treatments-xml/data/31/09/F3/3109F354FFF7173A99F5F9B301DBFF44.xml

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<mods:title id="74B5378FDC5EF5D0D2FBCE536C0F8831">Three new legskates of the genus Sinobatis (Rajoidei: Anacanthobatidae) from the Indo – West Pacific</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6281A057E7C012D6DD7F64F50B4CA95B">Last, Peter R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6DAA76E5FCC25AD09F2473DEBAFE412D">Séret, Bernard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="473EE7E92251C336D3A8A6C009D9025B">2008</mods:date>
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<treatment id="3109F354FFF7173A99F5F9B301DBFF44" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5672366" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119351779" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5672366" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3109F354FFF7173A99F5F9B301DBFF44" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3109F354FFF7173A99F5F9B301DBFF44" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">
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<paragraph id="B91F4242FFF7173E99F5F9B3017DF937" blockId="10.[151,525,1653,1714]" box="[151,525,1653,1679]" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">
<heading id="E257F52EFFF7173E99F5F9B3017DF937" bold="true" box="[151,525,1653,1679]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" reason="1">
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFF7173E99F5F9B3017DF937" bold="true" box="[151,525,1653,1679]" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="7EA039C1FFF7173E99F5F9B30206F937" ID-CoL="4XKLT" box="[151,374,1653,1679]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Sinobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caerulea" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFF7173E99F5F9B30206F937" bold="true" box="[151,374,1653,1679]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">Sinobatis caerulea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="90E7232BFFF7173E981CF9B3017DF937" box="[382,525,1653,1679]" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B91F4242FFF7173E99F5F95E02CAF90A" blockId="10.[151,525,1653,1714]" box="[151,442,1688,1714]" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">
<figureCitation id="219B5EC7FFF7173E99F5F95E038FF90A" box="[151,255,1688,1714]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 6" captionStart-1="FIGURE 7" captionStart-2="FIGURE 8" captionStartId-0="15.[151,255,1963,1987]" captionStartId-1="16.[151,255,1043,1067]" captionStartId-2="17.[151,255,1848,1872]" captionTargetBox-0="[222,1335,183,1914]" captionTargetBox-1="[182,1345,156,1023]" captionTargetBox-2="[291,1257,278,1730]" captionTargetId-0="figure@15.[207,1365,154,1074]" captionTargetId-1="figure@16.[151,1436,123,1055]" captionTargetPageId-0="15" captionTargetPageId-1="16" captionTargetPageId-2="17" captionText-0="FIGURE 6. Sinobatis caerulea sp. nov., holotype, CSIRO H 2550 – 10, 539 mm TL, immature male: A, dorsal surface; B, ventral surface." captionText-1="FIGURE 7. Sinobatis caerulea sp. nov., paratype, CSIRO H 2550 – 01, 684 mm TL, female: dorsal surface." captionText-2="FIGURE 8. Oronasal region and tooth bands of Sinobatis caerulea sp. nov.: A, holotype, CSIRO H 2550 – 10, 539 mm TL, immature male; B, paratype, CSIRO H 2550 – 01, 684 mm TL, female." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/180195/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/180196/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/180197/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">Figs 6–8</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="219B5EC7FFF7173E9869F95E0259F90A" box="[267,297,1688,1714]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="19.[151,255,1911,1935]" captionTargetBox="[228,1327,1280,1833]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[251,1343,1448,1760]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 11. Dorsal view of posterior tail of: A, Sinobatis bulbicauda sp. nov., holotype, CSIRO H 2557 – 01, 429 mm TL, adult male; B, S. caerulea sp. nov., holotype, CSIRO H 2550 – 10, 539 mm TL, immature male; C, S. filicauda sp. nov., holotype, CSIRO H 948 – 02, 548 mm TL, adult male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180200/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">11</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="219B5EC7FFF7173E9854F95E0226F90A" box="[310,342,1688,1714]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="23.[151,255,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[268,1326,809,1834]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[268,1327,809,1835]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 13. Distributional ranges of Australian Sinobatis species: S. bulbicauda sp. nov. (light grey), S. caerulea sp. nov. (dark grey), S. filicauda sp. nov. (black). The type locations are given for each species: S. bulbicauda (black circle), S. caerulea (black star) and S. filicauda (white star)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180202/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">13</figureCitation>
