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<document id="F2FA59BCF7F2AB1045E34E7C7E890727" ID-DOI="10.5733/afin.052.0212" ID-ISSN="2305-2562" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8342930" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1683579859550" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Kirk-Spriggs, Ashley H." docDate="2011" docId="03FDA115FFCEB34CEBD89E50FD15FC89" docLanguage="en" docName="AfrInvertebr.52.2.391-456.pdf" docOrigin="African Invertebrates 52 (2)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.052.0212" docStyle="DocumentStyle:B78C63EC8CEBBB75364A82B35BB1F83D.4:AfrInvertebr.2008-2015.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="B78C63EC8CEBBB75364A82B35BB1F83D" docStyleName="AfrInvertebr.2008-2015.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Curtonotum keiseri : Tsacas 1974" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="422" masterDocId="FFC4D96DFFD2B353EA609A53FFD6FFC7" masterDocTitle="A revision of Afrotropical Quasimodo flies (Diptera: Schizophora; Curtonotidae). Part III - the Malagasy species of Curtonotum Macquart, with descriptions of six new species" masterLastPageNumber="391" masterPageNumber="391" pageNumber="419" updateTime="1699500457146" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="B1FC7C373CA9D4DBDF16B332D8DBA494">A revision of Afrotropical Quasimodo flies (Diptera: Schizophora; Curtonotidae). Part III - the Malagasy species of Curtonotum Macquart, with descriptions of six new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="435D522759725ECFEA57A14D338AA620">Kirk-Spriggs, Ashley H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="88822B73CAC7693486DF836B557C7DF4">African Invertebrates</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="EAD786C002978E6C20A64A1E1EC23D94">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="2778D9A6324A82CD1FAEE57D73F0818A">2011-12-31</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="AD404C78C182B92A9CEBE3A3431B27F8" type="DOI">10.5733/afin.052.0212</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="3F1D0468948CFE0FDAB53691EF0E6423" type="ISSN">2305-2562</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03FDA115FFCEB34CEBD89E50FD15FC89" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8342870" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8342870" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FDA115FFCEB34CEBD89E50FD15FC89" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FDA115FFCEB34CEBD89E50FD15FC89" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="422" pageId="28" pageNumber="419">
<subSubSection id="C34E4388FFCEB34FEBD89E50FCF1FBDA" box="[440,807,1027,1053]" pageId="28" pageNumber="419" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BEB1003FFCEB34FEBD89E50FCF1FBDA" blockId="28.[144,1104,1027,1674]" box="[440,807,1027,1053]" pageId="28" pageNumber="419">
<heading id="D0A3A76FFFCEB34FEBD89E50FCF1FBDA" box="[440,807,1027,1053]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="28" pageNumber="419" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C546B80FFCEB34FEBD89E50FCF1FBDA" ID-CoL="32KZ2" authority="Tsacas, 1974" authorityName=": Tsacas" authorityYear="1974" box="[440,807,1027,1053]" class="Insecta" family="Curtonotidae" genus="Curtonotum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="419" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="keiseri">
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCEB34FEBD89E50FD47FBDA" box="[440,657,1027,1053]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="419">Curtonotum keiseri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC56DF2FFCEB34FE8F79E50FCF1FBDA" author="TSACAS, L." box="[663,807,1027,1053]" pageId="28" pageNumber="419" pagination="703 - 719" refId="ref45946" refString="TSACAS, L. 1974. Etude preliminaire des Curtonotidae de Madagascar [Diptera]. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France (N. S.) 10: 703 - 719." type="journal article" year="1974">Tsacas, 1974</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34E4388FFCEB34FEBDA9E78FCF3FB82" box="[442,805,1066,1093]" pageId="28" pageNumber="419" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BEB1003FFCEB34FEBDA9E78FCF3FB82" blockId="28.[144,1104,1027,1674]" box="[442,805,1066,1093]" pageId="28" pageNumber="419">
<figureCitation id="136F0C86FFCEB34FEBDA9E78FE29FB82" box="[442,511,1067,1093]" captionStart="Figs 1–8" captionStartId="8.[144,183,1551,1573]" captionTargetBox="[151,1096,215,1528]" captionTargetId="figure-9@8.[151,1096,215,1528]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 1–8. Head and thorax (lateral view) of Curtonotum spp., males: (1) C. keiseri, PT, Mtge. D’Ambre, NHMB; (2) C. stuckenbergi, HT, Ambohitantely, NMHN; (3) C. sternithrix, HT, Antanambe, MNHN; (4) C. irwini sp. n., PT, Zombitse National Park, CAS; (5) C. parkeri sp. n., PT, same, CAS; (6) C. coronaeformis sp. n., PT, near Isalo National Park, CAS; (7) C. balachowskyi, HT, Fia Mananjary, MNHN; (8) C. gladiiformis sp. n., HT, Fianarantsoa, CAS. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8342932" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8342932/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="419">Figs 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136F0C86FFCEB34FE86D9E78FDFDFB82" box="[525,555,1067,1093]" captionStart="Figs 14–26" captionStartId="17.[181,220,1486,1508]" captionTargetBox="[187,1132,432,1463]" captionTargetId="figure-214@17.[187,1132,432,1463]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figs 14–26. Frons (dorsal view) of Curtonotum spp., males: (14) C. keiseri, PT, Mtge. D’Ambre, NHMB; (15) C. stuckenbergi, HT, Ambohitantely, NMHN; (16) C. sternithrix, HT, Antanambe, MNHN; (17) C. irwini sp. n., HT, Zombitse National Park, CAS; (18) C. parkeri sp. n., HT, same, CAS; (19) C. coronaeformis sp.n., HT, Fianarantsoa, CAS; (20) C. balachowskyi, HT, Fia Mananjary, MNHN; (21) C. gladiiformis sp. n., HT, Fianarantsoa, CAS; (22) C. rinhatinana sp. n., HT,Ankarafantsika, CAS; (23) C. boeny, HT, Ambato-Boeni, MNHN; (24) C. griveaudi sp. n., HT, Asondrodava dry forest, CAS; (25) C. pauliani, N-T, Ankarafantsika, CAS; (26) C. sakalava, N-T, Andohahela National Park, CAS. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8342938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8342938/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="419">14</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136F0C86FFCEB34FE8579E78FD83FB82" box="[567,597,1067,1093]" captionStart="Figs 27–39" captionStartId="20.[144,183,1486,1508]" captionTargetBox="[154,1092,206,1459]" captionTargetId="figure-152@20.[151,1096,206,1464]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figs 27–39. Wing of Curtonotum spp., males, unless otherwise stated: (27) C. keiseri, N-T, Joffreville, TAU; (28) C. stuckenbergi, ♀ AT, Ambohitantely, NMSA; (29) C. sternithrix, PT, Manambato, NMSA; (30) C. irwini sp. n., PT, Zombitse National Park, CAS; (31) C. parkeri sp. n., HT, same, CAS; (32) C. coronaeformis sp. n., PT, near Isalo National Park, CAS; (33) C. balachowskyi, N-T, Asondrodava dry forest, CAS; (34) C. gladiiformis sp. n., PT, near Isalo National Park, CAS; (35) C. rinhatinana sp. n., HT, Ankarafantsika, CAS; (36) C. boeny, ♀ PT,Ambata­Boeni, MNHN; (37) C. griveaudi sp. n., N-T, Sambava Beach, TAU; (38) C. pauliani, N-T, Tsingy National Park, CAS; (39) C. sakalava, N-T, Berenty Special Reserve, CAS. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8342940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8342940/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="419">27</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136F0C86FFCEB34FE8019E79FD05FB83" box="[609,723,1066,1093]" captionStart="Figs 55–63" captionStartId="30.[144,183,1510,1532]" captionTargetBox="[179,1075,425,1488]" captionTargetId="figure-194@30.[175,1077,418,1491]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figs 55–63. Male terminalia of Curtonotum spp.: (55–57) hypandrium and epandrium, lateral view: (55) C. keiseri, N-T, Ambohitra, TAU; (56) C. stuckenbergi, HT, Ambohitantely, NMHN; (57) C. sternithrix, PT, Manambato, MNHN; (58–60) phallus, right lateral view:(58) C. keiseri, ejaculatory apodeme missing; (59) C. stuckenbergi; (60) C. sternithrix; (61–63) basiphallus and distiphallus junction, dorsal view: (61) C. keiseri, ventrally-directed lateral spine indicated with arrow; (62) C. stuckenbergi, ventrally-directed lateral spine indicated with arrow; (63) C. sternithrix. Scale bars= 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8342946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8342946/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="419">55, 58, 61</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136F0C86FFCEB34FE8BF9E78FD2BFB82" box="[735,765,1067,1093]" captionStart="Figs 79–91" captionStartId="46.[144,183,1486,1508]" captionTargetBox="[146,1101,626,1466]" captionTargetId="figure-287@46.