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<mods:title id="5C6B60F240F1FD27224577563A6AFEF3">Intertidal Bryozoa (Cheilostomata) of Ketchikan, Alaska</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B5B5E335835FC960E26701BD175C9D0D">Grischenko, Andrei V.</mods:namePart>
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<heading id="D0907D2EFFF4FFF0DE871ECC89BEBBFC" box="[412,919,1459,1483]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="40" pageNumber="3726" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C67B1C1FFF4FFF0DE871ECC89BEBBFC" ID-CoL="S3WC" authority="Dick and Ross, 1988" authorityName="Dick and Ross" authorityYear="1988" box="[412,919,1459,1483]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Hippothoidae" genus="Celleporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="40" pageNumber="3726" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="reflexa">
<emphasis id="B9131650FFF4FFF0DE871ECC88BEBBFC" bold="true" box="[412,663,1459,1483]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="3726">Celleporella reflexa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF6B7B3FFF4FFF0DDBB1ECC89BEBBFC" author="Dick MH &amp; Ross JRP" box="[672,919,1459,1483]" pageId="40" pageNumber="3726" refId="ref46924" refString="Dick MH, Ross JRP. 1988. Intertidal Bryozoa (Cheilostomata) of the Kodiak vicinity, Alaska. Bellingham: Western Washington University. 133 p. (Centre for Pacific Northwest Studies occasional paper; 23)." type="book" year="1988">Dick and Ross, 1988</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="8BD8CA42FFF4FFF0DD271EAB88C6BBDB" blockId="40.[412,919,1459,1516]" box="[572,751,1492,1516]" pageId="40" pageNumber="3726">
(
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)
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<emphasis id="B9131650FFF4FFF0DF831D638B4BB803" box="[152,354,1564,1588]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="3726">Celleporella reflexa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF6B7B3FFF4FFF0DE701D6388BFB803" author="Dick MH &amp; Ross JRP" box="[363,662,1564,1588]" pageId="40" pageNumber="3726" refId="ref46924" refString="Dick MH, Ross JRP. 1988. Intertidal Bryozoa (Cheilostomata) of the Kodiak vicinity, Alaska. Bellingham: Western Washington University. 133 p. (Centre for Pacific Northwest Studies occasional paper; 23)." type="book" year="1988">Dick and Ross 1988 p 83</bibRefCitation>
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, Plates 6C–H, 12E.
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<emphasis id="B9131650FFF4FFF0DF831D228B44B842" box="[152,365,1629,1653]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="3726">Celleporella hyalina</emphasis>
: 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF6B7B3FFF4FFF0DE661D228888B842" author="Dick MH &amp; Ross JRP" box="[381,673,1629,1653]" pageId="40" pageNumber="3726" pagination="87 - 93" refId="ref46875" refString="Dick MH, Ross JRP. 1986. Intertidal cheilostome bryozoans in rock-pile habitat at Narrow Strait, Kodiak, Alaska. In: Nielsen C, Larwood GP, editors. Bryozoa: Ordovician to Recent. Fredensborg: Olsen and Olsen. p 87 - 93." type="book chapter" year="1986">Dick and Ross 1986 p 89</bibRefCitation>
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(in part); 
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF6B7B3FFF4FFF0DC011D2289CBB842" author="Soule DF &amp; Soule JD &amp; Chaney HW" box="[794,994,1629,1653]" pageId="40" pageNumber="3726" pagination="1 - 344" refId="ref49777" refString="Soule DF, Soule JD, Chaney HW. 1995. Taxonomic atlas of the benthic fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and western Santa Barbara Channel. Irene McCulloch Foundation Monograph Series 2: 1 - 344." type="book chapter" year="1995">Soule et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
, p 183
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(in part:
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Plate 66A, specimen from 
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, 
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).
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Figure 10. 
