treatments-xml/data/7E/FD/4F/7EFD4F55AF3D5ED0A5244B0DB4D8E2E6.xml

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<mods:title id="1643C5D45C3844E9D86BEF2F84408ABB">The genus Vipio Latreille (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) in the Neotropical Region</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B8BD2C91C1ACF575F7615B8224F18028">Quicke, Donald L. J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="8D6C1E2FD065A1882B22411327CEAF19">Integrative Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, BKK 10330, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="97463D311CFAAD7AA04B8AA186C0A573">Shaw, Scott R.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="99C0F4F82F4BA4EA22C628E9235A69D7">Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071 - 3354, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="31FA9F0639165E303668D7A8546F9341">Inayatullah, Mian</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="3925363D3F259B2651577192F2B4A7C4">Department of Entomology, Faculty of Crop Protection Sciences, NWFP Agricultural University, Peshawer, Pakistan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="35F41A520B17FE1B264971338CCC095E">Butcher, Buntika A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="F33DF3864582005EEF6130D1A1CE24D9">Integrative Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, BKK 10330, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="7EFD4F55AF3D5ED0A5244B0DB4D8E2E6" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163540008" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7EFD4F55AF3D5ED0A5244B0DB4D8E2E6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7EFD4F55AF3D5ED0A5244B0DB4D8E2E6" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" scope_family="Braconidae" scope_order="Hymenoptera">
<subSubSection id="9791C716E1E9C1E95A88304C2565D7D1" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="4F7AB624B53FC5AE215F958AC183238A" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName id="D6C88E8CBA0B1D7A0C79979874A98E8D" ID-CoL="7FTKN" LSID="7EFD4F55-AF3D-5ED0-A524-4B0DB4D8E2E6" authority="(Brethes, 1913)" baseAuthorityName="Brethes" baseAuthorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Vipio" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Vipio strigator" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigator">
Vipio strigator (
<normalizedToken id="6F0BD9AD4ED5B81FA9D0F00A99C52521" originalValue="Bréthes">Brethes</normalizedToken>
, 1913)
</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation id="425E14351784679ED91F4E1D1C003029" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Montaged light micrographs of Vipio strigator. A Habitus lateral view B face C head and anterior mesosoma, lateral view D head, dorsal view E mesoscutum and scutellum, dorsal view F propodeum G wings." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.925.48457.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/398087" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Figures 23</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="CA7BACCCB59C383FEE1E808119814290" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Montaged light micrographs of Vipio strigator. A Metasomal tergite I, dorsal view B holotype, metasomal tergites II-V C metasoma lateral view D male habitus, lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.925.48457.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/398088" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">, 24</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="058DD2E90527384F70338EF94846EE11" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="71D4470050BECFF7458692C1B52B36AA" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName id="09C2D89573AAF03F499BE38703E27A67" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Iphiaulax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Iphiaulax strigator" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigator">Iphiaulax strigator</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="DB4146D6F7E7FE0A2BB0AA85DAF71AF8" originalValue="Bréthes">Brethes</normalizedToken>
, 1913: 79; Shenefelt, 1978: 1797; 
<taxonomicName id="9BA995CBC99E6E1639C7F6DDF14A0CC7" baseAuthorityName="Brethes" baseAuthorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Vipio" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Vipio strigator" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigator">Vipio strigator</taxonomicName>
: Quicke &amp; Genise, 1994: 44.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0C0544916CC5649AC53B6AA571B9FFD6" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="type material">
<paragraph id="9278A6589F80087698802030CF7F55A7" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8F03E5FD6788C2808C569B8F507B8D4F" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
Holotype, ♀, 
<taxonomicName id="FFE3A59A76181D4CFD813B45CCBACA4B" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Iphiaulax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Iphiaulax strigator" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigator">
<emphasis id="4A643836D76858788762C889E61C8C3E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Iphiaulax strigator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="79E4B386DBF41E2649335CC3D16DFE1F" originalValue="Bréthes">Brethes</normalizedToken>
, 1913, 
<emphasis id="9B16B6B3844C3C4E10A67E650E0138A2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Argentina</emphasis>
: 
<normalizedToken id="B0007A6F31A5AB1291D9A1DF2E066BFD" originalValue="“Potrerillo”">&quot;Potrerillo&quot;</normalizedToken>
, Mendoza, (no date) 4000' (IFML).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3334497AA02B577805602316880A3B6" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="5193252B6E8FFC71A8950F8410DC342D" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Additional material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6A3100ECAD2567F3E42E0D3BA28FA20E" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="9B46CC93963F4B935256A53F700BB6D2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Argentina</emphasis>
: 1 ♀, Misiones Panamb, 24.xi.1954 (
<normalizedToken id="63E633FFBE378E170AF93C5947245262" originalValue="Monro’s">Monro's</normalizedToken>
, Willink); 1 ♀, Misiones San Pedro, 15.xi.1973 (Tomsic, Willink); 1 ♀, Misiones Bernardino de Irigoyen 12.xi.1973 (Tomsic, Willink); 1 ♂, Misiones San Pedro, 16.xi.1973 (Willink, Tomsic); 2 ♀, Misiones Iguazo, 30.i-13.iii.1945 (Hayward, Willink, &amp; Golbach) (IFML). 
