248 lines
34 KiB
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248 lines
34 KiB
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<document id="F6C14B8874E6FDE4D9E6117078BC4064" ID-DOI="10.2478/if-2017-0019" ID-ISSN="2533-4069" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5385228" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630301147497" checkinUser="diego" docAuthor="Morales, Jorge & Pickford, Martin" docDate="2017" docId="03FB2F7EF408FFDDFF7AFF075F4DFA01" docLanguage="en" docName="19_Morales_new-DOI-1.pdf" docOrigin="Fossil Imprint 73 (3 - 4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/if-2017-0019" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0EC54BF35E227CA4627F894F6BA30634.4:FossilImprint.2016-.journal_article" docStyleId="0EC54BF35E227CA4627F894F6BA30634" docStyleName="FossilImprint.2016-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Leakitherium hiwegi SAVAGE 1965" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="336" masterDocId="FFC25706F40CFFD9FF91FF905A43FFD7" masterDocTitle="New Hyaenodonts (Ferae, Mammalia) From The Early Miocene Of Napak (Uganda), Koru (Kenya) And Grillental (Namibia)" masterLastPageNumber="359" masterPageNumber="332" pageNumber="336" updateTime="1699220586648" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-ND-3.0">
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<mods:title id="3A5A62C65E570440B25C476443A40648">New Hyaenodonts (Ferae, Mammalia) From The Early Miocene Of Napak (Uganda), Koru (Kenya) And Grillental (Namibia)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D5B486CA056B294219DFE5EE2B23E541">Morales, Jorge</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="49369806685DC4DF8092614CA6B07F18">Pickford, Martin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="CFAD1517BCBD10CF830ACA2DAC4BDE92">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="8AA4C286F11E5E30ADE523BB73F87D5B">Fossil Imprint</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="312DB8D82107EE10710CB2F9952A3788">
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<mods:date id="050C3EFAB44D1B995CDF4B8654D72A79">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="EC2DED39F44147007EB40BE8384A10CD" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="BFB37743CA8A811612C4B7EEF414EBC4">2017-12-31</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="AC32283D004B415099C33F11C442CC68">73</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="C06C7CAD3D4570B570829C58AACF73D2" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="274DD5D6CD290C36CC66DBDFDAEE2453">3 - 4</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="5A933790DABD4C34DCED54690B331D63">http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/if-2017-0019</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="7D347BE54D04848B15AC3AFFFD654E47">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="E5675CBCA7FDC162523DE7A691B6BB93" type="DOI">10.2478/if-2017-0019</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="0200B91F5C64E6A8D48D7334D234FB19" type="ISSN">2533-4069</mods:identifier>
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<subSubSection id="C348CDE3F408FFDDFF7AFF075BA3FF07" pageId="4" pageNumber="336" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BED9E68F408FFDDFF7AFF075824FF78" blockId="4.[235,615,151,175]" box="[235,615,151,175]" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">
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<heading id="D0A52904F408FFDDFF7AFF075824FF78" box="[235,615,151,175]" centered="true" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="336" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C52E5EBF408FFDDFF7AFF075824FF78" authority="SAVAGE, 1965" authorityName="SAVAGE" authorityYear="1965" box="[235,615,151,175]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyainailouridae" genus="Leakitherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="336" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hiwegi">
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<emphasis id="B926427AF408FFDDFF7AFF075824FF78" bold="true" box="[235,615,151,175]" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">
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<emphasis id="B926427AF408FFDDFF7AFF075B92FF78" bold="true" box="[235,465,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">Leakitherium hiwegi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC3E399F408FFDDFE46FF085866FF7A" author="Savage, R. J. G." box="[471,549,152,175]" pageId="4" pageNumber="336" pagination="239 - 316" refId="ref17738" refString="Savage, R. J. G. (1965): The Miocene Carnivora of East Africa. Fossil Mammals of Africa: 19. - Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Geology), 10: 239 - 316." type="journal article" year="1965">SAVAGE</bibRefCitation>
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, 1965
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BED9E68F408FFDDFEE3FF295BA3FF07" blockId="4.[370,480,185,208]" box="[370,480,185,208]" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">
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<figureCitation id="136982EDF408FFDDFEE3FF295BA3FF07" box="[370,480,185,208]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="3.[147,228,2048,2070]" captionTargetBox="[154,1460,1071,1978]" captionTargetId="figure-458@3.[805,1464,1028,1657]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Text-fig. 1. Leakitherium hiwegi SAVAGE, 1965 from Rusinga, Kenya. NHMUK M 19083 (holotype), left maxilla with M2 – M1. a: occlusal view, b: lingual view, c: buccal view (stereo pairs)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5385230" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5385230/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">Text-fig. 1</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C348CDE3F408FFDDFF01FF7A5F4DFA01" pageId="4" pageNumber="336" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BED9E68F408FFDDFF01FF7A58AAFED6" blockId="4.[106,745,234,290]" box="[144,745,234,257]" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">H o l o t y p e. Left maxillary fragment with M1 – M2</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BED9E68F408FFDDFFFBFE9B5B95FEF5" blockId="4.[106,745,234,290]" box="[106,470,267,290]" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">
