treatments-xml/data/4F/19/FC/4F19FC10FFF5FFC8FD372679FDAA8AD3.xml

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<mods:title id="62083C3E7C754050B029D7824576EBA4">The mammals of Paracou, French Guiana, a Neotropical lowland rainforest fauna. Part 1, Bats</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D6293CFA3E1672DEADF5E88685D0A91A">Simmons, Nancy B.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="5999C4195B914AF6C8D159F7AE4B0E05">Department of Mammalogy, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F5167E9DD041E02E025224A6CE90B4A1">Voss, Robert S.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="8929AABF89EFB8FA4EFE584006157B4F">Department of Mammalogy, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="1DDA6C11982B7DBCAA71683354F8B42D">1998</mods:date>
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<treatment id="4F19FC10FFF5FFC8FD372679FDAA8AD3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4546509" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177422325" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4546509" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4F19FC10FFF5FFC8FD372679FDAA8AD3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4F19FC10FFF5FFC8FD372679FDAA8AD3" lastPageId="104" lastPageNumber="104" pageId="102" pageNumber="102">
<subSubSection id="8FAA1E8DFFF5FFC6FD372679FB0D8DB9" box="[709,1158,1131,1154]" pageId="102" pageNumber="102" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="C70F4D06FFF5FFC6FD372679FB0D8DB9" blockId="102.[709,1158,1131,1154]" box="[709,1158,1131,1154]" pageId="102" pageNumber="102">
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFF5FFC6FD372679FB0D8DB9" ID-CoL="7R5ZH" authority="(Schinz)" baseAuthorityName="Schinz" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[709,1158,1131,1154]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="102" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscurus" subGenus="Artibeus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFF5FFC6FD372679FCA38DB9" box="[709,808,1131,1154]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="102">Artibeus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFF5FFC6FCC92679FC158DB9" box="[827,926,1131,1154]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="102">Artibeus</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFF5FFC6FC432679FB918DB9" box="[945,1050,1131,1154]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="102">obscurus</emphasis>
(Schinz)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C70F4D06FFF5FFC6FD49268CFB9B8F2E" blockId="102.[670,1198,1182,1763]" pageId="102" pageNumber="102">
VOUCHER MATERIAL: 
<materialsCitation id="77D8475BFFF5FFC6FC4F268CFB9B8F2E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3037467310" pageId="102" pageNumber="102">27 females (AMNH *266271, *266273, *266279, *266281, *266287, *267997, *268000, *268501, *268516, *268518, *268520, 268522, *268523, *268524, *268525, *268526, *268527; MNHN *1995.1160, *1995.1161, *1995.1162, *1995.1163, *1995.1164, *1995.1165, *1995.1166, *1995.1167, *1995.1168, *1995.1169) and 10 males (AMNH *266272, *266286, *266288, *267208, *267210, *268517, 268519; MNHN *1995.1170, *1995.1171, *1995.1172); see table 38 for measurements.</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8FAA1E8DFFF5FFC7FD49240EFCA28F6B" lastPageId="103" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="102" pageNumber="102" type="description">
<paragraph id="C70F4D06FFF5FFC7FD49240EFEA08F56" blockId="102.[670,1198,1182,1763]" lastBlockId="103.[128,657,1388,1763]" lastPageId="103" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="102" pageNumber="102">
IDENTIFICATION: We follow Handley (1989) in using the name 
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFF5FFC6FC8F242BFBD88F6B" baseAuthorityName="Schinz" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[893,1107,1593,1616]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="102" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscurus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFF5FFC6FC8F242BFBD88F6B" box="[893,1107,1593,1616]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="102">Artibeus obscurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
instead of 
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFF5FFC6FD4D2445FCEA8F55" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1838" box="[703,865,1622,1646]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="102" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuliginosus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFF5FFC6FD4D2445FD5A8F55" box="[703,721,1623,1646]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="102">A</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFF5FFC6FD132445FCEA8F55" box="[737,865,1623,1646]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="102">fuliginosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for the smallest and darkest member of the subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFF5FFC6FC062466FBDC8FB0" authorityName="Leach. In B. D. Patterson and R. M. Timm" authorityYear="1821" box="[1012,1111,1652,1675]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="102" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFF5FFC6FC062466FBDC8FB0" box="[1012,1111,1652,1675]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="102">Artibeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
found throughout the wet South American lowlands east of the Andes. 
