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<document id="657A0987EE4B4ABE2F7938DFF939BA41" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.180189" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e3efdbf4-b811-4de6-8da6-7701913a1bd1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="180189" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459801162743" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Last, Peter R. &amp; Séret, Bernard" docDate="2008" docId="3109F354FFFF173099F5FE3C0671FE4A" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01671p058.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1671" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Sinobatis" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="36" masterDocId="CD308B2CFFFD17349962FFC60370FFB8" masterDocTitle="Three new legskates of the genus Sinobatis (Rajoidei: Anacanthobatidae) from the Indo – West Pacific" masterLastPageNumber="58" masterPageNumber="33" pageNumber="35" updateTime="1698219971674" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="FCC0C25C604FE6ADE24272269E62B0DA">Three new legskates of the genus Sinobatis (Rajoidei: Anacanthobatidae) from the Indo – West Pacific</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CD73D4AA8B2082D1170B04F25E637605">Last, Peter R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F98AB26D3E91A2D120276124E5F0FDCB">Séret, Bernard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="7D76D7099306D138B8B63AF39BE90521">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="B411352EF682CB02853143BF644A0A06" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.180189</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="3109F354FFFF173099F5FE3C0671FE4A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5672360" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119351776" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5672360" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3109F354FFFF173099F5FE3C0671FE4A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3109F354FFFF173099F5FE3C0671FE4A" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
<subSubSection id="F1BA11C9FFFF173699F5FE3C022FFDAC" box="[151,351,506,532]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="B91F4242FFFF173699F5FE3C022FFDAC" blockId="2.[151,351,506,532]" box="[151,351,506,532]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
<heading id="E257F52EFFFF173699F5FE3C022FFDAC" bold="true" box="[151,351,506,532]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" reason="1">
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFFF173699F5FE3C022FFDAC" bold="true" box="[151,351,506,532]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="7EA039C1FFFF1736998CFE3C022FFDAC" ID-CoL="63SRR" ID-ENA="1072511" box="[238,351,506,532]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Sinobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFFF1736998CFE3C022FFDAC" bold="true" box="[238,351,506,532]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Sinobatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F1BA11C9FFFF173699F5FD830635FC07" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="B91F4242FFFF173699F5FD830791FDE4" blockId="2.[151,1249,581,604]" box="[151,1249,581,604]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="99B0656CFFFF173699F5FD830791FDE4" box="[151,1249,581,604]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName id="7EA039C1FFFF173699F5FD8302C8FDE4" ID-CoL="63SRR" authority="Hulley 1973:153" authorityName="Hulley" authorityPageNumber="153" authorityYear="1973" box="[151,440,581,604]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Sinobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFFF173699F5FD83038AFDE4" box="[151,250,581,604]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Sinobatis</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="38016453FFFF17369863FD8302C8FDE4" author="Hulley" box="[257,440,581,604]" page="153" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" year="1973">
<bibRefCitation id="DD313FB3FFFF17369863FD8302FAFDE4" author="Hulley" box="[257,394,581,604]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" refString="Hulley, P. A. (1973) Interrelationships within the Anacanthobatidae (Chondrichthyes, Rajoidea), with a description of the lectotype of Anacanthobatis marmoratus von Bonde &amp; Swart, 1923. Annals of the South African Museum, 62, 131 - 158." type="journal article" year="1973">Hulley 1973</bibRefCitation>
:153
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Fem.
