<documentid="678FFDABC3A2F6F9DD5B97010A02543A"ID-CLB-Dataset="3587"ID-DOI="10.5252/geodiversitas2021v43a20"ID-GBIF-Dataset="8e41f2cf-1620-45db-847c-54fc788f51ad"ID-ISSN="1638-9395"ID-Zenodo-Dep="5679113"ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:04F82471-9F26-4935-97CE-1A286E08C958"IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe"IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe"IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="guilherme"IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe"checkinTime="1636557091778"checkinUser="felipe"docAuthor="Luján, Àngel H., Čerňanský, Andrej, Bonilla-Salomón, Isaac, Březina, Jakub & Ivanov, Martin"docDate="2021"docId="523F87B8FF91DC57FC75FDCAE539F911"docLanguage="en"docName="Geodiversitas.43.20.691-707.pdf"docOrigin="Geodiversitas 43 (20)"docStyle="DocumentStyle:F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00.4:Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article"docStyleId="F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00"docStyleName="Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article"docStyleVersion="4"docTitle="Ptychogaster (Ptychogaster)"docType="treatment"docVersion="10"lastPageNumber="698"masterDocId="AE06FFC0FF94DC5EFFA7FFFCE63EFF9C"masterDocTitle="Fossil turtles from the early Miocene localities of Mokrá-Quarry (Burdigalian, MN 4), South Moravian Region, Czech Republic"masterLastPageNumber="707"masterPageNumber="691"pageNumber="694"updateTime="1728566026018"updateUser="guilherme"zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0"zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0">
<mods:titleid="A70B88D15DAE03D97A567F185FE7DD6F">Fossil turtles from the early Miocene localities of Mokrá-Quarry (Burdigalian, MN 4), South Moravian Region, Czech Republic</mods:title>
<mods:affiliationid="B9B76D1153098669BB6C80DDECA41903">Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Geological Sciences, 611 37 Brno (Czechia) and Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Ecology, 842 15 Bratislava (Slovakia) and Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici ICTA, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès (Spain)</mods:affiliation>
<mods:affiliationid="C48CDE55B35353D643C7BFFF9F397EFA">Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Ecology, 842 15 Bratislava (Slovakia)</mods:affiliation>
<mods:affiliationid="6BB1A327EAE027D2AE09E7DA57A550D6">Department of Geology and Paleontology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova, 842 15 Bratislava (Slovakia)</mods:affiliation>
<mods:affiliationid="3BD745D68CA971E8D866E3D0E336BF03">Moravian Museum, Department of Geology and Paleontology, 659 37 Brno (Czechia)</mods:affiliation>
<mods:affiliationid="D62E127E8F546208FECE527AE819E895">Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Geological Sciences, 611 37 Brno (Czechia)</mods:affiliation>
The ptychogasterid material (Pal. 1300-1318) from Mokrá- Quarry consists of numerous disarticulated plates, which present preserved parts of the almost the entire shell. However, some plates are missing from the carapace (i.e., pygal, costals 2-4 and 7, neurals 1-3 and both medial and posterior peripherals). The plastron is represented only by the hypoplastron and the xiphiplastron. The following description is based on all available material, however, not all preserved plates are depicted in
<figureCitationid="42AD2A2BFF91DC5BFC0CFACFE233FAD1"box="[939,1037,1331,1357]"captionStart="FIG"captionStartId="5.[133,143,1962,1979]"captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[134,1454,213,1873]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="FIG. 2. — Carapace remains of Ptychogaster (Ptychogaster) sp. from Mokrá-Quarry localities: A-D, Pal. 1300 (nuchal and peripherals 1-3); A, B, dorsal; C, D, visceral;E-L, Pal.1301 (nuchal); E, F, dorsal; G, H, visceral; I, J, left lateral; K, L, anterior; M, N, Pal. 1302 (neural 4); M, dorsal; N, visceral;O-Q, Pal. 1303 (neural 5); O-P, dorsal; Q, visceral;R, S, Pal. 1304 (neural 7); R, dorsal; S, visceral.T, U, Pal. 1305 (suprapygals 1-2); T, dorsal; U, visceral; V, W, Pal. 1307 (costal 1); V, dor-"figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5679119"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5679119/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="694">Figures 2</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitationid="42AD2A2BFF91DC5BFBE5FACFE26EFAD1"box="[1090,1104,1331,1357]"captionStart="FIG"captionStartId="7.[132,143,1894,1911]"captionTargetBox="[139,1445,213,1863]"captionTargetId="figure-16@7.[133,1455,207,1869]"captionTargetPageId="7"captionText="FIG. 3. — Plastral remains of Ptychogaster (Ptychogaster) sp. from Mokrá-Quarry localities: A-F, Pal. 1315 (hypoplastron); A, B, visceral; C, D, ventral; E, F, left lateral; G-L, Pal. 1316 (hypoplastron); G, H, visceral; I, J, ventral; K, L, right lateral; M-R, Pal. 1317 (hypoplastron); M, N, visceral; O, P, ventral; Q, R, right lateral; S-V, Pal. 1318 (xiphiplastron); S, T, visceral; U, V, ventral views; W, reconstruction of plastron. Thick lines indicate to scute sulci, dotted lines denote plate sutures, dashed lines denote completely ligamentous kinesis (between hypoplastra and peripherals and the hinge between hyoplastron and hypoplastron), and oblique lines indicate missing plate portions. Abbreviations: Ab, abdominal; An, anal; ent, entoplastron; epi, epiplastron; hyo, hyoplastron; hyp, hypoplastron; Fe, femoral; Gu, gular; Hu, humeral; Pe, pectoral; xi, xiphiplastron. Scale bars: 1 cm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5679125"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5679125/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="694">3</figureCitation>
. According to the dimensions of the nuchal plate (Pal. 1300-1301), costals (Pal. 1307-1311) and peripherals (Pal. 1312-1314), the shell would have been relatively large (>
The nuchal plate is hexagonal in outline, wider than long (Pal. 1301:
<figureCitationid="42AD2A2BFF91DC5BFC09F98EE5D3F910"box="[942,1005,1650,1676]"captionStart="FIG"captionStartId="5.[133,143,1962,1979]"captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[134,1454,213,1873]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="FIG. 2. — Carapace remains of Ptychogaster (Ptychogaster) sp. from Mokrá-Quarry localities: A-D, Pal. 1300 (nuchal and peripherals 1-3); A, B, dorsal; C, D, visceral;E-L, Pal.1301 (nuchal); E, F, dorsal; G, H, visceral; I, J, left lateral; K, L, anterior; M, N, Pal. 1302 (neural 4); M, dorsal; N, visceral;O-Q, Pal. 1303 (neural 5); O-P, dorsal; Q, visceral;R, S, Pal. 1304 (neural 7); R, dorsal; S, visceral.T, U, Pal. 1305 (suprapygals 1-2); T, dorsal; U, visceral; V, W, Pal. 1307 (costal 1); V, dor-"figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5679119"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5679119/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="694">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
