treatments-xml/data/03/EC/87/03EC87AB2957AD6EFF6C0A31FC113AE0.xml

<document id="494948273ED65BD004A3F573AB74D83D" ID-CLB-Dataset="46772" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.207906" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d7def72e-32a8-4e01-afdc-bf7662e51694" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="207906" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460363060361" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Greaves, Elizabeth &amp; Wilson, Robin" docDate="2011" docId="03EC87AB2957AD6EFF6C0A31FC113AE0" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02903p020.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2903" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Laonice quadridentata Blake &amp; Kudenov 1978" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="17" masterDocId="FFD5FFD3295AAD7EFFFB0B5EFFE73850" masterDocTitle="New Laonice species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from western and northern Australia" masterLastPageNumber="20" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="14" updateTime="1698294763089" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="4A9931217BB667815174B6D4FAB674EF">New Laonice species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from western and northern Australia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E97A69F1F03E2E603E01B69FA1781539">Greaves, Elizabeth</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03EC87AB2957AD6EFF6C0A31FC113AE0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6183527" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119410173" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6183527" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EC87AB2957AD6EFF6C0A31FC113AE0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC87AB2957AD6EFF6C0A31FC113AE0" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<subSubSection id="C35F65362957AD73FF6C0A31FEDF39FA" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BFA36BD2957AD73FF6C0A31FD1A39D9" blockId="13.[151,765,367,426]" box="[151,765,367,393]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<heading id="D0B281D12957AD73FF6C0A31FD1A39D9" bold="true" box="[151,765,367,393]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C454D3E2957AD73FF6C0A31FD1A39D9" ID-CoL="854XM" authority="Blake &amp; Kudenov, 1978" authorityName="Blake &amp; Kudenov" authorityYear="1978" box="[151,765,367,393]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Laonice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="quadridentata">
<emphasis id="B931EAAF2957AD73FF6C0A31FD1A39D9" bold="true" box="[151,765,367,393]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B931EAAF2957AD73FF6C0A31FF1E39D9" bold="true" box="[151,249,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Laonice</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="B931EAAF2957AD73FEDE0A31FE2939D9" bold="true" box="[293,462,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">quadridentata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B4C2957AD73FE2E0A31FD1A39D9" author="Blake" box="[469,765,367,393]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Blake, J. A. &amp; Kudenov, J. D. (1978) The Spionidae (Polychaeta) from southeastern Australia and adjacent areas with a revision of the genera. Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria, 39, 171 - 280." type="journal article" year="1978">Blake &amp; Kudenov, 1978</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFA36BD2957AD73FF6C0ACCFEDF39FA" blockId="13.[151,765,367,426]" box="[151,312,402,426]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figures 12–13</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35F65362957AD73FF6C0A84FC3C3BF2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BFA36BD2957AD73FF6C0A84FC8E3ABE" blockId="13.[151,1437,474,2010]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B931EAAF2957AD73FF6C0A84FE6739A3" bold="true" box="[151,384,474,499]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Material examined.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F352762D2957AD73FE7C0A84FE1539A2" box="[391,498,474,498]" name="Australia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Australia</collectingCountry>
: Gulf of Carpentaria: 15°58.9056ʹ S, 139°44.0076ʹ E, 0 
<date id="FFFB107D2957AD73FBA40A84FB0339A2" box="[1119,1252,474,498]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2005-03-02">2 Mar 2005</date>
, 
<quantity id="4CBD9B582957AD73FB140A84FAD839A2" box="[1263,1343,474,498]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9799999999999995" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="39.8">39.8 m</quantity>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D43FD342957AD73FAB70A84FF353A46" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
, QM G228999; 15°59.5044ʹ S, 139°33.4908ʹ E, 
<date id="FFFB107D2957AD73FD0E0AA0FC9B3A46" box="[757,892,510,534]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2005-03-02">2 Mar 2005</date>
, 