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFF5FFC6FC7024BDFBD38FFD" baseAuthorityName="Schinz" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[898,1112,1711,1734]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="102" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscurus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFF5FFC6FC7024BDFBD38FFD" box="[898,1112,1711,1734]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="102">Artibeus obscurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is best identified by reference to Handley (1987, 1989), 
<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FFF4FFC7FF20277EFE6E8CB8" author="Lim, B. K. &amp; D. E. Wilson" box="[210,485,1388,1411]" journalOrPublisher="J. Mammal." pageId="103" pageNumber="103" pagination="763 - 768" part="74" refId="ref97143" refString="Lim, B. K., and D. E. Wilson 1993. Taxonomic status of Artibeus amplus (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) in northern South America. J. Mammal. 74: 763 - 768." title="Taxonomic status of Artibeus amplus (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) in northern South America" type="journal article" year="1993">Lim and Wilson (1993)</bibRefCitation>
, and Marques­ Aguiar (1994). Additional descriptions and comparative measurements can also be found (under the name 
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFF4FFC7FEB627D6FE6F8CE0" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1838" box="[324,484,1476,1499]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="103" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuliginosus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFF4FFC7FEB627D6FEDD8CE0" box="[324,342,1476,1499]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="103">A</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFF4FFC7FE9627D6FE6F8CE0" box="[356,484,1476,1499]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="103">fuliginosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) in Swanepoel and 
<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FFF4FFC7FF4B27F3FE198CC3" author="Genoways, H. H. &amp; S. L. Williams" box="[185,402,1505,1528]" journalOrPublisher="Ann. Carnegie Mus." pageId="103" pageNumber="103" pagination="323 - 335" part="48" refId="ref93773" refString="Genoways, H. H., and S. L. Williams 1979. Records of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from Suriname. Ann. Carnegie Mus. 48: 323 - 335." title="Records of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from Suriname" type="journal article" year="1979">Genoways (1979)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FFF4FFC7FE5727F3FF5B8F2E" author="Koepcke, J. &amp; R. Kraft" journalOrPublisher="Spixiana" pageId="103" pageNumber="103" pagination="75 - 84" part="7" refId="ref96561" refString="Koepcke, J., and R. Kraft 1984. Cranial and external characters of the larger fruit bats of the genus Artibeus from Amazonian Peru. Spixiana 7: 75 - 84." title="Cranial and external characters of the larger fruit bats of the genus Artibeus from Amazonian Peru" type="journal article" year="1984">Koepcke and Kraft (1984)</bibRefCitation>
, and 
<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FFF4FFC7FEE727ECFF5A8F08" author="Brosset, A. &amp; P. Charles-Dominique" journalOrPublisher="Mammalia" pageId="103" pageNumber="103" pagination="509 - 559" part="54" refId="ref91807" refString="Brosset, A., and P. Charles-Dominique 1990. The bats from French Guiana: a taxonomic, faunistic and ecological approach. Mammalia 54: 509 - 559." title="The bats from French Guiana: a taxonomic, faunistic and ecological approach" type="journal article" year="1990">Brosset and Charles­Dominique (1990)</bibRefCitation>
. No subspecies are currently recognized (Handley, 1987, 1989; Marques­ Aguiar, 1994).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C70F4D06FFF4FFC7FF6F2466FCA28F6B" blockId="103.[128,657,1388,1763]" lastBlockId="103.[704,1233,1388,1763]" pageId="103" pageNumber="103">
Although our voucher material generally agrees with previous qualitative descriptions of 
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFF4FFC7FF5324BDFEFE8FFD" baseAuthorityName="Schinz" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[161,373,1711,1734]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="103" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscurus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFF4FFC7FF5324BDFEFE8FFD" box="[161,373,1711,1734]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="103">Artibeus obscurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, three of our specimens lack M3 completely, a polymorphism noted by Handley (1989) and 
<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FFF4FFC7FBF1277EFC9B8C9B" author="Marques-Aguiar, S. A." journalOrPublisher="Bol. Mus. Emilio Goeldi, ser. zool." pageId="103" pageNumber="103" pagination="3 - 83" part="10" refId="ref97398" refString="Marques-Aguiar, S. A. 1994. A systematic review of the large species of Artibeus Leach, 1821 (Mammalia: Chiroptera) with some phylogenetic inferences. Bol. Mus. Emilio Goeldi, ser. zool. 10: 3 - 83." title="A systematic review of the large species of Artibeus Leach, 1821 (Mammalia: Chiroptera) with some phylogenetic inferences" type="journal article" year="1994">Marques­Aguiar (1994)</bibRefCitation>
