treatments-xml/data/03/8B/1D/038B1D1D6458FF83FCA1ECDBD242FE87.xml

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<mods:title id="BC7C46D2591483795B5C40414DD7AA9C">A Unitary Association-based conodont biozonation of the Smithian-Spathian boundary (Early Triassic) and associated biotic crisis from South China</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="92FDC3B85ED87E36D6F27641108E41FD">Leu, Marc</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="0B19C43E6E910C8D7E06E1F908D19DBC">Paleontological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, Karl-Schmid-Strasse 4, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="3A9B651E0E0ECF77276FF5567DBB9F01">Paleontological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, Karl-Schmid-Strasse 4, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A1C50E75FAE7AD9F1CBEC191B2B21F0A">Vennemann, Torsten</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName id="4C22D7886458FF80FCA1ECDBD3C2FE07" authority="Leu &amp; Bucher &amp; Vennemann &amp; Bagherpour &amp; Ji &amp; Brosse &amp; Goudemand, 2022" authorityName="Leu &amp; Bucher &amp; Vennemann &amp; Bagherpour &amp; Ji &amp; Brosse &amp; Goudemand" authorityYear="2022" box="[813,1011,459,483]" family="Gondolellidae" genus="Urdyella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ozarkodinida" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unicorna" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95670196458FF80FCA1ECDBD3C2FE07" box="[813,1011,459,483]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Urdyella unicorna</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A265CD626458FF80FC75ECDCD403FE07" box="[1017,1074,460,483]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<subSubSection id="C338FF806458FF83FCA1ECFBD242FE87" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9DAC0B6458FF80FCA1ECFBD3D7FDE7" blockId="49.[813,1074,459,515]" box="[813,998,491,515]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<figureCitation id="1319B08E6458FF80FCA1ECFBD381FDE7" box="[813,944,491,515]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="46.[169,200,1717,1737]" captionTargetBox="[152,1438,238,1801]" captionTargetId="figure-11@47.[228,1362,254,1763]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="Fig. 26 Cornudininae from Qiakong, Laren and Shanggang. Magnification is ×80.The scale bar is 400 μm. All elements are considered to be P1 elements if not specifically identified otherwise. A–W Urdyella unicorna n. gen. n. sp.; A LAR225, PIMUZ 39345; B LAR225, PIMUZ 39346;C LAR229, PIMUZ 39347; D LAR227, PIMUZ 39348;E LAR229,PIMUZ 39349; F LAR229,PIMUZ 39350; G LAR225,PIMUZ 39351; H LAR229,PIMUZ 39352; I QIA123, PIMUZ 39353; J LAR227,PIMUZ 39354; K QIA123, PIMUZ 39355; L QIA123, PIMUZ 39356; M LAR227,PIMUZ 39357; N LAR225, PIMUZ 39358; O QIA120, PIMUZ 39359; P LAR225, PIMUZ 39360; Q QIA121, PIMUZ 39361; R LAR232, PIMUZ 39362; S LAR232, PIMUZ 39363; T QIA124,PIMUZ 39364; U LAR232, PIMUZ 39365; V QIA123, PIMUZ 39366; W SHA341, PIMUZ 39367.X-AA Urdyella tridenta n. gen. n. sp.; X LAR227, PIMUZ 39341; Y LAR227, PIMUZ 39342; Z LAR227, PIMUZ 39343; AA LAR227, PIMUZ 39344.AB, AC Discretella? n. sp. D; AB QIA124, PIMUZ 39118; AC QIA123, PIMUZ 39119. AD Neostrachanognathus n. sp. A; LAR232, PIMUZ 39183. AE Urdyella n. sp. A; LAR232, PIMUZ 39340" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13127516" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13127516/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fig. 26A–W</figureCitation>
, AE?
