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<document id="93BF5A21A10C411C27589DCBE70186B2" ID-CLB-Dataset="51187" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4066.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="efd9df5e-1439-4724-ae76-a219f7c3ce70" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="264653" ID-ZooBank="680D0FB4-F3BC-4562-B214-631067287218" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459686029873" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cock, Matthew J. W., Congdon, T. Colin E. &amp; Collins, Steve C." docDate="2016" docId="0386D843FFB4B127CEEC93F522C5F902" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4066.3.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4066 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Xanthodisca rega Mabille 1890" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="221" masterDocId="FFBFA03BFFA0B133CE7B927B2616FD2C" masterDocTitle="Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 9. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: Zingiberales feeders, genera of unknown biology and an overview of the Hesperiinae incertae sedis" masterLastPageNumber="247" masterPageNumber="201" pageNumber="221" updateTime="1698208999773" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="F24B12B2B80F4355C0EEDAF1FB6C32C9">Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 9. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: Zingiberales feeders, genera of unknown biology and an overview of the Hesperiinae incertae sedis</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0F0930AE5ACB452D6186A7B0D2E2DF38">Cock, Matthew J. W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8F96914AE56301C800DAA07CE501B72B">Congdon, T. Colin E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3F4DB6FFD3D862DD4ADDF2B009433DEF">Collins, Steve C.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="0386D843FFB4B127CEEC93F522C5F902" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5614512" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119333196" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5614512" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0386D843FFB4B127CEEC93F522C5F902" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0386D843FFB4B127CEEC93F522C5F902" lastPageNumber="221" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">
<subSubSection id="C3353ADEFFB4B127CEEC93F527A8FFC6" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B906955FFB4B127CEEC93F5240AFC84" blockId="20.[151,540,398,424]" box="[151,540,398,424]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">
<heading id="D0D8DE39FFB4B127CEEC93F5240AFC84" bold="true" box="[151,540,398,424]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFB4B127CEEC93F5240AFC84" ID-CoL="9C35M" authority="Mabille, 1890" authorityName="Mabille" authorityYear="1890" box="[151,540,398,424]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Xanthodisca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rega">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFB4B127CEEC93F5240AFC84" bold="true" box="[151,540,398,424]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFB4B127CEEC93F5277DFC84" bold="true" box="[151,363,398,424]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Xanthodisca rega</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE14A4FFB4B127CF0893F5240AFC84" author="Mabille" box="[371,540,398,424]" pageId="20" pageNumber="246" refString="Mabille, P. (1890) Description d'hesperides nouvelles. 1 re partie. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, Series 6, 9, 149 - 150." type="journal article" year="1890">Mabille, 1890</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B906955FFB4B127CEEC93AD27A8FFC6" blockId="20.[151,1436,469,1070]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE14A4FFB4B127CEEC93AD2738FCC2" author="Evans" box="[151,302,470,494]" pageId="20" pageNumber="246" refString="Evans, W. H. (1937) A catalogue of the African Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum. British Museum (Natural History), London, 212 pp., 30 pls." type="book" year="1937">Evans (1937)</bibRefCitation>
treated
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFB4B127CFF193AD246DFCC2" authority="Mabille 1889" authorityName="Mabille" authorityYear="1889" box="[394,635,469,494]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Xanthodisca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rega">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFB4B127CFF193AD27CAFCC1" box="[394,476,470,493]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">X. rega</emphasis>
Mabille 1889
</taxonomicName>
as the West African subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFB4B127CA7393AD227DFCC2" box="[1032,1131,469,494]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Xanthodisca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vibius">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFB4B127CA7393AD227DFCC2" box="[1032,1131,469,494]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">X. vibius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE14A4FFB4B127CADD93AD237DFCC2" author="Carcasson" box="[1190,1387,470,494]" pageId="20" pageNumber="245" refString="Carcasson, R. H. (1981) Collins Handguide to the Butterflies of Africa. Collins, London, 188 pp." type="book" year="1981">Carcasson (1981)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE14A4FFB4B127CEEC93822769FF3E" box="[151,383,505,530]" pageId="20" pageNumber="245" refString="Ackery, P. R., Smith, C. R. &amp; Vane-Wright, R. I. (Eds.) (1995) Carcasson's African Butterflies. An annotated catalogue of the Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea of the Afrotropical Region. CSIRO Publications, Melbourne, 803 pp." type="book">