[144,1103,614,1472]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="Figs 79–91. Sternites 6 (79–85, 87–91) and 4–6 (86) of Curtonotum spp. males: (79) C. keiseri, N-T, Ambohitra, TAU; (80) C. stuckenbergi, HT, Ambohitantely, NMHN; (81) C. irwini sp. n., PT, Zombitse National Park, CAS; (82) C. parkeri sp. n., PT, same, CAS; (83) C. coronaeformis sp. n., PT, Fianarantsoa, CAS; (84) C. balachowskyi, N-T, same, CAS; (85) C. gladiiformis sp. n., N-T, same, CAS; (86) C. sternithrix, PT, Manambato, MNHN; (87) C. rinhatinana sp. n., HT, Ankarafantsika,CAS; (88) C. boeny, N-T, E. Bekopaka,CAS; (89) C. griveaudi sp.n., PT, Mahafaly Reserve, CAS; (90) C. pauliani, N-T, E. Bekopaka, CAS; (91) C. sakalava, N-T, Berenty Special Reserve, CAS. Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8342954" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8342954/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="419">79</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136F0C86FFCEB34FE9699E78FCF3FB82" box="[777,805,1067,1093]" captionStart="Figs 92–96" captionStartId="51.[181,220,1630,1652]" captionTargetBox="[189,1134,542,1610]" captionTargetId="figure-162@51.[189,1134,542,1610]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="Figs 92–96. Distribution of Malagasy Curtonotom spp.: (92) C. keiseri; (93) C. stuckenbergi; (94) C. sternithrix; (95) C. irwini sp. n.; (96) C. parkeri sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8342956" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8342956/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="419">92</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34E4388FFCEB34FEAF09E07FBEEFA75" pageId="28" pageNumber="419" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BEB1003FFCEB34FEAF09E07FC2EFBAE" blockId="28.[144,1104,1027,1674]" box="[144,1016,1107,1129]" pageId="28" pageNumber="419">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB44372DFFCEB34FEAF09E07FC2EFBAE" box="[144,1016,1107,1129]" pageId="28" pageNumber="419">
<treatmentCitation id="0AF53612FFCEB34FEAF09E07FE3CFBAE" author="TSACAS, L." box="[144,490,1107,1129]" page="706" pageId="28" pageNumber="419" year="1974">
<taxonomicName id="4C546B80FFCEB34FEAF09E07FE3CFBAE" ID-CoL="32KZ2" authority=": Tsacas 1974: 706" authorityName=": Tsacas" authorityPageNumber="706" authorityYear="1974" box="[144,490,1107,1129]" class="Insecta" family="Curtonotidae" genus="Curtonotum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="419" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="keiseri">
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCEB34FEAF09E07FEE9FBAF" box="[144,319,1107,1129]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="419">Curtonotum keiseri</emphasis>
:
<materialsCitation id="3B3C1A5EFFCEB34FEB2B9E07FE3CFBAE" box="[331,490,1107,1129]" country="Madagascar" location="Joffreville" pageId="28" pageNumber="419" specimenCount="1">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC56DF2FFCEB34FEB2B9E07FE3CFBAE" author="TSACAS, L." box="[331,490,1107,1129]" pageId="28" pageNumber="419" pagination="703 - 719" refId="ref45946" refString="TSACAS, L. 1974. Etude preliminaire des Curtonotidae de Madagascar [Diptera]. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France (N. S.) 10: 703 - 719." type="journal article" year="1974">Tsacas 1974: 706</bibRefCitation>
</materialsCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, 707 (figs 2e–f).
<typeStatus id="54EFAEA1FFCEB34FE8E69E07FD65FBAE" box="[646,691,1108,1129]" pageId="28" pageNumber="419">Type</typeStatus>
locality: “
<collectingCountry id="F3435093FFCEB34FE9709E00FC57FBAE" box="[784,897,1107,1129]" name="Madagascar" pageId="28" pageNumber="419">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
,
<location id="8E8B46D8FFCEB34FE9EA9E00FC3AFBAE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FDA115FFCEB34CEBD89E50FD15FC89:8E8B46D8FFCEB34FE9EA9E00FC3AFBAE" box="[906,1004,1107,1129]" country="Madagascar" name="Joffreville" pageId="28" pageNumber="419">Joffreville</location>
”.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB1003FFCEB34FEAF09E2BFBEEFA75" blockId="28.[144,1104,1027,1674]" pageId="28" pageNumber="419">
Differential diagnosis: This species is closely related to
<taxonomicName id="4C546B80FFCEB34FE9739E2BFBCCFB55" ID-CoL="32KZT" authority="Tsacas" authorityName=": Tsacas" authorityYear="1974" box="[787,1050,1144,1170]" class="Insecta" family="Curtonotidae" genus="Curtonotum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="419" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stuckenbergi">
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCEB34FE9739E2BFCF0FB55" box="[787,806,1144,1170]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="419">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCEB34FE9569E2BFC12FB55" box="[822,964,1144,1170]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="419">stuckenbergi</emphasis>
Tsacas
</taxonomicName>
, differing in the colour of the frons (brown with distinct vittae in
<taxonomicName id="4C546B80FFCEB34FE93B9ECBFC1FFB75" ID-CoL="32KZ2" authorityName=": Tsacas" authorityYear="1974" box="[859,969,1176,1202]" class="Insecta" family="Curtonotidae" genus="Curtonotum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="419" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="keiseri">
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCEB34FE93B9ECBFCB8FB75" box="[859,878,1176,1202]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="419">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCEB34FE91E9ECBFC1FFB75" box="[894,969,1176,1202]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="419">keiseri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and yellow with indistinct vittae in
<taxonomicName id="4C546B80FFCEB34FEBC49EEBFD83FB15" ID-CoL="32KZT" authorityName=": Tsacas" authorityYear="1974" box="[420,597,1208,1234]" class="Insecta" family="Curtonotidae" genus="Curtonotum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="419" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stuckenbergi">
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCEB34FEBC49EEBFE61FB15" box="[420,439,1208,1234]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="419">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCEB34FEBA79EEBFD83FB15" box="[455,597,1208,1234]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="419">stuckenbergi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) the colour of flagellomere 1 and the shape of the male terminalia. Both share the deep brown, infuscate wing membrane, the dove-tailed sternite 6, and the straight, ventrally-directed, lateral spine and two smaller spines on the distiphallus.
<taxonomicName id="4C546B80FFCEB34FEBDF9F4BFD4DFAF5" ID-CoL="32KZ2" authorityName=": Tsacas" authorityYear="1974" box="[447,667,1304,1330]" class="Insecta" family="Curtonotidae" genus="Curtonotum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="419" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="keiseri">
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCEB34FEBDF9F4BFD4DFAF5" box="[447,667,1304,1330]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="419">Curtonotum keiseri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differ from
<taxonomicName id="4C546B80FFCEB34FE9499F4BFC0FFAF5" ID-CoL="32KZT" authorityName=": Tsacas" authorityYear="1974" box="[809,985,1304,1330]" class="Insecta" family="Curtonotidae" genus="Curtonotum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="419" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stuckenbergi">
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCEB34FE9499F4BFCEAFAF5" box="[809,828,1304,1330]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="419">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCEB34FE92B9F4BFC0FFAF5" box="[843,985,1304,1330]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="419">stuckenbergi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, however, in the angle and degree of curvature of the
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCEB34FE8129F6BFD6BFA95" box="[626,701,1336,1362]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="419">dm–cu</emphasis>
crossvein of the wing, in the lateral margins of the phallus being only moderately sclerotised, and in the smaller spines of the distiphallus positioned in the basolateral region, rather than the left and right lateral regions. The ranges of the two species do not overlap, and they occur allopatrically.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34E4388FFCEB34CEAF09F93FD15FC89" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="422" pageId="28" pageNumber="419" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BEB1003FFCEB34FEAF09F93FEE2FA1D" blockId="28.[144,1104,1027,1674]" box="[144,308,1472,1498]" pageId="28" pageNumber="419">Redescription:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB1003FFCEB34FEAF09FBBFD1BF9C5" blockId="28.[144,1104,1027,1674]" box="[144,717,1512,1538]" pageId="28" pageNumber="419">