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<emphasis id="B9131650FFF5FFF1DFEE1FA48BBDBAD9" box="[245,404,1243,1262]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="3727">Celleporella reflexa</emphasis>
Dick and Ross
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: (A) portion of a colony showing unilaminar, oligoserial growth, with autozooids and male zooids (small orifices) in primary layer; (B) variation in autozooidal orifice shape in two adjacent zooids; elongate orifice shape at right is more typical of specimens from Kodiak, Alaska, the type locality; (C) autozooids and male zooids in primary layer at margin of a coherent colony; note weak transverse ridges; (D) ovicellate female zooids in primary layer (rare at Ketchikan) and autozooids showing typically pronounced transverse ridges; (E) autozooids in primary layer and frontally budded male and female zooids; (F) frontally budded autozooids, male zooids, and female zooids in a colony with a thick secondary layer; note subimmersed ovicells. All specimens bleached. Scale bars: 1 mm (A); 100 Mm (B); 500 Mm (C, E, F); 400 Mm (D).
</paragraph>
</caption>
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<emphasis id="B9131650FFF5FFF1DF911EB68B2ABBD6" box="[138,259,1481,1505]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="3727">Description</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B9131650FFF5FFF1DF911E858AF6B825" box="[138,223,1530,1554]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="3727">Colony.</emphasis>
Off-white, vitreous; uniserial, oligoserial, broadly multiserial, or a coherent sheet, with a single colony often giving rise to these different morphologies with variations in substrate; initially unilaminar, with autozooids and male zooids in primary layer (
<figureCitation id="135CD6C7FFF5FFF1DF891D248B6AB844" box="[146,323,1627,1651]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="41.[138,198,1243,1262]" captionTargetBox="[138,1186,133,1207]" captionTargetId="figure-62@41.[138,1186,133,1207]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Figure 10. Celleporella reflexa Dick and Ross: (A) portion of a colony showing unilaminar, oligoserial growth, with autozooids and male zooids (small orifices) in primary layer; (B) variation in autozooidal orifice shape in two adjacent zooids; elongate orifice shape at right is more typical of specimens from Kodiak, Alaska, the type locality; (C) autozooids and male zooids in primary layer at margin of a coherent colony; note weak transverse ridges; (D) ovicellate female zooids in primary layer (rare at Ketchikan) and autozooids showing typically pronounced transverse ridges; (E) autozooids in primary layer and frontally budded male and female zooids; (F) frontally budded autozooids, male zooids, and female zooids in a colony with a thick secondary layer; note subimmersed ovicells. All specimens bleached. Scale bars: 1 mm (A); 100 Mm (B); 500 Mm (C, E, F); 400 Mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5220928" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5220928/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="3727">Figure 10A, C</figureCitation>
); subsequently some colonies produce one or more frontally budded layers containing all zooid 
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(
<figureCitation id="135CD6C7FFF5FFF1DD0B1D0488BFB8A4" box="[528,662,1659,1683]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="41.[138,198,1243,1262]" captionTargetBox="[138,1186,133,1207]" captionTargetId="figure-62@41.[138,1186,133,1207]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Figure 10. Celleporella reflexa Dick and Ross: (A) portion of a colony showing unilaminar, oligoserial growth, with autozooids and male zooids (small orifices) in primary layer; (B) variation in autozooidal orifice shape in two adjacent zooids; elongate orifice shape at right is more typical of specimens from Kodiak, Alaska, the type locality; (C) autozooids and male zooids in primary layer at margin of a coherent colony; note weak transverse ridges; (D) ovicellate female zooids in primary layer (rare at Ketchikan) and autozooids showing typically pronounced transverse ridges; (E) autozooids in primary layer and frontally budded male and female zooids; (F) frontally budded autozooids, male zooids, and female zooids in a colony with a thick secondary layer; note subimmersed ovicells. All specimens bleached. Scale bars: 1 mm (A); 100 Mm (B); 500 Mm (C, E, F); 400 Mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5220928" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5220928/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="3727">Figure 10F</figureCitation>
). At Ketchikan, female zooids occurred only rarely in primary layer (
<figureCitation id="135CD6C7FFF6FFF2DE8E1BF68808BE96" box="[405,545,137,161]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="41.[138,198,1243,1262]" captionTargetBox="[138,1186,133,1207]" captionTargetId="figure-62@41.[138,1186,133,1207]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Figure 10. Celleporella reflexa Dick and Ross: (A) portion of a colony showing unilaminar, oligoserial growth, with autozooids and male zooids (small orifices) in primary layer; (B) variation in autozooidal orifice shape in two adjacent zooids; elongate orifice shape at right is more typical of specimens from Kodiak, Alaska, the type locality; (C) autozooids and male zooids in primary layer at margin of a coherent colony; note weak transverse ridges; (D) ovicellate female zooids in primary layer (rare at Ketchikan) and autozooids showing typically pronounced transverse ridges; (E) autozooids in primary layer and frontally budded male and female zooids; (F) frontally budded autozooids, male zooids, and female zooids in a colony with a thick secondary layer; note subimmersed ovicells. All specimens bleached. Scale bars: 1 mm (A); 100 Mm (B); 500 Mm (C, E, F); 400 Mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5220928" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5220928/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="3728">Figure 10D</figureCitation>
). Encrusting hard substrates; largest colony observed 
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across, though aggregations of colonies can cover larger areas.