<emphasis id="89097E475D978A671404DB68C624AE6D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Brazil</emphasis>
: 5 ♀, 11 ♂, Nova Teutonia, 27°11'S, 52°23'W, 300-500 m, i.1965 (F. Plaumann) (CNCI); 16 ♀, same data, except xi.1966; 12 ♀, xi.1968; 3 ♀, xi.1964; 2 ♀, xii.1966; 2 ♀, same data, except 20.xii.1955, 2.xi.1962. 
<emphasis id="FAB9935FA9B88298DC12AECD0901756E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Paraguay</emphasis>
: 1 ♀, Villarrica, ii.1951 (Pfannl) (IFML). 
<emphasis id="23016C34EA854893FB5DBBCB84092C9F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Peru</emphasis>
: 1 ♀, Valle Chanchamayo, 800 m, 13.viii.1951 (Weyrauch) (IFML).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6E10CF17465F85D4464F1443B4944BB1" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="57E3566E5FC8148BAD8BEAE04D6795D6" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CDAC2986CFA59E8F27AABD702F38D45D" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
Ovipositor less than 0.5 
<normalizedToken id="32B854BBCF06759AC547CE0A37166435" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
body length, predominantly red, head black; face with raised triangular area; propodeum with raised stub-like area and with four or five carinae postero-medially that usually reach the middle of propodeum; claw with strong pointed basal lobe.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="655622A5D27F1B60963D619618BAF4AF" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="description">
<paragraph id="4680705D51700625A487B662DEF4B848" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Description</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F880D33C218889F03A9AC49594EF9E7E" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
(
<emphasis id="693BD44A0EEAAFB403D2C6A227E9113B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Females</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="68ECB3FC0AE2CEB5B3DDE8B09BA526F8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">N</emphasis>
= 51). Length of body 6.0-10.1 mm, of fore wing 6.6-11.1 mm, of ovipositor (part exserted beyond apex of abdomen) 2.4-3.2 mm, and of antenna 6.0-9.5 mm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="87285C859EB21D5D29BB902540867DA3" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="B5AF55B796EC45BA4C79A191F38CCB30" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Head.</emphasis>
Antenna 0.74-0.97 
<normalizedToken id="9D17F3B1CE5A2064C2D1BE438EC63747" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
body length, with 43-50 flagellomeres; first flagellomere 2.5 
<normalizedToken id="A0704D5C2E8C25D5C8E1BE1AD1507839" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than wide, 1.4 
<normalizedToken id="B5E7CA429AD6FE2567CC62BE3D617200" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than second, the latter 2.0 
<normalizedToken id="D392BA0BA3F18400F97AEF7339AF8F71" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than wide; median flagellomeres as quadrate; terminal flagellomere acutely pointed apically; clypeus rugulose, clypeal guard setae typical; face smooth to sparsely punctate, with a raised triangular area above clypeus; remainder of head smooth and shiny; HL 0.76-0.86 
<normalizedToken id="CE9A75F2DECD5C1F95AF10AE0DDA49DD" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
HH; HW/HH 0.69-0.88; FH/FW 0.61-0.69; EH/HH 0.64-0.72; EH/FW 1.0-1.1; EW/EH 0.68-0.7; ITD 1.15-1.3 
<normalizedToken id="1508ADF4E5838D494E07D86AF7F0BCCF" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
TOD; MS 0.36-0.42 
<normalizedToken id="FE5AE773CCF6A8868FD182EFB523404A" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
EH; LMC 0.3 
<normalizedToken id="022A9F2ECBA65E705E4A6AA522657C22" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
HH; third segment of maxillary palpus 4.0 
<normalizedToken id="FC7C13BF00B743E533D218B2AFF56043" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than wide.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5DDAFDE31A90FB9EE8BECF9BB3F6D0E2" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="12B0B3DFFFCF114A1F25727014A415AB" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Mesosoma.</emphasis>
Length of mesosoma 1.54-1.7 
<normalizedToken id="478778FA843CD592BD2D8F7301214F0F" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
height; smooth and shiny; propodeum with a raised postero-medially area with 4-5 longitudinal carinae reaching almost the middle of propodeum.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9ED4D457ACD74C6B2258F9885D457627" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="55E22FD85023A4DA4B4E41D9E3C6551B" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Wings.</emphasis>