; Table 2
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F1BA11C9FFF7173E99F5F92E023BF887" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" type="description">
<paragraph id="B91F4242FFF7173E99F5F92E023BF887" blockId="10.[151,1436,1768,1855]" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="7EA039C1FFF7173E99F5F92E024FF947" box="[151,319,1768,1791]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Anacanthobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFF7173E99F5F92E024FF947" box="[151,319,1768,1791]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">Anacanthobatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. C: 
<bibRefCitation id="DD313FB3FFF7173E98EEF92E01E9F947" author="Last" box="[396,665,1768,1791]" pageId="10" pageNumber="58" refString="Last, P. R. &amp; Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) Anacanthobatidae, legskates. In: Carpenter, K. E. &amp; Niem, V. H. (Eds.) FA O s p e - cies Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 3. Batoid fishes, chimaeras and bony fishes part 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae). FAO, Rome, 1466 pp." type="book" year="1999">Last &amp; Compagno, 1999</bibRefCitation>
, 
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFF7173E9BC6F92E00AFF947" box="[676,991,1768,1791]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="7EA039C1FFF7173E9BC6F92E001AF947" box="[676,874,1768,1791]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Anacanthobatidae</taxonomicName>
, leg skates
</emphasis>
. In: Carpenter &amp; Niem (eds), 1999, FAO species identification guide for fisheries purposes. The marine living resources of the Western Central Pacific, pp 1464, listed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F1BA11C9FFF7173899F5F8B602A1FEEA" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="B91F4242FFF7173E99F5F8B60046F80A" blockId="10.[151,1436,1904,1970]" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">
<bibRef id="6000D6B4FFF7173E99F5F8B60046F80A" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" type="journal article">
<title id="CBA4A974FFF7173E99F5F8B601C9F832" box="[151,697,1904,1930]" jopScore="1.1123796" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" type="_" typeScore="17">
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFF7173E99F5F8B60273F831" box="[151,259,1904,1929]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">
<typeStatus id="661BFCE0FFF7173E99F5F8B60273F831" box="[151,259,1904,1929]" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
. 
<collectionCode id="DFB1DA87FFF7173E9870F8B60218F832" box="[274,360,1904,1930]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0k2v-y6wz" name="Australian National Fish Collection" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">CSIRO</collectionCode>
H 2550–10, immature male
</title>
, 
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<part id="CD04E8DFFFF7173E9BA7F8B60181F832" box="[709,753,1904,1930]" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" type="volume">539</part>
mm
</quantity>
TL (
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DW), 
<quantity id="7E58EFA7FFF7173E9D78F8B607CAF832" box="[1050,1210,1904,1930]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.129" metricValueMax="1.158" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="1129.0" valueMax="1158.0" valueMin="1100.0">
<pagination id="8069BCB6FFF7173E9D78F8B607ECF832" box="[1050,1180,1904,1930]" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" type="pagination">1100–1158</pagination>
<author id="611DAAA7FFF7173E9DC1F8B607CAF832" box="[1187,1210,1904,1930]" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">m</author>
</quantity>
depth, 
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W of North West Cape, Western 
<collectingCountry id="C1B702D2FFF7173E98EBF85E0284F80A" box="[393,500,1944,1970]" name="Australia" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">Australia</collectingCountry>
(
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, 
<geoCoordinate id="DC942485FFF7173E9B12F85E01AFF80A" box="[624,735,1944,1970]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" precision="925" value="113.666664">113°40'E</geoCoordinate>
)
</journalOrPublisher>
, 
<year id="CD080311FFF7173E9B96F85E0042F80A" box="[756,818,1944,1970]" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">1991</year>
.