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<emphasis id="B9131650FFF6FFF2DF661B958AE5BF35" box="[125,204,234,258]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="3728">Zooids.</emphasis>
Autozooids distinct in primary layer, separated by a shallow groove, spindleshaped, widest in middle, tapering proximally, narrowing and rounded distally, 
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long (average 
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, 
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515, 3) by 
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wide (average 
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, 
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515, 3); between adjacent zooids are a few slit-like lacunae and up to eight circular, infundibular openings that lead to the pore chambers connecting zooids. Zooidal boundaries obscured in colonies with a thick, frontally budded layer; autozooids can become orientated almost vertically, and the grooves between all zooid 
<typeStatus id="54DC74E0FFF6FFF2DCDA1AD389D5BFF3" box="[961,1020,428,452]" pageId="42" pageNumber="3728">types</typeStatus>
(autozooids, female zooids, male zooids, zooeciules) completely filled with coarsely porous kenozooidal calcification. Ovicellate zooids small, more-or-less triangular in shape (
<figureCitation id="135CD6C7FFF6FFF2DCCE1A928EACBC32" box="[981,1157,493,517]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="41.[138,198,1243,1262]" captionTargetBox="[138,1186,133,1207]" captionTargetId="figure-62@41.[138,1186,133,1207]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Figure 10. Celleporella reflexa Dick and Ross: (A) portion of a colony showing unilaminar, oligoserial growth, with autozooids and male zooids (small orifices) in primary layer; (B) variation in autozooidal orifice shape in two adjacent zooids; elongate orifice shape at right is more typical of specimens from Kodiak, Alaska, the type locality; (C) autozooids and male zooids in primary layer at margin of a coherent colony; note weak transverse ridges; (D) ovicellate female zooids in primary layer (rare at Ketchikan) and autozooids showing typically pronounced transverse ridges; (E) autozooids in primary layer and frontally budded male and female zooids; (F) frontally budded autozooids, male zooids, and female zooids in a colony with a thick secondary layer; note subimmersed ovicells. All specimens bleached. Scale bars: 1 mm (A); 100 Mm (B); 500 Mm (C, E, F); 400 Mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5220928" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5220928/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="3728">Figure 10D, E</figureCitation>
), widest at orifice, 
<quantity id="4C9F67A7FFF6FFF2DE5019728BDABC12" box="[331,499,525,549]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="42" pageNumber="3728" unit="mm" value="0.32" valueMax="0.4" valueMin="0.24">0.24–0.40 mm</quantity>
long including ovicell (average 
<quantity id="4C9F67A7FFF6FFF2DC7E197289DABC12" box="[869,1011,525,549]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.034599999999999" pageId="42" pageNumber="3728" unit="mm" value="50.346">50.346 mm</quantity>
, 
<emphasis id="B9131650FFF6FFF2DB1919718E39BC12" box="[1026,1040,526,549]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="3728">n</emphasis>
515, 3) by 
<quantity id="4C9F67A7FFF6FFF2DF6619518B0CBC71" box="[125,293,558,582]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.55" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="42" pageNumber="3728" unit="mm" value="0.255" valueMax="0.3" valueMin="0.21">0.21–0.30 mm</quantity>
wide (average 
<quantity id="4C9F67A7FFF6FFF2DED519518875BC71" box="[462,604,558,582]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.025" pageId="42" pageNumber="3728" unit="mm" value="50.25">50.250 mm</quantity>
, 
<emphasis id="B9131650FFF6FFF2DD7119508851BC71" box="[618,632,559,582]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="3728">n</emphasis>
515, 3). Male zooids like autozooids in form, similar in size or somewhat to considerably smaller.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD8CA42FFF6FFF2DF6619F089AEBCDF" blockId="42.[125,1172,655,744]" pageId="42" pageNumber="3728">