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9DAC0B6458FF80FCA1EF3BD3FEFD87" blockId="49.[813,1436,555,643]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
1970 
<taxonomicName id="4C22D7886458FF80FCE2EF3BD4E1FDA7" authority="Sweet" authorityName="Sweet" box="[878,1232,555,579]" family="Gondolellidae" genus="Neospathodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peculiaris">
<emphasis id="B95670196458FF80FCE2EF3BD4B1FDA7" box="[878,1152,555,579]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Neospathodus peculiaris</emphasis>
Sweet
</taxonomicName>
?; Hasenmüller, p. 62, pl. 2, fig. 10
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9DAC0B6458FF80FCA1EF7BD544FD67" blockId="49.[813,1436,555,643]" box="[813,1397,619,643]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
2005 
<taxonomicName id="4C22D7886458FF80FCEBEF7BD4BAFD67" authority="Ding" authorityName="Ding" authorityYear="1983" box="[871,1163,619,643]" genus="Aduncodina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unicosta">
<emphasis id="B95670196458FF80FCEBEF7BD47CFD67" box="[871,1101,619,643]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Aduncodina unicosta</emphasis>
Ding
</taxonomicName>
; Zhao, pl. 6, nr. 9–10.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9DAC0B6458FF80FCA1EFBBD441FCE7" blockId="49.[813,1437,683,1000]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B95670196458FF80FCA1EFBBD3AFFD27" box="[813,926,683,707]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Etymology</emphasis>
: Named after the unicorn, a mythical creature with a single horn on its forehead, for the huge cusp of theP 
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element of this species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9DAC0B6458FF80FCA1EE1BD538FCC7" blockId="49.[813,1437,683,1000]" box="[813,1289,779,803]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B95670196458FF80FCA1EE1BD3A6FCC7" box="[813,919,779,803]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<typeStatus id="549912A96458FF80FCA1EE1BD3A0FCC7" box="[813,913,779,803]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
specimen illustrated in 
<figureCitation id="1319B08E6458FF80FB29EE1BD534FCC7" box="[1189,1285,779,803]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="46.[169,200,1717,1737]" captionTargetBox="[152,1438,238,1801]" captionTargetId="figure-11@47.[228,1362,254,1763]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="Fig. 26 Cornudininae from Qiakong, Laren and Shanggang. Magnification is ×80.The scale bar is 400 μm. All elements are considered to be P1 elements if not specifically identified otherwise. A–W Urdyella unicorna n. gen. n. sp.; A LAR225, PIMUZ 39345; B LAR225, PIMUZ 39346;C LAR229, PIMUZ 39347; D LAR227, PIMUZ 39348;E LAR229,PIMUZ 39349; F LAR229,PIMUZ 39350; G LAR225,PIMUZ 39351; H LAR229,PIMUZ 39352; I QIA123, PIMUZ 39353; J LAR227,PIMUZ 39354; K QIA123, PIMUZ 39355; L QIA123, PIMUZ 39356; M LAR227,PIMUZ 39357; N LAR225, PIMUZ 39358; O QIA120, PIMUZ 39359; P LAR225, PIMUZ 39360; Q QIA121, PIMUZ 39361; R LAR232, PIMUZ 39362; S LAR232, PIMUZ 39363; T QIA124,PIMUZ 39364; U LAR232, PIMUZ 39365; V QIA123, PIMUZ 39366; W SHA341, PIMUZ 39367.X-AA Urdyella tridenta n. gen. n. sp.; X LAR227, PIMUZ 39341; Y LAR227, PIMUZ 39342; Z LAR227, PIMUZ 39343; AA LAR227, PIMUZ 39344.AB, AC Discretella? n. sp. D; AB QIA124, PIMUZ 39118; AC QIA123, PIMUZ 39119. AD Neostrachanognathus n. sp. A; LAR232, PIMUZ 39183. AE Urdyella n. sp. A; LAR232, PIMUZ 39340" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13127516" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13127516/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fig. 26A</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9DAC0B6458FF80FCA1EE3CD555FCA7" blockId="49.[813,1437,683,1000]" box="[813,1380,811,835]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B95670196458FF80FCA1EE3CD390FCA7" box="[813,929,812,835]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<typeStatus id="549912A96458FF80FCA1EE3CD3ADFCA7" box="[813,924,812,835]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
specimens illustrated in 
