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<document id="1D990AD944046EB314F67F05C67EF65C" ID-CLB-Dataset="24900" ID-DOI="10.1093/isd/ixz015" ID-GBIF-Dataset="56172c62-3e7c-4ab7-83d4-1dd9f5c57eb5" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3542130" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1573763013583" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hita-Garcia, Francisco, Lieberman, Ziv, Audisio, Tracy L., Liu, Cong &amp; Economo, Evan P." docDate="2019" docId="03D9AC4AE57AFF89FCC4F881BE8902E9" docLanguage="en" docName="insectSystematicsDiversity.ixz015.pdf" docOrigin="Insect Systematics and Diversity 5" docStyle="DocumentStyle:20C34595BA01015AC07A3B955E96DF74.8:InsectSystDivers.2017-.journal_article" docStyleId="20C34595BA01015AC07A3B955E96DF74" docStyleName="InsectSystDivers.2017-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="8" docTitle="Discothyrea hawkesi Hita-Garcia &amp; Lieberman &amp; Audisio &amp; Liu &amp; Economo 2019, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="51" masterDocId="FFE0D432E555FFBBFFF6FF95BB120352" masterDocTitle="Revision of the Highly Specialized Ant Genus Discothyrea (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Afrotropics with X-Ray Microtomography and 3 D Cybertaxonomy" masterLastPageNumber="84" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="48" updateTime="1698765580234" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="60DB4B19B3EB58D993F33D560D14BBD8">Revision of the Highly Specialized Ant Genus Discothyrea (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Afrotropics with X-Ray Microtomography and 3 D Cybertaxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="AA67F73E621519DCFD47DDF92D7972A0">Hita-Garcia, Francisco</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AF141BC4769B8A5F8D364201F95A18E8">Lieberman, Ziv</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2585DCB76768C582513F03678FC915A5">Audisio, Tracy L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0B0E4C3DF499EEC811E196A01238B7D0">Liu, Cong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="8ABA60693F73F20A50233DF15865F75F">Insect Systematics and Diversity</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03D9AC4AE57AFF89FCC4F881BE8902E9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5922612" ID-GBIF-Taxon="160400421" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5922612" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D9AC4AE57AFF89FCC4F881BE8902E9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D9AC4AE57AFF89FCC4F881BE8902E9" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7066DFE57AFF94FCC4F881BE2A0479" authority="Hita Garcia &amp; Lieberman" authorityName="Hita-Garcia &amp; Lieberman &amp; Audisio &amp; Liu &amp; Economo" authorityYear="2019" box="[818,1336,1812,1835]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Discothyrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hawkesi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE57AFF94FCC4F881BF090479" box="[818,1051,1812,1835]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Discothyrea hawkesi</emphasis>
Hita Garcia &amp; Lieberman
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<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE57AFF94FCC4F8A2BE5F041C" blockId="47.[818,1442,1812,1992]" box="[818,1357,1847,1870]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
(
<figureCitation id="134B01D9E57AFF94FCCCF8A2B882041C" box="[826,912,1847,1870]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[146,173,1283,1300]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,148,1247]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[152,1435,147,1248]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Maps showing the known distribution ranges of Afrotropical Discothyrea species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3542140" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3542140/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Figs. 4J</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134B01D9E57AFF94FC6BF8A2B8A5041C" box="[925,951,1847,1870]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[146,173,1454,1471]" captionTargetBox="[155,1434,149,1418]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[154,1434,147,1419]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 6. Diagnostic plate showing still images from surface volume renderings of the head in full-face view (the remainder of the body virtually removed). All Afrotropical species are shown, species names are embedded in each particular image for better comparison and orientation.Specimen codes are given inTable 1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3542144" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3542144/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">6J</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134B01D9E57AFF94FC33F8A2B8CD041C" box="[965,991,1847,1870]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[146,173,1457,1474]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,149,1421]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[152,1435,147,1422]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 