<emphasis id="B9131650FFF6FFF2DF6619F08B3BBC90" box="[125,274,655,679]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="3728">Frontal wall.</emphasis>
Thin, vitreous, translucent, markedly convex, usually with conspicuous, irregular transverse folds or ridges along the whole length, though sometimes these are scarcely developed. Basal wall with oval uncalcified area in centre.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD8CA42FFF6FFF2DF66186E89C5BA5A" blockId="42.[125,1172,785,1133]" pageId="42" pageNumber="3728">
<emphasis id="B9131650FFF6FFF2DF66186E8AE6BD1E" box="[125,207,785,809]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="3728">Orifice.</emphasis>
Autozooidal orifice typically longer than broad (
<figureCitation id="135CD6C7FFF6FFF2DC11186E89A6BD1E" box="[778,911,785,809]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="41.[138,198,1243,1262]" captionTargetBox="[138,1186,133,1207]" captionTargetId="figure-62@41.[138,1186,133,1207]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Figure 10. Celleporella reflexa Dick and Ross: (A) portion of a colony showing unilaminar, oligoserial growth, with autozooids and male zooids (small orifices) in primary layer; (B) variation in autozooidal orifice shape in two adjacent zooids; elongate orifice shape at right is more typical of specimens from Kodiak, Alaska, the type locality; (C) autozooids and male zooids in primary layer at margin of a coherent colony; note weak transverse ridges; (D) ovicellate female zooids in primary layer (rare at Ketchikan) and autozooids showing typically pronounced transverse ridges; (E) autozooids in primary layer and frontally budded male and female zooids; (F) frontally budded autozooids, male zooids, and female zooids in a colony with a thick secondary layer; note subimmersed ovicells. All specimens bleached. Scale bars: 1 mm (A); 100 Mm (B); 500 Mm (C, E, F); 400 Mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5220928" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5220928/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="3728">Figure 10B</figureCitation>
, right), 
<quantity id="4C9F67A7FFF6FFF2DCF6186E8EBDBD1E" box="[1005,1172,785,809]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="42" pageNumber="3728" unit="mm" value="0.12" valueMax="0.13" valueMin="0.11">0.11–0.13 mm</quantity>
long (average 
<quantity id="4C9F67A7FFF6FFF2DE00184E8B80BD7E" box="[283,425,817,841]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0121" pageId="42" pageNumber="3728" unit="mm" value="50.121">50.121 mm</quantity>
, 
<emphasis id="B9131650FFF6FFF2DEA2184D8BEEBD7E" box="[441,455,818,841]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="3728">n</emphasis>
515, 3) by 
<quantity id="4C9F67A7FFF6FFF2DD43184E8929BD7E" box="[600,768,817,841]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="9.0" pageId="42" pageNumber="3728" unit="mm" value="0.095" valueMax="0.1" valueMin="0.09">0.09–0.10 mm</quantity>
wide (average 
<quantity id="4C9F67A7FFF6FFF2DCB6184E8E12BD7E" box="[941,1083,817,841]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0096" pageId="42" pageNumber="3728" unit="mm" value="50.096">50.096 mm</quantity>
, 
<emphasis id="B9131650FFF6FFF2DB50184D8E70BD7E" box="[1099,1113,818,841]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="3728">n</emphasis>
515, 3). In some colonies, most zooids have an orifice as broad as, or broader than, long (
<figureCitation id="135CD6C7FFF6FFF2DF9E180D8B23BDBD" box="[133,266,882,906]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="41.[138,198,1243,1262]" captionTargetBox="[138,1186,133,1207]" captionTargetId="figure-62@41.[138,1186,133,1207]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Figure 10. Celleporella reflexa Dick and Ross: (A) portion of a colony showing unilaminar, oligoserial growth, with autozooids and male zooids (small orifices) in primary layer; (B) variation in autozooidal orifice shape in two adjacent zooids; elongate orifice shape at right is more typical of specimens from Kodiak, Alaska, the type locality; (C) autozooids and male zooids in primary layer at margin of a coherent colony; note weak transverse ridges; (D) ovicellate female zooids in primary layer (rare at Ketchikan) and autozooids showing typically pronounced transverse ridges; (E) autozooids in primary layer and frontally budded male and female zooids; (F) frontally budded autozooids, male zooids, and female zooids in a colony with a thick secondary layer; note subimmersed ovicells. All specimens bleached. Scale bars: 1 mm (A); 100 Mm (B); 500 Mm (C, E, F); 400 Mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5220928" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5220928/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="3728">Figure 10B</figureCitation>