<figureCitation id="1319B08E6458FF80FB36EE3BD551FCA7" box="[1210,1376,811,835]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="46.[169,200,1717,1737]" captionTargetBox="[152,1438,238,1801]" captionTargetId="figure-11@47.[228,1362,254,1763]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="Fig. 26 Cornudininae from Qiakong, Laren and Shanggang. Magnification is ×80.The scale bar is 400 μm. All elements are considered to be P1 elements if not specifically identified otherwise. A–W Urdyella unicorna n. gen. n. sp.; A LAR225, PIMUZ 39345; B LAR225, PIMUZ 39346;C LAR229, PIMUZ 39347; D LAR227, PIMUZ 39348;E LAR229,PIMUZ 39349; F LAR229,PIMUZ 39350; G LAR225,PIMUZ 39351; H LAR229,PIMUZ 39352; I QIA123, PIMUZ 39353; J LAR227,PIMUZ 39354; K QIA123, PIMUZ 39355; L QIA123, PIMUZ 39356; M LAR227,PIMUZ 39357; N LAR225, PIMUZ 39358; O QIA120, PIMUZ 39359; P LAR225, PIMUZ 39360; Q QIA121, PIMUZ 39361; R LAR232, PIMUZ 39362; S LAR232, PIMUZ 39363; T QIA124,PIMUZ 39364; U LAR232, PIMUZ 39365; V QIA123, PIMUZ 39366; W SHA341, PIMUZ 39367.X-AA Urdyella tridenta n. gen. n. sp.; X LAR227, PIMUZ 39341; Y LAR227, PIMUZ 39342; Z LAR227, PIMUZ 39343; AA LAR227, PIMUZ 39344.AB, AC Discretella? n. sp. D; AB QIA124, PIMUZ 39118; AC QIA123, PIMUZ 39119. AD Neostrachanognathus n. sp. A; LAR232, PIMUZ 39183. AE Urdyella n. sp. A; LAR232, PIMUZ 39340" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13127516" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13127516/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fig. 26K, Q, W</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9DAC0B6458FF80FCA1EE5CD47CFC67" blockId="49.[813,1437,683,1000]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B95670196458FF80FCA1EE5CD3FEFC87" box="[813,975,843,867]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Type locality:</emphasis>
Laren road cut, Luolou formation, 
<collectingRegion id="49E662E96458FF80FCA1EE7BD3C9FC67" box="[813,1016,875,899]" country="China" name="Guangxi" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Guangxi Province</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F335EC9B6458FF80FB8EEE7BD478FC67" box="[1026,1097,875,899]" name="China" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">China</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9DAC0B6458FF80FCA1EE9CD40EFC0C" blockId="49.[813,1437,683,1000]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B95670196458FF80FCA1EE9CD3ADFC47" box="[813,924,907,931]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Type level</emphasis>
: Luolou Formation, upper 
<taxonomicName id="4C22D7886458FF80FB5DEE9CD504FC47" authorityName="Hyatt &amp; Smith" authorityYear="1905" box="[1233,1333,908,931]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Melagathiceratidae" genus="Owenites" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95670196458FF80FB5DEE9CD504FC47" box="[1233,1333,908,931]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Owenites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to lower 
<taxonomicName id="4C22D7886458FF80FCA1EEBBD39EFC27" authorityName="Mojsisovics" authorityYear="1896" box="[813,943,939,963]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Prionitidae" genus="Anasibirites" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95670196458FF80FCA1EEBBD39EFC27" box="[813,943,939,963]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Anasibirites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
beds, middle Smithian to early late Smithian, Olenekian, Early Triassic
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9DAC0B6458FF80FCA1E91BD460FBC7" blockId="49.[813,1437,1035,1923]" box="[813,1105,1035,1059]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B95670196458FF80FCA1E91BD422FBC7" box="[813,1043,1035,1059]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Number of specimens</emphasis>
.&gt; 40.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B95670196458FF80FCA1E93CD3ACFBA7" box="[813,925,1068,1091]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
P 
<subScript id="17A6AE4E6458FF80FC36E927D3F2FBAC" attach="left" box="[954,963,1079,1096]" fontSize="7" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">1</subScript>
: Short coniform-to-segminiscaphate element with a very long, needle-like, recurved cusp, sometimes one (or two in large specimens) tiny, anterior denticle, and a broadly excavated basal cavity.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9DAC0B6458FF80FCCEE9BCD4A2F9E7" blockId="49.[813,1437,1035,1923]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B95670196458FF80FCCEE9BCD38EFB27" box="[834,959,1196,1219]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Description</emphasis>
. P 
<subScript id="17A6AE4E6458FF80FC6CE9A7D3D8FB2C" attach="left" box="[992,1001,1207,1224]" fontSize="7" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">1</subScript>
: Te cusp is about 3–4 times longer than the basal cavity is broad, is usually slightly recurved, sometimes only reclined, and it makes an angle of about 40°–60° with the baseline of the lower margin in lateral view. Many specimens are coniform and may bear a tiny anterior process, some (usually larger) specimens have a very short anterior process bearing up to two anterior denticles and may be better described as segminiscaphate. Te deep basal cavity is oval to drop-shaped in aboral view. In lateral view, the base of the cusp occupies the anterior half of the basal cup.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9DAC0B6458FF80FCCEEB1BD403F907" blockId="49.[813,1437,1035,1923]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B95670196458FF80FCCEEB1BD396F9C7" box="[834,935,1547,1571]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Remarks.</emphasis>