</bibRef>
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFF6173F986CFED70247FBFB" bold="true" box="[270,311,273,1091]" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">A B</emphasis>
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFF1173899A5FF5E0235FF09" box="[199,325,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">
<typeStatus id="661BFCE0FFF1173899A5FF5E0232FF09" box="[199,322,152,177]" pageId="12" pageNumber="45" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="AFA689CBFFF11738982FFF5E0293FF0A" box="[333,483,152,178]" pageId="12" pageNumber="45" type="generic">4 specimens</specimenCount>
: 
<collectionCode id="DFB1DA87FFF11738988CFF5E0134FF0A" box="[494,580,152,178]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0k2v-y6wz" name="Australian National Fish Collection" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">CSIRO</collectionCode>
H 2550–01, female, 
<quantity id="7E58EFA7FFF117389A5CFF5E00D0FF0A" box="[830,928,152,178]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.84" pageId="12" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="684.0">684 mm</quantity>
TL (
<quantity id="7E58EFA7FFF117389AB9FF5E074FFF0A" box="[987,1087,152,178]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.279999999999999" pageId="12" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="428.0">428 mm</quantity>
DW), same data as 
<typeStatus id="661BFCE0FFF117389C4FFF5E06E8FF0A" box="[1325,1432,152,178]" pageId="12" pageNumber="45" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
; 
<collectionCode id="DFB1DA87FFF1173899F5FF06039DFF62" box="[151,237,192,218]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0k2v-y6wz" name="Australian National Fish Collection" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">CSIRO</collectionCode>
H 2569–02, male, 
<quantity id="7E58EFA7FFF1173898AFFF06015EFF62" box="[461,558,192,218]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.07" pageId="12" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="407.0">407 mm</quantity>
TL (
<quantity id="7E58EFA7FFF117389B05FF0601BAFF62" box="[615,714,192,218]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="12" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="230.0">230 mm</quantity>
DW), 
<quantity id="7E58EFA7FFF117389A78FF0600C9FF62" box="[794,953,192,218]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1199999999999999" metricValueMax="1.125" metricValueMin="1.115" pageId="12" pageNumber="45" unit="m" value="1120.0" valueMax="1125.0" valueMin="1115.0">1115–1125 m</quantity>
depth, W of Dirk Hartog Island, Western 
<collectingCountry id="C1B702D2FFF1173899F5FF2E0272FEBA" box="[151,258,232,258]" name="Australia" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">Australia</collectingCountry>
(
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, 
<geoCoordinate id="DC942485FFF1173898E1FF2E0280FEBA" box="[387,496,232,258]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="45" precision="925" value="111.5">111°30'E</geoCoordinate>
), 1991; 
<collectionCode id="DFB1DA87FFF117389B36FF2E01DEFEBA" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[596,686,232,258]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">MNHN</collectionCode>
2007–1473, female, 
<quantity id="7E58EFA7FFF117389ACCFF2E0762FEBA" box="[942,1042,232,258]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.32" pageId="12" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="332.0">332 mm</quantity>
TL (
<quantity id="7E58EFA7FFF117389D30FF2E07C7FEBA" box="[1106,1207,232,258]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.98" pageId="12" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="198.0">198 mm</quantity>
DW) and 
<collectionCode id="DFB1DA87FFF117389C58FF2E06F2FEBA" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" box="[1338,1410,232,258]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" name="Western Australian Museum" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">WAM</collectionCode>
P 32864–001, female, 
<quantity id="7E58EFA7FFF1173898F0FED60284FE92" box="[402,500,272,298]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.56" pageId="12" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="356.0">356 mm</quantity>
TL (
<quantity id="7E58EFA7FFF117389B53FED601E5FE92" box="[561,661,272,298]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.01" pageId="12" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="201.0">201 mm</quantity>
DW), 
<quantity id="7E58EFA7FFF117389B85FED6001DFE92" box="[743,877,272,298]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.13" metricValueMax="5.4399999999999995" metricValueMin="4.82" pageId="12" pageNumber="45" unit="m" value="513.0" valueMax="544.0" valueMin="482.0">482–544 m</quantity>
depth, SW of Point Cloates, Western 