<quantity id="4CBD9B582957AD73FC730AA0FC3F3A46" box="[904,984,510,534]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.22" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="42.2">42.2 m</quantity>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D43FD342957AD73FC1E0AA0FB803A46" box="[997,1127,510,534]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
, QM G229007; 16°54.0ʹ S, 139°45.504ʹ E, 
<date id="FFFB107D2957AD73FEBD097CFE2B3A6A" box="[326,460,546,570]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2005-03-03">3 Mar 2005</date>
, 
<quantity id="4CBD9B582957AD73FE23097CFDCF3A6A" box="[472,552,546,570]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9799999999999995" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="39.8">39.8 m</quantity>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D43FD342957AD73FDCE097CFD503A6A" box="[565,695,546,570]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
, QM G229008; 15°54.5952ʹ S, 139°25.5648ʹ E, 
<date id="FFFB107D2957AD73FB22097CFAB83A6A" box="[1241,1375,546,570]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2005-03-03">3 Mar 2005</date>
, 
<quantity id="4CBD9B582957AD73FA90097CFF483A0E" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.22" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="42.2">42.2 m</quantity>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D43FD342957AD73FF460918FEA63A0E" box="[189,321,582,606]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
, QM G229010; 15°48.5046ʹ S, 139°45.5112ʹ E, 
<date id="FFFB107D2957AD73FC950918FC103A0E" box="[878,1015,582,606]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2005-03-04">4 Mar 2005</date>
, 
<quantity id="4CBD9B582957AD73FBFE0918FBB03A0E" box="[1029,1111,582,606]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.36" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="43.6">43.6 m</quantity>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D43FD342957AD73FB9E0918FB0E3A0E" box="[1125,1257,582,606]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
, QM G229014; 15°57.4908ʹ S, 139°36.5082ʹ E, 
<date id="FFFB107D2957AD73FDFF0934FD6C3AD2" box="[516,651,618,642]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2005-03-05">5 Mar 2005</date>
, 
<quantity id="4CBD9B582957AD73FD6C0934FD003AD2" box="[663,743,618,642]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.18" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="41.8">41.8 m</quantity>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D43FD342957AD73FD0F0934FC903AD2" box="[756,887,618,642]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
, QM G229021; 15°36.3282ʹ S, 137°56.607ʹ E, 
<date id="FFFB107D2957AD73FA750935FEEE3AF6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2005-03-07">7 Mar 2005</date>
, 46.0 m, 
<specimenCount id="9D43FD342957AD73FE8E09D0FE1E3AF6" box="[373,505,654,678]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
, QM G229031; 13°20.67ʹ S, 136°50.6556ʹ E, 
<date id="FFFB107D2957AD73FBF309D0FB7A3AF6" box="[1032,1181,654,678]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2005-03-11">11 Mar 2005</date>
, 
<quantity id="4CBD9B582957AD73FB5109D0FB1B3AF6" box="[1194,1276,654,678]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.92" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="39.2">39.2 m</quantity>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D43FD342957AD73FAF109D0FA703AF6" box="[1290,1431,654,678]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
, QM G229052; 13°12.4962ʹ S, 136°50.4672ʹ E, 
<date id="FFFB107D2957AD73FD4309ECFCB73A9A" box="[696,848,690,714]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2005-03-12">12 Mar 2005</date>
, 40 m, 
<specimenCount id="9D43FD342957AD73FC5309ECFBDF3A9A" box="[936,1080,690,714]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
, QM G229056; 15°46.5420ʹ S, 138°14.5296ʹ E, 
<date id="FFFB107D2957AD73FEA80988FE003ABE" box="[339,487,726,750]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2005-03-19">19 Mar 2005</date>
, 43 m, 
<specimenCount id="9D43FD342957AD73FDC20988FD5D3ABE" box="[569,698,726,750]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
, QM G229099.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFA36BD2957AD73FF3C09A4FC3C3BF2" blockId="13.[151,1437,474,2010]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B931EAAF2957AD73FF3C09A4FDDD3B43" bold="true" box="[199,570,762,787]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Additional material examined.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C454D3E2957AD73FDB409A2FB9D3B42" authority="Blake &amp; Kudenov, 1978" authorityName="Blake &amp; Kudenov" authorityYear="1978" box="[591,1146,762,787]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Laonice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="quadridentata">