<taxonomicName id="7EA039C1FFFF1736989DFD8300EEFDE4" ID-CoL="66JGD" authority="Chan 1965" authorityName="Chan" authorityYear="1965" box="[511,926,581,604]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Anacanthobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borneensis">
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFFF1736989DFD830050FDE4" box="[511,800,581,604]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Anacanthobatis borneensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="DD313FB3FFFF17369A45FD8300EEFDE4" author="Chan" box="[807,926,581,604]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" refString="Chan, W. L. (1965) Anacanthobatis borneensis, the second new anacanthobatid skate from the South China Sea. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology, 13, 46 - 51." type="journal article" year="1965">Chan 1965</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<typeStatus id="661BFCE0FFFF17369ACAFD8300ADFDE4" box="[936,989,581,604]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Type</typeStatus>
by original designation.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B91F4242FFFF173699F5FD4B0635FC07" blockId="2.[151,1437,653,1999]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFFF173699F5FD4B026BFD1F" bold="true" box="[151,283,653,679]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Definition.</emphasis>
Claspers small to medium (postcloacal length about 17–21% TL when mature); lacking spur, palp and pseudosiphon; rhipidion present; shield narrow laterally, with an expanded medial arm that wraps over ventral surface and fuses to axil cartilage; sentinel and spike simple with pungent, slightly flattened, recurved tips; sentinel capable of strong anteromedial rotation (almost forming 180° angle with spike when clasper everted); two dorsal terminal cartilages but dorsal terminal 1 absent; distal projection of dorsal terminal 3 not forming an obvious spur; axial tip simple, not spatulate or with a corrugated margin; accessory terminal 1 simple, apex weakly or strongly blade like, not spoon-shaped; accessory terminal 2 simple, slender, forming a spiral projection, attachment process poorly developed; monospondylous vertebrae mainly exceeding 25.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F1BA11C9FFFF173099A5FC0B0671FE4A" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="B91F4242FFFF173699A5FC0B0222FA7F" blockId="2.[151,1437,653,1999]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFFF173699A5FC0B0230FC5F" bold="true" box="[199,320,973,999]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="7EA039C1FFFF1736982BFC0B02C6FC5E" box="[329,438,973,998]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Sinobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFFF1736982BFC0B02C6FC5E" box="[329,438,973,998]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Sinobatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is elevated to generic level on the basis of the conservative intragroup clasper morphology of its member species, and its strong differentiation from Hulley’s (1973) other subgenera of
<taxonomicName id="7EA039C1FFFF17369C5BFC330385FB8E" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Anacanthobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFFF17369C5BFC330385FB8E" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Anacanthobatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The adult claspers of two of the new species, for which adult males were available, conform very closely to Hulley’s figures and definition of
<taxonomicName id="7EA039C1FFFF17369BCAFB830065FBE6" box="[680,789,1093,1118]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Sinobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFFF17369BCAFB830065FBE6" box="[680,789,1093,1118]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Sinobatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on
<taxonomicName id="7EA039C1FFFF17369AF2FB83075EFBE6" box="[912,1070,1093,1118]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Anacanthobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borneensis">
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFFF17369AF2FB83075EFBE6" box="[912,1070,1093,1118]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">S. borneensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="219B5EC7FFFF17369D5DFB8307F6FBE7" box="[1087,1158,1093,1119]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1488,1512]" captionTargetBox="[415,1151,367,1488]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Everted clasper glans of: A, Sinobatis borneensis, mature male, copied from Hulley, 1973 (as Fig 10 A); B, Sinobatis bulbicauda sp. nov., paratype, CSIRO CA 2825, 433 mm TL, adult male. Clasper components abbreviated as: cf—cleft, rh—rhipidion, sh—shield, sp—spike, and st—sentinel. Scale bar 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180190/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). These species form a natural group based on their clasper morphology. The clasper of the
<typeStatus id="661BFCE0FFFF17369AD1FBAB0095FB3F" box="[947,997,1133,1159]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">type</typeStatus>
species of the genus
