146 lines
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146 lines
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.484.8696" ID-GBIF-Dataset="21cbba38-7a7f-491d-b799-b67143c0d172" ID-PMC="PMC4361784" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-484-71" ID-PubMed="25829842" ID-ZBK="6D1F37E9002D496A8E79BF53935DEC65" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-484-71" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 484" ModsDocTitle="Three new species of Epicephala Meyrick (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) associated with Phyllanthusmicrocarpus (Benth.) (Phyllanthaceae)" checkinTime="1451244622228" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Li, Houhun & Yang, Xiaofei" docDate="2015" docId="880708723933C2AB4C81B0CE222059AD" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 484: 71-81" docOrigin="ZooKeys 484" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.484.8696" docTitle="Epicephala tertiaria Li, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="ECB0B192-9905-44D7-BE46-520BBB219537" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="79" masterDocId="FFFE43565F0EFFD2FFFE9439FFB58672" masterDocTitle="Three new species of Epicephala Meyrick (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) associated with Phyllanthusmicrocarpus (Benth.) (Phyllanthaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="81" masterPageNumber="71" pageNumber="77" updateTime="1668160081950" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Three new species of Epicephala Meyrick (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) associated with Phyllanthusmicrocarpus (Benth.) (Phyllanthaceae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Li, Houhun</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Yang, Xiaofei</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>484</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>71</mods:start>
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<mods:end>81</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.484.8696</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.484.8696</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-484-71</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">6D1F37E9002D496A8E79BF53935DEC65</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">6D1F37E9002D496A8E79BF53935DEC65</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152058378" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:ECB0B192-9905-44D7-BE46-520BBB219537" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/880708723933C2AB4C81B0CE222059AD" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="77" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="77">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="77" start="start">Taxon</pageBreakToken>
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classification Animalia Lepidoptera Gracillariidae
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="77" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="77">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/ECB0B192-9905-44D7-BE46-520BBB219537" authority="Li" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Epicephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epicephala tertiaria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tertiaria">Epicephala tertiaria Li</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="6" pageNumber="77">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 8, 11, 14
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="77" type="material examined">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="77">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="77">21 males and 14 females, including all their genitalia preparations.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="77">
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Holotype ♂ - CHINA:Guangdong Province: South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="23.183332">23°11'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="113.36667">113°22'E</geoCoordinate>
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), 210 m, 22.ii.2006, reared from fruit of
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Phyllanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Phyllanthus microcarpus" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microcarpus">Phyllanthus microcarpus</taxonomicName>
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(former identification
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Phyllanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Phyllanthus reticulatus var. glaber" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="reticulatus" variety="glaber">Phyllanthus reticulatus var. glaber</taxonomicName>
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) by Houhun Li, genitalia slide no. YXF14039.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="77">
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Paratypes - CHINA:Guangdong Province: 11♂, 7♀, same data as holotype; 7♂, 4♀, same locality and host-plant, vii-viii.2006, collected mature larvae by Shixiao Luo and reared to adults by Houhun Li. Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region: 2♀, Shaoping Forestry Centre (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="22.083334">22°05'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="106.9">106°54'E</geoCoordinate>
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), 200 m, Pingxiang, 24, 29.vi.2012, reared from fruit of
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Phyllanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Phyllanthus microcarpus" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microcarpus">Phyllanthus microcarpus</taxonomicName>
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(former identification
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Phyllanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Phyllanthus reticulatus var. reticulatus" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="reticulatus" variety="reticulatus">Phyllanthus reticulatus var. reticulatus</taxonomicName>
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) by Xiaofei Yang; 2♂, same locality, 27.iii, 10.iv.2013, reared from fruit of
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Phyllanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Phyllanthus microcarpus" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microcarpus">Phyllanthus microcarpus</taxonomicName>
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by Xiaofei Yang, whether the plants are glabrous or pubescent was not recorded.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="77" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="77">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="77">
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This species is similar to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Epicephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epicephala microcarpa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microcarpa">Epicephala microcarpa</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. in both appearance and genitalia, but can be separated from the latter by distal 1/6 of the forewing having a broad white band along costa; the narrower valva as long as the tegumen and rounded at apex, and the narrower and shorter sacculus approximately 2/3 length of the valva in the male; the ovipositor not constricted basally, the lamella postvaginalis digitated, the ductus bursae membranous, and the smaller corpus bursae with very minute signa in the female. In