7. Diagnostic plate showing still images from surface volume renderings of the head in profile (the remainder of the body virtually removed).All Afrotropical species are shown, species names are embedded in each particular image for better comparison and orientation. Specimen codes are given inTable 1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3542148" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3542148/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">7J</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134B01D9E57AFF94FC1AF8A2BF14041C" box="[1004,1030,1847,1870]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[146,172,1457,1474]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,149,1421]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[152,1435,147,1422]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 8. Diagnostic plate showing still images from surface volume renderings of the right mandible in dorsal view (the remainder of the body virtually removed).All Afrotropical species are shown,species names are embedded in each particular image for better comparison and orientation.Specimen codes are given inTable 1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3542150" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3542150/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">8J</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134B01D9E57AFF94FBE5F8A2BF3F041C" box="[1043,1069,1847,1870]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[146,173,1457,1474]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,149,1421]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[152,1435,147,1422]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 9. Diagnostic plate showing still images from surface volume renderings of the mesosoma in profile (the remainder of the body virtually removed). All Afrotropical species are shown, species names are embedded in each particular image for better comparison and orientation.Specimen codes are given inTable 1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3542152" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3542152/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">9J</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134B01D9E57AFF94FBCDF8A2BF72041C" box="[1083,1120,1847,1870]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[146,173,1457,1474]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,149,1421]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[152,1435,147,1422]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 10. Diagnostic plate showing still images from surface volume renderings of the body in dorsal view with focus on mesosoma.All Afrotropical species are shown, species names are embedded in each particular image for better comparison and orientation. Specimen codes are given inTable 1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3542154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3542154/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">10J</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134B01D9E57AFF94FB98F8A2BF82041C" box="[1134,1168,1847,1870]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[146,173,1454,1471]" captionTargetBox="[155,1434,149,1418]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[154,1434,147,1419]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 11. Diagnostic plate showing still images from surface volume renderings of the posterior propodeum in posterior view (the remainder of the body virtually removed). All Afrotropical species are shown, species names are embedded in each particular image for better comparison and orientation. Specimen codes are given inTable 1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3542156" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3542156/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">11J</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134B01D9E57AFF94FB56F8A2BFD5041C" box="[1184,1223,1847,1870]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[146,173,1454,1471]" captionTargetBox="[155,1434,149,1418]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[154,1434,147,1419]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 12. Diagnostic plate showing still images from surface volume renderings of the petiole and gaster in profile (the remainder of the body virtually removed).All Afrotropical species are shown, species names are embedded in each particular image for better comparison and orientation.Specimen codes are given inTable 1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3542158" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3542158/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">12J</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134B01D9E57AFF94FB22F8A2BFE8041C" box="[1236,1274,1847,1870]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[146,173,1454,1471]" captionTargetBox="[155,1434,149,1419]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[154,1434,147,1419]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 14. Diagnostic plate showing differences in body pilosity. (A) D. mixta (CASENT0235473),(B) D. oculata (CASENT0235467),(C) D. aisnetu (CASENT0235475), (D) D.athene (CASENT0235476),(E) D.chimera (CASENT0235471),(F) D.damato (CASENT0247362),(G) D.dryad (CASENT0247371),(H) D.gaia (CASENT0247040), (I) D. gryphon (CASENT0247367), (J) D. hawkesi (CASENT0235470), (K) D. kalypso (CASENT0235468), (L) D. maia (CASENT0790541), (M) D. michelae (CASENT0235469), (N) D. patrizii (CASENT0235472), (O) D. penthos (CASENT0247383), (P) D. poweri (SAM-ENT-0011509), (Q) D. schulzei (CASENT0247370), (R) D. traegaordhi (CASENT0790122), (S) D. venus (CASENT0247017), (T) D. wakanda (CASENT0790326).With the exception of F, L, R,T, all other images are from https://www.antweb.org—photographers Michele Esposito and Will Ericson." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3542162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3542162/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">14J</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134B01D9E57AFF94FAFEF8A2BE0C041C" box="[1288,1310,1847,1870]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="47.[818,845,1061,1078]" captionTargetBox="[819,1440,147,1026]" captionTargetId="figure@47.[819,1440,147,1026]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="Fig. 37. Stacked digital color images of D. hawkesi sp. n. holotype (CASENT0235470—from https://www.antweb.org, photographerWill Ericson). (A) body in profile, (B) body in dorsal view, (C) head in full-face view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3542208" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3542208/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">37</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134B01D9E57AFF94FADAF8A2BE55041C" box="[1324,1351,1847,1870]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="48.[146,173,1782,1799]" captionTargetBox="[202,1386,147,1747]" captionTargetId="figure@48.[202,1386,147,1747]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="Fig. 38. Still images from shaded surface display volume renderings of D. hawkesi sp. n. holotype (CASENT0235470) showing virtually segmented body parts. (A) Body in dorsal view, (B) body in profile, (C) head in full-face view, (D) head in dorsal view, (E) head in anterodorsal view, (F) head in anterior view, (G) head in profile, (H) head in ventral view, (I) posterior propodeum in posterior view, (J) petiole in profile, (K) petiole and gaster in profile, (L) petiole in dorsal view, (M) petiole in anterior view, (N) petiole oblique anterior view, (O) gaster in dorsal view, (P) petiole in ventral view, (Q) abdominal sternite 3 in ventral view, (R) mesotibia and mesotarsus in anterior view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3542210" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3542210/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">38</figureCitation>
;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE57AFF94FCC4F8C2BF93043C" blockId="47.[818,1442,1812,1992]" box="[818,1153,1879,1902]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Supp Video S10 [online only])</paragraph>
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<typeStatus id="54CBA3FEE57AFF94FCC4F802B8B904F8" box="[818,939,1943,1962]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
, pinned worker,
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,
<collectingRegion id="49B4D3BEE57AFF94FACBF802BE8D04F8" box="[1341,1439,1943,1962]" country="Tanzania" name="Morogoro" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Morogoro</collectingRegion>
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, primary
<emphasis id="B904C14EE564FF8AFF64FD4ABBF201A2" bold="true" box="[146,224,735,752]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Model 10.</emphasis>
3D surface model of
<taxonomicName id="4C7066DFE564FF8AFE66FD4ABAFA01A2" authority="Hita-Garcia &amp; Lieberman &amp; Audisio &amp; Liu &amp; Economo, 2019" authorityName="Hita-Garcia &amp; Lieberman &amp; Audisio &amp; Liu &amp; Economo" authorityYear="2019" box="[400,488,735,752]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Discothyrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hawkesi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE564FF8AFE66FD4ABAFA01A2" box="[400,488,735,752]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">D. hawkesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2377C35E564FF8AFE1AFD4AB90B01A2" box="[492,537,735,752]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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(CASENT0235470). An interactive version of this model is available in the HTML version of this article online and at https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/fb11baa775634f20a8af 4c4533b41ab1.
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</paragraph>
<caption id="DF0F4DD4E565FF8BFF64F963BAE4043F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3542210" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3542210" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3542210/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" startId="48.[146,173,1782,1799]" targetBox="[202,1386,147,1747]" targetPageId="48">