<collectingCountry id="C1B702D2FFF117389C52FED606EBFE92" box="[1328,1435,272,298]" name="Australia" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">Australia</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate id="DC942485FFF1173899C2FEFE038FFEEA" box="[160,255,312,338]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="45" precision="925" value="-22.983334">22°59'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="DC942485FFF117389869FEFE020AFEEA" box="[267,378,312,338]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="45" precision="925" value="113.23333">113°14'E</geoCoordinate>
), 1991.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="EDDF12CAFFF6173F99F5F84600F1F802" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180194/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="44" targetBox="[336,1255,358,1752]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="B91F4242FFF6173F99F5F84600F1F802" blockId="11.[151,1436,1920,1978]" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFF6173F99F5F8460269F820" bold="true" box="[151,281,1920,1944]" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
Oronasal region and tooth bands of 
<taxonomicName id="7EA039C1FFF6173F9BFBF846000AF82F" box="[665,890,1920,1943]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Sinobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bulbicauda" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFF6173F9BFBF846000AF82F" box="[665,890,1920,1943]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">Sinobatis bulbicauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFF6173F9AE2F84600A5F820" bold="true" box="[896,981,1920,1944]" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="90E7232BFFF6173F9AE2F84600A5F820" box="[896,981,1920,1944]" pageId="11" pageNumber="44" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
: A, holotype, CSIRO H 2557–01, 429 mm TL, adult male; B, paratype, CSIRO H 3159–07, 560 mm TL, female.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="F1BA11C9FFF1173899A5FE9902D2FD2A" pageId="12" pageNumber="45" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="B91F4242FFF1173899A5FE9902D2FD2A" blockId="12.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFF1173899A5FE990237FEC1" bold="true" box="[199,327,351,377]" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
A species of 
<taxonomicName id="7EA039C1FFF117389884FEA60123FEC1" box="[486,595,352,377]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Sinobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFF117389884FEA60123FEC1" box="[486,595,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">Sinobatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with the following combination of characters: large disc (width at anterior orbit 8.0–9.1 times mouth width); short tail (postcloacal length 35–42% of disc length); relatively small eyes, orbit diameter 
<quantity id="7E58EFA7FFF1173898E6FE760167FE72" box="[388,535,432,458]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3782" metricValueMax="3.9878" metricValueMin="2.7686" pageId="12" pageNumber="45" unit="in" value="13.3" valueMax="15.7" valueMin="10.9">10.9–15.7 in</quantity>
horizontal snout and 
<quantity id="7E58EFA7FFF117389A70FE7600D5FE72" box="[786,933,432,458]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.937" metricValueMax="4.5466" metricValueMin="3.3274" pageId="12" pageNumber="45" unit="in" value="15.5" valueMax="17.9" valueMin="13.1">13.1–17.9 in</quantity>
head lengths respectively; distal portion of tail weakly or slightly expanded, width of tail near tip 1.5–1.6 times tail width at its midlength; pectoral-fin radials 72–76; moderate-sized pelvic fins, anterior lobe 15.4–16.0% TL; anterior pelvic-fin lobe rather broadbased, width 
<quantity id="7E58EFA7FFF117389850FDEE02D9FDFA" box="[306,425,552,578]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.953" metricValueMax="5.588" metricValueMin="4.318" pageId="12" pageNumber="45" unit="in" value="1.95" valueMax="2.2" valueMin="1.7">1.7–2.2 in</quantity>
distance between pelvic-fin origins; caudal fin rudimentary; 24–30 tooth rows in each jaw of adults; monospondylous vertebral centra 26–29, total centra 184–212; dorsal and ventral surfaces bluish in fresh specimens.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F1BA11C9FFF1173999A5FD59019EFC8A" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="12" pageNumber="45" type="description">
<paragraph id="B91F4242FFF1173999A5FD5902BEFEEA" blockId="12.[151,1437,152,2018]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1437,152,1658]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFF1173899A5FD59022FFD01" bold="true" box="[199,351,671,697]" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">Description.</emphasis>
Medium-sized anacanthobatid with extremely depressed pear-shaped disc (extremely variable between growth stages and between sexes), its width 
<quantity id="7E58EFA7FFF117389A3AFD0E00DDFD5A" box="[856,941,712,738]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7686" pageId="12" pageNumber="45" unit="in" value="1.09">1.09 in</quantity>