Fore wing: length of fore wing1.0-1.1 
<normalizedToken id="DB0437F02C247F104DDBC31637B09018" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
body length; PW/PL 0.25-0.35; PL/LRC 1.0-1.05; length of vein 3RSb 0.84-0.87 
<normalizedToken id="D164EA67BB7E878DE123B3E218CDD2E4" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
combined length of r-rs and 3RSa; length of vein 1M 0.6-0.7 
<normalizedToken id="AB6AF40283E14B3AB75EC4F46F5E2288" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
length of (RS+M)a; vein 3RSa reaching wing margin at distance 0.59-0.62 between apex of pterostigma and wing apex. Hind wing: uniformly setose basally; apex of vein C+SC+R with one or two basal hamules.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7143B37B526B86689E905C05789BC4CD" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="5C2363F8CFD31E59B1EE968568308E2C" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Legs.</emphasis>
Claw with strong pointed basal lobe.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4FDA524606746DCF330E7DBEDB0A89D1" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="BBFE08BC188FE45583F0F83026CAC280" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Metasoma.</emphasis>
First metasomal tergite 1.1-1.15 
<normalizedToken id="6B0EF677DB2A15FC238BB980CE1C2C3B" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than wide, raised median area oval, gradually narrowing posteriorly, pointed anteriorly, carinate rugose, surrounding area with short transverse carinae, dorso-lateral carina lamelliform; T II-V longitudinally striate; T II 2.0-2.25 
<normalizedToken id="26ACE18C29E94913E95B39DA19DE2434" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
wider than long, medio-basal area smooth and shiny, oblique furrows strongly impressed, striate; T III 2.6-2.9 
<normalizedToken id="05E20AAFC12032BDA017E0D412E6E575" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
wider than medially long; baso-lateral areas of T III and IV rugulose; T VI-VIII smooth and shiny; hypopygium short, ending at apex of abdomen; ovipositor 0.3 
<normalizedToken id="B19B8B6F183C23FEEB2C993D6A2D225B" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
body length.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6D96E59704B0A4856E5C457FB06CB03F" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="CA5F80520031E9FBF5A7057890279BBA" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Colour.</emphasis>
Largely red; head, including antenna and palpi, black except basal half of mandible reddish yellow and a yellow or yellowish red stripe surrounding the eye; pronotum reddish black with pronotal furrow red; prosternum, propleuron, basal 0.8 of mesopleuron, middle and lateral lobe of mesonotum laterally, scutellum apically, legs, and ovipositor sheath black. Wings brownish-black.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A7859ECFA81D5D915B33B579DCE489AE" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="3B04DAC5C11A0DA3033C21B4FAE1B65A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Male</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="19ADE6E1E4F76B7A470C73BA147E109A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">N</emphasis>
= 12). As in female, except length of body 4.6-6.5 mm, fore wing as long as body length; antennae 1.0-1.1 
<normalizedToken id="212621208E5FDE15FD378289CDE79D05" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
body length; HL 0.84-0.89 
<normalizedToken id="566FEB764C6B6659C6D2AAE4BED867F9" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
HH; EH/HH 0.71-0.76; EH/FW 1.34-1.4; FH/FW 0.77-0.82; EW/EH 0.71-0.75; ITD 1.6-1.7 
<normalizedToken id="0B99B2E16F62AC63668BAC51EE1E2093" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
TOD; MS 0.21-0.27 
<normalizedToken id="8CA2D2ED350A33E0EBC3A17D598FEE29" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
EH.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BA8B600233863340BD4C56ABF0DBABF6" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="AE680826A6BCFAED2E3DB6DFDDE0C761" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="30B8CDA03A8C3964AE752AEBD496B15C" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName id="DF4069367EC706B540A6F70F5C6778C7" baseAuthorityName="Brethes" baseAuthorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Vipio" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Vipio strigator" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigator">
<emphasis id="0C6B4AA1C39FC46B054AB8137494126E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Vipio strigator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be recognised by the combination of reddish black markings on the mesosoma, the short hypopygium, and the short ovipositor. This species is similar to the Nearctic 