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE565FF8BFF64F963BAE4043F" blockId="48.[146,1444,1782,1901]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE565FF8BFF64F963BBDC0455" bold="true" box="[146,206,1782,1799]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Fig. 38.</emphasis>
Still images from shaded surface display volume renderings of
<taxonomicName id="4C7066DFE565FF8BFD2BF963B8240455" authority="Hita-Garcia &amp; Lieberman &amp; Audisio &amp; Liu &amp; Economo, 2019" authorityName="Hita-Garcia &amp; Lieberman &amp; Audisio &amp; Liu &amp; Economo" authorityYear="2019" box="[733,822,1782,1799]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Discothyrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hawkesi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE565FF8BFD2BF963B8240455" box="[733,822,1782,1799]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">D. hawkesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2377C35E565FF8BFCCDF963B87A0455" box="[827,872,1782,1799]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
holotype (CASENT0235470) showing virtually segmented body parts. (A) Body in dorsal view, (B) body in profile, (C) head in full-face view, (D) head in dorsal view, (E) head in anterodorsal view, (F) head in anterior view, (G) head in profile, (H) head in ventral view, (I) posterior propodeum in posterior view, (J) petiole in profile, (K) petiole and gaster in profile, (L) petiole in dorsal view, (M) petiole in anterior view, (N) petiole oblique anterior view, (O) gaster in dorsal view, (P) petiole in ventral view, (Q) abdominal sternite 3 in ventral view, (R) mesotibia and mesotarsus in anterior view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE564FF8AFF64FCF7BAB0009F" blockId="49.[146,771,866,973]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
forest, leaf litter, collection code CEPF-TZ-6.2,
<date id="FFCE3B9CE564FF8AFDA0FCF7B9F00027" box="[598,738,866,885]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="2007-10-12" valueMax="2007-10-15" valueMin="2007-10-12">12.–15.X.2007</date>
(
<emphasis id="B904C14EE564FF8AFD04FCF7BAF100C0" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">P. Hawkes, M. Bhoke &amp; U. Richard</emphasis>
) (
<collectionCode id="ED618599E564FF8AFE0AFCEAB92C00C0" box="[508,574,895,914]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/94p5-pepz" name="Iziko Museums of Cape Town" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="Museum">SAMC</collectionCode>
: CASENT0235470).
<emphasis id="B904C14EE564FF8AFF64FC09BA1300FD" bold="true" box="[146,257,924,943]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<typeStatus id="54CBA3FEE564FF8AFF64FC09BA1300FD" box="[146,257,924,943]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="paratype">PARATYPE</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B181701E564FF8AFEE3FC08BA8C009F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2451560175" collectionCode="BMNH" country="Tanzania" elevation="700" latitude="-6.89388" location="Mkungwe Forest Reserve" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="37.90414" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" specimenCode="CASENT0250385" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Morogoro">
one pinned worker with same data as holotype (
<collectionCode id="ED618599E564FF8AFF6EFC2FBBF0009F" box="[152,226,954,973]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">BMNH</collectionCode>
:
<specimenCode id="DBD6B527E564FF8AFF1DFC2FBA8A009F" box="[235,408,954,973]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">CASENT0250385</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE564FF8AFF64FC67B9EE07A2" blockId="49.[146,770,1010,1264]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE564FF8AFF64FC67BBE50757" box="[146,247,1010,1029]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Cybertype.</emphasis>
Volumetric raw data (in DICOM format), 3D rotation video, still images of surface volume rendering, and 3D surface (in PLY format) of the physical
<typeStatus id="54CBA3FEE564FF8AFE52FBB8BAE70712" box="[420,501,1069,1088]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(CASENT0235470) in addition to stacked digital color images illustrating head in full-face view, profile and dorsal views of the body.The data are deposited at Dryad (Hita Garcia et al. 2019, http://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.3qm4183) and can be freely accessed as virtual representation of the type. In addition to the cybertype data at Dryad, we also provide a freely accessible 3D surface model of the
<typeStatus id="54CBA3FEE564FF8AFE36FB48B90307A2" box="[448,529,1245,1264]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
at Sketchfab (Model 10).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36A4ED7E564FF8AFF64FA99B98A0531" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE564FF8AFF64FA99BBFE064D" blockId="49.[146,770,1292,1635]" box="[146,236,1292,1311]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<heading id="D087AA30E564FF8AFF64FA99BBFE064D" bold="true" box="[146,236,1292,1311]" fontSize="8" level="3" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" reason="6">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE564FF8AFF64FA99BBFE064D" bold="true" box="[146,236,1292,1311]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE564FF8AFF64FABFB98A0531" blockId="49.[146,770,1292,1635]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