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCEB34FEAF09FBBFF1CF9C5" box="[144,202,1512,1538]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="419">Male</emphasis>
(primarily based on field­pinned HT and PT).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB1003FFCEB34FEAF09C43FF19F94D" blockId="28.[144,1104,1027,1674]" pageId="28" pageNumber="419">
As redescribed for
<taxonomicName id="4C546B80FFCEB34FEB059C43FDC8F9ED" box="[357,542,1552,1579]" class="Insecta" family="Curtonotidae" genus="Curtonotum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="419" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balachowskyi">
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCEB34FEB059C43FEAEF9ED" box="[357,376,1552,1578]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="419">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCEB34FEBE69C43FDC8F9ED" box="[390,542,1552,1578]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="419">balachowskyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, differing in the following respects: Measurements: Total length
<quantity id="4CACBDE6FFCEB34FEBAF9C63FDC5F98C" box="[463,531,1584,1611]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="419" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
; length of head and thorax combined
<quantity id="4CACBDE6FFCEB34FE9DA9C63FC28F98C" box="[954,1022,1584,1611]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="419" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
; length of thorax and scutellum combined
<quantity id="4CACBDE6FFCEB34FE8459C03FDBFF9AC" box="[549,617,1616,1643]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="419" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCEB34FE81C9C02FD5CF9AD" box="[636,650,1617,1642]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="419">n</emphasis>
= 1, PT); wing length
<quantity id="4CACBDE6FFCEB34FE9FC9C03FC23F9AC" box="[924,1013,1616,1643]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="28" pageNumber="419" unit="mm" value="3.8">3.8 mm</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCEB34FEE689C02FBC0F9AD" box="[1032,1046,1617,1642]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="419">n</emphasis>
= 1, N-T).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB1003FFCFB34EEAD59A9FFC69FE01" blockId="29.[181,1142,204,454]" pageId="29" pageNumber="420">
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCFB34EEAD59A9FFF24FF21" box="[181,242,204,230]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="420">Head</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="136F0C86FFCFB34EEB639A9FFE9DFF21" box="[259,331,204,230]" captionStart="Figs 1–8" captionStartId="8.[144,183,1551,1573]" captionTargetBox="[151,1096,215,1528]" captionTargetId="figure-9@8.[151,1096,215,1528]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 1–8. Head and thorax (lateral view) of Curtonotum spp., males: (1) C. keiseri, PT, Mtge. D’Ambre, NHMB; (2) C. stuckenbergi, HT, Ambohitantely, NMHN; (3) C. sternithrix, HT, Antanambe, MNHN; (4) C. irwini sp. n., PT, Zombitse National Park, CAS; (5) C. parkeri sp. n., PT, same, CAS; (6) C. coronaeformis sp. n., PT, near Isalo National Park, CAS; (7) C. balachowskyi, HT, Fia Mananjary, MNHN; (8) C. gladiiformis sp. n., HT, Fianarantsoa, CAS. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8342932" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8342932/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="420">Figs 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136F0C86FFCFB34EEB3B9A9FFEACFF21" box="[347,378,204,230]" captionStart="Figs 14–26" captionStartId="17.[181,220,1486,1508]" captionTargetBox="[187,1132,432,1463]" captionTargetId="figure-214@17.[187,1132,432,1463]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figs 14–26. Frons (dorsal view) of Curtonotum spp., males: (14) C. keiseri, PT, Mtge. D’Ambre, NHMB; (15) C. stuckenbergi, HT, Ambohitantely, NMHN; (16) C. sternithrix, HT, Antanambe, MNHN; (17) C. irwini sp. n., HT, Zombitse National Park, CAS; (18) C. parkeri sp. n., HT, same, CAS; (19) C. coronaeformis sp.n., HT, Fianarantsoa, CAS; (20) C. balachowskyi, HT, Fia Mananjary, MNHN; (21) C. gladiiformis sp. n., HT, Fianarantsoa, CAS; (22) C. rinhatinana sp. n., HT,Ankarafantsika, CAS; (23) C. boeny, HT, Ambato-Boeni, MNHN; (24) C. griveaudi sp. n., HT, Asondrodava dry forest, CAS; (25) C. pauliani, N-T, Ankarafantsika, CAS; (26) C. sakalava, N-T, Andohahela National Park, CAS. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8342938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8342938/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="420">14</figureCitation>
). As described for
<taxonomicName id="4C546B80FFCFB34EE8349A9FFD29FF21" authority="Kirk-Spriggs, 2011" authorityName="Kirk-Spriggs" authorityYear="2011" box="[596,767,204,230]" class="Insecta" family="Curtonotidae" genus="Curtonotum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="420" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gladiiformis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCFB34EE8349A9FFDB1FF21" box="[596,615,204,230]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="420">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCFB34EE8169A9FFD29FF21" box="[630,767,204,230]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="420">gladiiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A213716AFFCFB34EE9689A9FFC91FF21" box="[776,839,204,230]" pageId="29" pageNumber="420" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, except: eye height/length ratio: 13:8 (
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCFB34EEB5F9ABFFE9BFEC2" box="[319,333,236,261]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="420">n</emphasis>
= 1, PT); frons (
<figureCitation id="136F0C86FFCFB34EE86F9ABFFDB5FEC1" box="[527,611,236,262]" captionStart="Figs 14–26" captionStartId="17.[181,220,1486,1508]" captionTargetBox="[187,1132,432,1463]" captionTargetId="figure-214@17.[187,1132,432,1463]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figs 14–26. Frons (dorsal view) of Curtonotum spp., males: (14) C. keiseri, PT, Mtge. D’Ambre, NHMB; (15) C. stuckenbergi, HT, Ambohitantely, NMHN; (16) C. sternithrix, HT, Antanambe, MNHN; (17) C. irwini sp. n., HT, Zombitse National Park, CAS; (18) C. parkeri sp. n., HT, same, CAS; (19) C. coronaeformis sp.n., HT, Fianarantsoa, CAS; (20) C. balachowskyi, HT, Fia Mananjary, MNHN; (21) C. gladiiformis sp. n., HT, Fianarantsoa, CAS; (22) C. rinhatinana sp. n., HT,Ankarafantsika, CAS; (23) C. boeny, HT, Ambato-Boeni, MNHN; (24) C. griveaudi sp. n., HT, Asondrodava dry forest, CAS; (25) C. pauliani, N-T, Ankarafantsika, CAS; (26) C. sakalava, N-T, Andohahela National Park, CAS. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8342938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8342938/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="420">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
), frons length/width ratio: 6:7 (
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCFB34EE9B09ABFFC08FEC2" box="[976,990,236,261]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="420">n</emphasis>
= 1, PT), orbital plates extending 0.9 length of frons; posterior orbital seta moderately strong, slightly shorter than outer vertical seta; flagellomere 1 yellow pruinose basally and along posterior margin, dark grey pruinose centrally and on anterior margin, arista with 10 or 11 long dorsal branches and 4 ventral branches in addition to terminal fork; gena narrow, eye height/genal height ratio: 12:1 (HT), silver pruinose, slightly darker beyond basal angle; vibrissae strongly developed; palpus pale brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB1003FFCFB34EEAD59B85FDF2FD17" blockId="29.[181,1142,470,952]" pageId="29" pageNumber="420">
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCFB34EEAD59B85FED0FE37" box="[181,262,470,496]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="420">Thorax</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="136F0C86FFCFB34EEB759B85FE80FE37" box="[277,342,470,496]" captionStart="Figs 1–8" captionStartId="8.[144,183,1551,1573]" captionTargetBox="[151,1096,215,1528]" captionTargetId="figure-9@8.[151,1096,215,1528]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 1–8. Head and thorax (lateral view) of Curtonotum spp., males: (1) C. keiseri, PT, Mtge. D’Ambre, NHMB; (2) C. stuckenbergi, HT, Ambohitantely, NMHN; (3) C. sternithrix, HT, Antanambe, MNHN; (4) C. irwini sp. n., PT, Zombitse National Park, CAS; (5) C. parkeri sp. n., PT, same, CAS; (6) C. coronaeformis sp. n., PT, near Isalo National Park, CAS; (7) C. balachowskyi, HT, Fia Mananjary, MNHN; (8) C. gladiiformis sp. n., HT, Fianarantsoa, CAS. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8342932" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8342932/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="420">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). Mesonotum with 2 median vittae wide, 2 lateral vittae shorter, clearly defined; supra­alar seta,