, left); this is especially pronounced in frontally budded autozooids comprising a secondary layer. Orifice typically with a moderately broad, deep U- or rounded V-shaped proximal sinus (
<figureCitation id="135CD6C7FFF6FFF2DE2D18CC8B93BDFC" box="[310,442,947,971]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="41.[138,198,1243,1262]" captionTargetBox="[138,1186,133,1207]" captionTargetId="figure-62@41.[138,1186,133,1207]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Figure 10. Celleporella reflexa Dick and Ross: (A) portion of a colony showing unilaminar, oligoserial growth, with autozooids and male zooids (small orifices) in primary layer; (B) variation in autozooidal orifice shape in two adjacent zooids; elongate orifice shape at right is more typical of specimens from Kodiak, Alaska, the type locality; (C) autozooids and male zooids in primary layer at margin of a coherent colony; note weak transverse ridges; (D) ovicellate female zooids in primary layer (rare at Ketchikan) and autozooids showing typically pronounced transverse ridges; (E) autozooids in primary layer and frontally budded male and female zooids; (F) frontally budded autozooids, male zooids, and female zooids in a colony with a thick secondary layer; note subimmersed ovicells. All specimens bleached. Scale bars: 1 mm (A); 100 Mm (B); 500 Mm (C, E, F); 400 Mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5220928" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5220928/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="3728">Figure 10B</figureCitation>
) between sharp condyles pointing distally or distomedially and separated from lateral margin by a notch; however there is variation, and in some zooids the condyles are blunt, directed almost medially, and without a discernible notch. Orifice of male zooids similar in shape to that of autozooids, but three-fifths to less than one-half the length. Female secondary orifice D-shaped in frontal view (
<figureCitation id="135CD6C7FFF6FFF2DC3A1F4B8982BA7B" box="[801,939,1076,1100]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="41.[138,198,1243,1262]" captionTargetBox="[138,1186,133,1207]" captionTargetId="figure-62@41.[138,1186,133,1207]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Figure 10. Celleporella reflexa Dick and Ross: (A) portion of a colony showing unilaminar, oligoserial growth, with autozooids and male zooids (small orifices) in primary layer; (B) variation in autozooidal orifice shape in two adjacent zooids; elongate orifice shape at right is more typical of specimens from Kodiak, Alaska, the type locality; (C) autozooids and male zooids in primary layer at margin of a coherent colony; note weak transverse ridges; (D) ovicellate female zooids in primary layer (rare at Ketchikan) and autozooids showing typically pronounced transverse ridges; (E) autozooids in primary layer and frontally budded male and female zooids; (F) frontally budded autozooids, male zooids, and female zooids in a colony with a thick secondary layer; note subimmersed ovicells. All specimens bleached. Scale bars: 1 mm (A); 100 Mm (B); 500 Mm (C, E, F); 400 Mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5220928" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5220928/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="3728">Figure 10D</figureCitation>
), broader than long, with a shallowly concave proximal margin evident from a more distal view.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD8CA42FFF6FFF2DF661FE98B17BA99" blockId="42.[125,318,1174,1198]" box="[125,318,1174,1198]" pageId="42" pageNumber="3728">
<emphasis id="B9131650FFF6FFF2DF661FE98AE5BA99" box="[125,204,1174,1198]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="3728">Spines.</emphasis>
Lacking.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD8CA42FFF6FFF2DF661FA88B42BAD8" blockId="42.[125,363,1239,1263]" box="[125,363,1239,1263]" pageId="42" pageNumber="3728">