The following character combination distinguishes
<taxonomicName id="4C7066DFE564FF8AFD64FABFB813066F" authorityName="Hita-Garcia &amp; Lieberman &amp; Audisio &amp; Liu &amp; Economo" authorityYear="2019" box="[658,769,1322,1341]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Discothyrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hawkesi">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE564FF8AFD64FABFB813066F" box="[658,769,1322,1341]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">D. hawkesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the remainder of the complex: masticatory margin of mandible edentate; anterior clypeal margin bearing only few tiny, recurved setae; anterolateral corner of gena not sharply angled and not denticulate/dentate; eye absent, or reduced to a tiny pigmented spot; head distinctly longer than broad; mesosoma evenly and gently convex in profile; propodeum conspicuously dentate, declivitous face strongly concave; mesotibia without apicoventral spur; AT3 around 1.1 times longer than AT4 (ASI 89–92); abdominal sternite 3 not squared in profile; medial clypeus broad, not clearly projecting; erect pilosity absent on mesosoma and abdominal terga.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36A4ED7E564FF89FF64F9EAB919029C" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE564FF8AFF64F9EAB90705C0" blockId="49.[146,770,1663,1829]" box="[146,533,1663,1683]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<heading id="D087AA30E564FF8AFF64F9EAB90705C0" bold="true" box="[146,533,1663,1683]" fontSize="8" level="3" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" reason="6">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE564FF8AFF64F9EAB90705C0" bold="true" box="[146,533,1663,1683]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
Worker Measurements and Indices (
<emphasis id="B904C14EE564FF8AFE2BF915BAFB05C1" bold="true" box="[477,489,1664,1683]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">n</emphasis>
= 2)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE564FF8AFF64F908B9D00477" blockId="49.[146,770,1663,1829]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
EL 0.00; HL 0.46; HW 0.45–0.46; HW 0.36; SL 0.22–0.25;
<collectingCountry id="F3675DCCE564FF8AFD5AF908B9DB05E2" box="[684,713,1693,1712]" name="Philippines" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">PH</collectingCountry>
0.22– 0.23; PW 0.27–0.28; DML 0.31–0.32; PrH 0.25–0.27; WL 0.55– 0.58; HFL 0.25; PeL 0.06–0.07; PeW 0.17; PeH 0.17; LT3 0.31–0.32; LT4 0.28; OI 0; CI 78–80; SI 49–54; LMI 49–50; DMI 58–61; DMI2 86–87; ASI 89–92; HFI 54–56; DPeI 283–320; LPeI 243–283.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE564FF8AFF64F8AABA550400" blockId="49.[146,770,1855,1963]" box="[146,327,1855,1874]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<heading id="D087AA30E564FF8AFF64F8AABA550400" bold="true" box="[146,327,1855,1874]" fontSize="8" level="3" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" reason="6">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE564FF8AFF64F8AABA550400" bold="true" box="[146,327,1855,1874]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Worker Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE564FF8AFF64F8C9B8C001EA" blockId="49.[146,770,1855,1963]" lastBlockId="49.[818,1444,149,1958]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE564FF8AFF64F8C9BBD6043D" box="[146,196,1884,1903]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Head</emphasis>
clearly longer than broad, subrectangular (CI 78–80); posterior head margin straight; posterodorsal corners of head rounded; sides of head in frontal view subparallel; eye absent, or reduced to a tiny pigmented spot; frontal lamella rather low in profile, apex gently rounded; with distinct translucent basal fenestra, offset from remainder of disc which is more or less opaque; medial clypeus transverse to gently convex, lateral clypeus curving moderately strongly between antennal sockets and anterolateral corners of head, sides of medial clypeus subparallel laterad antennal sockets, bearing a few tiny, recurved setae.
<emphasis id="B904C14EE564FF8AFBC2FED3BF9E020B" box="[1076,1164,326,345]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Antennae</emphasis>
with relatively shorter scape (49–54), scape strongly incrassate, gently bent; pedicel subglobose, slightly longer than broad; true antennomere count nine; apparent antennomere count eight to ten, flagellomeres basad apical club highly compressed, taken together only about as long as apical club.
<emphasis id="B904C14EE564FF8AFC90FE4DB8CE02B9" box="[870,988,472,491]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Ventral head</emphasis>
with narrow, weakly sinuate postoccipital ridge without anteromedian carina; medial region of hypostoma roundedtriangular, arms somewhat narrowed, similar in width across their length; palpal formula not examined.