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCFB34EEBAA9BA4FE32FDD7" box="[458,484,503,528]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="420">ca</emphasis>
twice length of posterior dorsocentral seta; postalar setae, moderately strong, slightly exceeding length of acrostichal setae; postpronotum with 13 finer, black­brown setulae; anepisternum surface with 33 fine setulae, some larger and arranged in 2 groups of 3 and 5; anepimeron, laterotergite and meron silver-grey to yellow-grey pruinose; katepisternum silver-grey to yellow-grey pruinose, dorsal katepisternal seta
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCFB34EEB3C98C4FEA0FD77" box="[348,374,663,688]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="420">ca</emphasis>
0.3 length of ventral katepisternal seta, with 18 short, fine setulae at base and along posterior margin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB1003FFCFB34EEAB0988AFD2EFD33" blockId="29.[181,1142,470,952]" box="[208,760,729,756]" pageId="29" pageNumber="420">
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCFB34EEAB0988AFEE8FD34" box="[208,318,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="420">Scutellum</emphasis>
. As described for
<taxonomicName id="4C546B80FFCFB34EE86B988AFD63FD34" authority="Kirk-Spriggs, 2011" authorityName="Kirk-Spriggs" authorityYear="2011" box="[523,693,729,756]" class="Insecta" family="Curtonotidae" genus="Curtonotum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="420" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gladiiformis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCFB34EE86B988AFDC8FD34" box="[523,542,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="420">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCFB34EE84C988AFD63FD34" box="[556,693,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="420">gladiiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A213716AFFCFB34EE8DC9889FD2EFD33" box="[700,760,730,756]" pageId="29" pageNumber="420" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB1003FFCFB34EEAB098AFFC04FCF1" blockId="29.[181,1142,470,952]" pageId="29" pageNumber="420">
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCFB34EEAB098AFFED3FCD2" box="[208,261,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="420">Legs</emphasis>
. Fore coxa with 13 brown setulae on anterior surface; mid coxa with 6 brown setulae; fore tibia with ctenidium of 12–14 short, sharp, black spinules.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB1003FFCFB34EEAB0996CFEDEFC7F" blockId="29.[181,1142,470,952]" pageId="29" pageNumber="420">
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCFB34EEAB0996CFEDCFC9F" box="[208,266,831,856]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="420">Wing</emphasis>
(as in
<figureCitation id="136F0C86FFCFB34EEB3E996DFE62FC9F" box="[350,436,830,856]" captionStart="Figs 27–39" captionStartId="20.[144,183,1486,1508]" captionTargetBox="[154,1092,206,1459]" captionTargetId="figure-152@20.[151,1096,206,1464]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figs 27–39. Wing of Curtonotum spp., males, unless otherwise stated: (27) C. keiseri, N-T, Joffreville, TAU; (28) C. stuckenbergi, ♀ AT, Ambohitantely, NMSA; (29) C. sternithrix, PT, Manambato, NMSA; (30) C. irwini sp. n., PT, Zombitse National Park, CAS; (31) C. parkeri sp. n., HT, same, CAS; (32) C. coronaeformis sp. n., PT, near Isalo National Park, CAS; (33) C. balachowskyi, N-T, Asondrodava dry forest, CAS; (34) C. gladiiformis sp. n., PT, near Isalo National Park, CAS; (35) C. rinhatinana sp. n., HT, Ankarafantsika, CAS; (36) C. boeny, ♀ PT,Ambata­Boeni, MNHN; (37) C. griveaudi sp. n., N-T, Sambava Beach, TAU; (38) C. pauliani, N-T, Tsingy National Park, CAS; (39) C. sakalava, N-T, Berenty Special Reserve, CAS. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8342940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8342940/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="420">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
). Long and broad, tip evenly-rounded, veins chestnut-brown, membrane deep-brown infuscate throughout, darker in
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCFB34EE943990CFCE0FCB8" box="[803,822,863,895]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="420">r 1</emphasis>
and anterior half of
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCFB34EEE7F990CFB90FCB8" box="[1055,1094,863,895]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="420">r 2+3</emphasis>
and in region of
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCFB34EEB26992DFE47FC5F" box="[326,401,894,920]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="420">dm–cu</emphasis>
crossvein;
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCFB34EE874992DFD89FC5F" box="[532,607,894,920]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="420">dm–cu</emphasis>
crossvein with even arc dorsally; haltere dirty yellow.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB1003FFCFB34EEAD5999AFD86FAE4" blockId="29.[181,1142,969,1671]" pageId="29" pageNumber="420">
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCFB34EEAD5999AFEC9FC24" box="[181,287,969,995]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="420">Abdomen</emphasis>
. Tergite 1 with oblique, small, subrectangular brown-black pruinose dorsolateral macula on either side and narrow medial facia; tergite 2with larger subrectangular brown-black maculae and similar medial facia; tergites 3–5 with very wide, V-shaped concolourous median fascia and large concolourous T-shaped dorsolateral macula, these fully merging with medial fascia in anterior third, lateral margin of tergites 2–5 with subelliptical, large, concolourous macula in basal half; sternites 4–5 as described for
<taxonomicName id="4C546B80FFCFB34EEA819EDAFE7EFB64" authority="Kirk-Spriggs, 2011" authorityName="Kirk-Spriggs" authorityYear="2011" box="[225,424,1161,1188]" class="Insecta" family="Curtonotidae" genus="Curtonotum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="420" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coronaeformis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCFB34EEA819EDAFF22FB64" box="[225,244,1161,1187]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="420">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCFB34EEB669EDAFE7EFB64" box="[262,424,1161,1187]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="420">coronaeformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A213716AFFCFB34EEBD39ED9FE23FB63" box="[435,501,1162,1188]" pageId="29" pageNumber="420" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
; sternite 6 (
<figureCitation id="136F0C86FFCFB34EE8E59EDAFD0CFB64" box="[645,730,1161,1187]" captionStart="Figs 79–91" captionStartId="46.[144,183,1486,1508]" captionTargetBox="[146,1101,626,1466]" captionTargetId="figure-287@46.[144,1103,614,1472]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="Figs 79–91. Sternites 6 (79–85, 87–91) and 4–6 (86) of Curtonotum spp. males: (79) C. keiseri, N-T, Ambohitra, TAU; (80) C. stuckenbergi, HT, Ambohitantely, NMHN; (81) C. irwini sp. n., PT, Zombitse National Park, CAS; (82) C. parkeri sp. n., PT, same, CAS; (83) C. coronaeformis sp. n., PT, Fianarantsoa, CAS; (84) C. balachowskyi, N-T, same, CAS; (85) C. gladiiformis sp. n., N-T, same, CAS; (86) C. sternithrix, PT, Manambato, MNHN; (87) C. rinhatinana sp. n., HT, Ankarafantsika,CAS; (88) C. boeny, N-T, E. Bekopaka,CAS; (89) C. griveaudi sp.n., PT, Mahafaly Reserve, CAS; (90) C. pauliani, N-T, E. Bekopaka, CAS; (91) C. sakalava, N-T, Berenty Special Reserve, CAS. Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8342954" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8342954/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="420">Fig. 79</figureCitation>
) dove-tailed (may appear narrower than
<figureCitation id="136F0C86FFCFB34EEA8E9EFAFEE8FB04" box="[238,318,1193,1219]" captionStart="Figs 79–91" captionStartId="46.[144,183,1486,1508]" captionTargetBox="[146,1101,626,1466]" captionTargetId="figure-287@46.[144,1103,614,1472]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="Figs 79–91. Sternites 6 (79–85, 87–91) and 4–6 (86) of Curtonotum spp. males: (79) C. keiseri, N-T, Ambohitra, TAU; (80) C. stuckenbergi, HT, Ambohitantely, NMHN; (81) C. irwini sp. n., PT, Zombitse National Park, CAS; (82) C. parkeri sp. n., PT, same, CAS; (83) C. coronaeformis sp. n., PT, Fianarantsoa, CAS; (84) C. balachowskyi, N-T, same, CAS; (85) C. gladiiformis sp. n., N-T, same, CAS; (86) C. sternithrix, PT, Manambato, MNHN; (87) C. rinhatinana sp. n., HT, Ankarafantsika,CAS; (88) C. boeny, N-T, E. Bekopaka,CAS; (89) C. griveaudi sp.n., PT, Mahafaly Reserve, CAS; (90) C. pauliani, N-T, E. Bekopaka, CAS; (91) C. sakalava, N-T, Berenty Special Reserve, CAS. Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8342954" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8342954/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="420">
Fig.