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(NHMUK M 19083) (
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<figureCitation id="136982EDF408FFDDFEC7FE9B5B85FEF5" box="[342,454,267,290]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="3.[147,228,2048,2070]" captionTargetBox="[154,1460,1071,1978]" captionTargetId="figure-458@3.[805,1464,1028,1657]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Text-fig. 1. Leakitherium hiwegi SAVAGE, 1965 from Rusinga, Kenya. NHMUK M 19083 (holotype), left maxilla with M2 – M1. a: occlusal view, b: lingual view, c: buccal view (stereo pairs)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5385230" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5385230/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">Text-fig. 1</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BED9E68F408FFDDFF01FEAC585DFE84" blockId="4.[144,542,316,339]" box="[144,542,316,339]" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">
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T y p e l o c a l i t y. Rusinga,
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<collectingCountry id="F345DEF8F408FFDDFE40FEAC5859FE84" box="[465,538,316,339]" name="Kenya" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BED9E68F408FFDDFF01FEFD5B3CFE53" blockId="4.[144,383,365,388]" box="[144,383,365,388]" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">A g e. Early Miocene.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BED9E68F408FFDDFF01FE0D5831FE63" blockId="4.[144,626,413,436]" box="[144,626,413,436]" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">
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D i a g n o s i s. See
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC3E399F408FFDDFEF4FE0D582DFE63" author="Lewis, M. E. & Morlo, M." box="[357,622,413,436]" pageId="4" pageNumber="336" pagination="543 - 560" refId="ref16242" refString="Lewis, M. E., Morlo, M. (2010): Creodonta. - In: Werdelin, L., Sanders, W. (eds), Cenozoic Mammals of Africa. University of California Press, Berkeley, pp. 543 - 560. https: // doi. org / 10.1525 / california / 9780520257214.003.0026" type="book chapter" year="2010">Lewis and Morlo (2010)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BED9E68F408FFDDFF01FE5E58AAFE32" blockId="4.[106,745,462,518]" box="[144,745,462,485]" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">
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D i s c u s s i o n. As for
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<taxonomicName id="4C52E5EBF408FFDDFE53FE5E58A1FE32" authorityName="SAVAGE" authorityYear="1965" box="[450,738,462,485]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyaenodontidae" genus="Dissopsalis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="336" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pyroclasticus">
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<emphasis id="B926427AF408FFDDFE53FE5E58A1FE32" box="[450,738,462,485]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">Dissopsalis pyroclasticus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BED9E68F408FFDDFFFBFE7F58ABFDFF" blockId="4.[106,745,462,518]" lastBlockId="4.[106,744,529,552]" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC3E399F408FFDDFFFBFE7F5B1AFDD1" author="Borths, M. R. & Holdroyd, P. A. & Seiffert, E. R." box="[106,345,495,518]" pageId="4" pageNumber="336" refId="ref15479" refString="Borths, M. R. Holdroyd, P. A., Seiffert, E. R. (2016): Hyainailourine and Teratodontine cranial material from the late Eocene of Egypt and the application of parsimony and Bayesian methods to the phylogeny and biogeography of Hyaenodonta (Placentalia, Mammalia). - PeerJ, 4: e 2639 (87 pp.). https: // doi. org / 10.7717 / peerj. 2639" type="book" year="2016">Borths et al. (2016</bibRefCitation>
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: supplementary tab. 2) cited the existence of additional unpublished teeth, comprising both
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF2DCEE0F408FFDDFFFDFDFF5B16FD52" box="[108,341,623,645]" pageId="4" pageNumber="336" startId="4.[108,164,623,645]">
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<paragraph id="8BED9E68F408FFDDFFFDFDFF5B16FD52" blockId="4.[108,341,623,645]" box="[108,341,623,645]" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">Table 2. Character list.</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BED9E68F408FFDDFF3BFD3358D1FD6F" blockId="4.[124,734,675,2067]" box="[170,658,675,696]" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">M1/M2 occlusal shape: quadrangular (0), isosceles</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BED9E68F408FFDDFF13FD215ACDFD11" blockId="4.[124,734,675,2067]" box="[130,142,689,710]" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">1</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BED9E68F408FFDDFF3BFD505BBCFD02" blockId="4.[124,734,675,2067]" box="[170,511,704,725]" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">triangle (1), rectangle (2), linear (3)</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BED9E68F408FFDDFF13FD735837FCCC" blockId="4.[124,734,675,2067]" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">2 M1/M2 protocone size: large (0), medium (1), reduced (2) M1/M2 protocone isthmus: wide (0), narrow (1),</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BED9E68F408FFDDFF13FC845ACDFCFE" blockId="4.