<emphasis id="B904C14EE564FF8AFB7EFDA5BFF20111" box="[1160,1248,560,579]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Mandible</emphasis>
edentate; basal angle broadly rounded, with blunt prebasal angle; ectal face with longitudinal carina running from prebasal angle to apex, confluent with masticatory margin in its distal half, creating a long, comma-shaped depressed region.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE564FF8AFCA4FD56BE96008C" blockId="49.[818,1444,149,1958]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE564FF8AFCA4FD56B8A60187" box="[850,948,707,725]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Mesosoma</emphasis>
evenly and gently convex in profile, pronotum very slightly higher than propodeum; in dorsal view mesosoma moderately thick (DMI 58–61; DMI2 86–87) and narrowed posteriorly, pronotum wider than propodeum; pronotal humeri broadly rounded; posterior propodeal margin very concave between denticles; posterodorsal corners of propodeum denticulate; denticles small but distinct, triangular, laterally flattened and slightly translucent; declivitous face of propodeum clearly concave in profile and oblique posterior view; propodeal spiracle fairly inconspicuous, directed posterolaterally; propodeal lobes well-developed, rounded.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE564FF8AFCA4FC7CBFC30764" blockId="49.[818,1444,149,1958]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE564FF8AFCA4FC7CB86F00A9" box="[850,893,1001,1019]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Legs</emphasis>
rather short and thin (HFI 54–56); mesotibia without apicoventral spur or seta; mesobasitarsus short, subequal to or shorter than tarsomeres II–IV taken together.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE564FF8AFCA4FBD5BFCF062A" blockId="49.[818,1444,149,1958]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE564FF8AFCA4FBD5B8DF0701" box="[850,973,1088,1107]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Petiolar node</emphasis>
somewhat thick in profile, about 2.4 to 2.8 times higher than long (LPeI 243–283); in profile anterior face of node convex, apex rounded to sloping posteroventrally, posterior face straight; in dorsal view, node roughly subrectangular, about 2.8 to 3.2 times broader than long (DPeI 283–320), sides slightly divergent posteriorly; in anterior view, petiolar outline very broad, roughly hexagonal, dorsal angles more poorly defined than lateral angles; in oblique anterior view, anterior face weakly concave; in ventral view, roughly trapezoidal, sides diverging posteriorly; subpetiolar process broad, lobate to rectangular, apex rounded to truncate; petiolar spiracles relatively small, reniform in ventral view.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE564FF8AFCA4FA16BF7505D2" blockId="49.[818,1444,149,1958]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE564FF8AFCA4FA16BF0906C4" box="[850,1051,1411,1430]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Abdominal segment 3</emphasis>
roughly campaniform, widest just anterad end of segment; tergite slightly anteriorly prolonged past anterior margin of
<collectingCountry id="F3675DCCE564FF8AFC63FA2BB8A10683" box="[917,947,1470,1489]" name="American Samoa" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">AS</collectingCountry>
3;
<collectingCountry id="F3675DCCE564FF8AFC3FFA2BB8F40683" box="[969,998,1470,1489]" name="American Samoa" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">AS</collectingCountry>
3 bulging unevenly, deepest point posterad longitudinal midline in profile, with thick median lobe; prora sinuate; AT3 around 1.1 times longer than AT4 (ASI 89–92); AT4 gently recurved, hemidemispherical;
<collectingCountry id="F3675DCCE564FF8AFBC4F983BF5F057B" box="[1074,1101,1558,1577]" name="American Samoa" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">AS</collectingCountry>
4 with quite short but broad anterior lip, overlapping most of the width of
<collectingCountry id="F3675DCCE564FF8AFB67F9A6BFBD0514" box="[1169,1199,1587,1606]" name="American Samoa" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">AS</collectingCountry>
3, anterior margin straight to weakly convex in ventral view; successive abdominal segments short, telescopic, often concealed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE564FF8AFCA4F91EBEB6043E" blockId="49.[818,1444,149,1958]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE564FF8AFCA4F91EB8B505CC" box="[850,935,1675,1694]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Sculpture</emphasis>
on head densely foveolate, foveolae becoming smaller and denser towards midline of head; mandibles with sparse but distinct piligerous punctae; mesosoma and petiole similarly sculptured to head, becoming punctate-reticulate, mesosoma equally sculptured on dorsum and sides; abdominal segment 3 somewhat sparsely but coarsely punctate, sculpture similar on tergite and sternite; AT4 coriarious-punctate and notably shinier than AT3, sometimes appearing finely granulate or scabriculous due to distribution of punctae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE564FF89FCA4F8E3B9DC02C1" blockId="49.[818,1444,149,1958]" lastBlockId="50.[146,771,149,462]" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE564FF8AFCA4F8E3B88904DB" box="[850,923,1910,1929]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Setation</emphasis>