Ackery
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFB4B127CE8993812733FF3E" box="[242,293,505,530]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">et al</emphasis>
. (1995)
</bibRefCitation>
treat it as a distinct subspecies, and the two overlap in
<collectingCountry id="F33829C5FFB4B127CD8593822265FF3D" box="[1022,1139,505,529]" name="Cameroon" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE14A4FFB4B127CAF893822300FF3E" author="Larsen" box="[1155,1302,505,530]" pageId="20" pageNumber="246" refString="Larsen, T. B. (2005) Butterflies of West Africa. 2 Vols. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 595 + 270 pp." type="book" year="2005">Larsen 2005</bibRefCitation>
). Described from
<collectingCountry id="F33829C5FFB4B127CEAE9066277FFF19" box="[213,361,541,566]" name="Sierra Leone" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Sierra Leone</collectingCountry>
, this species is found from
<collectingCountry id="F33829C5FFB4B127CCD9906624EBFF1A" box="[674,765,541,566]" name="Senegal" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Senegal</collectingCountry>
, west to
<collectingCountry id="F33829C5FFB4B127CD18906525CEFF1A" box="[867,984,542,566]" name="Cameroon" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F33829C5FFB4B127CA6A9066224AFF1A" box="[1041,1116,541,566]" name="Gabon" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Gabon</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE14A4FFB4B127CA1090662352FF1A" author="Ackery" box="[1131,1348,541,566]" pageId="20" pageNumber="245" refString="Ackery, P. R., Smith, C. R. &amp; Vane-Wright, R. I. (Eds.) (1995) Carcasson's African Butterflies. An annotated catalogue of the Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea of the Afrotropical Region. CSIRO Publications, Melbourne, 803 pp." type="book" year="1995">
Ackery
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFB4B127CABC906522EEFF1A" box="[1223,1272,541,566]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">et al</emphasis>
. 1995
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE14A4FFB4B127CB2B906526C5FF76" author="Larsen" pageId="20" pageNumber="246" refString="Larsen, T. B. (2005) Butterflies of West Africa. 2 Vols. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 595 + 270 pp." type="book" year="2005">Larsen 2005</bibRefCitation>
), although Vande Weghe (2010) considers the record from
<collectingCountry id="F33829C5FFB4B127CDFB903A25DDFF76" box="[896,971,577,602]" name="Gabon" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Gabon</collectingCountry>
unlikely to be correct. In
<collectingCountry id="F33829C5FFB4B127CA87903A238EFF76" box="[1276,1432,577,602]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Côte d’Ivoire</collectingCountry>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE14A4FFB4B127CEEC901D2759FF52" author="Vuattoux" box="[151,335,614,638]" pageId="20" pageNumber="247" refString="Vuattoux, R. (1999) Les lepidopteres hesperiides de la Station de Lamto (Cote d'Ivoire). Lambillionea, 94, 562 - 568." type="journal article" year="1999">Vuattoux (1999)</bibRefCitation>
reared three specimens of this species from
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFB4B127CD45901D2237FF51" box="[830,1057,614,638]" class="Liliopsida" family="Zingiberaceae" genus="Aframomum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cereum">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFB4B127CD45901D2237FF51" box="[830,1057,614,638]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Aframomum cereum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFB4B127CA34901D22C3FF51" box="[1103,1237,614,637]" class="Liliopsida" family="Zingiberaceae" genus="Aframomum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sceptrum">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFB4B127CA34901D22C3FF51" box="[1103,1237,614,637]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">A. sceptrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) collected in
<date id="FF914F95FFB4B127CB16901E26D9FF8E" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" value="1979-07">July 1979</date>
and
<date id="FF914F95FFB4B127CF7F90F227AFFF8E" box="[260,441,649,674]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" value="1988-12">December 1988</date>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE14A4FFB4B127CFBF90F12477FF8E" author="Larsen" box="[452,609,649,674]" pageId="20" pageNumber="246" refString="Larsen, T. B. (2005) Butterflies of West Africa. 2 Vols. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 595 + 270 pp." type="book" year="2005">Larsen (2005)</bibRefCitation>
and Vande weghe (2010) repeat this food plant record. MJWC also reared this species once in