<taxonomicName id="7EA039C1FFFF17369DBEFBAB06E4FB3E" box="[1244,1428,1133,1158]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Anacanthobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFFF17369DBEFBAB06E4FB3E" box="[1244,1428,1133,1158]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Anacanthobatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="7EA039C1FFFF173699F5FB5301D6FB17" authority="Von Bonde &amp; Swart, 1923" authorityName="Von Bonde &amp; Swart" authorityYear="1923" box="[151,678,1173,1199]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Anacanthobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFFF173699F5FB530238FB16" box="[151,328,1173,1198]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">A. marmoratus</emphasis>
(Von
<bibRefCitation id="DD313FB3FFFF173698F6FB5301EDFB17" author="Bonde" box="[404,669,1173,1199]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" refString="von Bonde, C. &amp; Swart, D. B. (1923) The Platosomia (skates and rays) collected by the S. S. &quot; Pickle &quot;. Reports of the Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey of the Union of South Africa, 3, 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="1923">Bonde &amp; Swart, 1923</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, differs markedly from these 3 species (
<figureCitation id="219B5EC7FFFF17369DE5FB5307A1FB17" box="[1159,1233,1173,1199]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1777,1801]" captionTargetBox="[370,1202,280,1698]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[365,1221,266,1017]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cartilages of the right clasper of: A, Sinobatis borneensis, mature male, lateral view, adapted from Hulley, 1973 (as Figs 11, 12); B, Anacanthobatis marmoratus, mature male, dorsal view, copied from Hulley, 1972 (as Fig 43). Skeletal terminology abbreviated as: atr 1 — accessory terminal 1 cartilage, atr 2 — accessory terminal 2 cartilage, axaxial cartilage, dmg—dorsal marginal cartilage, dtr 2 — dorsal terminal 2 cartilage, dtr 3 — dorsal terminal 3 cartilage, vmg—ventral marginal cartilage, vtr—ventral terminal cartilage." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180191/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
, see also
<bibRefCitation id="DD313FB3FFFF17369C25FB5303A6FB6F" author="Hulley" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" refString="Hulley, P. A. (1972) The origin, interrelationships and distribution of southern African Rajidae (Chondrichthyes, Batoidei). Annals of the South African Museum, 60, 1 - 103." type="journal article" year="1972">Hulley, 1972</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="7EA039C1FFFF17369992FB7B02D8FB6E" box="[240,424,1213,1238]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Anacanthobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFFF17369992FB7B02D8FB6E" box="[240,424,1213,1238]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Anacanthobatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a palp (absent in
<taxonomicName id="7EA039C1FFFF17369BA8FB7B0047FB6E" box="[714,823,1213,1238]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Sinobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFFF17369BA8FB7B0047FB6E" box="[714,823,1213,1238]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Sinobatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), prominent shield with a well-developed eperon (poorly developed without an eperon), spatulate axial tip (simply pointed), 3 dorsal terminal cartilages (only 2 with dorsal terminal 1 absent), spur present (absent), and ventral terminal cartilage with serrated outer lateral margin and windowed inner lateral margin (no serrations and without fenestration).
<bibRefCitation id="DD313FB3FFFF17369DEDFAF30646FAF7" author="Hulley" box="[1167,1334,1333,1359]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" refString="Hulley, P. A. (1972) The origin, interrelationships and distribution of southern African Rajidae (Chondrichthyes, Batoidei). Annals of the South African Museum, 60, 1 - 103." type="journal article" year="1972">Hulley (1972)</bibRefCitation>
initially described and figured the accessory terminal 2 of
<taxonomicName id="7EA039C1FFFF17369BBFFA9B00E5FACE" box="[733,917,1373,1398]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Anacanthobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFFF17369BBFFA9B00E5FACE" box="[733,917,1373,1398]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Anacanthobatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as spoon-shaped distally but later relabelled this structure as the accessory terminal 1 (
<bibRefCitation id="DD313FB3FFFF17369BE6FA430052FA27" author="Hulley" box="[644,802,1413,1439]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" refString="Hulley, P. A. (1973) Interrelationships within the Anacanthobatidae (Chondrichthyes, Rajoidea), with a description of the lectotype of Anacanthobatis marmoratus von Bonde &amp; Swart, 1923. Annals of the South African Museum, 62, 131 - 158." type="journal article" year="1973">Hulley, 1973</bibRefCitation>
). In