<emphasis id="B931EAAF2957AD73FDB409A2FCB43B43" box="[591,851,763,787]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Laonice quadridentata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B4C2957AD73FCA609A4FB9D3B42" author="Blake" box="[861,1146,762,786]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Blake, J. A. &amp; Kudenov, J. D. (1978) The Spionidae (Polychaeta) from southeastern Australia and adjacent areas with a revision of the genera. Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria, 39, 171 - 280." type="journal article" year="1978">Blake &amp; Kudenov, 1978</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<collectingCountry id="F352762D2957AD73FB7209A4FB133B42" box="[1161,1268,762,786]" name="Australia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Australia</collectingCountry>
: Victoria: Port Phillip Bay, Geelong Arm, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE71507A2957AD73FE2D0840FDAE3B66" box="[470,585,798,822]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" precision="92" value="-38.078335">38°04.7´S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE71507A2957AD73FDA30840FD3C3B66" box="[600,731,798,822]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" precision="92" value="144.60167">144°36.1´E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="FFFB107D2957AD73FD120840FC993B66" box="[745,894,798,822]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1970-02-11">11 Feb 1970</date>
, 10 m, sand/clay/silt, 1 
<typeStatus id="54FE881F2957AD73FB6D0841FB1E3B67" box="[1174,1273,799,823]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
, MV 
<accessionNumber id="9416AB5E2957AD73FAC40840FA7F3B66" box="[1343,1432,798,822]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/F42977" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="EnaNcbi">F42977</accessionNumber>
; Central Port Phillip Bay, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE71507A2957AD73FE45081CFDD53B0A" box="[446,562,834,858]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" precision="92" value="-38.155">38°09.3´S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE71507A2957AD73FDBA081CFD223B0A" box="[577,709,834,858]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" precision="92" value="144.945">144°56.7´E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="FFFB107D2957AD73FD28081CFC8E3B0A" box="[723,873,834,858]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1970-09-21">21 Sep 1970</date>
, 22 m, clay, 3 
<typeStatus id="54FE881F2957AD73FBE7081DFB6D3B0B" box="[1052,1162,835,859]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
, MV 
<accessionNumber id="9416AB5E2957AD73FB2B081CFACE3B0A" box="[1232,1321,834,858]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/F42953" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="EnaNcbi">F42953</accessionNumber>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C454D3E2957AD73FAB9081AFD853B2E" authority="Radashevsky &amp; Lana, 2009" authorityName="Radashevsky &amp; Lana" authorityYear="2009" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Laonice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="petersenae">
<emphasis id="B931EAAF2957AD73FAB9081AFEF73B2F" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Laonice petersenae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B4C2957AD73FEE00838FD853B2E" author="Radashevsky" box="[283,610,870,894]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Radashevsky, V. I. &amp; Lana, P. C. (2009) Laonice (Annelida: Spionidae) from South and Central America. Zoosymposia, 2, 265 - 295." type="book chapter" year="2009">Radashevsky &amp; Lana, 2009</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. SW Atlantic Ocean, 
<collectingCountry id="F352762D2957AD73FC9F0838FC4C3B2E" box="[868,939,870,894]" name="Brazil" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, Paraná, Paranaguá Bay: mouth of Maciel River, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE71507A2957AD73FF1908D4FEB13BF2" box="[226,342,906,930]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" precision="92" value="-25.558332">25°33.5´S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE71507A2957AD73FE9A08D4FE3A3BF2" box="[353,477,906,930]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" precision="92" value="-48.425">48°25.5´W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="FFFB107D2957AD73FE1308D4FD893BF2" box="[488,622,906,930]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2002-07-17">17 Jul 2002</date>
, 15 m, 8 
<typeStatus id="54FE881F2957AD73FD2E08D5FCA43BF3" box="[725,835,907,931]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED54AE782957AD73FCB508D4FC613BF2" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" box="[846,902,906,930]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">SMF</collectionCode>
13960.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35F65362957AD70FF3C08F0FF58394C" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFA36BD2957AD73FF3C08F0FCD53BBA" blockId="13.[151,1437,474,2010]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B931EAAF2957AD73FF3C08F0FEB53B97" bold="true" box="[199,338,942,967]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Description</emphasis>