<typeStatus id="661BFCE0FFF117389AD4FD0E076DFD5A" box="[950,1053,712,738]" pageId="12" pageNumber="45" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<quantity id="7E58EFA7FFF117389D4DFD0E07F5FD5A" box="[1071,1157,712,738]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9463999999999997" pageId="12" pageNumber="45" unit="in" value="1.16">1.16 in</quantity>
male 
<typeStatus id="661BFCE0FFF117389DB0FD0E064AFD5A" box="[1234,1338,712,738]" pageId="12" pageNumber="45" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
, 
<quantity id="7E58EFA7FFF117389C2AFD0E06ECFD5A" box="[1352,1436,712,738]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8448" pageId="12" pageNumber="45" unit="in" value="1.12">1.12 in</quantity>
largest female 
<typeStatus id="661BFCE0FFF117389827FD3602DCFCB2" box="[325,428,752,778]" pageId="12" pageNumber="45" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
) in length from base of rostral filament; axis of maximum width at 58% (57%, 62%) of disc length, outer and inner corners broadly rounded. Tail short, very slender, slightly depressed anteriorly; midlength almost square in cross-section; laterally expanded slightly posteriorly, not spatulate (much less expanded in 
<typeStatus id="661BFCE0FFF11738984DFCAE02D5FC3A" box="[303,421,872,898]" pageId="12" pageNumber="45" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
); tapering just before caudal fin, filamentous near tip; length much shorter than trunk length, cloaca to tip of tail 1.55 (1.38, 1.90) in snout-cloaca length (from base of rostral filament), 1.57 (1.35, 1.81) in disc width, 1.71 (1.57, 2.03) in disc length; with weak lateral cutaneous folds. Head relatively long, dorsal length 32.6% (32.6%, 34.9%) TL, ventral length 38.3% (38.0%, 41.8%) TL. Snout relatively long, its preorbital length 6.74 (6.53, 5.73) times longer than interorbit, 26.7% (28.1%, 30.7%) TL; angle forward of spiracles acute, 80° (78–79°); snout tip with a broad, elongate, narrowly triangular rostral lobe; short filament at apex of rostral lobe. Orbits very small, horizontal diameter 10.9 (11.3, 15.7) in preorbital snout length, 1.62 (1.72, 2.75) in interorbit. Spiracles small, about half length of orbits, subcircular; combined orbit and spiracle length 3.7% (3.5%, 3.2%) TL. Mouth weakly convex in 
<typeStatus id="661BFCE0FFF117389A20FB6E00D8FB7A" box="[834,936,1192,1218]" pageId="12" pageNumber="45" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFF117389AD0FB6100CCFB79" bold="true" box="[946,956,1191,1217]" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">(</emphasis>
straight to weakly convex in 
<typeStatus id="661BFCE0FFF117389C78FB6E06FFFB7A" box="[1306,1423,1192,1218]" pageId="12" pageNumber="45" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
), upper jaw slightly concave at symphysis (less so in 
<typeStatus id="661BFCE0FFF117389B9AFB16001EFB52" box="[760,878,1232,1258]" pageId="12" pageNumber="45" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
); width 5.52 (5.54, 6.52) in preoral length, 7.46 (7.20, 8.43) in ventral head lengths; teeth with an irregular oval base, rhomboidal crown with rudimentary posterior cusp, cusp often barely detectable; no information for adult males. Anterior nasal lobes very small, strongly fringed, confined to anterior lateral margins of nostril; oronasal grooves well developed. Posterior nasal lobes enlarged, weakly connected basally by low, fleshy, concave skin folds; not united medially, not forming a well-defined nasal curtain; lobe with prominent, simple or complex, dermal fringe along posterior margin; almost overlapping corners of mouth. Rostral cartilage prominent, flexible, moderately well undulated (more so distally). Upper and lower surfaces of disc and tail entirely naked in females. Mucous pores on dorsal surface distinct (dark edged), well developed around orbit, on mid-line and around margin of disc; 3–4 (2–4) pores lateral to eye and spiracle; 2 (0–2) pores medial to spiracle, and a single postcranial pore on each side of midline; a few minute tubelike papillae on dorsal surface, barely detectable without magnification; skin thin on dorsal surface, somewhat deciduous, less deciduous ventrally. Anterior margin of disc weakly double concave, strongly concave at base of rostral lobe; interspiracular distance 6.56 (7.66, 6.91) in width at anterior margin of orbit, 5.24 (5.64, 5.33) in dorsal head length, 2.55 (2.32, 3.36) times orbit diameter; posterior half of disc appearing semicircular, posterior pectoral-fin margins almost uniformly rounded, pectoral axils fused to anterior lateral margin of posterior pelvic-fin. Anterior lobes of pelvic fins relatively broad, depressed, freely articulating at base, leg-like, well separated from posterior lobes; posterior lobes narrowly suboval posteriorly, length 1.18 (1.21, 1.17) of anterior lobe length, their posterior margins fused to ventrolateral margin of tail just forward of their distal tip; anterior portion of posterior lobe fused to disc. Clasper of adult male unknown. Caudal fin low, elongate, epichordal lobe longer (only slightly shorter than mouth width), taller than hypochordal lobe. No dorsal fins. Tooth rows in upper jaw 25 (24–29); in lower jaw 25 (27– 30). Vertebrae: monospondylous centra 29 (26–29), diplospondylous centra 183 (155–173), total centra 212 (184–199). Pectoral fin: propterygial radials: 24–25 (23–26), mesopterygial radials 20–21 (19–21), metapterygial radials 30 (30–31), total radials 75 (72–76). Pelvic fin: in males 4 (4) + 12–13 (12–13) radials; females 4 + 14–15 radials.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B91F4242FFF0173999A5FE99073DFD5A" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,1658]" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFF0173999A5FE990253FEC1" bold="true" box="[199,291,351,377]" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">Colour.</emphasis>