<taxonomicName id="7EA039C1FFFF17369A34FA4300B3FA26" box="[854,963,1413,1438]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Sinobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFFF17369A34FA4300B3FA26" box="[854,963,1413,1438]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Sinobatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, both of these cartilages are slender and pointed distally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B91F4242FFFF173699A5FA130788F897" blockId="2.[151,1437,653,1999]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
We recommend that Hulley’s two other subgenera,
<taxonomicName id="7EA039C1FFFF17369A7EFA1300E9FA56" box="[796,921,1493,1518]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Springeria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFFF17369A7EFA1300E9FA56" box="[796,921,1493,1518]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Springeria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFFF17369AB3FA1307E6FA56" box="[977,1174,1493,1518]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName id="7EA039C1FFFF17369AB3FA1307E2FA56" box="[977,1170,1493,1518]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Schroederobatis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Schroederobatis</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
be elevated to generic level as their clasper morphology also differs markedly from
<taxonomicName id="7EA039C1FFFF17369A02FA3B0768F9AE" box="[864,1048,1533,1558]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Anacanthobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFFF17369A02FA3B0768F9AE" box="[864,1048,1533,1558]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Anacanthobatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="7EA039C1FFFF17369D32FA3B07CDF9AE" box="[1104,1213,1533,1558]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Sinobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFFF17369D32FA3B07CDF9AE" box="[1104,1213,1533,1558]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Sinobatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="7EA039C1FFFF17369DA9FA3B0638F9AE" box="[1227,1352,1533,1558]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Springeria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFFF17369DA9FA3B0638F9AE" box="[1227,1352,1533,1558]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Springeria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(based on
<bibRefCitation id="DD313FB3FFFF173699DCF9E30229F987" author="Hulley" box="[190,345,1573,1599]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" refString="Hulley, P. A. (1973) Interrelationships within the Anacanthobatidae (Chondrichthyes, Rajoidea), with a description of the lectotype of Anacanthobatis marmoratus von Bonde &amp; Swart, 1923. Annals of the South African Museum, 62, 131 - 158." type="journal article" year="1973">Hulley, 1973</bibRefCitation>
) differs from
<taxonomicName id="7EA039C1FFFF17369B61F9E30100F986" box="[515,624,1573,1598]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Sinobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFFF17369B61F9E30100F986" box="[515,624,1573,1598]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Sinobatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in possessing a spur and palp (otherwise absent), the shield is well developed (poorly developed in
<taxonomicName id="7EA039C1FFFF17369B74F98B01F3F9DE" box="[534,643,1613,1638]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Sinobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFFF17369B74F98B01F3F9DE" box="[534,643,1613,1638]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Sinobatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but lacking an eperon in both taxa), four dorsal terminal cartilages (rather than 2), ventral terminal cartilage with a small medial process (process greatly extended, wrapping around clasper), and the accessory terminal 2 with a much better developed attachment process.
<taxonomicName id="7EA039C1FFFF17369D9CF95B03B2F966" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Schroederobatis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFFF17369D9CF95B03B2F966" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Schroederobatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(based on
<bibRefCitation id="DD313FB3FFFF17369827F9030290F967" author="Hulley" box="[325,480,1733,1759]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" refString="Hulley, P. A. (1973) Interrelationships within the Anacanthobatidae (Chondrichthyes, Rajoidea), with a description of the lectotype of Anacanthobatis marmoratus von Bonde &amp; Swart, 1923. Annals of the South African Museum, 62, 131 - 158." type="journal article" year="1973">Hulley, 1973</bibRefCitation>
) differs from
<taxonomicName id="7EA039C1FFFF17369BEAF9030185F966" box="[648,757,1733,1758]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Sinobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFFF17369BEAF9030185F966" box="[648,757,1733,1758]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Sinobatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having a pseudosiphon, but lacks a shield and ventral terminal cartilage. Also, the accessory terminal cartilages are reduced in length in