(based on Gulf of Carpentaria specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C454D3E2957AD73FCAC08F1FB993B96" box="[855,1150,942,966]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Laonice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="quadridentata">
<emphasis id="B931EAAF2957AD73FCAC08F1FC563B96" box="[855,945,943,966]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Laonice</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="B931EAAF2957AD73FC1B08F0FB993B96" box="[992,1150,942,966]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">quadridentata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). All anterior fragments, with 39 chaetigers maximum, specimens 
<quantity id="4CBD9B582957AD73FD9D088CFD0A3BBA" box="[614,749,978,1002]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="0.4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="1.0" valueMax="1.6" valueMin="0.4">0.4–1.6 mm</quantity>
wide.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFA36BD2957AD73FF3C08A8FD123D7E" blockId="13.[151,1437,474,2010]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Prostomium anteriorly rounded, entire, fused to peristomium at anterior margin; laterally separated from peristomium by two grooves; posteriorly with caruncle merging into middorsal ridge, extending well into mid-body region, usually until end of fragment. Distinct finger-like occipital antenna present; arising at posterior part of prostomium behind eyes. Eyes one pair of two large reddish to dark brown patches across middle of prostomium; sometimes almost touching. Peristomium dorsoanteriorly fused with prostomium, well developed, forming moderate lateral bulges. Palps lost in all specimens. Nuchal organs as double ciliary bands running along each side of caruncle and middorsal ridge; maybe U-shaped but shape and posterior extension of ciliary bands not unambiguously discernible due to moderate to poor condition of material; in one specimen ciliary bands seem to reach chaetiger 15, in others visible to chaetiger 4, 7 or 10 (Fig. 12A).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFA36BD2957AD73FF3C0E64FB5D3DB2" blockId="13.[151,1437,474,2010]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Branchiae present from chaetiger 2, usually continuing along entire fragment; first branchiae small, cirriform or minute, stump-like (particularly in specimens with body widths &lt;
<quantity id="4CBD9B582957AD73FC6E0E00FC3D3D26" box="[917,986,1374,1398]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
), thereafter quickly increasing in length; from chaetiger 4 cirriform branchiae same length as notopodial postchaetal lamellae, longest branchiae present in mid-body region, about twice as long as notopodial postchaetal lamellae, in larger specimens at least 2.5-times length of postchaetal lamella; branchiae completely free from notopodial postchaetal lamellae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFA36BD2957AD73FF3C0EB0FAD53EEA" blockId="13.[151,1437,474,2010]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Chaetiger 1 not reduced, with well-developed parapodia; postchaetal lamellae rounded in both rami. From chaetiger 2 notopodial postchaetal lamellae leaf-like, initially tapered, from about chaetiger 4–6 rather elongate with rounded tip; neuropodial lamellae of chaetigers 2–4 subtriangular, becoming more rounded but usually with indistinct tip in subsequent chaetigers; in chaetigers of the mid-body region neuropodial lamellae elongate, often reaching ventral side of body (Fig. 12B–E). Distinct but low prechaetal lamella present in neuro- and notopodia. Dorsal crests absent. Interparapodial pouches from chaetiger 6, 8 or 13; continuing until end of fragment.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFA36BD2957AD73FF3C0D98FA9B3F8A" blockId="13.[151,1437,474,2010]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Chaetae in two rows in noto- and neuropodia of anterior and middle chaetigers; anterior row shorter and stouter than posterior row, granulated near tip; chaetae in posterior row long thin simple capillaries; in neuropodia of anterior body (first 10–15 chaetigers) number of chaetae in posterior row usually higher than in anterior row. Neuropodial hooded hooks present in few specimens only (Gulf of Carpentaria specimens are all anterior fragments only); usually starting as single hook in inferior position, hooks starting from chaetigers 26–33; two teeth above the main fang (
<figureCitation id="137E2A382957AD73FE700C24FE173FC2" box="[395,496,1914,1938]" captionStart="FIGURE 13. A, B" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1676,1699]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1654]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,193,1655]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 13. A, B Laonice cf. quadridentata. A. Notochaetae from chaetiger 5. B. Neuropodial hook from chaetiger 36, hood removed. C, D. Laonice quadridentata Blake &amp; Kudenov, 1978 (paratype, MV F 42953): Neuropodial hooks from chaetiger 45, hoods removed. E – J Laonice petersenae Radashevsky &amp; Lana, 2009 (2 paratypes, SMF 13960): E – G, I neuropodial hooks from chaetiger 61, H, J same from chaetiger 55, all hoods removed. Scales: A 5 µm; B E – J 1 µm; C, D 2 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/207918/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 13B</figureCitation>