<taxonomicName id="C8F79B8723313B35D072C8CCCED4B2E5" lsidName="V. rugator" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="rugator">
<emphasis id="D9C0E26621B3C0441E14F0292BFD322E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">V. rugator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because of the presence of a raised area on face, short hypopygium, and short ovipositor in both species. However, the red coloration with reddish black markings on the mesosoma and a carinate propodeum in 
<taxonomicName id="C491359B8EB539CA9CEDBAC145825ECD" lsidName="strigator" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="strigator">
<emphasis id="C8ECDC5B6A50660EDD77D587605D53A2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">strigator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
will readily separate it from 
<taxonomicName id="09D2C02A7607DF9B7D8AD866C56A8E40" lsidName="rugator" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="rugator">
<emphasis id="D5FEE2947D952938B9E0018C68016402" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">rugator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(in which the mesosoma lacks black markings and propodeum lacks such carinae).
</paragraph>
<caption id="8A9222B831BC47DE78D9DD02DBE2DBB2" doi="10.3897/zookeys.925.48457.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/398087" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" start="Figure 23" startId="F23">
<paragraph id="B369D573644A29D1B9297D1862017F1F" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="3E8E2E22ABBC85C6771F6774A9F18304" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Figure 23.</emphasis>
Montaged light micrographs of 
<taxonomicName id="0A9A15DC1096542014DB035A72CB62F3" baseAuthorityName="Brethes" baseAuthorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Vipio" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Vipio strigator" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigator">
<emphasis id="01F883D5499D61C8216DAAED12C1C6E7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Vipio strigator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="490D49BF56159719EE50E916CC7E2F53" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">A</emphasis>
Habitus lateral view 
<emphasis id="6BFB7EAD1911BAC7F0EABB3B87DFD27E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">B</emphasis>
face 
<emphasis id="BFEE14E023583CF9CE18C0CA2A3992E3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">C</emphasis>
head and anterior mesosoma, lateral view 
<emphasis id="5783AB19ECBBF2CABEFFC6F0A10504AA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">D</emphasis>
head, dorsal view 
<emphasis id="F33406C705133043AE7E9C6F02568F33" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">E</emphasis>
mesoscutum and scutellum, dorsal view 
<emphasis id="B5A7E38317657B7A019D1FF98CB4E4F7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">F</emphasis>
propodeum 
<emphasis id="C91A48048C77EA6935249C1821EAB576" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">G</emphasis>
wings.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="8CC0D188C9835600ED4595462EA315E1" doi="10.3897/zookeys.925.48457.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/398088" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" start="Figure 24" startId="F24">
<paragraph id="3F32447C1372CA799CE1692C0BA0EDD0" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="E34C8218338CC91EDC47C0EDB03B78F6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Figure 24.</emphasis>
Montaged light micrographs of 
<taxonomicName id="0BC886270BC80BE6DBDE05C9DED42857" baseAuthorityName="Brethes" baseAuthorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Vipio" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Vipio strigator" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigator">
<emphasis id="5282DE03BF521CC812C8771276F9D280" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Vipio strigator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="8ACB7D6539527A9149BF9A1E276DA718" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">A</emphasis>
Metasomal tergite I, dorsal view 
<emphasis id="DD087629DC90C1684BE65FA2CEEF0BA1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">B</emphasis>
holotype, metasomal tergites II-V 
<emphasis id="58E3E2399A8AE2614AFFF3AD5A19A285" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">C</emphasis>
metasoma lateral view 
<emphasis id="E2A57CE08DFAF6148A2F54160A9CB3E8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">D</emphasis>
male habitus, lateral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>