<collectingCountry id="F33829C5FFB4B127CF0190D52406FFEA" box="[378,528,685,710]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Côte d’Ivoire</collectingCountry>
from a final instar caterpillar collected on an
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFB4B127CA6C90D522B7FFEA" box="[1047,1185,686,710]" class="Liliopsida" family="Zingiberaceae" genus="Aframomum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFB4B127CA6C90D522B7FFEA" box="[1047,1185,686,710]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Aframomum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (reminiscent of
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFB4B127CBFF90D526EAFFC6" class="Liliopsida" family="Zingiberaceae" genus="Aframomum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="orientale">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFB4B127CBFF90D526EAFFC6" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">A. orientale</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) on
<date id="FF914F95FFB4B127CF5490A927AFFFC6" box="[303,441,722,746]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" value="1989-06-03">3 June 1989</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3353ADEFFB4B127CEBC908E22C5F902" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B906955FFB4B127CEBC908E22C5F902" blockId="20.[151,1436,469,1070]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">
The leaf shelter was on one of the lower leaves; only the basal third of the leaf remained, and it was folded upwards along the midrib. About four days before the prepupa, the caterpillar was
<quantity id="4CD7C4B0FFB4B127CA0F916122AAFE1E" box="[1140,1212,794,818]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" unit="mm" value="30.0">30mm</quantity>
long; head brown, slightly paler adjacent epicranial suture; rugose; widest nearer base, 2.4 x
<quantity id="4CD7C4B0FFB4B127CD959145222AFE7A" box="[1006,1084,830,854]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" unit="mm" value="2.7">2.7mm</quantity>
wide x high; body translucent dull, dark green, the dorsal line darker, brown gonads visible on A5; anal plate with an unusual black dot on the posterior margin; spiracles pale; all legs concolorous. The
<quantity id="4CD7C4B0FFB4B127CD4E91FD256AFEB2" box="[821,892,902,926]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" unit="mm" value="18.0">18mm</quantity>
pupa (
<figureCitation id="131475D0FFB4B127CDB791FE222BFEB2" box="[972,1085,901,926]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1938,1960]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1125,1913]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,1125,1914]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 24. Pupa of Xanthodisca rega collected as final instar caterpillar on Aframomum sp., Forêt du Yapo, Côte d’Ivoire, 3 Jun 1990; pupated and photographed 14 Jun; adult 2 Jul; 18 mm; MJWC 89 / 215. 1, ventrolateral view; 2, detail of head and thorax, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264677/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Figure 24</figureCitation>
) had a transverse row of three very short frontal projections (Figure 24.2); thorax brown, abdomen whitish brown; T1 spiracle surrounded by a dark brown C-shaped rim similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFB4B127CCFF91B524F0FECA" box="[644,742,973,998]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Xanthodisca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vibius">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFB4B127CCFF91B524F0FECA" box="[644,742,973,998]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">X. vibius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the central hole measured
<quantity id="4CD7C4B0FFB4B127CA6591B6226CFECA" box="[1054,1146,973,998]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.6" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" unit="mm" value="0.66">0.66mm</quantity>
across ventrally-dorsally, and the rim measured
<quantity id="4CD7C4B0FFB4B127CFED918A27E4F926" box="[406,498,1009,1034]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" unit="mm" value="0.46">0.46mm</quantity>
across dorsally,
<quantity id="4CD7C4B0FFB4B127CCCA918924EEF926" box="[689,760,1010,1034]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" unit="m" value="0.22">0.22m</quantity>
posteriorly and
<quantity id="4CD7C4B0FFB4B127CDC891892206F926" box="[947,1040,1010,1034]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" unit="mm" value="0.42">0.42mm</quantity>
ventrally, i.e. rather narrower than that of
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFB4B127CE9D966D275EF902" box="[230,328,1045,1070]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Xanthodisca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vibius">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFB4B127CE9D966D275EF902" box="[230,328,1045,1070]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">X. vibius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; a white streak just anterodorsal to T1 spiracle. The adult emerged after 18 days.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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