<quantity id="4CACBDE6FFCFB34EEB429EFAFEE8FB04" box="[290,318,1193,1219]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0065999999999997" pageId="29" pageNumber="420" unit="in" value="79.0">79</quantity>
</figureCitation>
in undissected specimens), narrowed in basal third, with deep triangular excision apically, apical lobes evenly rounded, with dark brown maculae laterally, clothed in short, black, irregular, brown setulae in apical ⅔, those at lateral and apical margins longer and more prominent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB1003FFCFB34CEAB09F7FFBECFE41" blockId="29.[181,1142,969,1671]" lastBlockId="31.[181,1143,203,846]" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="422" pageId="29" pageNumber="420">
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCFB34EEAB09F7FFE9CFA81" box="[208,330,1324,1350]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="420">Terminalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="136F0C86FFCFB34EEB389F7FFDD6FA81" box="[344,512,1323,1350]" captionStart="Figs 55–63" captionStartId="30.[144,183,1510,1532]" captionTargetBox="[179,1075,425,1488]" captionTargetId="figure-194@30.[175,1077,418,1491]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figs 55–63. Male terminalia of Curtonotum spp.: (55–57) hypandrium and epandrium, lateral view: (55) C. keiseri, N-T, Ambohitra, TAU; (56) C. stuckenbergi, HT, Ambohitantely, NMHN; (57) C. sternithrix, PT, Manambato, MNHN; (58–60) phallus, right lateral view:(58) C. keiseri, ejaculatory apodeme missing; (59) C. stuckenbergi; (60) C. sternithrix; (61–63) basiphallus and distiphallus junction, dorsal view: (61) C. keiseri, ventrally-directed lateral spine indicated with arrow; (62) C. stuckenbergi, ventrally-directed lateral spine indicated with arrow; (63) C. sternithrix. Scale bars= 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8342946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8342946/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="420">Figs 55, 58, 61</figureCitation>
). Hypandrium (
<figureCitation id="136F0C86FFCFB34EE8CE9F7FFCD6FA81" box="[686,768,1323,1350]" captionStart="Figs 55–63" captionStartId="30.[144,183,1510,1532]" captionTargetBox="[179,1075,425,1488]" captionTargetId="figure-194@30.[175,1077,418,1491]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figs 55–63. Male terminalia of Curtonotum spp.: (55–57) hypandrium and epandrium, lateral view: (55) C. keiseri, N-T, Ambohitra, TAU; (56) C. stuckenbergi, HT, Ambohitantely, NMHN; (57) C. sternithrix, PT, Manambato, MNHN; (58–60) phallus, right lateral view:(58) C. keiseri, ejaculatory apodeme missing; (59) C. stuckenbergi; (60) C. sternithrix; (61–63) basiphallus and distiphallus junction, dorsal view: (61) C. keiseri, ventrally-directed lateral spine indicated with arrow; (62) C. stuckenbergi, ventrally-directed lateral spine indicated with arrow; (63) C. sternithrix. Scale bars= 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8342946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8342946/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="420">Fig. 55</figureCitation>
,
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCFB34EE96A9F7FFCF2FA81" box="[778,804,1324,1350]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="420">hy</emphasis>
) long, with broad-based rounded-truncate dorsobasal lobe, posterior bridge dorsally and ventrally produced (subtriangular to slightly angulate in profile); hypandrial arm constricted medially (viewed laterally), with 2 parallel setulae proximal to postgonite, of similar length (obscured by epandrium on
<figureCitation id="136F0C86FFCFB34EEB3A9FFFFE7BFA01" box="[346,429,1451,1478]" captionStart="Figs 55–63" captionStartId="30.[144,183,1510,1532]" captionTargetBox="[179,1075,425,1488]" captionTargetId="figure-194@30.[175,1077,418,1491]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figs 55–63. Male terminalia of Curtonotum spp.: (55–57) hypandrium and epandrium, lateral view: (55) C. keiseri, N-T, Ambohitra, TAU; (56) C. stuckenbergi, HT, Ambohitantely, NMHN; (57) C. sternithrix, PT, Manambato, MNHN; (58–60) phallus, right lateral view:(58) C. keiseri, ejaculatory apodeme missing; (59) C. stuckenbergi; (60) C. sternithrix; (61–63) basiphallus and distiphallus junction, dorsal view: (61) C. keiseri, ventrally-directed lateral spine indicated with arrow; (62) C. stuckenbergi, ventrally-directed lateral spine indicated with arrow; (63) C. sternithrix. Scale bars= 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8342946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8342946/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="420">Fig. 55</figureCitation>
), sclerotised area of medial lobes (viewed dorsally), with margins evenly rounded, convex medially, closely abutting, overlapping; postgonite (
<figureCitation id="136F0C86FFCFB34EEE289F9FFF05F9C1" captionStart="Figs 55–63" captionStartId="30.[144,183,1510,1532]" captionTargetBox="[179,1075,425,1488]" captionTargetId="figure-194@30.[175,1077,418,1491]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figs 55–63. Male terminalia of Curtonotum spp.: (55–57) hypandrium and epandrium, lateral view: (55) C. keiseri, N-T, Ambohitra, TAU; (56) C. stuckenbergi, HT, Ambohitantely, NMHN; (57) C. sternithrix, PT, Manambato, MNHN; (58–60) phallus, right lateral view:(58) C. keiseri, ejaculatory apodeme missing; (59) C. stuckenbergi; (60) C. sternithrix; (61–63) basiphallus and distiphallus junction, dorsal view: (61) C. keiseri, ventrally-directed lateral spine indicated with arrow; (62) C. stuckenbergi, ventrally-directed lateral spine indicated with arrow; (63) C. sternithrix. Scale bars= 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8342946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8342946/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="420">Fig. 55</figureCitation>
,
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCFB34EEABF9FBFFF2DF9C2" box="[223,251,1516,1541]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="420">pg</emphasis>
) long, thin and straight, with slight undulating anterior margin; epandrium (
<figureCitation id="136F0C86FFCFB34EEE289FBFFF05F9E1" captionStart="Figs 55–63" captionStartId="30.[144,183,1510,1532]" captionTargetBox="[179,1075,425,1488]" captionTargetId="figure-194@30.[175,1077,418,1491]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figs 55–63. Male terminalia of Curtonotum spp.: (55–57) hypandrium and epandrium, lateral view: (55) C. keiseri, N-T, Ambohitra, TAU; (56) C. stuckenbergi, HT, Ambohitantely, NMHN; (57) C. sternithrix, PT, Manambato, MNHN; (58–60) phallus, right lateral view:(58) C. keiseri, ejaculatory apodeme missing; (59) C. stuckenbergi; (60) C. sternithrix; (61–63) basiphallus and distiphallus junction, dorsal view: (61) C. keiseri, ventrally-directed lateral spine indicated with arrow; (62) C. stuckenbergi, ventrally-directed lateral spine indicated with arrow; (63) C. sternithrix. Scale bars= 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8342946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8342946/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="420">Fig. 55</figureCitation>
,
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCFB34EEA819C5FFF2DF9E2" box="[225,251,1548,1573]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="420">ep</emphasis>
) slightly broader dorsally than ventrally (viewed laterally), evenly rounded on dorsal margin, posterior margin slightly angled, ventral margin with extensive row of long, regular to irregular, apically-directed setae; cercus (
<figureCitation id="136F0C86FFCFB34EE9229C1FFC40F9A1" box="[834,918,1611,1638]" captionStart="Figs 55–63" captionStartId="30.[144,183,1510,1532]" captionTargetBox="[179,1075,425,1488]" captionTargetId="figure-194@30.[175,1077,418,1491]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figs 55–63. Male terminalia of Curtonotum spp.: (55–57) hypandrium and epandrium, lateral view: (55) C. keiseri, N-T, Ambohitra, TAU; (56) C. stuckenbergi, HT, Ambohitantely, NMHN; (57) C. sternithrix, PT, Manambato, MNHN; (58–60) phallus, right lateral view:(58) C. keiseri, ejaculatory apodeme missing; (59) C. stuckenbergi; (60) C. sternithrix; (61–63) basiphallus and distiphallus junction, dorsal view: (61) C. keiseri, ventrally-directed lateral spine indicated with arrow; (62) C. stuckenbergi, ventrally-directed lateral spine indicated with arrow; (63) C. sternithrix. Scale bars= 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8342946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8342946/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="420">Fig. 55</figureCitation>
,
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCFB34EE9C49C1FFC6BF9A2" box="[932,957,1612,1637]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="420">ce</emphasis>
) not prominent, longest setae longer than setae on dorsal margin of epandrium; surstylus (
<figureCitation id="136F0C86FFCFB34EE9969C3FFB9FF940" box="[1014,1097,1644,1671]" captionStart="Figs 55–63" captionStartId="30.[144,183,1510,1532]" captionTargetBox="[179,1075,425,1488]" captionTargetId="figure-194@30.[175,1077,418,1491]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figs 55–63. Male terminalia of Curtonotum spp.: (55–57) hypandrium and epandrium, lateral view: (55) C. keiseri, N-T, Ambohitra, TAU; (56) C. stuckenbergi, HT, Ambohitantely, NMHN; (57) C. sternithrix, PT, Manambato, MNHN; (58–60) phallus, right lateral view:(58) C. keiseri, ejaculatory apodeme missing; (59) C. stuckenbergi; (60) C. sternithrix; (61–63) basiphallus and distiphallus junction, dorsal view: (61) C. keiseri, ventrally-directed lateral spine indicated with arrow; (62) C. stuckenbergi, ventrally-directed lateral spine indicated with arrow; (63) C. sternithrix. Scale bars= 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8342946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8342946/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="420">Fig. 55</figureCitation>
,
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCFB34EEE369C3EFBBAF941" box="[1110,1132,1645,1670]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="420">ss</emphasis>
) long, widest basally, slightly curved in apical ⅔; phallus (as in