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Epicephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epicephala microcarpa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microcarpa">Epicephala microcarpa</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., the forewing has a short white streak or a dot near costa in distal 1/6; the valva is broader and longer than the tegumen and its apex is oblique, the sacculus is somewhat broader and approximately 4/5 length of the valva in the male; the ovipositor is constricted at base, the lamella postvaginalis is unconspicuous, basal 2/3 of the ductus bursae is sclerotized and densely covered with longitudinal wide pleats, and the signa are large in the female.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="6" pageNumber="77" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="77">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="77">Adult (Fig. 8). Forewing expanse 6.0−8.5 mm. Head cream white, with dark brown laterally. Labial palpus black, inner surface and outer ventral margin of second segment white, inner surface of third segment white to greyish brown. Antenna dark brown, with narrow greyish white rings. Thorax white. Tegula and forewing brown to dark brown; forewing with three pairs of white striae from both costal and dorsal 1/4, 2/3 and 3/4 extending obliquely outward to middle and end of cell as well as outside of cell respectively, costal striae narrow, inconsecutive and usually indistinct, dorsal striae broad and clear, latter two striae inconsecutive; dorsum with a broad white band along basal 1/3; a narrow silvery-white fascia bearing bluish metallic reflection from costal 5/6 to dorsum, arched outward medially; distal 1/6 ochreous, with a central black dot near fascia at 5/6, with broad white band along costa and dorsum; cilia along termen to tornus pale grey except black at base and ochre brown at apex. Hindwing and cilia pale grey. Abdomen greyish brown.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="78">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="78" start="start">Male</pageBreakToken>
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genitalia (Fig. 11). Tegumen broadly elliptical, lateral sides narrow and sclerotized. Valva narrowed, rectangular, as long as tegumen, slightly narrowed medially, gently curved upward, apex rounded, with long dense setae ventrally. Sacculus narrowed, approximately 2/3 length of valva, tapered to sharp apex. Transtilla slender, curved downward, acute apically. Vinculum broad, nearly U-shaped; saccus slender, shorter than vinculum, apex acute. Phallus broad, straight, approximately 3/4 length of valva; cornuti composed of dense spinules.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">
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Female genitalia (Fig. 14). Ovipositor broad, cone-shaped, dentate laterally, acute apically. Apophysis posterioris strong, 1.2 times longer than apophysis anterioris. Lamella postvaginalis digitated, arising from base of antrum medially, 1/4 length of apophysis anterioris, apex rounded. Antrum developed, cylindrical, straight, longer than
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<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="79" start="start">8</pageBreakToken>
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th abdominal segment. Ductus bursae narrow, membranous, shorter than antrum; ductus seminalis expanded, broader than ductus bursae, arising from base of ductus bursae. Corpus bursae oval, small, as long as ductus bursae; paired signa placed anteriorly, small, short linear.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="79" type="host-plant">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="79">Host-plant.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="79">
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<taxonomicName family="Phyllanthaceae" lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" rank="family">Phyllanthaceae</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Phyllanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Phyllanthus microcarpus" order="Malpighiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microcarpus">Phyllanthus microcarpus</taxonomicName>
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(Benth.). The larva feeds on seeds in the fruit.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="79" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="79">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="79">China (Guangdong and Guangxi).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="79" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="79">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="79">
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The specific name is derived from the Latin tertiarius (third), indicating that this is the third species reared from the host-plant
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Phyllanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Phyllanthus microcarpus" order="Malpighiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microcarpus">Phyllanthus microcarpus</taxonomicName>
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(Benth.).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="79" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="79">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="79">
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The larvae were reared from glabrous individuals of
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Phyllanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Phyllanthus microcarpus" order="Malpighiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microcarpus">Phyllanthus microcarpus</taxonomicName>
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in Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, and from pubescent individuals of
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Phyllanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Phyllanthus microcarpus" order="Malpighiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microcarpus">Phyllanthus microcarpus</taxonomicName>
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in Pingxiang, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Both glabrous and pubescent forms are now treated as one species (
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<bibRefCitation author="Luo, SX" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" pagination="99 - 104" title="Nuclear ITS sequences help disentangle Phyllanthusreticulatus (Phyllanthaceae), an Asian species not occurring in Africa, but introduced to Jamaica." url="10.1600/036364411X553171" volume="36" year="2011">Luo et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
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). This interesting phenomenon may have some significance in the coevolution between the
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Epicephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epicephala" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Epicephala</taxonomicName>
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moths and the
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<taxonomicName family="Phyllanthaceae" lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" rank="family">Phyllanthaceae</taxonomicName>
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plants.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document>
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