on head consisting of very fine, inconspicuous appressed pubescence; scape with longer, denser, but still quite fine white appressed pubescence; ectal face of mandible with fairly long, curved, mostly appressed setae; masticatory margin with row of straight setae; mesosomal dorsum, petiolar node, and gastral dorsum with distinct, well-spaced pilosity, appressed to suberect; more standing hairs present on AT3 than other segments; sides of mesosoma and petiole glabrous; sides of gastral terga with some diffuse, fine appressed pubescence; petiolar sternite and abdominal sternite 3 with a few short, erect hairs; abdominal segments five through seven with relatively long, flexuous hairs; legs mostly hairless, with scattered appressed pubescence.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE567FF89FF44FE08B919029C" blockId="50.[146,771,149,462]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE567FF89FF44FE08BBF502E2" box="[178,231,413,432]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Color</emphasis>
testaceous orange, sometimes becoming yellowish in places on gaster; appendages dull yellow.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36A4ED7E567FF89FF64FD93B9FC01FE" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE567FF89FF64FD93BBE7014B" blockId="50.[146,770,518,684]" box="[146,245,518,537]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<heading id="D087AA30E567FF89FF64FD93BBE7014B" bold="true" box="[146,245,518,537]" fontSize="8" level="3" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" reason="6">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE567FF89FF64FD93BBE7014B" bold="true" box="[146,245,518,537]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Etymology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE567FF89FF64FDB6B9FC01FE" blockId="50.[146,770,518,684]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
The species name is a patronym in honor of our great colleague Peter Hawkes from Pretoria,
<collectingCountry id="F3675DCCE567FF89FE92FDD5BAC50101" box="[356,471,576,595]" name="South Africa" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">South Africa</collectingCountry>
, who is likely the most important contemporary collector of Afrotropical ants. He was so kind as to provide invaluable material, without which this revision would not have been possible. The specific epithet is given as a genitive noun.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36A4ED7E567FF89FF64FD4DB9F30011" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE567FF89FF64FD4DBA6A01B9" blockId="50.[146,770,728,836]" box="[146,376,728,747]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<heading id="D087AA30E567FF89FF64FD4DBA6A01B9" bold="true" box="[146,376,728,747]" fontSize="8" level="3" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" reason="6">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE567FF89FF64FD4DBA6A01B9" bold="true" box="[146,376,728,747]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Distribution and Biology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE567FF89FF64FD60B9F30011" blockId="50.[146,770,728,836]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
Currently,
<taxonomicName id="4C7066DFE567FF89FF0EFD63BA71005A" authorityName="Hita-Garcia &amp; Lieberman &amp; Audisio &amp; Liu &amp; Economo" authorityYear="2019" box="[248,355,757,776]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Discothyrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hawkesi">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE567FF89FF0EFD63BA71005A" box="[248,355,757,776]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">D. hawkesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known only from the Mkungwe Forest Reserve in
<collectingCountry id="F3675DCCE567FF89FF08FC86BA430074" box="[254,337,787,806]" name="Tanzania" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="134B01D9E567FF89FE95FC86BAB60074" box="[355,420,787,806]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[146,173,1283,1300]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,148,1247]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[152,1435,147,1248]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Maps showing the known distribution ranges of Afrotropical Discothyrea species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3542140" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3542140/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 4J</figureCitation>
), where it was collected in primary forest at an elevation of
<quantity id="4C88B0B9E567FF89FE84FCA5BABF0016" box="[370,429,816,836]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="700.0">700 m</quantity>