<taxonomicName id="7EA039C1FFFF17369D17F92B0643F8BE" box="[1141,1331,1773,1798]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Schroederobatis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFFF17369D17F92B0643F8BE" box="[1141,1331,1773,1798]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Schroederobatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the dorsal terminal 1 is well developed (rather than absent). For more details see
<bibRefCitation id="DD313FB3FFFF17369D7DF8D30783F897" author="Hulley" box="[1055,1267,1813,1839]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" refString="Hulley, P. A. (1972) The origin, interrelationships and distribution of southern African Rajidae (Chondrichthyes, Batoidei). Annals of the South African Museum, 60, 1 - 103." type="journal article" year="1972">Hulley (1972, 73)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B91F4242FFFF173799A5F8FB03B0FEBA" blockId="2.[151,1437,653,1999]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,152,258]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
Other taxonomic characters appear to be important for characterising these groups. For example,
<bibRefCitation id="DD313FB3FFFF17369C02F8FB0394F8C7" author="Seret" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" refString="Seret, B. (1986) Deep water skates of Madagascar. Part I. Anacanthobatidae (Pisces, Chondrichthyes, Batoidea), second record of the skate Anacanthobatis ori (Wallace, 1967) from off Madagascar. Cybium, 10, 307 - 326." type="journal article" year="1986">Séret (1986)</bibRefCitation>
has shown that there are major differences in the chondrocranium between members of the subgroups. Similarly, species of
<taxonomicName id="7EA039C1FFFF173698F0F84B028FF81E" box="[402,511,1933,1958]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Sinobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFFF173698F0F84B028FF81E" box="[402,511,1933,1958]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Sinobatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have a relatively short and broad nasal curtain with rather small lateral lobes compared to the long, narrow, large-lobed curtain possessed by
<taxonomicName id="7EA039C1FFFF17369A1FF87307F9F876" box="[893,1161,1973,1998]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Springeria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longirostris">
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFFF17369A1FF87307F9F876" box="[893,1161,1973,1998]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Springeria longirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. More work is required to provide comprehensive definitions of the genera and assign presently unresolved taxa such as
<taxonomicName id="7EA039C1FFFE17379C66FF5E02C0FF62" authority="Wallace, 1967" authorityName="Wallace" authorityYear="1967" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Anacanthobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ori">
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFFE17379C66FF5E039DFF61" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Anacanthobatis ori</emphasis>
(Wallace, 1967)
</taxonomicName>
which, based on its chondrocranium, is unlikely to be congeneric with
<taxonomicName id="7EA039C1FFFE17379C61FF0603C9FEB9" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Anacanthobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFFE17379C61FF0603C9FEB9" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">A. marmoratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B91F4242FFFE17309867FEAF0671FE4A" blockId="3.[261,296,361,405]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,152,498]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFFE17379867FEAF0259F9C3" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">A B Species.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="7EA039C1FFFE17379850F9A702EFF9C2" box="[306,415,1633,1658]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Sinobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFFE17379850F9A702EFF9C2" box="[306,415,1633,1658]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Sinobatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
includes
<taxonomicName id="7EA039C1FFFE17379B71F9A7007BF9C3" authority="Chan" authorityName="Chan" box="[531,779,1633,1659]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Anacanthobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borneensis">
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFFE17379B71F9A701C1F9C2" box="[531,689,1633,1658]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">S. borneensis</emphasis>
(Chan)
</taxonomicName>
(South
<collectingCountry id="C1B702D2FFFE17379A09F9A700C1F9C3" box="[875,945,1633,1659]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">China</collectingCountry>
Sea and
<collectingCountry id="C1B702D2FFFE17379D43F9A7070BF9C3" box="[1057,1147,1633,1659]" name="Taiwan" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
),