<figureCitation id="136F0C86FFCCB34DE92E9A9FFC75FF21" box="[846,931,203,230]" captionStart="Figs 55–63" captionStartId="30.[144,183,1510,1532]" captionTargetBox="[179,1075,425,1488]" captionTargetId="figure-194@30.[175,1077,418,1491]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figs 55–63. Male terminalia of Curtonotum spp.: (55–57) hypandrium and epandrium, lateral view: (55) C. keiseri, N-T, Ambohitra, TAU; (56) C. stuckenbergi, HT, Ambohitantely, NMHN; (57) C. sternithrix, PT, Manambato, MNHN; (58–60) phallus, right lateral view:(58) C. keiseri, ejaculatory apodeme missing; (59) C. stuckenbergi; (60) C. sternithrix; (61–63) basiphallus and distiphallus junction, dorsal view: (61) C. keiseri, ventrally-directed lateral spine indicated with arrow; (62) C. stuckenbergi, ventrally-directed lateral spine indicated with arrow; (63) C. sternithrix. Scale bars= 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8342946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8342946/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="421">Figs 58</figureCitation>
,
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCCB34DE9CF9A9FFC1DFF21" box="[943,971,204,230]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="421">ph</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCCB34DE9B99A9FFC23FF21" box="[985,1013,204,230]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="421">bp</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCCB34DEE639A9FFBC9FF21" box="[1027,1055,204,230]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="421">dp</emphasis>
, 61,
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCCB34DEAF09ABFFF7AFEC1" box="[144,172,236,262]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="421">bp</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCCB34DEADA9ABFFF00FEC1" box="[186,214,236,262]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="421">dp</emphasis>
) C-shaped, moderately sclerotised, brown; phallapodeme (
<figureCitation id="136F0C86FFCCB34DE90B9ABFFC68FEC1" box="[875,958,235,262]" captionStart="Figs 55–63" captionStartId="30.[144,183,1510,1532]" captionTargetBox="[179,1075,425,1488]" captionTargetId="figure-194@30.[175,1077,418,1491]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figs 55–63. Male terminalia of Curtonotum spp.: (55–57) hypandrium and epandrium, lateral view: (55) C. keiseri, N-T, Ambohitra, TAU; (56) C. stuckenbergi, HT, Ambohitantely, NMHN; (57) C. sternithrix, PT, Manambato, MNHN; (58–60) phallus, right lateral view:(58) C. keiseri, ejaculatory apodeme missing; (59) C. stuckenbergi; (60) C. sternithrix; (61–63) basiphallus and distiphallus junction, dorsal view: (61) C. keiseri, ventrally-directed lateral spine indicated with arrow; (62) C. stuckenbergi, ventrally-directed lateral spine indicated with arrow; (63) C. sternithrix. Scale bars= 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8342946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8342946/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="421">Fig. 58</figureCitation>
,
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCCB34DE9AA9ABFFC30FEC1" box="[970,998,236,262]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="421">ph</emphasis>
) fused to basiphallus, subtriangular (viewed laterally), with basal margin developed into two flat, broad, subtriangular projections in basal fifth, bifurcated at point of connection with hypandrium; ejaculatory apodeme (
<figureCitation id="136F0C86FFCCB34DE8059B1FFD6DFEA1" box="[613,699,331,358]" captionStart="Figs 55–63" captionStartId="30.[144,183,1510,1532]" captionTargetBox="[179,1075,425,1488]" captionTargetId="figure-194@30.[175,1077,418,1491]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figs 55–63. Male terminalia of Curtonotum spp.: (55–57) hypandrium and epandrium, lateral view: (55) C. keiseri, N-T, Ambohitra, TAU; (56) C. stuckenbergi, HT, Ambohitantely, NMHN; (57) C. sternithrix, PT, Manambato, MNHN; (58–60) phallus, right lateral view:(58) C. keiseri, ejaculatory apodeme missing; (59) C. stuckenbergi; (60) C. sternithrix; (61–63) basiphallus and distiphallus junction, dorsal view: (61) C. keiseri, ventrally-directed lateral spine indicated with arrow; (62) C. stuckenbergi, ventrally-directed lateral spine indicated with arrow; (63) C. sternithrix. Scale bars= 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8342946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8342946/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="421">Fig. 58</figureCitation>
,
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCCB34DE8AB9B1FFD33FEA2" box="[715,741,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="421">ea</emphasis>
) free, duct inserted at junction of phallapodeme and basiphallus (missing from specimens illustrated in
<figureCitation id="136F0C86FFCCB34DE9A39B3FFBC0FE41" box="[963,1046,363,390]" captionStart="Figs 55–63" captionStartId="30.[144,183,1510,1532]" captionTargetBox="[179,1075,425,1488]" captionTargetId="figure-194@30.[175,1077,418,1491]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figs 55–63. Male terminalia of Curtonotum spp.: (55–57) hypandrium and epandrium, lateral view: (55) C. keiseri, N-T, Ambohitra, TAU; (56) C. stuckenbergi, HT, Ambohitantely, NMHN; (57) C. sternithrix, PT, Manambato, MNHN; (58–60) phallus, right lateral view:(58) C. keiseri, ejaculatory apodeme missing; (59) C. stuckenbergi; (60) C. sternithrix; (61–63) basiphallus and distiphallus junction, dorsal view: (61) C. keiseri, ventrally-directed lateral spine indicated with arrow; (62) C. stuckenbergi, ventrally-directed lateral spine indicated with arrow; (63) C. sternithrix. Scale bars= 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8342946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8342946/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="421">Fig. 58</figureCitation>
); basiphallus (
<figureCitation id="136F0C86FFCDB34CEB4C9A9FFE55FF21" box="[300,387,203,230]" captionStart="Figs 55–63" captionStartId="30.[144,183,1510,1532]" captionTargetBox="[179,1075,425,1488]" captionTargetId="figure-194@30.[175,1077,418,1491]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figs 55–63. Male terminalia of Curtonotum spp.: (55–57) hypandrium and epandrium, lateral view: (55) C. keiseri, N-T, Ambohitra, TAU; (56) C. stuckenbergi, HT, Ambohitantely, NMHN; (57) C. sternithrix, PT, Manambato, MNHN; (58–60) phallus, right lateral view:(58) C. keiseri, ejaculatory apodeme missing; (59) C. stuckenbergi; (60) C. sternithrix; (61–63) basiphallus and distiphallus junction, dorsal view: (61) C. keiseri, ventrally-directed lateral spine indicated with arrow; (62) C. stuckenbergi, ventrally-directed lateral spine indicated with arrow; (63) C. sternithrix. Scale bars= 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8342946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8342946/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">Fig. 58</figureCitation>
,
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCDB34CEBF39A9FFE79FF21" box="[403,431,204,230]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">bp</emphasis>
) broad basally and in region of first bend, then narrowed to apex, markedly narrowed in apical third (viewed dorsally); apical section (
<figureCitation id="136F0C86FFCDB34CE9919ABFFBA6FEC2" box="[1009,1136,235,262]" captionStart="Figs 55–63" captionStartId="30.[144,183,1510,1532]" captionTargetBox="[179,1075,425,1488]" captionTargetId="figure-194@30.[175,1077,418,1491]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figs 55–63. Male terminalia of Curtonotum spp.: (55–57) hypandrium and epandrium, lateral view: (55) C. keiseri, N-T, Ambohitra, TAU; (56) C. stuckenbergi, HT, Ambohitantely, NMHN; (57) C. sternithrix, PT, Manambato, MNHN; (58–60) phallus, right lateral view:(58) C. keiseri, ejaculatory apodeme missing; (59) C. stuckenbergi; (60) C. sternithrix; (61–63) basiphallus and distiphallus junction, dorsal view: (61) C. keiseri, ventrally-directed lateral spine indicated with arrow; (62) C. stuckenbergi, ventrally-directed lateral spine indicated with arrow; (63) C. sternithrix. Scale bars= 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8342946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8342946/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">Figs 58, 61</figureCitation>
,
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCDB34CEAD59B5FFF07FEE1" box="[181,209,268,294]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">bp</emphasis>
) broad basally, sclerotised area extensive, abruptly narrowed towards apex, basal section with membranous window, with one narrow, but strong, straight, ventrally directed lateral spine (arrowed on
<figureCitation id="136F0C86FFCDB34CE8479B1FFDAFFEA1" box="[551,633,332,358]" captionStart="Figs 55–63" captionStartId="30.[144,183,1510,1532]" captionTargetBox="[179,1075,425,1488]" captionTargetId="figure-194@30.[175,1077,418,1491]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figs 55–63. Male terminalia of Curtonotum spp.: (55–57) hypandrium and epandrium, lateral view: (55) C. keiseri, N-T, Ambohitra, TAU; (56) C. stuckenbergi, HT, Ambohitantely, NMHN; (57) C. sternithrix, PT, Manambato, MNHN; (58–60) phallus, right lateral view:(58) C. keiseri, ejaculatory apodeme missing; (59) C. stuckenbergi; (60) C. sternithrix; (61–63) basiphallus and distiphallus junction, dorsal view: (61) C. keiseri, ventrally-directed lateral spine indicated with arrow; (62) C. stuckenbergi, ventrally-directed lateral spine indicated with arrow; (63) C. sternithrix. Scale bars= 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8342946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8342946/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">Fig. 61</figureCitation>
) and two smaller spines, positioned in basolateral region, left margin of sclerotised area with irregular row of small tubules.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF2B408BFFCCB34DEAF09FB5FECAF94B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8342946" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8342946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8342946/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="421" startId="30.[144,183,1510,1532]" targetBox="[179,1075,425,1488]" targetPageId="30" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BEB1003FFCCB34DEAF09FB5FECAF94B" blockId="30.[144,1105,1510,1676]" pageId="30" pageNumber="421">
Figs 55–63. Male terminalia of
<taxonomicName id="4C546B80FFCCB34DEBA79FB4FDB1FA3B" box="[455,615,1511,1532]" class="Insecta" family="Curtonotidae" genus="Curtonotum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="421" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCCB34DEBA79FB4FDE3FA3B" box="[455,565,1511,1532]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="421">Curtonotum</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
: (55–57) hypandrium and epandrium, lateral view: (55)
<taxonomicName id="4C546B80FFCCB34DEA9C9FACFE82F9D4" authorityName=": Tsacas" authorityYear="1974" box="[252,340,1534,1556]" class="Insecta" family="Curtonotidae" genus="Curtonotum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="421" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="keiseri">