E-H). It contacts the first pair of peripherals, the first pair of costals and the neural 1. The anterior border possesses a shallow nuchal notch, affecting the nuchal border and the first peripherals (Pal. 1300:
<figureCitationid="42AD2A2BFF91DC5BFAA7F92EE34CF970"box="[1280,1394,1746,1772]"captionStart="FIG"captionStartId="5.[133,143,1962,1979]"captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[134,1454,213,1873]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="FIG. 2. — Carapace remains of Ptychogaster (Ptychogaster) sp. from Mokrá-Quarry localities: A-D, Pal. 1300 (nuchal and peripherals 1-3); A, B, dorsal; C, D, visceral;E-L, Pal.1301 (nuchal); E, F, dorsal; G, H, visceral; I, J, left lateral; K, L, anterior; M, N, Pal. 1302 (neural 4); M, dorsal; N, visceral;O-Q, Pal. 1303 (neural 5); O-P, dorsal; Q, visceral;R, S, Pal. 1304 (neural 7); R, dorsal; S, visceral.T, U, Pal. 1305 (suprapygals 1-2); T, dorsal; U, visceral; V, W, Pal. 1307 (costal 1); V, dor-"figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5679119"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5679119/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="694">Fig. 2A, B</figureCitation>
). The anteroposterolateral sides of the nuchal are rather equal in length, whereas the posterior border is narrow and slightly convex anteriorly (
<figureCitationid="42AD2A2BFF91DC5BFC5FF8CDE256F8D0"box="[1016,1128,1841,1868]"captionStart="FIG"captionStartId="5.[133,143,1962,1979]"captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[134,1454,213,1873]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="FIG. 2. — Carapace remains of Ptychogaster (Ptychogaster) sp. from Mokrá-Quarry localities: A-D, Pal. 1300 (nuchal and peripherals 1-3); A, B, dorsal; C, D, visceral;E-L, Pal.1301 (nuchal); E, F, dorsal; G, H, visceral; I, J, left lateral; K, L, anterior; M, N, Pal. 1302 (neural 4); M, dorsal; N, visceral;O-Q, Pal. 1303 (neural 5); O-P, dorsal; Q, visceral;R, S, Pal. 1304 (neural 7); R, dorsal; S, visceral.T, U, Pal. 1305 (suprapygals 1-2); T, dorsal; U, visceral; V, W, Pal. 1307 (costal 1); V, dor-"figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5679119"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5679119/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="694">Fig. 2E, F</figureCitation>
). In lateral view, the nuchal is vaguely curved (
<figureCitationid="42AD2A2BFF91DC5BFC47F8ADE278F8F0"box="[992,1094,1873,1900]"captionStart="FIG"captionStartId="5.[133,143,1962,1979]"captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[134,1454,213,1873]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="FIG. 2. — Carapace remains of Ptychogaster (Ptychogaster) sp. from Mokrá-Quarry localities: A-D, Pal. 1300 (nuchal and peripherals 1-3); A, B, dorsal; C, D, visceral;E-L, Pal.1301 (nuchal); E, F, dorsal; G, H, visceral; I, J, left lateral; K, L, anterior; M, N, Pal. 1302 (neural 4); M, dorsal; N, visceral;O-Q, Pal. 1303 (neural 5); O-P, dorsal; Q, visceral;R, S, Pal. 1304 (neural 7); R, dorsal; S, visceral.T, U, Pal. 1305 (suprapygals 1-2); T, dorsal; U, visceral; V, W, Pal. 1307 (costal 1); V, dor-"figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5679119"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5679119/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="694">Fig. 2I, J</figureCitation>
, reconstruction of plastron. Thick lines indicate to scute sulci, dotted lines denote plate sutures, dashed lines denote completely ligamentous kinesis (between hypoplastra and peripherals and the hinge between hyoplastron and hypoplastron), and oblique lines indicate missing plate portions. Abbreviations:
<figureCitationid="42AD2A2BFF9CDC56FD2EFF2BE6ADFE8D"captionStart="FIG"captionStartId="5.[133,143,1962,1979]"captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[134,1454,213,1873]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="FIG. 2. — Carapace remains of Ptychogaster (Ptychogaster) sp. from Mokrá-Quarry localities: A-D, Pal. 1300 (nuchal and peripherals 1-3); A, B, dorsal; C, D, visceral;E-L, Pal.1301 (nuchal); E, F, dorsal; G, H, visceral; I, J, left lateral; K, L, anterior; M, N, Pal. 1302 (neural 4); M, dorsal; N, visceral;O-Q, Pal. 1303 (neural 5); O-P, dorsal; Q, visceral;R, S, Pal. 1304 (neural 7); R, dorsal; S, visceral.T, U, Pal. 1305 (suprapygals 1-2); T, dorsal; U, visceral; V, W, Pal. 1307 (costal 1); V, dor-"figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5679119"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5679119/files/figure.png"pageId="8"pageNumber="697">Fig. 2C, D, 2</figureCitation>
G-L). The cervical scute is present anteriorly, both dorsally and viscerally. It is a relatively large and trapezoidal element that is longer than wide (
<figureCitationid="42AD2A2BFF9CDC56FE36FECBE7C0FECD"box="[401,510,311,337]"captionStart="FIG"captionStartId="5.[133,143,1962,1979]"captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[134,1454,213,1873]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="FIG. 2. — Carapace remains of Ptychogaster (Ptychogaster) sp. from Mokrá-Quarry localities: A-D, Pal. 1300 (nuchal and peripherals 1-3); A, B, dorsal; C, D, visceral;E-L, Pal.1301 (nuchal); E, F, dorsal; G, H, visceral; I, J, left lateral; K, L, anterior; M, N, Pal. 1302 (neural 4); M, dorsal; N, visceral;O-Q, Pal. 1303 (neural 5); O-P, dorsal; Q, visceral;R, S, Pal. 1304 (neural 7); R, dorsal; S, visceral.T, U, Pal. 1305 (suprapygals 1-2); T, dorsal; U, visceral; V, W, Pal. 1307 (costal 1); V, dor-"figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5679119"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5679119/files/figure.png"pageId="8"pageNumber="697">Fig. 2E, F</figureCitation>
). The lateral edges of the cervical are slightly curved medially both in dorsal and visceral sides (
<figureCitationid="42AD2A2BFF9CDC56FF58FE8BE750FE0D"box="[255,366,375,401]"captionStart="FIG"captionStartId="5.[133,143,1962,1979]"captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[134,1454,213,1873]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="FIG. 2. — Carapace remains of Ptychogaster (Ptychogaster) sp. from Mokrá-Quarry localities: A-D, Pal. 1300 (nuchal and peripherals 1-3); A, B, dorsal; C, D, visceral;E-L, Pal.1301 (nuchal); E, F, dorsal; G, H, visceral; I, J, left lateral; K, L, anterior; M, N, Pal. 1302 (neural 4); M, dorsal; N, visceral;O-Q, Pal. 1303 (neural 5); O-P, dorsal; Q, visceral;R, S, Pal. 1304 (neural 7); R, dorsal; S, visceral.T, U, Pal. 1305 (suprapygals 1-2); T, dorsal; U, visceral; V, W, Pal. 1307 (costal 1); V, dor-"figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5679119"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5679119/files/figure.png"pageId="8"pageNumber="697">Fig. 2A, B</figureCitation>