<taxonomicName id="7EA039C1FFFE17379DF3F9A70644F9C2" box="[1169,1332,1633,1658]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Sinobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bulbicauda" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFFE17379DF3F9A70644F9C2" box="[1169,1332,1633,1658]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">S. bulbicauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFFE17379C5EF9A606ECF9C2" bold="true" box="[1340,1436,1632,1658]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="90E7232BFFFE17379C5EF9A606ECF9C2" box="[1340,1436,1632,1658]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(eastern
<collectingCountry id="C1B702D2FFFE17379999F94F021DF91B" box="[251,365,1673,1699]" name="Indonesia" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
and northwestern
<collectingCountry id="C1B702D2FFFE17379B24F94F01C4F91B" box="[582,692,1673,1699]" name="Australia" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Australia</collectingCountry>
, SE Indian Ocean), and
<taxonomicName id="7EA039C1FFFE17379AB2F94F0725F91A" box="[976,1109,1673,1698]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Sinobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="filicauda" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFFE17379AB2F94F0725F91A" box="[976,1109,1673,1698]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">S. filicauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFFE17379D3EF94E07C9F91A" bold="true" box="[1116,1209,1672,1698]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="90E7232BFFFE17379D3EF94E07C9F91A" box="[1116,1209,1672,1698]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(northeastern
<collectingCountry id="C1B702D2FFFE17379C01F94F03A6F973" name="Australia" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Australia</collectingCountry>
, SE Pacific Ocean) based on observed adult clasper morphology, and provisionally includes
<taxonomicName id="7EA039C1FFFE17379C7CF97703A5F94A" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Sinobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanosoma">
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFFE17379C7CF97703A5F94A" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">S. melanosoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(East and South
<collectingCountry id="C1B702D2FFFE173798C7F91F029BF94B" box="[421,491,1753,1779]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">China</collectingCountry>
Seas and
<collectingCountry id="C1B702D2FFFE17379B0AF91F01B0F94B" box="[616,704,1753,1779]" name="Taiwan" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
) and
<taxonomicName id="7EA039C1FFFE17379A66F91F00FBF94A" box="[772,907,1753,1778]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Sinobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caerulea" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFFE17379A66F91F00FBF94A" box="[772,907,1753,1778]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">S. caerulea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFFE17379AF6F91E0083F94A" bold="true" box="[916,1011,1752,1778]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="90E7232BFFFE17379AF6F91E0083F94A" box="[916,1011,1752,1778]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(northwestern
<collectingCountry id="C1B702D2FFFE17379DCBF91F0667F94B" box="[1193,1303,1753,1779]" name="Australia" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Australia</collectingCountry>
, SE Indian Ocean). The
<quantity id="7E58EFA7FFFE17379852F8C702E3F8A3" box="[304,403,1793,1819]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.17" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="317.0">317 mm</quantity>
TL, mature male
<typeStatus id="661BFCE0FFFE17379B0BF8C701A0F8A3" box="[617,720,1793,1819]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="7EA039C1FFFE17379B9BF8C7009DF8A2" box="[761,1005,1793,1818]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Sinobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borneensis">
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFFE17379B9BF8C7009DF8A2" box="[761,1005,1793,1818]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Sinobatis borneensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(BMNH 1965.1.29.1) was collected in the South
<collectingCountry id="C1B702D2FFFE17379853F8EF0207F8FB" box="[305,375,1833,1859]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">China</collectingCountry>
Sea, north of Kuching, Borneo. Compared to other members of the genus,
<taxonomicName id="7EA039C1FFFE17379D9CF8EF06EBF8FA" box="[1278,1435,1833,1858]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Sinobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borneensis">
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFFE17379D9CF8EF06EBF8FA" box="[1278,1435,1833,1858]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">S. borneensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appears to be relatively small. An adolescent male examined from the nearby
<collectingCountry id="C1B702D2FFFE17379D37F89707A9F8D3" box="[1109,1241,1873,1899]" name="Philippines" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Philippines</collectingCountry>
(MNHN 1997– 3321) had well-developed claspers and developing alar thorns at
<quantity id="7E58EFA7FFFE17379AF2F8BF0081F82B" box="[912,1009,1913,1939]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.53" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="253.0">253 mm</quantity>
TL.