Fresh coloration. Upper surface of disc bluish (deeper blue in smaller 
<typeStatus id="661BFCE0FFF017399D08FEA607AFFEC2" box="[1130,1247,352,378]" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
); posterior margin darker than anterior margin; rostral lobe often contrasted with rest of disc, white with blackish distal filament (more uniformly blue in 
<typeStatus id="661BFCE0FFF017399895FE76011DFE72" box="[503,621,432,458]" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
); tail probably similar to disc when undamaged, mostly white in 
<typeStatus id="661BFCE0FFF017399C3CFE7606ECFE72" box="[1374,1436,432,458]" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">types</typeStatus>
where skin has been abraded; white scars all over disc and white patches where skin has been abraded; ocular membrane and spiracle bluish black, eyeball barely visible beneath skin dorsally; sensory pores, including those on mid and posterior disc, dark edged. Ventral surface bluish, similar to dorsal surface (slightly darker than dorsal surface in 
<typeStatus id="661BFCE0FFF0173998FDFD960165FDD2" box="[415,533,592,618]" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
); strongly demarcated white area around mouth in all 
<typeStatus id="661BFCE0FFF017399DF9FD9607ADFDD2" box="[1179,1245,592,618]" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">types</typeStatus>
; cloaca whitish; 
<typeStatus id="661BFCE0FFF0173999F5FDBE038EFD2A" box="[151,254,632,658]" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
with whitish rostral lobe and posterior margin of posterior pelvic-fin lobe (more uniformly dark in 
<typeStatus id="661BFCE0FFF0173999F5FD66027DFD02" box="[151,269,672,698]" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
); immature male 
<typeStatus id="661BFCE0FFF017399887FD66013AFD02" box="[485,586,672,698]" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
(CSIRO H 2550–10) with black lateral margin on clasper. Preserved specimens faded, bluish areas become greyish; white areas remaining prominent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B91F4242FFF0173999A5FD29019EFC8A" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,1658]" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFF0173999A5FD290270FCB1" bold="true" box="[199,256,751,777]" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">Size.</emphasis>
To at least 
<quantity id="7E58EFA7FFF0173998E6FD3602BCFCB2" box="[388,460,752,778]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.9" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" unit="cm" value="69.0">69 cm</quantity>
TL (disc width 
<quantity id="7E58EFA7FFF017399BE4FD3601A2FCB2" box="[646,722,752,778]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" unit="cm" value="43.0">43 cm</quantity>
); largest immature male 
<quantity id="7E58EFA7FFF017399A93FD360749FCB2" box="[1009,1081,752,778]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" unit="cm" value="54.0">54 cm</quantity>
TL (disc width 
<quantity id="7E58EFA7FFF017399D91FD36064EFCB2" box="[1267,1342,752,778]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" unit="cm" value="33.0">33 cm</quantity>
); smallest neonatal juvenile 
<quantity id="7E58EFA7FFF0173998EDFCDE02A7FC8A" box="[399,471,792,818]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" unit="cm" value="33.0">33 cm</quantity>
TL (disc width 
<quantity id="7E58EFA7FFF017399BF6FCDE0191FC8A" box="[660,737,792,818]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" unit="cm" value="20.0">20 cm</quantity>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F1BA11C9FFF0173999A5FCF906F0FC3A" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="B91F4242FFF0173999A5FCF906F0FC3A" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,1658]" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFF0173999A5FCF90217FCE1" bold="true" box="[199,359,831,857]" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">Distribution.</emphasis>
Upper to mid continental slope of Western 
<collectingCountry id="C1B702D2FFF017399AF2FC86008BFCE2" box="[912,1019,832,858]" name="Australia" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">Australia</collectingCountry>
from west of Dirk Hartog Island (
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, 