, see Remarks). Thin capillaries in addition to hooks present in superior position, 
<quantity id="4CBD9B582957AD73FA7B0C24FF253FE6" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" metricValueMax="12.7" metricValueMin="2.54" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="in" value="3.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="1.0">1– 5 in</quantity>
number, exceeding hooks in length. Start of sabre chaetae difficult to determine (see Methods: Description of characters and procedures); in smaller specimens supposedly from about chaetiger 16, later in larger specimens.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFA36BD2954AD70FF3C0BC9FE4C38FF" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,320]" box="[199,427,151,175]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Pygidium unknown.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFA36BD2954AD70FF3C0BE5FF58394C" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,320]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B931EAAF2954AD70FF3C0BE5FEC73884" bold="true" box="[199,288,187,212]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Colour.</emphasis>
White in ethanol, usually with faint greyish or brownish pigment on parapodial postchaetal lamellae from about chaetiger 10–25; before chaetiger 10 and after chaetiger 25 very faint pigment only in notopodial lamellae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35F65362954AD70FF3C0A79FAF53FD0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BFA36BD2954AD70FF3C0A79FC4C396F" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,320]" box="[199,939,295,320]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B931EAAF2954AD70FF3C0A79FE873910" bold="true" box="[199,352,295,320]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F352762D2954AD70FE9C0A79FE36396F" box="[359,465,295,319]" name="Australia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Australia</collectingCountry>
, Gulf of Carpentaria, 
<quantity id="4CBD9B582954AD70FD3E0A79FCCF396F" box="[709,808,295,319]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" metricValueMax="4.3" metricValueMin="3.9" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="41.0" valueMax="43.0" valueMin="39.0">39–43 m</quantity>
(
<figureCitation id="137E2A382954AD70FCCC0A79FC7A396F" box="[823,925,295,319]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStartId-0="2.[151,250,1815,1838]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,250,882,905]" captionTargetBox-0="[201,1379,936,1777]" captionTargetBox-1="[413,1182,301,865]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[185,1402,911,1794]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[412,1183,301,873]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Locations in Australia where Laonice specimens were collected. Cross: L. insolita. White circle: L. cf. quadridentata. Grey circle: L. quadridentata. White square: L. lemniscata. Grey square: L. pectinata. Black square: L. hermaphroditica (data from unpublished Museum Victoria data). Grey diamond: Laonice cf. weddellia. Black diamond: L. bassensis (data from Blake &amp; Kudenov 1978)." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Bathymetric distribution of Australian Laonice species. L. hermaphroditica data based on the depth of Morton Bay, L. bassensis data from Blake &amp; Kudenov 1978, L. weddellia data from OBIS (http: // www. obis. org. au /)" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/207907/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/207908/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs. 1-2</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFA36BD2954AD70FF6C0C77FAF53FD0" blockId="14.[151,1437,1833,1921]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B931EAAF2954AD70FF6C0C77FEF83F6F" bold="true" box="[151,287,1833,1856]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">FIGURE 12.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C454D3E2954AD70FEDE0C75FCCC3F10" authority="Blake &amp; Kudenov, 1978" authorityName="Blake &amp; Kudenov" authorityYear="1978" box="[293,811,1834,1856]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Laonice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="quadridentata">