<emphasis id="B9131650FFF6FFF2DF661FA88AD3BAD8" box="[125,250,1239,1263]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="3728">Avicularia.</emphasis>
Lacking.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD8CA42FFF6FFF2DF661E688935BB47" blockId="42.[125,1172,1303,1392]" pageId="42" pageNumber="3728">
<emphasis id="B9131650FFF6FFF2DF661E688BB3BB18" box="[125,410,1303,1327]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="3728">
Ovicell (
<figureCitation id="135CD6C7FFF6FFF2DFF21E688BA7BB18" box="[233,398,1303,1327]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="41.[138,198,1243,1262]" captionTargetBox="[138,1186,133,1207]" captionTargetId="figure-62@41.[138,1186,133,1207]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Figure 10. Celleporella reflexa Dick and Ross: (A) portion of a colony showing unilaminar, oligoserial growth, with autozooids and male zooids (small orifices) in primary layer; (B) variation in autozooidal orifice shape in two adjacent zooids; elongate orifice shape at right is more typical of specimens from Kodiak, Alaska, the type locality; (C) autozooids and male zooids in primary layer at margin of a coherent colony; note weak transverse ridges; (D) ovicellate female zooids in primary layer (rare at Ketchikan) and autozooids showing typically pronounced transverse ridges; (E) autozooids in primary layer and frontally budded male and female zooids; (F) frontally budded autozooids, male zooids, and female zooids in a colony with a thick secondary layer; note subimmersed ovicells. All specimens bleached. Scale bars: 1 mm (A); 100 Mm (B); 500 Mm (C, E, F); 400 Mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5220928" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5220928/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="3728">Figure 10D–F</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
Globose, raised or partly immersed, 
<quantity id="4C9F67A7FFF6FFF2DCB91E688E60BB18" box="[930,1097,1303,1327]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0500000000000003" metricValueMax="2.3000000000000003" metricValueMin="1.7999999999999998" pageId="42" pageNumber="3728" unit="mm" value="0.205" valueMax="0.23" valueMin="0.18">0.18–0.23 mm</quantity>
long (average 
<quantity id="4C9F67A7FFF6FFF2DFC51E488B45BB67" box="[222,364,1335,1360]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0188" pageId="42" pageNumber="3728" unit="mm" value="50.188">50.188 mm</quantity>
, 
<emphasis id="B9131650FFF6FFF2DE651E478BA5BB78" box="[382,396,1336,1359]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="3728">n</emphasis>
515, 3) by 
<quantity id="4C9F67A7FFF6FFF2DD3F1E4788E2BB67" box="[548,715,1336,1360]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="42" pageNumber="3728" unit="mm" value="0.235" valueMax="0.28" valueMin="0.19">0.19–0.28 mm</quantity>
wide (average 
<quantity id="4C9F67A7FFF6FFF2DC661E488E22BB67" box="[893,1035,1335,1360]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0226999999999995" pageId="42" pageNumber="3728" unit="mm" value="50.227">50.227 mm</quantity>
, 
<emphasis id="B9131650FFF6FFF2DB061E478E02BB78" box="[1053,1067,1336,1359]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="3728">n</emphasis>
515, 3), with 10–23 infundibular pores scattered over the surface.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD8CA42FFF6FFF2DF661EE68971BBC5" blockId="42.[125,1172,1433,1522]" pageId="42" pageNumber="3728">
<emphasis id="B9131650FFF6FFF2DF661EE68AD1BB86" box="[125,248,1433,1457]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="3728">
<taxonomicName id="4C67B1C1FFF6FFF2DF661EE68ADDBB86" authorityName="Delage &amp; Heroard" authorityYear="1897" box="[125,244,1433,1457]" genus="Ancestrula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="42" pageNumber="3728" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">Ancestrula</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Oval, smooth, with the orifice similar in shape to that of later zooids; gives rise to one distolateral zooid which in turn buds from the proximolateral margin a zooid that grows back alongside the ancestrula, in the opposite direction.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD8CA42FFF6FFF2DF661D548AF5B874" blockId="42.[125,220,1579,1603]" box="[125,220,1579,1603]" pageId="42" pageNumber="3728">