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCCB34DEA9C9FACFEDDF9D3" box="[252,267,1535,1556]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="421">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCCB34DEB789FADFE82F9D4" box="[280,340,1534,1555]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="421">keiseri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, N-T, Ambohitra, TAU; (56)
<taxonomicName id="4C546B80FFCCB34DE8059FACFBD2F9D3" authority=", HT, Ambohitantely, NMHN" authorityName="HT, Ambohitantely, NMHN" box="[613,1028,1534,1556]" class="Insecta" family="Curtonotidae" genus="Curtonotum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="421" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stuckenbergi">
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCCB34DE8059FACFDA2F9D3" box="[613,628,1535,1556]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="421">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCCB34DE8E19FADFD22F9D4" box="[641,756,1534,1555]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="421">stuckenbergi</emphasis>
, HT, Ambohitantely, NMHN
</taxonomicName>
; (57)
<taxonomicName id="4C546B80FFCCB34DEE5B9FACFDCCF9EB" authority=", PT, Manambato, MNHN" authorityName="PT, Manambato, MNHN" class="Insecta" family="Curtonotidae" genus="Curtonotum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="421" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sternithrix">
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCCB34DEE5B9FACFB9CF9D3" box="[1083,1098,1535,1556]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="421">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCCB34DEAB09C45FEF8F9EC" box="[208,302,1558,1579]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="421">sternithrix</emphasis>
, PT, Manambato, MNHN
</taxonomicName>
; (58–60) phallus, right lateral view: (58)
<taxonomicName id="4C546B80FFCCB34DE9EB9C44FC36F9EC" authorityName=": Tsacas" authorityYear="1974" box="[907,992,1558,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Curtonotidae" genus="Curtonotum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="421" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="keiseri">
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCCB34DE9EB9C44FC4CF9EB" box="[907,922,1559,1580]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="421">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCCB34DE9C49C45FC36F9EC" box="[932,992,1558,1579]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="421">keiseri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, ejaculatory apodeme missing; (59)
<taxonomicName id="4C546B80FFCCB34DEBCB9C7CFDEDF984" box="[427,571,1582,1604]" class="Insecta" family="Curtonotidae" genus="Curtonotum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="421" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stuckenbergi">
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCCB34DEBCB9C7CFE6CF983" box="[427,442,1583,1604]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="421">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCCB34DEBA89C7DFDEDF984" box="[456,571,1582,1603]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="421">stuckenbergi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; (60)
<taxonomicName id="4C546B80FFCCB34DE8179C7CFD27F984" box="[631,753,1582,1604]" class="Insecta" family="Curtonotidae" genus="Curtonotum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="421" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sternithrix">
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCCB34DE8179C7CFD50F983" box="[631,646,1583,1604]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="421">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCCB34DE8F39C7DFD27F984" box="[659,753,1582,1603]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="421">sternithrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; (61–63) basiphallus and distiphallus junction, dorsal view: (61)
<taxonomicName id="4C546B80FFCCB34DEBA79C14FDC8F99C" authorityName=": Tsacas" authorityYear="1974" box="[455,542,1606,1628]" class="Insecta" family="Curtonotidae" genus="Curtonotum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="421" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="keiseri">
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCCB34DEBA79C14FE00F99B" box="[455,470,1607,1628]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="421">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCCB34DEB829C15FDC8F99C" box="[482,542,1606,1627]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="421">keiseri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, ventrally-directed lateral spine indicated with arrow; (62)
<taxonomicName id="4C546B80FFCCB34DEE5B9C14FE95F9B4" class="Insecta" family="Curtonotidae" genus="Curtonotum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="421" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stuckenbergi">
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCCB34DEE5B9C14FB9CF99B" box="[1083,1098,1607,1628]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="421">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCCB34DEAB09C0DFE95F9B4" box="[208,323,1630,1651]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="421">stuckenbergi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, ventrally-directed lateral spine indicated with arrow; (63)
<taxonomicName id="4C546B80FFCCB34DE93E9C0CFC01F9B4" box="[862,983,1630,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Curtonotidae" genus="Curtonotum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="421" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sternithrix">
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCCB34DE93E9C0CFCBBF9B3" box="[862,877,1631,1652]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="421">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCCB34DE9199C0DFC01F9B4" box="[889,983,1630,1651]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="421">sternithrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BEB1003FFCDB34CEAD59BC7FCADFE69" blockId="31.[181,1143,203,846]" box="[181,891,404,430]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">Variation: Insufficient material is available to assess variability.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB1003FFCDB34CEAD59BE4FDA9FD82" blockId="31.[181,1143,203,846]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">
<materialsCitation id="3B3C1A5EFFCDB34CEAD59BE4FDA9FD82" collectionCode="MNHN" collectorName="A. H. Kirk-Spriggs" country="Madagascar" location="MADAGASCAR" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" specimenCount="60" specimenCount-male="2" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54EFAEA1FFCDB34CEAD59BE4FEDFFE0A" box="[181,265,439,461]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
(examined):
<specimenCount id="9D52DB8AFFCDB34CEBE19BEBFE44FE0A" box="[385,402,440,461]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
<collectingCountry id="F3435093FFCDB34CEBF79BE4FDEAFE0B" box="[407,572,439,460]" name="Madagascar" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">MADAGASCAR</collectingCountry>
: “
<collectingCountry id="F3435093FFCDB34CE82B9BE4FD23FE0B" box="[587,757,439,460]" name="Madagascar" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">MADAGASCAR</collectingCountry>
.D.­S. / Joffreville / 25.V.[19]
<specimenCount id="9D52DB8AFFCDB34CE9939BE4FBF4FE0A" box="[1011,1058,439,461]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" type="generic">58 F.</specimenCount>
KEISER [pink paper] //
<typeStatus id="54EFAEA1FFCDB34CEB209B9CFE6EFE23" box="[320,440,463,484]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
[red card] //
<taxonomicName id="4C546B80FFCDB34CE8529B9CFD06FE23" authorityName=": Macquart" authorityYear="1844" box="[562,720,463,484]" class="Insecta" family="Curtonotidae" genus="Curtonotum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">CURTONOTUM</taxonomicName>
/
<taxonomicName id="4C546B80FFCDB34CE8849B9CFCF6FE23" authority="Kirk-Spriggs, 2011" authorityName="Kirk-Spriggs" authorityYear="2011" box="[740,800,463,484]" class="Insecta" family="Curtonotidae" genus="Curtonotum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="keiseri" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCDB34CE8849B9CFCF6FE23" box="[740,800,463,484]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">keiseri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A213716AFFCDB34CE9479B83FC85FE22" box="[807,851,464,485]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" rank="species">n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
/
<typeStatus id="54EFAEA1FFCDB34CE9069B9CFC6CFE22" box="[870,954,463,485]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
/ L. TSACAS DET. 1973 [printed &amp; handwritten] // BM [handwritten] // MUSÉUM PARIS //
<taxonomicName id="4C546B80FFCDB34CE9329BBBFC16FE3A" authorityName=": Macquart" authorityYear="1844" box="[850,960,488,509]" class="Insecta" family="Curtonotidae" genus="Curtonotum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCDB34CE9329BBBFC16FE3A" box="[850,960,488,509]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">Curtonotum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/
<taxonomicName id="4C546B80FFCDB34CE9B09BB4FBDAFE3B" authorityName="Kirk-Spriggs" authorityYear="2011" box="[976,1036,487,508]" class="Insecta" family="Curtonotidae" genus="Curtonotum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="keiseri">
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCDB34CE9B09BB4FBDAFE3B" box="[976,1036,487,508]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">keiseri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<specimenCount id="9D52DB8AFFCDB34CEE729BBBFBF5FE3A" box="[1042,1059,488,509]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
/
<bibRefCitation id="EFC56DF2FFCDB34CEE549BBBFF34FDD3" author="TSACAS, L." pageId="31" pageNumber="422" pagination="703 - 719" refId="ref45946" refString="TSACAS, L. 1974. Etude preliminaire des Curtonotidae de Madagascar [Diptera]. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France (N. S.) 10: 703 - 719." type="journal article" year="1974">Tsacas, 1974</bibRefCitation>
/
<collectorName id="26A175D5FFCDB34CEA939BACFE4CFDD2" box="[243,410,511,533]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">A.H. Kirk-Spriggs</collectorName>
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCDB34CEBC09BACFE1EFDD3" box="[416,456,511,532]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">vidit</emphasis>
2006” [head missing] (