<emphasis id="B931EAAF2954AD70FEDE0C75FE903F10" box="[293,375,1835,1856]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Laonice</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="B931EAAF2954AD70FE660C74FDCA3F10" box="[413,557,1834,1856]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">quadridentata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B4C2954AD70FDC90C74FCCC3F10" author="Blake" box="[562,811,1834,1856]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refString="Blake, J. A. &amp; Kudenov, J. D. (1978) The Spionidae (Polychaeta) from southeastern Australia and adjacent areas with a revision of the genera. Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria, 39, 171 - 280." type="journal article" year="1978">Blake &amp; Kudenov, 1978</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. A Anterior end from dorsal; back of specimen damaged after chaetiger 4 (QM G229031). B. Parapodium 5 (left) (QM G229014). C. Parapodium 16 (right) (QM G229031). D. Parapodium 35 (right) (QM G229014). E. 22nd parapodium (left) (QM G229031). Scales: A 
<quantity id="4CBD9B582954AD70FC400C34FBEA3FD0" box="[955,1037,1898,1920]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
; B–D 
<quantity id="4CBD9B582954AD70FBB70C35FB7A3FD0" box="[1100,1181,1899,1920]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
; E 
<quantity id="4CBD9B582954AD70FB460C35FAE93FD0" box="[1213,1294,1899,1920]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF3A66352955AD71FF6C0DD2FB543EAE" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/207918/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1654]" targetPageId="15">
<paragraph id="8BFA36BD2955AD71FF6C0DD2FB543EAE" blockId="15.[151,1437,1676,1790]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B931EAAF2955AD71FF6C0DD2FEF83EF1" bold="true" box="[151,287,1676,1699]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">FIGURE 13.</emphasis>
A, B 
<taxonomicName id="4C454D3E2955AD71FEA60DD3FD8E3EF2" box="[349,617,1676,1698]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Laonice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="quadridentata">
<emphasis id="B931EAAF2955AD71FEA60DD3FE483EF2" box="[349,431,1677,1698]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Laonice</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="B931EAAF2955AD71FE2D0DD2FD8E3EF2" box="[470,617,1676,1698]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">quadridentata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A. Notochaetae from chaetiger 5. B. Neuropodial hook from chaetiger 36, hood removed. C, D. 
<taxonomicName id="4C454D3E2955AD71FECC0DF2FCFE3E91" authority="Blake &amp; Kudenov, 1978" authorityName="Blake &amp; Kudenov" authorityYear="1978" box="[311,793,1707,1729]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Laonice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="quadridentata">
<emphasis id="B931EAAF2955AD71FECC0DF2FDFA3E91" box="[311,541,1707,1729]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Laonice quadridentata</emphasis>
Blake &amp; Kudenov, 1978
</taxonomicName>
(paratype, MV 
<accessionNumber id="9416AB5E2955AD71FC420DF5FBEB3E91" box="[953,1036,1707,1729]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/F42953" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="EnaNcbi">F42953</accessionNumber>
): Neuropodial hooks from chaetiger 45, hoods removed. E–J 
<taxonomicName id="4C454D3E2955AD71FE920D94FCAC3E8F" authority="Radashevsky &amp; Lana, 2009" authorityName="Radashevsky &amp; Lana" authorityYear="2009" box="[361,843,1737,1760]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Laonice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="petersenae">
<emphasis id="B931EAAF2955AD71FE920D94FDC93EB0" box="[361,558,1738,1760]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Laonice petersenae</emphasis>
Radashevsky &amp; Lana, 2009
</taxonomicName>
(2 paratypes, SMF 13960): E–G, I neuropodial hooks from chaetiger 61, H, J same from chaetiger 55, all hoods removed. Scales: A 5 µm; B E–J 1 µm; C, D 2 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C35F65362955AD71FF3C0C75FA7B3F83" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BFA36BD2955AD71FF3C0C75FA7B3F83" blockId="15.[151,1437,1835,2003]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B931EAAF2955AD71FF3C0C75FEDC3F13" bold="true" box="[199,315,1835,1859]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C454D3E2955AD71FEBF0C72FE793F13" box="[324,414,1836,1859]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Laonice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B931EAAF2955AD71FEBF0C72FE793F13" box="[324,414,1836,1859]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Laonice</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Gulf of Carpentaria were identified as 
<taxonomicName id="4C454D3E2955AD71FC340C72FB533F13" box="[975,1204,1835,1859]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Laonice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="quadridentata">
<emphasis id="B931EAAF2955AD71FC340C72FC013F13" box="[975,998,1836,1859]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">L.</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="B931EAAF2955AD71FBEE0C75FB533F13" box="[1045,1204,1835,1859]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">quadridentata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on the fusion between prostomium and peristomium, the beginning of interparapodial pouches after chaetiger 6, and the late start of neuropodial hooded hooks, not before chaetiger 26. 