, but not by Handley (1987) or 
<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FFF4FFC7FB52279BFC398C86" author="Lim, B. K. &amp; D. E. Wilson" journalOrPublisher="J. Mammal." pageId="103" pageNumber="103" pagination="763 - 768" part="74" refId="ref97143" refString="Lim, B. K., and D. E. Wilson 1993. Taxonomic status of Artibeus amplus (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) in northern South America. J. Mammal. 74: 763 - 768." title="Taxonomic status of Artibeus amplus (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) in northern South America" type="journal article" year="1993">Lim and Wilson (1993)</bibRefCitation>
. Measurements of the Paracou series likewise fall within the known range of variation for this species with the exception of our largest specimens, which have slightly longer forearms than previously reported.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8FAA1E8DFFF4FFC8FD2F2444FDAA8AD3" lastPageId="104" lastPageNumber="104" pageId="103" pageNumber="103" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="C70F4D06FFF4FFC8FD2F2444FDC48B0B" blockId="103.[704,1233,1388,1763]" lastBlockId="104.[94,622,214,1000]" lastPageId="104" lastPageNumber="104" pageId="103" pageNumber="103">
FIELD OBSERVATIONS: We recorded 117 captures (probably including some recaptures) of 
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFF4FFC7FCCA2483FB998F93" baseAuthorityName="Schinz" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[824,1042,1681,1704]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="103" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscurus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFF4FFC7FCCA2483FB998F93" box="[824,1042,1681,1704]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="103">Artibeus obscurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at Paracou, of which 104 were in ground­level mistnets, 7 were in elevated mistnets, and 6 were at roosts. Of the 104 ground­level mistnet captures, 42 were in well­drained primary forest, 37 were in swampy primary forest, 19 were in creekside primary forest, 4 were in manmade clearings, 1 was in closed­canopy secondary growth, and 1 was over a roadside puddle. Of the seven elevated mistnet captures, five were made between 7 and 20 m above a narrow dirt road, one was 10 m above a treefall in well­drained primary forest, and one was 5–8 m above the ground in the subcanopy of swampy primary forest.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C70F4D06FFFBFFC8FF892024FDAA8AD3" blockId="104.[94,622,214,1000]" pageId="104" pageNumber="104">
We found three roosting groups of 
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFFBFFC8FDC52025FE878B50" baseAuthorityName="Schinz" baseAuthorityYear="1821" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="104" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscurus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFFBFFC8FDC52025FE878B50" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="104">Artibeus obscurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
under exfoliating pieces of bark 6–7 m above the ground on the trunks of grignon trees, 
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFFBFFC8FEC2209DFDE18B9E" authorityName="Mez" authorityYear="1889" box="[304,618,654,678]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Ocotea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="104" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubra">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFFBFFC8FEC2209DFE5A8B9D" box="[304,465,655,678]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="104">Ocotea rubra</emphasis>
(Lauraceae)
</taxonomicName>
, in well­drained primary forest (fig. 40). One of these groups consisted of an adult female with a nursing juvenile; another consisted of an adult female, a nursing juvenile, and an escaped adult of unknown sex; and the third was a solitary near­term pregnant female. We also found a solitary adult male 
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFFBFFC8FE2F214EFF218AAB" baseAuthorityName="Schinz" baseAuthorityYear="1821" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="104" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscurus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFFBFFC8FE2F214EFF218AAB" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="104">Artibeus obscurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
roosting beneath an unmodified leaf of 
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFFBFFC8FF702185FF108AF0" class="Liliopsida" family="Strelitziaceae" genus="Phenakospermum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="104" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guyannense">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFFBFFC8FF702185FE6C8A95" box="[130,487,919,942]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="104">Phenakospermum guyannense</emphasis>
(Strelitziaceae)
</taxonomicName>
about 4 m above the ground at the edge of a clearing in secondary vegetation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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