and apparently lives in leaf litter.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36A4ED7E567FF89FCC4FF00BE8902E9" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE567FF89FCC4FF00B88403FA" blockId="50.[818,1443,149,344]" box="[818,918,149,168]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<heading id="D087AA30E567FF89FCC4FF00B88403FA" bold="true" box="[818,918,149,168]" fontSize="8" level="3" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" reason="6">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE567FF89FCC4FF00B88403FA" bold="true" box="[818,918,149,168]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Comments</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE567FF89FCC4FF26BFA0020A" blockId="50.[818,1443,149,344]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName id="4C7066DFE567FF89FCC4FF26B8E20394" authorityName="Hita-Garcia &amp; Lieberman &amp; Audisio &amp; Liu &amp; Economo" authorityYear="2019" box="[818,1008,179,198]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Discothyrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hawkesi">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE567FF89FCC4FF26B8E20394" box="[818,1008,179,198]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Discothyrea hawkesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a member of a possible natural group within the
<taxonomicName id="4C7066DFE567FF89FCA0FF45B8AD03B1" authorityName="Santschi" authorityYear="1913" box="[854,959,208,227]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Discothyrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="traegaordhi">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE567FF89FCA0FF45B8AD03B1" box="[854,959,208,227]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">traegaordhi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-complex that also includes the species
<taxonomicName id="4C7066DFE567FF89FAC0FF44BE8F03B1" authorityName="Hita-Garcia &amp; Lieberman &amp; Audisio &amp; Liu &amp; Economo" authorityYear="2019" box="[1334,1437,208,227]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Discothyrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kalypso">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE567FF89FAC0FF44BE8F03B1" box="[1334,1437,208,227]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">D. kalypso</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C7066DFE567FF89FCC4FF7BB86C0252" authorityName="Hita-Garcia &amp; Lieberman &amp; Audisio &amp; Liu &amp; Economo" authorityYear="2019" box="[818,894,238,256]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Discothyrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maia">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE567FF89FCC4FF7BB86C0252" box="[818,894,238,256]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">D. maia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C7066DFE567FF89FC7CFF7BB8EB0252" authorityName="Hita-Garcia &amp; Lieberman &amp; Audisio &amp; Liu &amp; Economo" authorityYear="2019" box="[906,1017,237,256]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Discothyrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="michelae">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE567FF89FC7CFF7BB8EB0252" box="[906,1017,237,256]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">D. michelae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C7066DFE567FF89FBC6FF7BBF850252" authorityName="Hita-Garcia &amp; Lieberman &amp; Audisio &amp; Liu &amp; Economo" authorityYear="2019" box="[1072,1175,237,256]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Discothyrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="penthos">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE567FF89FBC6FF7BBF850252" box="[1072,1175,237,256]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">D. penthos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. These species are united by the presence of differentiated denticles on the propodeum. However, within this assemblage,
<taxonomicName id="4C7066DFE567FF89FBE7FEBCBF680269" authorityName="Hita-Garcia &amp; Lieberman &amp; Audisio &amp; Liu &amp; Economo" authorityYear="2019" box="[1041,1146,296,315]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Discothyrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hawkesi">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE567FF89FBE7FEBCBF680269" box="[1041,1146,296,315]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">D. hawkesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lacks the structure of the third abdominal sternite found in these species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE567FF89FCC4FE1EB89A02CC" blockId="50.[818,1435,395,444]" box="[818,904,395,414]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<heading id="D087AA30E567FF89FCC4FE1EB89A02CC" bold="true" box="[818,904,395,414]" fontSize="8" level="3" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" reason="6">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE567FF89FCC4FE1EB89A02CC" bold="true" box="[818,904,395,414]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Variation</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE567FF89FCC4FE3DBE8902E9" blockId="50.[818,1435,395,444]" box="[818,1435,424,444]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">The two known specimens do not display any significant variation.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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