, E-H). The overlap of this scute is less developed on the ventral surface (
<figureCitationid="42AD2A2BFF9CDC56FE57FE6AE457FE2D"box="[496,617,406,433]"captionStart="FIG"captionStartId="5.[133,143,1962,1979]"captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[134,1454,213,1873]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="FIG. 2. — Carapace remains of Ptychogaster (Ptychogaster) sp. from Mokrá-Quarry localities: A-D, Pal. 1300 (nuchal and peripherals 1-3); A, B, dorsal; C, D, visceral;E-L, Pal.1301 (nuchal); E, F, dorsal; G, H, visceral; I, J, left lateral; K, L, anterior; M, N, Pal. 1302 (neural 4); M, dorsal; N, visceral;O-Q, Pal. 1303 (neural 5); O-P, dorsal; Q, visceral;R, S, Pal. 1304 (neural 7); R, dorsal; S, visceral.T, U, Pal. 1305 (suprapygals 1-2); T, dorsal; U, visceral; V, W, Pal. 1307 (costal 1); V, dor-"figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5679119"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5679119/files/figure.png"pageId="8"pageNumber="697">Fig. 2G, H</figureCitation>
According to the preserved neural plates, an alternating between octagonal and hexagonal plates forms the neural series: neural 4 octagonal (Pal. 1302:
<figureCitationid="42AD2A2BFF9CDC56FDA6FE0AE446FD8D"box="[513,632,502,529]"captionStart="FIG"captionStartId="5.[133,143,1962,1979]"captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[134,1454,213,1873]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="FIG. 2. — Carapace remains of Ptychogaster (Ptychogaster) sp. from Mokrá-Quarry localities: A-D, Pal. 1300 (nuchal and peripherals 1-3); A, B, dorsal; C, D, visceral;E-L, Pal.1301 (nuchal); E, F, dorsal; G, H, visceral; I, J, left lateral; K, L, anterior; M, N, Pal. 1302 (neural 4); M, dorsal; N, visceral;O-Q, Pal. 1303 (neural 5); O-P, dorsal; Q, visceral;R, S, Pal. 1304 (neural 7); R, dorsal; S, visceral.T, U, Pal. 1305 (suprapygals 1-2); T, dorsal; U, visceral; V, W, Pal. 1307 (costal 1); V, dor-"figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5679119"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5679119/files/figure.png"pageId="8"pageNumber="697">Fig. 2M, N</figureCitation>
) and neural 5 and 7 hexagonal with short sides behind (Pal. 1303-1304:
<figureCitationid="42AD2A2BFF9CDC56FF21FDCAE6FBFDCC"box="[134,197,566,592]"captionStart="FIG"captionStartId="5.[133,143,1962,1979]"captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[134,1454,213,1873]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="FIG. 2. — Carapace remains of Ptychogaster (Ptychogaster) sp. from Mokrá-Quarry localities: A-D, Pal. 1300 (nuchal and peripherals 1-3); A, B, dorsal; C, D, visceral;E-L, Pal.1301 (nuchal); E, F, dorsal; G, H, visceral; I, J, left lateral; K, L, anterior; M, N, Pal. 1302 (neural 4); M, dorsal; N, visceral;O-Q, Pal. 1303 (neural 5); O-P, dorsal; Q, visceral;R, S, Pal. 1304 (neural 7); R, dorsal; S, visceral.T, U, Pal. 1305 (suprapygals 1-2); T, dorsal; U, visceral; V, W, Pal. 1307 (costal 1); V, dor-"figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5679119"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5679119/files/figure.png"pageId="8"pageNumber="697">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
O-S). A weak medial keel develops on the neural 7 (Pal. 1304:
<figureCitationid="42AD2A2BFF9CDC56FF50FDAAE765FDEC"box="[247,347,598,624]"captionStart="FIG"captionStartId="5.[133,143,1962,1979]"captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[134,1454,213,1873]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="FIG. 2. — Carapace remains of Ptychogaster (Ptychogaster) sp. from Mokrá-Quarry localities: A-D, Pal. 1300 (nuchal and peripherals 1-3); A, B, dorsal; C, D, visceral;E-L, Pal.1301 (nuchal); E, F, dorsal; G, H, visceral; I, J, left lateral; K, L, anterior; M, N, Pal. 1302 (neural 4); M, dorsal; N, visceral;O-Q, Pal. 1303 (neural 5); O-P, dorsal; Q, visceral;R, S, Pal. 1304 (neural 7); R, dorsal; S, visceral.T, U, Pal. 1305 (suprapygals 1-2); T, dorsal; U, visceral; V, W, Pal. 1307 (costal 1); V, dor-"figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5679119"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5679119/files/figure.png"pageId="8"pageNumber="697">Fig. 2R, S</figureCitation>
) and the suprapygals 1-2 (Pal.1305-1306:
<figureCitationid="42AD2A2BFF9CDC56FF25FD8AE6CDFD0C"box="[130,243,630,656]"captionStart="FIG"captionStartId="5.[133,143,1962,1979]"captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[134,1454,213,1873]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="FIG. 2. — Carapace remains of Ptychogaster (Ptychogaster) sp. from Mokrá-Quarry localities: A-D, Pal. 1300 (nuchal and peripherals 1-3); A, B, dorsal; C, D, visceral;E-L, Pal.1301 (nuchal); E, F, dorsal; G, H, visceral; I, J, left lateral; K, L, anterior; M, N, Pal. 1302 (neural 4); M, dorsal; N, visceral;O-Q, Pal. 1303 (neural 5); O-P, dorsal; Q, visceral;R, S, Pal. 1304 (neural 7); R, dorsal; S, visceral.T, U, Pal. 1305 (suprapygals 1-2); T, dorsal; U, visceral; V, W, Pal. 1307 (costal 1); V, dor-"figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5679119"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5679119/files/figure.png"pageId="8"pageNumber="697">Fig. 2T, U</figureCitation>
). In visceral view, remains of the thoracic vertebrae attachments are present in all neural plates (
<figureCitationid="42AD2A2BFF9CDC56FDF9FD6AE4CAFD2C"box="[606,756,662,688]"captionStart="FIG"captionStartId="5.[133,143,1962,1979]"captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[134,1454,213,1873]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="FIG. 2. — Carapace remains of Ptychogaster (Ptychogaster) sp. from Mokrá-Quarry localities: A-D, Pal. 1300 (nuchal and peripherals 1-3); A, B, dorsal; C, D, visceral;E-L, Pal.1301 (nuchal); E, F, dorsal; G, H, visceral; I, J, left lateral; K, L, anterior; M, N, Pal. 1302 (neural 4); M, dorsal; N, visceral;O-Q, Pal. 1303 (neural 5); O-P, dorsal; Q, visceral;R, S, Pal. 1304 (neural 7); R, dorsal; S, visceral.T, U, Pal. 1305 (suprapygals 1-2); T, dorsal; U, visceral; V, W, Pal. 1307 (costal 1); V, dor-"figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5679119"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5679119/files/figure.png"pageId="8"pageNumber="697">Fig. 2N, Q, S</figureCitation>
The suprapygal plate 1 is trapezoidal with a wider posterior part (Pal. 1305:
<figureCitationid="42AD2A2BFF9CDC56FEE7FD29E7ABFD6C"box="[320,405,725,752]"captionStart="FIG"captionStartId="5.[133,143,1962,1979]"captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[134,1454,213,1873]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="FIG. 2. — Carapace remains of Ptychogaster (Ptychogaster) sp. from Mokrá-Quarry localities: A-D, Pal. 1300 (nuchal and peripherals 1-3); A, B, dorsal; C, D, visceral;E-L, Pal.1301 (nuchal); E, F, dorsal; G, H, visceral; I, J, left lateral; K, L, anterior; M, N, Pal. 1302 (neural 4); M, dorsal; N, visceral;O-Q, Pal. 1303 (neural 5); O-P, dorsal; Q, visceral;R, S, Pal. 1304 (neural 7); R, dorsal; S, visceral.T, U, Pal. 1305 (suprapygals 1-2); T, dorsal; U, visceral; V, W, Pal. 1307 (costal 1); V, dor-"figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5679119"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5679119/files/figure.png"pageId="8"pageNumber="697">Fig. 2T</figureCitation>
). The anterior border is concave, whereas the posterior one is slightly convex. It contacts the neural 8 anteriorly, costals 8 laterally and suprapygal 2 posteriorly. Suprapygal 2 is hexagonal, wider than long, and much wider than suprapygal 1 (
<figureCitationid="42AD2A2BFF9CDC56FE45FCA9E468FCEC"box="[482,598,853,880]"captionStart="FIG"captionStartId="5.[133,143,1962,1979]"captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[134,1454,213,1873]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="FIG. 2. — Carapace remains of Ptychogaster (Ptychogaster) sp. from Mokrá-Quarry localities: A-D, Pal. 1300 (nuchal and peripherals 1-3); A, B, dorsal; C, D, visceral;E-L, Pal.1301 (nuchal); E, F, dorsal; G, H, visceral; I, J, left lateral; K, L, anterior; M, N, Pal. 1302 (neural 4); M, dorsal; N, visceral;O-Q, Pal. 1303 (neural 5); O-P, dorsal; Q, visceral;R, S, Pal. 1304 (neural 7); R, dorsal; S, visceral.T, U, Pal. 1305 (suprapygals 1-2); T, dorsal; U, visceral; V, W, Pal. 1307 (costal 1); V, dor-"figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5679119"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5679119/files/figure.png"pageId="8"pageNumber="697">Fig. 2T, U</figureCitation>
). It contacts the suprapygal 1 and the posteromedial sides of costals 8 anteriorly, peripherals 11 laterally and pygal posteriorly. The anterolateral sides of the suprapygal 2 are slightly longer anteroposteriorly, compared to the posterolateral ones. The posterior side is vaguely convex anteriorly (
<figureCitationid="42AD2A2BFF9CDC56FE02FC08E426FB93"box="[421,536,1012,1039]"captionStart="FIG"captionStartId="5.[133,143,1962,1979]"captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[134,1454,213,1873]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="FIG. 2. — Carapace remains of Ptychogaster (Ptychogaster) sp. from Mokrá-Quarry localities: A-D, Pal. 1300 (nuchal and peripherals 1-3); A, B, dorsal; C, D, visceral;E-L, Pal.1301 (nuchal); E, F, dorsal; G, H, visceral; I, J, left lateral; K, L, anterior; M, N, Pal. 1302 (neural 4); M, dorsal; N, visceral;O-Q, Pal. 1303 (neural 5); O-P, dorsal; Q, visceral;R, S, Pal. 1304 (neural 7); R, dorsal; S, visceral.T, U, Pal. 1305 (suprapygals 1-2); T, dorsal; U, visceral; V, W, Pal. 1307 (costal 1); V, dor-"figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5679119"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5679119/files/figure.png"pageId="8"pageNumber="697">Fig. 2T, U</figureCitation>
The vertebral scute series is partially preserved, which is quadrangular and slightly narrower than the costal series. Vertebral 1 contacts the cervical and marginals 1-2 anteriorly (
<figureCitationid="42AD2A2BFF9CDC56FF2AFB88E6C4FB13"box="[141,250,1140,1167]"captionStart="FIG"captionStartId="5.[133,143,1962,1979]"captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[134,1454,213,1873]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="FIG. 2. — Carapace remains of Ptychogaster (Ptychogaster) sp. from Mokrá-Quarry localities: A-D, Pal. 1300 (nuchal and peripherals 1-3); A, B, dorsal; C, D, visceral;E-L, Pal.1301 (nuchal); E, F, dorsal; G, H, visceral; I, J, left lateral; K, L, anterior; M, N, Pal. 1302 (neural 4); M, dorsal; N, visceral;O-Q, Pal. 1303 (neural 5); O-P, dorsal; Q, visceral;R, S, Pal. 1304 (neural 7); R, dorsal; S, visceral.T, U, Pal. 1305 (suprapygals 1-2); T, dorsal; U, visceral; V, W, Pal. 1307 (costal 1); V, dor-"figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5679119"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5679119/files/figure.png"pageId="8"pageNumber="697">Fig. 2B, F</figureCitation>
). It seems to be lyre-shaped and covers the lateral corners of the nuchal and costals 1 (Pal. 1300-1301:
<figureCitationid="42AD2A2BFF9CDC56FD16FB68E6EBFB52"captionStart="FIG"captionStartId="5.[133,143,1962,1979]"captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[134,1454,213,1873]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="FIG. 2. — Carapace remains of Ptychogaster (Ptychogaster) sp. from Mokrá-Quarry localities: A-D, Pal. 1300 (nuchal and peripherals 1-3); A, B, dorsal; C, D, visceral;E-L, Pal.1301 (nuchal); E, F, dorsal; G, H, visceral; I, J, left lateral; K, L, anterior; M, N, Pal. 1302 (neural 4); M, dorsal; N, visceral;O-Q, Pal. 1303 (neural 5); O-P, dorsal; Q, visceral;R, S, Pal. 1304 (neural 7); R, dorsal; S, visceral.T, U, Pal. 1305 (suprapygals 1-2); T, dorsal; U, visceral; V, W, Pal. 1307 (costal 1); V, dor-"figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5679119"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5679119/files/figure.png"pageId="8"pageNumber="697">Fig. 2A, B, E, F</figureCitation>
). According to preserved portion of the vertebral 3, it expanded at least on costals 5 and neural 5 (
<figureCitationid="42AD2A2BFF9CDC56FD21FB28E4C5FB72"box="[646,763,1236,1262]"captionStart="FIG"captionStartId="5.[133,143,1962,1979]"captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[134,1454,213,1873]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="FIG. 2. — Carapace remains of Ptychogaster (Ptychogaster) sp. from Mokrá-Quarry localities: A-D, Pal. 1300 (nuchal and peripherals 1-3); A, B, dorsal; C, D, visceral;E-L, Pal.1301 (nuchal); E, F, dorsal; G, H, visceral; I, J, left lateral; K, L, anterior; M, N, Pal. 1302 (neural 4); M, dorsal; N, visceral;O-Q, Pal. 1303 (neural 5); O-P, dorsal; Q, visceral;R, S, Pal. 1304 (neural 7); R, dorsal; S, visceral.T, U, Pal. 1305 (suprapygals 1-2); T, dorsal; U, visceral; V, W, Pal. 1307 (costal 1); V, dor-"figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5679119"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5679119/files/figure.png"pageId="8"pageNumber="697">Fig. 2X, Y</figureCitation>
). The sulcus between the vertebrals 3-4 is wavy in its medial part, and more specifically in the part that is crossing the neural 5 (
<figureCitationid="42AD2A2BFF9CDC56FF62FACFE707FAD2"box="[197,313,1331,1358]"captionStart="FIG"captionStartId="5.[133,143,1962,1979]"captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[134,1454,213,1873]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="FIG. 2. — Carapace remains of Ptychogaster (Ptychogaster) sp. from Mokrá-Quarry localities: A-D, Pal. 1300 (nuchal and peripherals 1-3); A, B, dorsal; C, D, visceral;E-L, Pal.1301 (nuchal); E, F, dorsal; G, H, visceral; I, J, left lateral; K, L, anterior; M, N, Pal. 1302 (neural 4); M, dorsal; N, visceral;O-Q, Pal. 1303 (neural 5); O-P, dorsal; Q, visceral;R, S, Pal. 1304 (neural 7); R, dorsal; S, visceral.T, U, Pal. 1305 (suprapygals 1-2); T, dorsal; U, visceral; V, W, Pal. 1307 (costal 1); V, dor-"figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5679119"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5679119/files/figure.png"pageId="8"pageNumber="697">Fig. 2O, P</figureCitation>