<emphasis id="B9131650FFF6FFF2DF661D548AF5B874" box="[125,220,1579,1603]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="3728">Remarks</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD8CA42FFF6FFF3DF661D238BE7BED6" blockId="42.[125,1172,1628,1684]" lastBlockId="43.[138,1186,137,547]" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="3729" pageId="42" pageNumber="3728">
<taxonomicName id="4C67B1C1FFF6FFF2DF661D238B6CB843" authorityName="Dick and Ross" authorityYear="1988" box="[125,325,1628,1652]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Hippothoidae" genus="Celleporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="42" pageNumber="3728" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="reflexa">
<emphasis id="B9131650FFF6FFF2DF661D238B6CB843" box="[125,325,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="3728">Celleporella reflexa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was common underneath boulders at all three collecting sites, attached to rock surfaces, dead mollusc shells, and serpulid tubes. Ketchikan specimens are similar in most respects to 
<taxonomicName id="4C67B1C1FFF7FFF3DE7A1BF68BF8BE96" authorityName="Dick and Ross" authorityYear="1988" box="[353,465,137,161]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Hippothoidae" genus="Celleporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="43" pageNumber="3729" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="reflexa">
<emphasis id="B9131650FFF7FFF3DE7A1BF68BF8BE96" box="[353,465,137,161]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="3729">C. reflexa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
described at Kodiak (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF6B7B3FFF7FFF3DDF01BF689DBBE96" author="Dick MH &amp; Ross JRP" box="[747,1010,137,161]" pageId="43" pageNumber="3729" refId="ref46924" refString="Dick MH, Ross JRP. 1988. Intertidal Bryozoa (Cheilostomata) of the Kodiak vicinity, Alaska. Bellingham: Western Washington University. 133 p. (Centre for Pacific Northwest Studies occasional paper; 23)." type="book" year="1988">Dick and Ross 1988</bibRefCitation>
). However, at Ketchikan female zooids are rare in the primary layer; most are frontally budded in the groove between autozooids.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD8CA42FFF7FFF3DFBE1B958B26BC14" blockId="43.[138,1186,137,547]" pageId="43" pageNumber="3729">
In 
<collectingRegion id="49A304A0FFF7FFF3DFDD1B958B3FBF35" box="[198,278,234,258]" country="United States of America" name="Alaska" pageId="43" pageNumber="3729">Alaska</collectingRegion>
, multilaminar, coherent colonies of 
<taxonomicName id="4C67B1C1FFF7FFF3DDA21B95890ABF35" authorityName="Dick and Ross" authorityYear="1988" box="[697,803,234,258]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Hippothoidae" genus="Celleporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="43" pageNumber="3729" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="reflexa">
<emphasis id="B9131650FFF7FFF3DDA21B95890ABF35" box="[697,803,234,258]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="3729">C. reflexa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be confused with specimens of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C67B1C1FFF7FFF3DFC11A758B7BBF15" authorityName=": Dick and Ross" authorityYear="1986" box="[218,338,266,290]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Hippothoidae" genus="Celleporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="43" pageNumber="3729" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="hyalina">
<emphasis id="B9131650FFF7FFF3DFC11A758B7BBF15" box="[218,338,266,290]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="3729">C. hyalina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species complex. In 
<taxonomicName id="4C67B1C1FFF7FFF3DD4B1A758895BF15" authorityName="Dick and Ross" authorityYear="1988" box="[592,700,266,290]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Hippothoidae" genus="Celleporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="43" pageNumber="3729" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="reflexa">