<geoCoordinate id="DC942485FFF017399869FCAE0206FC3A" box="[267,374,872,898]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" precision="925" value="111.5">111°30'E</geoCoordinate>
) northwards to west of North West Cape (
<geoCoordinate id="DC942485FFF017399A04FCAE00B5FC3A" box="[870,965,872,898]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" precision="925" value="-21.85">21°51'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="DC942485FFF017399AB3FCAE074FFC3A" box="[977,1087,872,898]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" precision="925" value="113.683334">113°41'E</geoCoordinate>
), in depths of 
<quantity id="7E58EFA7FFF017399D84FCAE060CFC3A" box="[1254,1404,872,898]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.25" metricValueMax="11.68" metricValueMin="4.82" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="825.0" valueMax="1168.0" valueMin="482.0">482–1168 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F1BA11C9FFF0173999A5FC4901E1FC6A" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="B91F4242FFF0173999A5FC4901E1FC6A" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,1658]" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFF0173999A5FC490223FC11" bold="true" box="[199,339,911,937]" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">Etymology.</emphasis>
Derived from the Latin 
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFF017399BE0FC560184FC11" box="[642,756,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">caeruleus</emphasis>
with reference to its blue dorsal and ventral coloration. Known in the vernacular as Blue Legskate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F1BA11C9FFF0173A99A5FC1901DBFF44" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="B91F4242FFF0173999A5FC190064F9C2" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,1658]" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFF0173999A5FC190230FC41" bold="true" box="[199,320,991,1017]" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">Remarks.</emphasis>
This species is provisionally placed in the genus 
<taxonomicName id="7EA039C1FFF017399AEAFC260085FC41" box="[904,1013,992,1017]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Sinobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFF017399AEAFC260085FC41" box="[904,1013,992,1017]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">Sinobatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the absence of adult males being available for examination. 
<taxonomicName id="7EA039C1FFF0173998B5FBCE01C4FB99" box="[471,692,1032,1057]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Sinobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caerulea">
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFF0173998B5FBCE01C4FB99" box="[471,692,1032,1057]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">Sinobatis caerulea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
co-occurs with a smaller legskate, 
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFF017399D3FFBCE0678FB99" box="[1117,1288,1032,1057]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">
<taxonomicName id="7EA039C1FFF017399D3FFBCE0674FB99" box="[1117,1284,1032,1057]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Sinobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bulbicauda">S. bulbicauda</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
off Western 
<collectingCountry id="C1B702D2FFF0173999F5FBF60277FBF2" box="[151,263,1072,1098]" name="Australia" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">Australia</collectingCountry>
. It differs from 
<taxonomicName id="7EA039C1FFF0173998A0FBF60115FBF1" box="[450,613,1072,1097]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Sinobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bulbicauda">
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFF0173998A0FBF60115FBF1" box="[450,613,1072,1097]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">S. bulbicauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(in specimens exceeding 
<quantity id="7E58EFA7FFF017399AFAFBF6008BFBF2" box="[920,1019,1072,1098]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="400.0">400 mm</quantity>
TL) in coloration (dark blue on all surfaces vs. pale greyish pink dorsally and white ventrally), in having a longer disc (length 65.9–69.9% vs. 59.7–65.3% TL) with a broader width at the orbit (width across anterior margin of orbit 40.8–44.3% vs. 30.3– 32.4% TL in males, 45.3% vs. 41.0–42.2% TL in females), longer snout (horizontal preorbit 26.7–30.7% vs. 19.2–25.2% TL, preoral length 28.3–32.3% vs. 21.4–27.4% TL), larger head (dorsal length 32.6–34.9% vs. 25.6–30.8% TL, ventral length 38.0–41.8% vs. 33.3–36.1% TL), smaller orbit (horizontal diameter 2.0–2.5% vs. 2.9–3.3% TL), narrower interspiracular width (5.8–6.6% vs. 6.5–7.6% TL), narrower internarial width (4.7–4.9% vs. 5.2–6.1% TL) and nasal curtain (width 5.5–6.0% vs. 6.8–7.4% TL), and lacks a well-developed, flattened filament near the tail tip. 