). Vertebral 4 likely contacts the vertebral 3 anteriorly, pleurals 3-4 laterally and vertebral 5 posteriorly (
<figureCitationid="42AD2A2BFF9CDC56FF2AFA8FE6E2FA12"box="[141,220,1395,1422]"captionStart="FIG"captionStartId="5.[133,143,1962,1979]"captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[134,1454,213,1873]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="FIG. 2. — Carapace remains of Ptychogaster (Ptychogaster) sp. from Mokrá-Quarry localities: A-D, Pal. 1300 (nuchal and peripherals 1-3); A, B, dorsal; C, D, visceral;E-L, Pal.1301 (nuchal); E, F, dorsal; G, H, visceral; I, J, left lateral; K, L, anterior; M, N, Pal. 1302 (neural 4); M, dorsal; N, visceral;O-Q, Pal. 1303 (neural 5); O-P, dorsal; Q, visceral;R, S, Pal. 1304 (neural 7); R, dorsal; S, visceral.T, U, Pal. 1305 (suprapygals 1-2); T, dorsal; U, visceral; V, W, Pal. 1307 (costal 1); V, dor-"figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5679119"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5679119/files/figure.png"pageId="8"pageNumber="697">Fig. 2P</figureCitation>
, A’, B’, D’, E’). Vertebral 5 is the widest vertebral scute, contacting with the vertebral 4 anteriorly, pleural 4 anterolaterally and marginals 11-12 posteriorly. It expands on costals 8, neural 8, peripheral 12 and pygal, and therefore covers the entire surface of the suprapygals 1-2.
Although not fully preserved costals, the costal plate 1 is much longer than the rest of costal (Pal. 1307:
<figureCitationid="42AD2A2BFF9CDC56FD26F9CEE4C5F9D1"box="[641,763,1586,1613]"captionStart="FIG"captionStartId="5.[133,143,1962,1979]"captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[134,1454,213,1873]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="FIG. 2. — Carapace remains of Ptychogaster (Ptychogaster) sp. from Mokrá-Quarry localities: A-D, Pal. 1300 (nuchal and peripherals 1-3); A, B, dorsal; C, D, visceral;E-L, Pal.1301 (nuchal); E, F, dorsal; G, H, visceral; I, J, left lateral; K, L, anterior; M, N, Pal. 1302 (neural 4); M, dorsal; N, visceral;O-Q, Pal. 1303 (neural 5); O-P, dorsal; Q, visceral;R, S, Pal. 1304 (neural 7); R, dorsal; S, visceral.T, U, Pal. 1305 (suprapygals 1-2); T, dorsal; U, visceral; V, W, Pal. 1307 (costal 1); V, dor-"figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5679119"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5679119/files/figure.png"pageId="8"pageNumber="697">Fig. 2V, W</figureCitation>
). It is trapezoidal and always contacts the peripheral plates 1-3 anterolaterally, nuchal anteromedially and neurals 1-2 medially. The anterior border is sinuous to articulate with the corresponding peripherals. Costal 6 is similar in regards of its shape, being much wider than long (Pal. 1308-9:
<figureCitationid="42AD2A2BFF9CDC56FD2FF92EE4FDF970"box="[648,707,1746,1772]"captionStart="FIG"captionStartId="5.[133,143,1962,1979]"captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[134,1454,213,1873]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="FIG. 2. — Carapace remains of Ptychogaster (Ptychogaster) sp. from Mokrá-Quarry localities: A-D, Pal. 1300 (nuchal and peripherals 1-3); A, B, dorsal; C, D, visceral;E-L, Pal.1301 (nuchal); E, F, dorsal; G, H, visceral; I, J, left lateral; K, L, anterior; M, N, Pal. 1302 (neural 4); M, dorsal; N, visceral;O-Q, Pal. 1303 (neural 5); O-P, dorsal; Q, visceral;R, S, Pal. 1304 (neural 7); R, dorsal; S, visceral.T, U, Pal. 1305 (suprapygals 1-2); T, dorsal; U, visceral; V, W, Pal. 1307 (costal 1); V, dor-"figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5679119"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5679119/files/figure.png"pageId="8"pageNumber="697">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
X-B’). The medial side of Pal. 1308 shows a short anteromedial and long posteromedial sides (
<figureCitationid="42AD2A2BFF9CDC56FE2AF8EEE7F9F8B0"box="[397,455,1810,1836]"captionStart="FIG"captionStartId="5.[133,143,1962,1979]"captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[134,1454,213,1873]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="FIG. 2. — Carapace remains of Ptychogaster (Ptychogaster) sp. from Mokrá-Quarry localities: A-D, Pal. 1300 (nuchal and peripherals 1-3); A, B, dorsal; C, D, visceral;E-L, Pal.1301 (nuchal); E, F, dorsal; G, H, visceral; I, J, left lateral; K, L, anterior; M, N, Pal. 1302 (neural 4); M, dorsal; N, visceral;O-Q, Pal. 1303 (neural 5); O-P, dorsal; Q, visceral;R, S, Pal. 1304 (neural 7); R, dorsal; S, visceral.T, U, Pal. 1305 (suprapygals 1-2); T, dorsal; U, visceral; V, W, Pal. 1307 (costal 1); V, dor-"figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5679119"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5679119/files/figure.png"pageId="8"pageNumber="697">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
X-Z). However, the medial side of Pal. 1308 is most likely rounded (
<figureCitationid="42AD2A2BFF9CDC56FDADF8CDE476F8D0"box="[522,584,1841,1868]"captionStart="FIG"captionStartId="5.[133,143,1962,1979]"captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[134,1454,213,1873]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="FIG. 2. — Carapace remains of Ptychogaster (Ptychogaster) sp. from Mokrá-Quarry localities: A-D, Pal. 1300 (nuchal and peripherals 1-3); A, B, dorsal; C, D, visceral;E-L, Pal.1301 (nuchal); E, F, dorsal; G, H, visceral; I, J, left lateral; K, L, anterior; M, N, Pal. 1302 (neural 4); M, dorsal; N, visceral;O-Q, Pal. 1303 (neural 5); O-P, dorsal; Q, visceral;R, S, Pal. 1304 (neural 7); R, dorsal; S, visceral.T, U, Pal. 1305 (suprapygals 1-2); T, dorsal; U, visceral; V, W, Pal. 1307 (costal 1); V, dor-"figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5679119"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5679119/files/figure.png"pageId="8"pageNumber="697">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A’-C’). Costal 8 is narrow, slightly wider than long, contacting the costal 7 anteriorly, neural 8 and suprapygal 1 medially, and suprapygal 2 and peripherals 11-12 posteriorly (Pal. 1310-11:
<figureCitationid="42AD2A2BFF9CDC56FD25F86DE480F837"box="[642,702,1937,1963]"captionStart="FIG"captionStartId="5.[133,143,1962,1979]"captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[134,1454,213,1873]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="FIG. 2. — Carapace remains of Ptychogaster (Ptychogaster) sp. from Mokrá-Quarry localities: A-D, Pal. 1300 (nuchal and peripherals 1-3); A, B, dorsal; C, D, visceral;E-L, Pal.1301 (nuchal); E, F, dorsal; G, H, visceral; I, J, left lateral; K, L, anterior; M, N, Pal. 1302 (neural 4); M, dorsal; N, visceral;O-Q, Pal. 1303 (neural 5); O-P, dorsal; Q, visceral;R, S, Pal. 1304 (neural 7); R, dorsal; S, visceral.T, U, Pal. 1305 (suprapygals 1-2); T, dorsal; U, visceral; V, W, Pal. 1307 (costal 1); V, dor-"figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5679119"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5679119/files/figure.png"pageId="8"pageNumber="697">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
D’-F’). The pleural scutes are not preserved with the exception of the first one. The marginopleural sulcus is entirely situated on peripheral plates, at least in both anterior and posterior part of the carapace (
<figureCitationid="42AD2A2BFF9CDC56FC7BFF0BE29DFE8E"box="[988,1187,247,274]"captionStart="FIG"captionStartId="5.[133,143,1962,1979]"captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[134,1454,213,1873]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="FIG. 2. — Carapace remains of Ptychogaster (Ptychogaster) sp. from Mokrá-Quarry localities: A-D, Pal. 1300 (nuchal and peripherals 1-3); A, B, dorsal; C, D, visceral;E-L, Pal.1301 (nuchal); E, F, dorsal; G, H, visceral; I, J, left lateral; K, L, anterior; M, N, Pal. 1302 (neural 4); M, dorsal; N, visceral;O-Q, Pal. 1303 (neural 5); O-P, dorsal; Q, visceral;R, S, Pal. 1304 (neural 7); R, dorsal; S, visceral.T, U, Pal. 1305 (suprapygals 1-2); T, dorsal; U, visceral; V, W, Pal. 1307 (costal 1); V, dor-"figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5679119"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5679119/files/figure.png"pageId="8"pageNumber="697">Fig. 2A, B, E, F, V</figureCitation>
The peripheral plates 1-3 are longer than wide and slightly trapezoidal (
<figureCitationid="42AD2A2BFF9CDC56FC12FECBE5C9FECD"box="[949,1015,311,337]"captionStart="FIG"captionStartId="5.[133,143,1962,1979]"captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[134,1454,213,1873]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="FIG. 2. — Carapace remains of Ptychogaster (Ptychogaster) sp. from Mokrá-Quarry localities: A-D, Pal. 1300 (nuchal and peripherals 1-3); A, B, dorsal; C, D, visceral;E-L, Pal.1301 (nuchal); E, F, dorsal; G, H, visceral; I, J, left lateral; K, L, anterior; M, N, Pal. 1302 (neural 4); M, dorsal; N, visceral;O-Q, Pal. 1303 (neural 5); O-P, dorsal; Q, visceral;R, S, Pal. 1304 (neural 7); R, dorsal; S, visceral.T, U, Pal. 1305 (suprapygals 1-2); T, dorsal; U, visceral; V, W, Pal. 1307 (costal 1); V, dor-"figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5679119"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5679119/files/figure.png"pageId="8"pageNumber="697">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A-D, G’-J’). They are completely fused together (i.e., sutures are not visible) and crossed not only by the intermarginal sulcus, but also by the pleuro-marginal sulcus, unlike in
. Peripherals 1-2 are prominent in anterior direction in Pal. 1300. Peripheral 7, which is partially preserved, is rectangular (Pal. 1313:
<figureCitationid="42AD2A2BFF9CDC56FA86FE2AE361FE6C"box="[1313,1375,470,496]"captionStart="FIG"captionStartId="5.[133,143,1962,1979]"captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[134,1454,213,1873]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="FIG. 2. — Carapace remains of Ptychogaster (Ptychogaster) sp. from Mokrá-Quarry localities: A-D, Pal. 1300 (nuchal and peripherals 1-3); A, B, dorsal; C, D, visceral;E-L, Pal.1301 (nuchal); E, F, dorsal; G, H, visceral; I, J, left lateral; K, L, anterior; M, N, Pal. 1302 (neural 4); M, dorsal; N, visceral;O-Q, Pal. 1303 (neural 5); O-P, dorsal; Q, visceral;R, S, Pal. 1304 (neural 7); R, dorsal; S, visceral.T, U, Pal. 1305 (suprapygals 1-2); T, dorsal; U, visceral; V, W, Pal. 1307 (costal 1); V, dor-"figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5679119"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5679119/files/figure.png"pageId="8"pageNumber="697">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
K’-N’). In internal view, it displays a rough elongated area for the cartilaginous union of the inguinal process (
<figureCitationid="42AD2A2BFF9CDC56FAB4FDEAE36DFDAC"box="[1299,1363,534,560]"captionStart="FIG"captionStartId="5.[133,143,1962,1979]"captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[134,1454,213,1873]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="FIG. 2. — Carapace remains of Ptychogaster (Ptychogaster) sp. from Mokrá-Quarry localities: A-D, Pal. 1300 (nuchal and peripherals 1-3); A, B, dorsal; C, D, visceral;E-L, Pal.1301 (nuchal); E, F, dorsal; G, H, visceral; I, J, left lateral; K, L, anterior; M, N, Pal. 1302 (neural 4); M, dorsal; N, visceral;O-Q, Pal. 1303 (neural 5); O-P, dorsal; Q, visceral;R, S, Pal. 1304 (neural 7); R, dorsal; S, visceral.T, U, Pal. 1305 (suprapygals 1-2); T, dorsal; U, visceral; V, W, Pal. 1307 (costal 1); V, dor-"figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5679119"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5679119/files/figure.png"pageId="8"pageNumber="697">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
M’, N’). Pal. 1313 is the last peripheral involved in the shell bridge and also displays a weak lateral ridge on its external side. Peripheral 8 is rectangular and hosts both the pleuromarginal sulcus and intermarginal sulci (i.e., between marginals 8-9), which are situated far from the costoperipheral suture (Pal. 1314:
<figureCitationid="42AD2A2BFF9CDC56FC00FD29E5DAFD6C"box="[935,996,725,752]"captionStart="FIG"captionStartId="5.[133,143,1962,1979]"captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[134,1454,213,1873]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="FIG. 2. — Carapace remains of Ptychogaster (Ptychogaster) sp. from Mokrá-Quarry localities: A-D, Pal. 1300 (nuchal and peripherals 1-3); A, B, dorsal; C, D, visceral;E-L, Pal.1301 (nuchal); E, F, dorsal; G, H, visceral; I, J, left lateral; K, L, anterior; M, N, Pal. 1302 (neural 4); M, dorsal; N, visceral;O-Q, Pal. 1303 (neural 5); O-P, dorsal; Q, visceral;R, S, Pal. 1304 (neural 7); R, dorsal; S, visceral.T, U, Pal. 1305 (suprapygals 1-2); T, dorsal; U, visceral; V, W, Pal. 1307 (costal 1); V, dor-"figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5679119"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5679119/files/figure.png"pageId="8"pageNumber="697">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
O’-R’). The marginal scute 1 is rectangular, slightly wider than long, whereas marginal 2 is trapezoidal. Marginal 3 is approximately as wide as long. Marginal 8, the only complete scute from the bridge area, is rectangular and higher than wide. The ventral overlap of all preserved marginals is well developed.