<bibRefCitation id="DD313FB3FFFE17379D48F8BF0675F82B" box="[1066,1285,1913,1939]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" refString="Chu, Y. - T., Meng, Q. - W., Hu, A. - S. &amp; Li, S. (1981) Description of four new species, a new genus and a new family of elasmobranchiate fishes from deep sea of the South China Sea. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica, 12, 103 - 116." type="journal article">Chu et al.’s (1981)</bibRefCitation>
figure of the late adolescent male
<typeStatus id="661BFCE0FFFE173798F2F8670287F803" box="[400,503,1953,1979]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="7EA039C1FFFE17379B43F8670054F802" box="[545,804,1953,1978]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Springeria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nahaiensis">
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFFE17379B43F8670054F802" box="[545,804,1953,1978]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Springeria nahaiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, also from the South
<collectingCountry id="C1B702D2FFFE17379D4AF867071EF803" box="[1064,1134,1953,1979]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">China</collectingCountry>
Sea, displays developing claspers and alar thorns at
<quantity id="7E58EFA7FFFE173798B2F80F0142F85B" box="[464,562,1993,2019]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.95" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="295.0">295 mm</quantity>
TL, and is probably a juvenile of
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFFE17379AA6F80F0718F85A" box="[964,1128,1993,2018]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName id="7EA039C1FFFE17379AA6F80F0714F85A" box="[964,1124,1993,2018]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Sinobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borneensis">S. borneensis</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Another larger male
<collectingCountry id="C1B702D2FFFE17309C01F80F0390FF0A" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="37" name="Philippines" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Philippine</collectingCountry>
anacanthobatid (CSIRO H 4125–01) had undeveloped claspers at
<quantity id="7E58EFA7FFF917309A90FF5E0724FF0A" box="[1010,1108,152,178]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.82" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="382.0">382 mm</quantity>
TL. It is referable to
<taxonomicName id="7EA039C1FFF917309C31FF5E02C8FF62" authority="Chan" authorityName="Chan" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Springeria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanosoma">
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFF917309C31FF5E0201FF61" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">Springeria melanosoma</emphasis>
Chan
</taxonomicName>
from the South
<collectingCountry id="C1B702D2FFF917309B19FF0601B1FF62" box="[635,705,192,218]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">China</collectingCountry>
Sea based on its dark dorsal and ventral coloration and black areas around the spiracles and orbits, body shape, and relatively well-developed caudal fin. Four large
<taxonomicName id="7EA039C1FFF917309C2DFF2E03B2FE91" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Sinobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFF917309C2DFF2E03B2FE91" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">Sinobatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<quantity id="7E58EFA7FFF9173099B2FED6021DFE92" box="[208,365,272,298]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.245" metricValueMax="5.9399999999999995" metricValueMin="4.55" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="524.5" valueMax="594.0" valueMin="455.0">455–594 mm</quantity>
TL, males still immature at
<quantity id="7E58EFA7FFF917309BD5FED60067FE92" box="[695,791,272,298]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.279999999999999" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="528.0">528 mm</quantity>
TL) collected from the Okinawa Trough and identified by
<bibRefCitation id="DD313FB3FFF9173099DEFEFE021FFEEA" author="Ishihara" box="[188,367,312,338]" pageId="4" pageNumber="58" refString="Ishihara, H. (1984) Second record of the rare skate Anacanthobatis borneensis from the East China Sea. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology, 30 (4), 448 - 451." type="journal article" year="1984">Ishihara (1984)</bibRefCitation>
as
<taxonomicName id="7EA039C1FFF9173098F4FEFE0143FEE9" box="[406,563,312,337]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Sinobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borneensis">
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFF9173098F4FEFE0143FEE9" box="[406,563,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">S. borneensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are clearly too large for that species. Figures of a large adult male (MTUF
<quantity id="7E58EFA7FFF9173099F5FEA6023FFEC2" box="[151,335,352,378]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5001550999999997" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="2.5001551E7">25001, 551 mm</quantity>
TL), and a larger female (MTUF
<quantity id="7E58EFA7FFF917309BB8FEA600E3FEC2" box="[730,915,352,378]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5004594" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="2.5004594E7">25004, 594 mm</quantity>
TL), are closer to
<taxonomicName id="7EA039C1FFF917309D09FEA6066CFEC1" box="[1131,1308,352,377]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Springeria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanosoma">
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFF917309D09FEA6066CFEC1" box="[1131,1308,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">S. melanosoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Ishihara’s paper does not provide an expanded image of the adult claspers but these appear to be of the
<taxonomicName id="7EA039C1FFF917309D96FE4E0611FE19" box="[1268,1377,392,417]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Sinobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFF917309D96FE4E0611FE19" box="[1268,1377,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">Sinobatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="661BFCE0FFF917309C0BFE4E06ECFE1A" box="[1385,1436,392,418]" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">type</typeStatus>
with the spike and sentinel forming an angle of about 180° to each other when the clasper glans is everted. Further work is needed to resolve the alpha taxonomy of western North Pacific anacanthobatids.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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