<taxonomicName id="4C454D3E2955AD71FD040C2AFBE73FDB" box="[767,1024,1907,1931]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Laonice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="quadridentata">
<emphasis id="B931EAAF2955AD71FD040C2AFBE73FDB" box="[767,1024,1907,1931]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Laonice quadridentata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B4C2955AD71FB340C2DFF043FFF" author="Blake" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Blake, J. A. &amp; Kudenov, J. D. (1978) The Spionidae (Polychaeta) from southeastern Australia and adjacent areas with a revision of the genera. Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria, 39, 171 - 280." type="journal article" year="1978">Blake &amp; Kudenov (1978)</bibRefCitation>
, from Port Phillip Bay, Victoria, 
<collectingCountry id="F352762D2955AD71FD980CC9FD293FFF" box="[611,718,1943,1967]" name="Australia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Australia</collectingCountry>
. The most striking feature of 
<taxonomicName id="4C454D3E2955AD71FBDD0CC6FB023FFF" box="[1062,1253,1943,1967]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Laonice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="quadridentata">
<emphasis id="B931EAAF2955AD71FBDD0CC6FB023FFF" box="[1062,1253,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">L. quadridentata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the fusion of prostomium and peristomium. However, from the literature it is known that species morphologically similar to 
<emphasis id="B931EAAF2955AD71FA7E0CE2FA7B3F83" box="[1413,1436,1980,2003]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">L.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35F6536294AAD6EFF6C0BFEFC113AE0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BFA36BD294AAD6EFF6C0BFEFC113AE0" blockId="16.[151,1436,159,688]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="4C454D3E294AAD6EFF6C0BFEFED138E8" ID-CoL="854XM" box="[151,310,160,184]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Laonice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="quadridentata">
<emphasis id="B931EAAF294AAD6EFF6C0BFEFED138E8" box="[151,310,160,184]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">quadridentata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
show great ontogenetic and individual variability (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B4C294AAD6EFC970BC1FBEB38E7" author="Sikorski" box="[876,1036,159,183]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Sikorski, A. V. (2002) On distinguishing the morphologically close species, Laonice cirrata and L. bahusiensis (Polychaeta, Spionidae). Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 81, 406 - 419." type="journal article" year="2002">Sikorski 2002</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B4C294AAD6EFBEC0BC1FBB938E7" author="Sikorski" box="[1047,1118,159,183]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Sikorski, A. V. (2003 a) Laonice (Polychaeta, Spionidae) in the Arctic and the North Atlantic. Sarsia, 88, 316 - 345." type="journal article" year="2003" yearSuffix="a">2003a</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B4C294AAD6EFB930BC1FA7F38E7" author="Radashevsky" box="[1128,1432,159,183]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Radashevsky, V. I. &amp; Lana, P. C. (2009) Laonice (Annelida: Spionidae) from South and Central America. Zoosymposia, 2, 265 - 295." type="book chapter" year="2009">Radashevsky &amp; Lana 2009</bibRefCitation>
, see Discussion). Such variability was not reported by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B4C294AAD6EFCFE0B9AFBCD388C" author="Blake" box="[773,1066,196,220]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Blake, J. A. &amp; Kudenov, J. D. (1978) The Spionidae (Polychaeta) from southeastern Australia and adjacent areas with a revision of the genera. Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria, 39, 171 - 280." type="journal article" year="1978">Blake &amp; Kudenov (1978)</bibRefCitation>
in the original description of 
<taxonomicName id="4C454D3E294AAD6EFA7E0B9BFED13950" ID-CoL="854XM" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Laonice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="quadridentata">
<emphasis id="B931EAAF294AAD6EFA7E0B9BFED13950" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">L. quadridentata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This lack of variation is in good agreement with the results of our examination of four 
<typeStatus id="54FE881F294AAD6EFAE90BB6FA993950" box="[1298,1406,232,256]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4C454D3E294AAD6EFF6C0A53FEB43974" ID-CoL="854XM" box="[151,339,268,292]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Laonice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="quadridentata">
<emphasis id="B931EAAF294AAD6EFF6C0A53FEB43974" box="[151,339,268,292]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">L. quadridentata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with the exception that our SEM studies of the two 