The preserved portion of the hyo-hypoplastral hinge is straight and approximately transversal (Pal. 1377:
<figureCitationid="42AD2A2BFF9CDC56FA95FC49E353FC53"box="[1330,1389,949,975]"captionStart="FIG"captionStartId="7.[132,143,1894,1911]"captionTargetBox="[139,1445,213,1863]"captionTargetId="figure-16@7.[133,1455,207,1869]"captionTargetPageId="7"captionText="FIG. 3. — Plastral remains of Ptychogaster (Ptychogaster) sp. from Mokrá-Quarry localities: A-F, Pal. 1315 (hypoplastron); A, B, visceral; C, D, ventral; E, F, left lateral; G-L, Pal. 1316 (hypoplastron); G, H, visceral; I, J, ventral; K, L, right lateral; M-R, Pal. 1317 (hypoplastron); M, N, visceral; O, P, ventral; Q, R, right lateral; S-V, Pal. 1318 (xiphiplastron); S, T, visceral; U, V, ventral views; W, reconstruction of plastron. Thick lines indicate to scute sulci, dotted lines denote plate sutures, dashed lines denote completely ligamentous kinesis (between hypoplastra and peripherals and the hinge between hyoplastron and hypoplastron), and oblique lines indicate missing plate portions. Abbreviations: Ab, abdominal; An, anal; ent, entoplastron; epi, epiplastron; hyo, hyoplastron; hyp, hypoplastron; Fe, femoral; Gu, gular; Hu, humeral; Pe, pectoral; xi, xiphiplastron. Scale bars: 1 cm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5679125"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5679125/files/figure.png"pageId="8"pageNumber="697">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
M-P), which is located at the mid of the peripheral 6. The hypoplastron contact anteriorly with the hypoplastron through a hinge and laterally with the peripherals 6-7 through a completely ligamentous union in the inguinal process (Pal. 1315- 17:
<figureCitationid="42AD2A2BFF9CDC56FCF0FBA8E5ABFBF2"box="[855,917,1108,1134]"captionStart="FIG"captionStartId="7.[132,143,1894,1911]"captionTargetBox="[139,1445,213,1863]"captionTargetId="figure-16@7.[133,1455,207,1869]"captionTargetPageId="7"captionText="FIG. 3. — Plastral remains of Ptychogaster (Ptychogaster) sp. from Mokrá-Quarry localities: A-F, Pal. 1315 (hypoplastron); A, B, visceral; C, D, ventral; E, F, left lateral; G-L, Pal. 1316 (hypoplastron); G, H, visceral; I, J, ventral; K, L, right lateral; M-R, Pal. 1317 (hypoplastron); M, N, visceral; O, P, ventral; Q, R, right lateral; S-V, Pal. 1318 (xiphiplastron); S, T, visceral; U, V, ventral views; W, reconstruction of plastron. Thick lines indicate to scute sulci, dotted lines denote plate sutures, dashed lines denote completely ligamentous kinesis (between hypoplastra and peripherals and the hinge between hyoplastron and hypoplastron), and oblique lines indicate missing plate portions. Abbreviations: Ab, abdominal; An, anal; ent, entoplastron; epi, epiplastron; hyo, hyoplastron; hyp, hypoplastron; Fe, femoral; Gu, gular; Hu, humeral; Pe, pectoral; xi, xiphiplastron. Scale bars: 1 cm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5679125"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5679125/files/figure.png"pageId="8"pageNumber="697">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
A-R). The visceral overlap of both abdominal and femoral scutes on hypoplastra is well developed (
<figureCitationid="42AD2A2BFF9CDC56FA8EFB88E39CFB13"box="[1321,1442,1140,1167]"captionStart="FIG"captionStartId="7.[132,143,1894,1911]"captionTargetBox="[139,1445,213,1863]"captionTargetId="figure-16@7.[133,1455,207,1869]"captionTargetPageId="7"captionText="FIG. 3. — Plastral remains of Ptychogaster (Ptychogaster) sp. from Mokrá-Quarry localities: A-F, Pal. 1315 (hypoplastron); A, B, visceral; C, D, ventral; E, F, left lateral; G-L, Pal. 1316 (hypoplastron); G, H, visceral; I, J, ventral; K, L, right lateral; M-R, Pal. 1317 (hypoplastron); M, N, visceral; O, P, ventral; Q, R, right lateral; S-V, Pal. 1318 (xiphiplastron); S, T, visceral; U, V, ventral views; W, reconstruction of plastron. Thick lines indicate to scute sulci, dotted lines denote plate sutures, dashed lines denote completely ligamentous kinesis (between hypoplastra and peripherals and the hinge between hyoplastron and hypoplastron), and oblique lines indicate missing plate portions. Abbreviations: Ab, abdominal; An, anal; ent, entoplastron; epi, epiplastron; hyo, hyoplastron; hyp, hypoplastron; Fe, femoral; Gu, gular; Hu, humeral; Pe, pectoral; xi, xiphiplastron. Scale bars: 1 cm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5679125"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5679125/files/figure.png"pageId="8"pageNumber="697">Fig. 3M, N</figureCitation>
). The xiphiplastron is trapezoidal and its posterior tip is rather rounded. The abdominofemoral sulcus, developed on the ventral surface of each hypoplastron, is concave (
<figureCitationid="42AD2A2BFF9CDC56FA8CFB28E39FFB72"box="[1323,1441,1236,1262]"captionStart="FIG"captionStartId="5.[133,143,1962,1979]"captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[134,1454,213,1873]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="FIG. 2. — Carapace remains of Ptychogaster (Ptychogaster) sp. from Mokrá-Quarry localities: A-D, Pal. 1300 (nuchal and peripherals 1-3); A, B, dorsal; C, D, visceral;E-L, Pal.1301 (nuchal); E, F, dorsal; G, H, visceral; I, J, left lateral; K, L, anterior; M, N, Pal. 1302 (neural 4); M, dorsal; N, visceral;O-Q, Pal. 1303 (neural 5); O-P, dorsal; Q, visceral;R, S, Pal. 1304 (neural 7); R, dorsal; S, visceral.T, U, Pal. 1305 (suprapygals 1-2); T, dorsal; U, visceral; V, W, Pal. 1307 (costal 1); V, dor-"figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5679119"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5679119/files/figure.png"pageId="8"pageNumber="697">Fig. 2N, O</figureCitation>
). Moreover, the latter does not reach the inguinal process laterally, but is located slightly below it. The femoroanal sulcus is oblique, whereas the anal scute is triangular with rounded lateral borders (
<figureCitationid="42AD2A2BFF9CDC56FC7AFAAFE223FAF1"box="[989,1053,1363,1389]"captionStart="FIG"captionStartId="5.[133,143,1962,1979]"captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[134,1454,213,1873]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="FIG. 2. — Carapace remains of Ptychogaster (Ptychogaster) sp. from Mokrá-Quarry localities: A-D, Pal. 1300 (nuchal and peripherals 1-3); A, B, dorsal; C, D, visceral;E-L, Pal.1301 (nuchal); E, F, dorsal; G, H, visceral; I, J, left lateral; K, L, anterior; M, N, Pal. 1302 (neural 4); M, dorsal; N, visceral;O-Q, Pal. 1303 (neural 5); O-P, dorsal; Q, visceral;R, S, Pal. 1304 (neural 7); R, dorsal; S, visceral.T, U, Pal. 1305 (suprapygals 1-2); T, dorsal; U, visceral; V, W, Pal. 1307 (costal 1); V, dor-"figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5679119"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5679119/files/figure.png"pageId="8"pageNumber="697">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