<taxonomicName id="7EA039C1FFF017399B11FAB6003DFA31" box="[627,845,1392,1417]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Sinobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caerulea">
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFF017399B11FAB6003DFA31" box="[627,845,1392,1417]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">Sinobatis caerulea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the largest of the western Pacific legskates. The largest female (
<quantity id="7E58EFA7FFF017399828FA5E02DDFA0A" box="[330,429,1432,1458]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.84" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="684.0">684 mm</quantity>
TL, 
<quantity id="7E58EFA7FFF017399884FA5E0137FA0A" box="[486,583,1432,1458]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.279999999999999" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="428.0">428 mm</quantity>
DW) is bigger than the large female of 
<taxonomicName id="7EA039C1FFF017399D7AFA5E067BFA09" box="[1048,1291,1432,1457]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Sinobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borneensis">
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFF017399D7AFA5E067BFA09" box="[1048,1291,1432,1457]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">Sinobatis borneensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(probably = 
<taxonomicName id="7EA039C1FFF0173999F5FA060239FA61" box="[151,329,1472,1497]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Springeria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanosoma">
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFF0173999F5FA060239FA61" box="[151,329,1472,1497]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">S. melanosoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) figured by Ishihara (1984) and discussed above (
<quantity id="7E58EFA7FFF017399AFFFA060771FA62" box="[925,1025,1472,1498]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.9399999999999995" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="594.0">594 mm</quantity>
TL, 
<quantity id="7E58EFA7FFF017399D5FFA0607D0FA62" box="[1085,1184,1472,1498]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.77" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="377.0">377 mm</quantity>
DW). 
<taxonomicName id="7EA039C1FFF017399D90FA060271F9B9" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Sinobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanosoma">
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFF017399D90FA060271F9B9" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">Sinobatis melanosoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<taxonomicName id="7EA039C1FFF0173998C8FA2E0144F9B9" box="[426,564,1512,1537]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Sinobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caerulea">
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFF0173998C8FA2E0144F9B9" box="[426,564,1512,1537]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">S. caerulea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having a dark brownish disc (rather than bluish), noticeably darker orbito-spiracular region, more slender anterior pelvic-fin lobe, more obtuse snout, and a much shorter direct preorbital snout length (20.9% vs. 28.1% TL in similar-sized immature males, respectively CSIRO H 4125– 0 
<quantity id="7E58EFA7FFF0173999C8F9A60254F9C2" box="[170,292,1632,1658]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.382" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="1382.0">1, 382 mm</quantity>
TL and CSIRO H 2569–02, 
<quantity id="7E58EFA7FFF017399B15F9A601A8F9C2" box="[631,728,1632,1658]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.07" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="407.0">407 mm</quantity>
TL).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B91F4242FFF3173A99F5FF5101DBFF44" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,252]" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFF3173A99F5FF510274FF17" bold="true" box="[151,260,151,175]" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">TABLE 2</emphasis>
Morphometric data for the mature male 
<typeStatus id="661BFCE0FFF3173A9BA4FF5E0053FF17" box="[710,803,152,175]" pageId="14" pageNumber="47" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="7EA039C1FFF3173A9A2EFF5E0765FF17" box="[844,1045,152,175]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Sinobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caerulea" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="8BD49E50FFF3173A9A2EFF5E0765FF17" box="[844,1045,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">Sinobatis caerulea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="90E7232BFFF3173A9D7CFF5E0703FF17" box="[1054,1139,152,175]" pageId="14" pageNumber="47" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(CSIRO H 2550–10), with ranges for single male (CSIRO H 2569–02) and female (CSIRO H 2550–01) 
<typeStatus id="661BFCE0FFF3173A9AACFF7B0748FF6C" box="[974,1080,189,212]" pageId="14" pageNumber="47" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
. Total lengths (TL) are expressed in mm, other measurements as percentages of TL.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>