<typeStatus id="54FE881F294AAD6EFC530A53FBF43975" box="[936,1043,269,293]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
possessing hooks revealed that the number of apical teeth in the neuropodial hooded hooks varied between 3–4 within a single individual (
<figureCitation id="137E2A38294AAD6EFACB0A71FA653917" box="[1328,1410,303,327]" captionStart="FIGURE 13. A, B" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1676,1699]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1654]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,193,1655]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 13. A, B Laonice cf. quadridentata. A. Notochaetae from chaetiger 5. B. Neuropodial hook from chaetiger 36, hood removed. C, D. Laonice quadridentata Blake &amp; Kudenov, 1978 (paratype, MV F 42953): Neuropodial hooks from chaetiger 45, hoods removed. E – J Laonice petersenae Radashevsky &amp; Lana, 2009 (2 paratypes, SMF 13960): E – G, I neuropodial hooks from chaetiger 61, H, J same from chaetiger 55, all hoods removed. Scales: A 5 µm; B E – J 1 µm; C, D 2 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/207918/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
C, D). Although our specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C454D3E294AAD6EFDF80A0BFCCD393C" ID-CoL="854XM" box="[515,810,340,364]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Laonice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="quadridentata">
<emphasis id="B931EAAF294AAD6EFDF80A0BFDBA393C" box="[515,605,341,364]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Laonice</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="B931EAAF294AAD6EFD770A0AFCCD393C" box="[652,810,340,364]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">quadridentata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Gulf of Carpentaria were comprised of short anterior fragments, many in poor condition and only a few with hooks, our specimens exhibited considerable variability in regard to the extension of the nuchal organ, the beginning of interneuropodial pouches, and the start of hooded hooks in the neuropodia (see description above). Also, the start of sabre chaetae appeared to vary, though it was difficult to determine the exact position where sabre chaetae were first present (see Methods). Due to the limitations of available material, it is impossible to provide data on these characters in relation to the total number of chaetigers or to last branchiate chaetigers as did 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B4C294AAD6EFD490972FCBE3A14" author="Sikorski" box="[690,857,556,580]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Sikorski, A. V. (2002) On distinguishing the morphologically close species, Laonice cirrata and L. bahusiensis (Polychaeta, Spionidae). Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 81, 406 - 419." type="journal article" year="2002">Sikorski (2002</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B4C294AAD6EFC9F0972FC4D3A14" author="Sikorski" box="[868,938,556,580]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Sikorski, A. V. (2003 a) Laonice (Polychaeta, Spionidae) in the Arctic and the North Atlantic. Sarsia, 88, 316 - 345." type="journal article" year="2003" yearSuffix="a">2003a</bibRefCitation>
) and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B4C294AAD6EFC130972FACC3A14" author="Radashevsky" box="[1000,1323,556,580]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Radashevsky, V. I. &amp; Lana, P. C. (2009) Laonice (Annelida: Spionidae) from South and Central America. Zoosymposia, 2, 265 - 295." type="book chapter" year="2009">Radashevsky &amp; Lana (2009)</bibRefCitation>
. Based on the available material and knowledge of the importance of size-related variability in understanding species boundaries in 
<taxonomicName id="4C454D3E294AAD6EFF14092BFEAE3ADC" ID-CoL="84PJQ" box="[239,329,629,652]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Laonice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B931EAAF294AAD6EFF14092BFEAE3ADC" box="[239,329,629,652]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Laonice</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, we have to refrain from a formal assignment to one of the currently valid species and the material from the Gulf of Carpentaria is referred to here as 
<taxonomicName id="4C454D3E294AAD6EFD3009C7FC083AE0" ID-CoL="854XM" box="[715,1007,663,688]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Laonice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="quadridentata">
<emphasis id="B931EAAF294AAD6EFD3009C7FCC23AE0" box="[715,805,665,688]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Laonice</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="B931EAAF294AAD6EFCAB09C6FC083AE0" box="[848,1007,664,688]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">quadridentata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>