover in holes in banks, root stocks and aquatic weed beds.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFDEFFAEA2AAFAB463E437D8" blockId="62.[211,1171,1389,1445]" pageId="62" pageNumber="2239">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFDEFFAEA2AAFAB4616337FB" box="[211,352,1390,1414]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="2239">Distribution.</emphasis>
Presently known only from the lower and the upper reaches of the Upper
<collectingRegion id="49EDF840FFDEFFAEA2AAFA57617D37D8" box="[211,382,1421,1445]" country="Namibia" name="Zambezi" pageId="62" pageNumber="2239">Zambezi River</collectingRegion>
: East
<collectingRegion id="49EDF840FFDEFFAEA3B9FA57621437D8" box="[448,535,1421,1445]" country="Namibia" name="Zambezi" pageId="62" pageNumber="2239">Caprivi</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F33E7632FFDEFFAEA05BFA57628B37D8" box="[546,648,1421,1445]" name="Namibia" pageId="62" pageNumber="2239">Namibia</collectingCountry>
, and Lumwana River,
<collectingCountry id="F33E7632FFDEFFAEA1FEFA5763E037D8" box="[903,995,1421,1445]" name="Zambia" pageId="62" pageNumber="2239">Zambia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFDEFFAEA2AAFA026228346D" blockId="62.[211,1171,1496,1552]" pageId="62" pageNumber="2239">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFDEFFAEA2AAFA026152378D" box="[211,337,1496,1520]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="2239">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species name
<taxonomicName id="4C294D21FFDEFFAEA04BFA0262B3378D" authority="Kramer &amp; Bills &amp; Skelton &amp; Wink, 2012" authorityName="Kramer &amp; Bills &amp; Skelton &amp; Wink" authorityYear="2012" box="[562,688,1496,1520]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="62" pageNumber="2239" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longicapitis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFDEFFAEA04BFA0262B3378D" box="[562,688,1496,1520]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="2239">longicapitis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26E57CBFFDEFFAEA0C2FA036317378D" box="[699,788,1497,1520]" pageId="62" pageNumber="2239" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
refers to this species’ long head (
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFDEFFAEA2A5FA226120346D" box="[220,291,1528,1552]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="2239">longus</emphasis>
, long and
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFDEFFAEA3E3FA2361D5346D" box="[410,470,1529,1552]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="2239">caput</emphasis>
, head).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFDEFFAEA2AAF99862EB34E7" blockId="62.[211,1172,1602,1690]" pageId="62" pageNumber="2239">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFDEFFAEA2AAF99862623427" box="[211,609,1602,1626]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="2239">
Remarks.
<taxonomicName id="4C294D21FFDEFFAEA33DF99862623427" authority="Kramer &amp; Bills &amp; Skelton &amp; Wink, 2012" authorityName="Kramer &amp; Bills &amp; Skelton &amp; Wink" authorityYear="2012" box="[324,609,1602,1626]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="62" pageNumber="2239" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longicapitis" status="sp. nov.">Petrocephalus longicapitis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26E57CBFFDEFFAEA01FF99962B93427" box="[614,698,1603,1626]" pageId="62" pageNumber="2239" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is characterized by a long HL, PDL, PAL, CPD and low SPc. The EOD shows a strong P2 phase of short duration, short P1dur, short Ndur, and weaker Namp than
<taxonomicName id="4C294D21FFDEFFAEA014F95962E234E7" box="[621,737,1667,1690]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="62" pageNumber="2239" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tanensis">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFDEFFAEA014F95962E234E7" box="[621,737,1667,1690]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="2239">P. tanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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