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151 lines
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.158.1910" ID-GBIF-Dataset="45221874-7fe5-4bd5-a3da-3b318b7dd9a8" ID-PMC="PMC3253626" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-158-1" ID-PubMed="22303109" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1313-2970-158-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 158" ModsDocTitle="A Revision of the Stylasteridae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Filifera) from Alaska and Adjacent Waters" checkinTime="1451249442870" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Cairns, Stephen D. & Lindner, Alberto" docDate="2011" docId="011563176425E937A9078C108EE0C33D" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 158: 1-88" docOrigin="ZooKeys 158" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.158.1910" docTitle="Stylaster leptostylus Fisher 1938, new rank" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="42" masterDocId="CD06FFFFD917034E2D15FFB73E6BFFD7" masterDocTitle="A Revision of the Stylasteridae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Filifera) from Alaska and Adjacent Waters" masterLastPageNumber="88" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="40" updateTime="1668153073747" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A Revision of the Stylasteridae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Filifera) from Alaska and Adjacent Waters</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Cairns, Stephen D.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lindner, Alberto</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>158</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>88</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.158.1910</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.158.1910</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-158-1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152032766" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:011563176425E937A9078C108EE0C33D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/011563176425E937A9078C108EE0C33D" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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<subSubSection pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Stylaster_leptostylus" authority="Fisher, 1938" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1938" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Stylaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stylaster leptostylus" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="leptostylus">Stylaster leptostylus (Fisher, 1938)</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="39" pageNumber="40">new rank</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 17E19
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–I">A-I</normalizedToken>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Allopora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Allopora moseleyana" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="moseleyana">Allopora moseleyana</taxonomicName>
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forma leptostyla Fisher, 1938: 514, pl. 52, figs, 1-3.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Allopora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Allopora moseleyana" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="moseleyana">Allopora moseleyana</taxonomicName>
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Fisher, 1938: in part (pl. 50).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Stylaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stylaster moseleyanus" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="moseleyanus">Stylaster moseleyanus</taxonomicName>
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forma leptostylus.-
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<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Science" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="427 - 508" title="A generic revision of the Stylasterina (Coelenterata: Hydrozoa). Part 1. Description of the genera." volume="33" year="1983 b">Cairns 1983b</bibRefCitation>
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: 429.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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Holotype: Alb-3480, 1 dry male colony 8.5 cm in height, and SEM stub 1544, USNM 43270 (Fig. 17E). Paratypes: Alb-3480, 4 female, 2 male colonies, dry, and SEM stub 1536-38, USNM 76817. Type locality.Alb-3480:
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="52.1">52°06'00"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-171.75">171°45'00"W</geoCoordinate>
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(off Seguam Island, Amukta Pass), 518 m.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="material examined">
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<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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Types. Alb-3480, 2 female, 1 male colonies, dry, USNM 76555 (paratype of
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<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Allopora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Allopora moseleyana" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="moseleyana">Allopora moseleyana</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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Corallum uniplanar, branching equal and dichotomous; no anastomosis of branches. Largest colony (the holotype, Fig. 17E) 8.5 cm in height and 7.0 cm in width, with a basal branch diameter of 8.4 mm. All branches circular in cross section. Commensal spionid polychaetes absent. Coenosteum reticulate-granular i
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<pageBreakToken pageId="40" pageNumber="41" start="start">n</pageBreakToken>
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texture, the coenosteal strips 45-55
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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in width, the slits about 15
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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in width; strips; strips not linear near cyclosystems. Coenosteum white.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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Cyclosystems occur on branch edges and anterior face, but rarely on posterior face, those on edges not aligned in rows. Cyclosystems circular, 1.0-1.1 mm in diameter, and raised only slightly above branch coenosteum. Gastropores about 0.35 mm in diameter, leading to a slightly curved, funnel-shaped upper tube that narrows to a cylindrical lower part that houses the gastrostyle (Fig. 19
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<normalizedToken originalValue="G–H">G-H</normalizedToken>
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); ring palisade absent. Gastrostyles elongate-lanceolate, up to 0.6 mm in length, occupying lower half of gastropore tube, its pointed tip easily seen in an intact cyclosystem; H:D about 3.5.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="41" pageNumber="42" start="start">Dactylotomes</pageBreakToken>
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0.10-0.13 mm wide; dactylostyles moderate in size, elements up to 50
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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in length. Range of dactylopores per cyclosystem 7-12 (n = 50, average = 9.76 (σ = 1.92), mode = 9). Supernumerary dactylopores absent. Pseudosepta slender and fairly uniform in width (0.10-0.11 mm), an adcauline diastema of twice that width sometimes present.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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Female ampullae (Fig. 19D) large, smooth, superficial hemispheres 0.9-1.1 mm in diameter, occasionally having a lateral efferent pore about 0.20 mm in diameter. Male ampullae (Fig. 19A) superficial swellings 0.45-0.55 mm in diameter, often clustered on anterior and posterior branch faces; apical efferent pores about 25
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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in diameter.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<bibRefCitation author="Fisher, WK" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="493 - 554" title="Hydrocorals of the North Pacific Ocean." url="doi: 10.5479/si.00963801.84-3024.493" volume="84" year="1938">Fisher (1938)</bibRefCitation>
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originally differentiated forma leptostyla from typical
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<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Allopora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Allopora moseleyana" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="moseleyana">Allopora moseleyana</taxonomicName>
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(=
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<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Stylaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stylaster campylecus" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="campylecus">Stylaster campylecus</taxonomicName>
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) based on its more slender gastrostyle and smaller male ampullae. We cannot find a difference in ampulla size between forma leptostyla and typical
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<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Stylaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stylaster campylecus" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="campylecus">Stylaster campylecus</taxonomicName>
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, but the gastrostyle of leptostyla is longer and more slender than that of
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<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Stylaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stylaster campylecus" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="campylecus">Stylaster campylecus</taxonomicName>
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, occupying more of the gastropore tube (and thus having a higher H:D ratio) and being more visible from external view. In addition to this difference, forma leptostyla differs from
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<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Stylaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stylaster campylecus" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="campylecus">Stylaster campylecus</taxonomicName>
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in having equal, non-anastomosing branching; branches circular in cross section; less exsert cyclosystems; non-linearly arranged cyclosystems; fewer dactylopores per cyclosystem; and consistently reticulate coenosteal strips (see Table 2). For these reasons this form is elevated to species rank but is considered to be closely related to
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<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Stylaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stylaster campylecus" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="campylecus">Stylaster campylecus</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Known only from type locality.</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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Figure 19.
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<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Stylaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stylaster leptostylus" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="leptostylus">Stylaster leptostylus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="D–I">D-I</normalizedToken>
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paratypes from USNM 76817, C holotype, USNM 43270: A stereo view of a male branch B a cyclosystem C gastrostyle D stereo view of a gastrostyle and female ampullae
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<normalizedToken originalValue="E–F">E-F</normalizedToken>
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coenosteal texture
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<normalizedToken originalValue="G–H">G-H</normalizedToken>
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gastrostyle I two dactylostyles.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document>
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