<emphasis id="B9131650FFF7FFF3DD4B1A758895BF15" box="[592,700,266,290]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="3729">C. reflexa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the autozooidal orifice is conspicuously smaller, typically with sharp, distally or distomedially pointed condyles separated by a notch from the lateral margin; the irregular transverse ridging is more pronounced; the openings to pore chambers along the lateral margins are smaller, more numerous, and infundibular; the basal wall is always incompletely calcified; and the ovicell can become subimmersed. The ancestrular budding patterns of the two species are also quite different. A specimen from Canoe Bay, 
<collectingRegion id="49A304A0FFF7FFF3DEFC1AB4881FBFD4" box="[487,566,459,483]" country="United States of America" name="Alaska" pageId="43" pageNumber="3729">Alaska</collectingRegion>
, identified and illustrated by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF6B7B3FFF7FFF3DC921AB48E73BFD4" author="Soule DF &amp; Soule JD &amp; Chaney HW" box="[905,1114,459,483]" pageId="43" pageNumber="3729" pagination="1 - 344" refId="ref49777" refString="Soule DF, Soule JD, Chaney HW. 1995. Taxonomic atlas of the benthic fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and western Santa Barbara Channel. Irene McCulloch Foundation Monograph Series 2: 1 - 344." type="book chapter" year="1995">Soule et al. (1995</bibRefCitation>
, Plate 66A) as 
<taxonomicName id="4C67B1C1FFF7FFF3DFEA1A948B41BC34" authorityName=": Dick and Ross" authorityYear="1986" box="[241,360,491,515]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Hippothoidae" genus="Celleporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="43" pageNumber="3729" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="hyalina">
<emphasis id="B9131650FFF7FFF3DFEA1A948B41BC34" box="[241,360,491,515]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="3729">C. hyalina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.), appears to be 
<taxonomicName id="4C67B1C1FFF7FFF3DD471A9488EEBC34" authorityName="Dick and Ross" authorityYear="1988" box="[604,711,491,515]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Hippothoidae" genus="Celleporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="43" pageNumber="3729" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="reflexa">
<emphasis id="B9131650FFF7FFF3DD471A9488EEBC34" box="[604,711,491,515]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="3729">C. reflexa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as it shows most of the characters just mentioned.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD8CA42FFF7FFF3DF9119238B22BC43" blockId="43.[138,267,604,628]" box="[138,267,604,628]" pageId="43" pageNumber="3729">
<emphasis id="B9131650FFF7FFF3DF9119238B22BC43" box="[138,267,604,628]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="3729">Distribution</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD8CA42FFF7FFF3DF9119F38ACDBCD2" blockId="43.[138,1185,652,741]" pageId="43" pageNumber="3729">
<materialsCitation id="3B0FC01FFFF7FFF3DF9119F38AF6BCD2" location="eastern Aleutian Islands" municipality="Blashke Islands" pageId="43" pageNumber="3729" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alaska">
In south-eastern 
<collectingRegion id="49A304A0FFF7FFF3DE4319F38B8EBC93" box="[344,423,652,676]" country="United States of America" name="Alaska" pageId="43" pageNumber="3729">Alaska</collectingRegion>
, this species was previously recorded from the 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BBC5038FFF7FFF3DCF219F38E89BC93" box="[1001,1184,652,676]" pageId="43" pageNumber="3729">Blashke Islands</collectingMunicipality>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF6B7B3FFF7FFF3DF8919D38BA1BCF3" author="Dick MH &amp; Ross JRP" box="[146,392,684,708]" pageId="43" pageNumber="3729" refId="ref46924" refString="Dick MH, Ross JRP. 1988. Intertidal Bryozoa (Cheilostomata) of the Kodiak vicinity, Alaska. Bellingham: Western Washington University. 133 p. (Centre for Pacific Northwest Studies occasional paper; 23)." type="book" year="1988">Dick and Ross 1988</bibRefCitation>
). The known range extends from Ketchikan to the 
<location id="8EB89C99FFF7FFF3DCFF19D38AF6BCD2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CE7B54FFF4FFF3DE871ECC8ACDBCD2:8EB89C99FFF7FFF3DCFF19D38AF6BCD2" municipality="Blashke Islands" name="eastern Aleutian Islands" pageId="43" pageNumber="3729" stateProvince="Alaska">eastern Aleutian Islands</location>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>