<collectionCode id="ED4588C6FFCDB34CE8FC9BACFD31FDD3" box="[668,743,511,532]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">MNHN</collectionCode>
). In poor condition, head and all legs except left fore femur, fore tibia, left hind femur and hind tibia missing; direct-pinned; dissected, abdomen and terminalia in micro-vial pinned beneath specimen.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB1003FFCDB34CEAD59803FD48FD23" blockId="31.[181,1143,203,846]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">
<materialsCitation id="3B3C1A5EFFCDB34CEAD59803FBA4FD53" collectionCode="NHMB" collectorName="A. H. Kirk-Spriggs" country="Madagascar" location="MADAGASCAR" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" specimenCount="60" specimenCount-male="2" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="54EFAEA1FFCDB34CEAD59803FEDEFDA2" box="[181,264,592,613]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCount id="9D52DB8AFFCDB34CEB729803FEF5FDA2" box="[274,291,592,613]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
“
<collectingCountry id="F3435093FFCDB34CEB52981CFE0AFDA3" box="[306,476,591,612]" name="Madagascar" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">MADAGASCAR</collectingCountry>
.D.­S. / Mtge. D’Ambre [= Montagne d’Ambre] / 24.V.[19]
<specimenCount id="9D52DB8AFFCDB34CE996981CFBF0FDA3" box="[1014,1062,591,613]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" type="generic">58 F.</specimenCount>
KEISER [pink paper] //
<typeStatus id="54EFAEA1FFCDB34CEB599834FE7CFDBB" box="[313,426,615,636]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" type="paratype">PARATYPE</typeStatus>
[red card] //
<taxonomicName id="4C546B80FFCDB34CE87B9834FD6FFDBB" authorityName=": Macquart" authorityYear="1844" box="[539,697,615,636]" class="Insecta" family="Curtonotidae" genus="Curtonotum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">CURTONOTUM</taxonomicName>
/
<taxonomicName id="4C546B80FFCDB34CE8A99834FCD3FDBB" authority="Kirk-Spriggs, 2011" authorityName="Kirk-Spriggs" authorityYear="2011" box="[713,773,615,636]" class="Insecta" family="Curtonotidae" genus="Curtonotum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="keiseri" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCDB34CE8A99834FCD3FDBB" box="[713,773,615,636]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">keiseri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A213716AFFCDB34CE969983BFCE3FDBA" box="[777,821,616,637]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" rank="species">n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
/
<typeStatus id="54EFAEA1FFCDB34CE923983BFC47FDBA" box="[835,913,616,637]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
/ L. TSACAS DET. 1973 [printed &amp; handwritten] //
<taxonomicName id="4C546B80FFCDB34CEBC398D3FDC7FD52" authorityName=": Macquart" authorityYear="1844" box="[419,529,640,661]" class="Insecta" family="Curtonotidae" genus="Curtonotum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCDB34CEBC398D3FDC7FD52" box="[419,529,640,661]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">Curtonotum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/
<taxonomicName id="4C546B80FFCDB34CE841982CFD8BFD53" authorityName="Kirk-Spriggs" authorityYear="2011" box="[545,605,639,660]" class="Insecta" family="Curtonotidae" genus="Curtonotum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="keiseri">
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCDB34CE841982CFD8BFD53" box="[545,605,639,660]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">keiseri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<specimenCount id="9D52DB8AFFCDB34CE80398D3FDA2FD52" box="[611,628,640,661]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
/
<bibRefCitation id="EFC56DF2FFCDB34CE8E398D3FD21FD53" author="TSACAS, L." box="[643,759,639,661]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" pagination="703 - 719" refId="ref45946" refString="TSACAS, L. 1974. Etude preliminaire des Curtonotidae de Madagascar [Diptera]. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France (N. S.) 10: 703 - 719." type="journal article" year="1974">Tsacas, 1974</bibRefCitation>
/
<collectorName id="26A175D5FFCDB34CE967982CFC78FD52" box="[775,942,639,661]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">A.H. Kirk­Spriggs</collectorName>
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCDB34CE9D3982CFC0DFD53" box="[947,987,639,660]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">vidit</emphasis>
2008” (
<collectionCode id="ED4588C6FFCDB34CEE43982CFBBAFD53" box="[1059,1132,639,660]" country="0" name="Natural History Museum Bucharest" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">NHMB</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B3C1A5EFFCDB34CEAD698CCFD4CFD23" collectingDate="1991-04-09" collectingDateMax="1991-04-12" collectingDateMin="1991-04-09" collectionCode="TAU" collectorName="A. Freidberg &amp; Fini Kaplan" country="Madagascar" county="Joffreville" determinerName="A. H. Kirk-Spriggs" elevation="800" location="Other" municipality="Ambohitra" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2">
<location id="8E8B46D8FFCDB34CEAD698CCFF3CFD72" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FDA115FFCEB34CEBD89E50FD15FC89:8E8B46D8FFCDB34CEAD698CCFF3CFD72" box="[182,234,671,693]" country="Madagascar" county="Joffreville" municipality="Ambohitra" name="Other" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">Other</location>
material examined (labelled: “
<taxonomicName id="4C546B80FFCDB34CE86998F3FCEEFD73" authority="Tsacas, 1974" authorityName=": Tsacas" authorityYear="1974" box="[521,824,671,693]" class="Insecta" family="Curtonotidae" genus="Curtonotum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="keiseri">
<emphasis id="B920CC11FFCDB34CE86998F3FD6CFD73" box="[521,698,671,693]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">Curtonotum keiseri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC56DF2FFCDB34CE8A298F3FCEEFD73" author="TSACAS, L." box="[706,824,671,693]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" pagination="703 - 719" refId="ref45946" refString="TSACAS, L. 1974. Etude preliminaire des Curtonotidae de Madagascar [Diptera]. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France (N. S.) 10: 703 - 719." type="journal article" year="1974">Tsacas, 1974</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<specimenCount id="9D52DB8AFFCDB34CE92098F3FC87FD72" box="[832,849,672,693]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
det.
<determinerName id="7E37FCC7FFCDB34CE9E098CCFBFFFD72" box="[896,1065,671,693]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">A.H. Kirk­Spriggs</determinerName>
2011”):
<collectingCountry id="F3435093FFCDB34CEAD698E4FE8DFD0B" box="[182,347,695,716]" name="Madagascar" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">MADAGASCAR</collectingCountry>
:
<specimenCount id="9D52DB8AFFCDB34CEB0498E4FE56FD0B" box="[356,384,695,716]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
Madagascar N.,
<collectingMunicipality id="6B8F8A79FFCDB34CE87C98E4FD57FD0A" box="[540,641,695,717]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">Ambohitra</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="628A688FFFCDB34CE8EB98E4FD3CFD0A" box="[651,746,695,717]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">Joffreville</collectingCounty>
,
<quantity id="4CACBDE6FFCDB34CE89498E4FCE7FD0A" box="[756,817,695,717]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" unit="m" value="800.0">
<elevation id="0079F730FFCDB34CE89498E4FCE7FD0A" box="[756,817,695,717]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" unit="m" value="800.0">800 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FFEA36C3FFCDB34CE95B98E4FC62FD0A" box="[827,948,695,717]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" value="1991-04-09" valueMax="1991-04-12" valueMin="1991-04-09">
<collectingDate id="EFAECF2BFFCDB34CE95B98E4FC62FD0A" box="[827,948,695,717]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422" value="1991-04-09" valueMax="1991-04-12" valueMin="1991-04-09">9–12.iv.1991</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26A175D5FFCDB34CE9DD98E4FBE4FD0A" box="[957,1074,695,717]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">A. Freidberg</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26A175D5FFCDB34CEE3198E4FF21FD22" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">Fini Kaplan</collectorName>
[left wing detached and glued to card] (
<collectionCode id="ED4588C6FFCDB34CE802989CFD42FD23" box="[610,660,719,740]" country="Israel" name="Tel-Aviv University" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">TAU</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB1003FFCDB34CEAD598A7FD15FC89" blockId="31.[181,1143,203,846]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">
Distribution (
<figureCitation id="136F0C86FFCDB34CEB2C98A7FE76FCC9" box="[332,416,756,782]" captionStart="Figs 92–96" captionStartId="51.[181,220,1630,1652]" captionTargetBox="[189,1134,542,1610]" captionTargetId="figure-162@51.[189,1134,542,1610]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="Figs 92–96. Distribution of Malagasy Curtonotom spp.: (92) C. keiseri; (93) C. stuckenbergi; (94) C. sternithrix; (95) C. irwini sp. n.; (96) C. parkeri sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8342956" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8342956/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">Fig. 92</figureCitation>
): Apparently confined to the Humid Forest vegetation
<typeStatus id="54EFAEA1FFCDB34CEE6098A7FBE6FCC9" box="[1024,1072,756,782]" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">type</typeStatus>
in the Evergreen Rainforest biome. In the North biogeographical zone and Dry bioclimatic zone (
<figureCitation id="136F0C86FFCDB34CEA999967FE4EFC89" box="[249,408,819,846]" captionStart="Figs 105–107" captionStartId="54.[144,183,783,805]" captionTargetBox="[155,1083,217,767]" captionTargetId="figure-361@54.[151,1096,204,767]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="Figs 105–107. (105) The biomes of Madagascar (after Yoder &amp; Nowak 2006); (106) biogeographic zonation of Madagascar, following Boumans et al. (2007) and partly Wilmé et al. (2006) (after Glaw &amp; Vences 2007); (107) bioclimatic zonation of Madagascar, following Cornet (1974) and Schatz (2000) (after Glaw &amp; Vences 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8342964" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8342964/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="422">Figs 105–107</figureCitation>
; Tables 1–3; Appendix II).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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