S-V). The dorsal overlap of the anal scute is moderately developed (
<figureCitationid="42AD2A2BFF9CDC56FBDAFA8FE2D4FA12"box="[1149,1258,1395,1422]"captionStart="FIG"captionStartId="5.[133,143,1962,1979]"captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[134,1454,213,1873]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="FIG. 2. — Carapace remains of Ptychogaster (Ptychogaster) sp. from Mokrá-Quarry localities: A-D, Pal. 1300 (nuchal and peripherals 1-3); A, B, dorsal; C, D, visceral;E-L, Pal.1301 (nuchal); E, F, dorsal; G, H, visceral; I, J, left lateral; K, L, anterior; M, N, Pal. 1302 (neural 4); M, dorsal; N, visceral;O-Q, Pal. 1303 (neural 5); O-P, dorsal; Q, visceral;R, S, Pal. 1304 (neural 7); R, dorsal; S, visceral.T, U, Pal. 1305 (suprapygals 1-2); T, dorsal; U, visceral; V, W, Pal. 1307 (costal 1); V, dor-"figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5679119"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5679119/files/figure.png"pageId="8"pageNumber="697">Fig. 2S, T</figureCitation>
is a geoemydid family which includes turtles of medium body size. This clade originated in Europe during the Eocene and its members are characterized mainly by a plastral kinesis (
<bibRefCitationid="BE074B5FFF9CDC56FC49F9CFE33DF9D1"author="LAPPARENT DE BROIN F."box="[1006,1283,1586,1613]"pageId="8"pageNumber="697"pagination="155 - 217"refId="ref14120"refString="LAPPARENT DE BROIN F. 2001. - The European turtle fauna from the Triassic to the Present. Dumerilia 4: 155 - 217."type="journal article"year="2001">Lapparent de Broin 2001</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitationid="BE074B5FFF9CDC56FAB5F9CEE3A1F9D0"author="CLAUDE J."box="[1298,1439,1586,1612]"pageId="8"pageNumber="697"pagination="34 - 55"refId="ref12459"refString="CLAUDE J. 2006. - Convergence induced by plastral kinesis and phylogenetic constraints in Testudinoidea: a geometric morphometric assessment. Russia Journal of Herpetology 13 (Suppl.): 34 - 55."type="journal article"year="2006">Claude 2006</bibRefCitation>
). Thus, the anterior part of the plastron is firmly connected to the carapace, whereas the posterior one is movable thanks to a hinge situated between hyo- hypoplastra and peripherals 6. Some studies claimed that ptychogasterids constitute a monophyletic clade diagnosable by several synapomorphies (
<bibRefCitationid="BE074B5FFF9CDC56FC91F90EE5ECF890"author="HERVET S."box="[822,978,1778,1804]"pageId="8"pageNumber="697"pagination="13 - 78"refId="ref13243"refString="HERVET S. 2004 a. - Systematique du groupe " Palaeochelys sensu lato - Mauremys " (Chelonii, Testudinoidea) duTertiaire d'Europe occidentale: principaux resultats. Annales de Paleontologie 90 (1): 13 - 78. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. annPal. 2003.12.002"type="journal article"year="2004">Hervet 2004a</bibRefCitation>
, b, 2006). However, the inclusion within ptychogasterids of non-kinetic extinct geoemydids genera, such as
<bibRefCitationid="BE074B5FFF9CDC56FC7FF8ADE281F8F0"author="CLAUDE J. & TONG H."box="[984,1215,1873,1900]"pageId="8"pageNumber="697"pagination="3 - 45"refId="ref12495"refString="CLAUDE J. & TONG H. 2004. - Early Eocene testudinoid turtles from Saint-Papoul, France, with comments on the early evolution of modern Testudinoidea. Oryctos 5: 3 - 45."type="journal article"year="2004">Claude & Tong 2004</bibRefCitation>
). A more comprehensive phylogenetic analysis would be required in the future to know what genera belong to subfamily
<bibRefCitationid="BE074B5FFF9DDC57FF21FA8FE72FFA12"author="POMEL A."box="[134,273,1395,1422]"pageId="9"pageNumber="698"pagination="378 - 385"refId="ref15164"refString="POMEL A. 1847. - Note sur les animaux fossiles decouverts dans le departement de l'Allier. Bulletin de la Societe geologique du France 4: 378 - 385. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 54331323"type="journal article"year="1847">Pomel (1847)</bibRefCitation>
from the early Miocene (MN2) of Saint-Gerandle-Puy,
<bibRefCitationid="BE074B5FFF9DDC57FDA9FA2FE4A7FA71"author="POMEL A."box="[526,665,1491,1517]"pageId="9"pageNumber="698"pagination="378 - 385"refId="ref15164"refString="POMEL A. 1847. - Note sur les animaux fossiles decouverts dans le departement de l'Allier. Bulletin de la Societe geologique du France 4: 378 - 385. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 54331323"type="journal article"year="1847">Pomel, 1847</bibRefCitation>
) has a complex taxonomical and nomenclatural history, with many junior subjective synonyms (
<bibRefCitationid="BE074B5FFF9DDC57FF6CF9CEE76AF9D1"author="SCHAFER D."box="[203,340,1586,1613]"pageId="9"pageNumber="698"refId="ref15504"refString="SCHAFER D. 2013. - Die Schildkroten der Gattung Ptychogaster Pomel, 1847 (Reptilia, Testudines). PhD dissertation, Ludwig- Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, 387 p. (in German with English summary; unpublished)."type="book"year="2013">Schäfer 2013</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitationid="BE074B5FFF9DDC57FEF8F9CEE433F9D1"author="LUJAN A. H. & DELFINO M. & VILAR I. & ALBA D. M."box="[351,525,1586,1613]"pageId="9"pageNumber="698"pagination="277 - 295"refId="ref14529"refString="LUJAN A. H., DELFINO M., CASANOVAS- VILAR I. & ALBA D. M. 2014. - Taxonomy of subgenus Temnoclemmys Bergounioux, 1958 (Testudines: Geoemydidae: Ptychogasterinae) based on new material from the Valles-Penedes Basin. Comptes Rendus Paleovol 13 (4): 277 - 295. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. crpv. 2013.11.004"type="journal article"year="2014">
has recently been performed, the results of this PhD thesis are still unpublished (
<bibRefCitationid="BE074B5FFF9DDC57FDCBF98EE4C9F910"author="SCHAFER D."box="[620,759,1650,1676]"pageId="9"pageNumber="698"refId="ref15504"refString="SCHAFER D. 2013. - Die Schildkroten der Gattung Ptychogaster Pomel, 1847 (Reptilia, Testudines). PhD dissertation, Ludwig- Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, 387 p. (in German with English summary; unpublished)."type="book"year="2013">Schäfer 2013</bibRefCitation>