Specimens of this species were found by Zhao et al., (2007, without illustrations; but 
<specimenCount id="9D2467826458FF80FB5DEB3CD542F9A7" box="[1233,1395,1579,1603]" count="2" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
are illustrated in Zhao’s Ph.D thesis, 2005) in coeval strata of the Chaohu section, 
<collectingRegion id="49E662E96458FF80FBBBEB7BD4D4F967" box="[1079,1253,1643,1667]" country="China" name="Anhui" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Anhui Province</collectingRegion>
but reported as 
<taxonomicName id="4C22D7886458FF80FCA1EB9BD427F947" authorityName="Ding" authorityYear="1983" box="[813,1046,1675,1699]" genus="Aduncodina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unicosta">
<emphasis id="B95670196458FF80FCA1EB9BD427F947" box="[813,1046,1675,1699]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Aduncodina unicosta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a possibly related form that in all our collections from 
<collectingCountry id="F335EC9B6458FF80FB9CEBBBD463F927" box="[1040,1106,1707,1731]" name="China" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">China</collectingCountry>
is otherwise restricted strictly to the Spathian interval.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9DAC0B6458FF83FCCEEBFCD242FE87" blockId="49.[813,1437,1035,1923]" lastBlockId="50.[151,775,235,355]" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B95670196458FF80FCCEEBFCD3F5F8E7" box="[834,964,1772,1795]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Occurrence.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F335EC9B6458FF80FC5DEBFBD43DF8E7" box="[977,1036,1771,1795]" name="India" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">India</collectingCountry>
: Mud, Mikin Formation, maximal horizon 1 (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB3D1FA6458FF80FC20EA1BD44BF8C7" author="Goudemand" box="[940,1146,1803,1827]" firstAuthor="Goudemand" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refId="ref41007" refString="Goudemand, N., (2011). Taxonomy and Biochronology of Early Triassic Conodonts (Ph. D-thesis). University of Zurich, Switzerland" type="book" year="2011">Goudemand, 2011</bibRefCitation>
); Western 
<collectingCountry id="F335EC9B6458FF80FB77EA1BD500F8C7" box="[1275,1329,1803,1827]" name="United States of America" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">USA</collectingCountry>
, 
<emphasis id="B95670196458FF80FACCEA1BD427F8A7" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Parachirognathus-Furnishius</emphasis>
zone, Taynes Formations, 
<collectingRegion id="49E662E96458FF80FAEAEA3BD5ADF8A7" box="[1382,1436,1835,1859]" country="United States of America" name="Utah" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Utah</collectingRegion>
(Hasenmüller, 1970). South 
<collectingCountry id="F335EC9B6458FF80FB0FEA5BD4F9F887" box="[1155,1224,1867,1891]" name="China" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">China</collectingCountry>
: Chaohu section, 
<collectingRegion id="49E662E96458FF80FCA1EA7BD3E9F867" box="[813,984,1899,1923]" country="China" name="Anhui" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Anhui Province</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB3D1FA6458FF80FC6BEA7BD453F867" author="Zhao" box="[999,1122,1899,1923]" firstAuthor="Zhao" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 169" refId="ref48902" refString="Zhao, L. S., (2005). Study on the Lower Triassic conodont sequence and the Induan - Olenekian Boundary in Chaohu, Anhui Province. (Ph. D. thesis, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, pp. 1 - 169)." type="book chapter" year="2005">Zhao, 2005</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB3D1FA6458FF80FBE3EA7BD514F867" author="Zhao" box="[1135,1317,1899,1923]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Zhao" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="24 - 38" refId="ref49075" refString="Zhao, L., Orchard, M. J., Tong, J., Sun, Z., Zuo, J., Zhang, S., &amp; Yun, A. (2007). Lower Triassic conodont sequence in Chaohu, Anhui Province, China and its global correlation. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 252, 24 - 38." type="journal article" year="2007">Zhao et al., 2007</bibRefCitation>
); Pingtang Syncline, uppermost Daye Formation and Luolou Formation, Smithian (this paper). Upper Smithian, Khunamuh Formation, Guryul Ravine, Northern Indian Margin (Leu et al. in prep.), 
<collectingCountry id="F335EC9B645BFF83FEB5EC5BD14FFE87" box="[313,382,331,355]" name="Oman" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Oman</collectingCountry>
(Leu et al. submitted).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>