[124,734,675,2067]" box="[130,142,788,809]" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">3</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BED9E68F408FFDDFF3BFCB35B56FCEF" blockId="4.[124,734,675,2067]" box="[170,277,803,824]" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">reduced (2)</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BED9E68F408FFDDFF3BFCD358C9FC8F" blockId="4.[124,734,675,2067]" box="[170,650,835,856]" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">M2 L/W ratio: <0.85 (0), between 0.86 – 1.15 (1),</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BED9E68F408FFDDFF13FCC15ACDFCB1" blockId="4.[124,734,675,2067]" box="[130,142,849,870]" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">4</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BED9E68F408FFDDFF3BFCF05BB0FCA2" blockId="4.[124,734,675,2067]" box="[170,499,864,885]" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">between 1.16 – 1.35 (2),>1.35 (3)</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BED9E68F408FFDDFF3BFC1058C9FC42" blockId="4.[124,734,675,2067]" box="[170,650,896,917]" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">M1 L/W ratio: <0.85 (0), between 0.86 – 1.15 (1),</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BED9E68F408FFDDFF13FC1E5ACDFC74" blockId="4.[124,734,675,2067]" box="[130,142,910,931]" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">5</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BED9E68F408FFDDFF3BFC0D5BB0FC65" blockId="4.[124,734,675,2067]" box="[170,499,925,946]" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">between 1.16 – 1.35 (2),>1.35 (3)</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BED9E68F408FFDDFF3BFC2D583EFC05" blockId="4.[124,734,675,2067]" box="[170,637,957,978]" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">M1/M2 protocone position: in front of parastyle/</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BED9E68F408FFDDFF13FC5C5ACDFC36" blockId="4.[124,734,675,2067]" box="[130,142,972,993]" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">6</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BED9E68F408FFDDFF3BFC4A5882FC38" blockId="4.[124,734,675,2067]" box="[170,705,986,1007]" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">paracone (0), anterior position to parastyle/paracone (1)</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BED9E68F408FFDDFF3BFC6A5899FBD8" blockId="4.[124,734,675,2067]" box="[170,730,1018,1039]" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">M2 metacone/paracone: partially separated (0), fused with</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BED9E68F408FFDDFF13FB875B4DFB9D" blockId="4.[124,734,675,2067]" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">7 vertical separation groove (1), fused without separation groove (2)</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BED9E68F408FFDDFF3BFBC45899FBBE" blockId="4.[124,734,675,2067]" box="[170,730,1108,1129]" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">M1 metacone/paracone: partially separated (0), fused with</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BED9E68F408FFDDFF13FBE25B4DFB73" blockId="4.[124,734,675,2067]" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">8 vertical separation groove (1), fused without separation groove (2)</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BED9E68F408FFDDFF13FB2258F9FB3D" blockId="4.[124,734,675,2067]" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">9 M2 metastyle: small (0), short (1), long (2), very long (3) M1/M2 paracone/metacone morphology: coniform (0),</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BED9E68F408FFDDFFEDFB735AD7FB2F" blockId="4.[124,734,675,2067]" box="[124,148,1251,1272]" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">10</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BED9E68F408FFDDFF3BFB625B5EFAD0" blockId="4.[124,734,675,2067]" box="[170,285,1266,1287]" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">sectorial (1)</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BED9E68F408FFDDFFEDFA85583DFA9A" blockId="4.[124,734,675,2067]" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">11 M1/M2 parastyle: present (0), reduced or absent (1) M1/M2 buccal cingulum: present (0), reduced or</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BED9E68F408FFDDFFEDFAD65AD7FA8C" blockId="4.[124,734,675,2067]" box="[124,148,1350,1371]" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">12</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BED9E68F408FFDDFF3BFAC55B4AFABD" blockId="4.[124,734,675,2067]" box="[170,265,1365,1386]" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">absent (1)</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BED9E68F408FFDDFFEDFAE858CCFA78" blockId="4.[124,734,675,2067]" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">13 M1/M2 buccal stylar area: present (0), reduced or absent (1) M1/M2 paracone/metacone relative size: paracone</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BED9E68F408FFDDFFEDFA285899FA3D" blockId="4.[124,734,675,2067]" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">14 larger than metacone (0), paracone somewhat larger than metacone (1), metacone larger and taller than paracone (2)</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BED9E68F408FFDDFFEDFA685801F9DD" blockId="4.[124,734,675,2067]" box="[124,578,1525,1549]" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">15 M1/M2 trigon valley: wide (0), narrow (1)</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BED9E68F408FFDDFFEDF98E5BAFF9E7" blockId="4.[124,734,675,2067]" box="[124,492,1563,1587]" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">16 P4 L/W ratio: <1.1 (0),>1.1 (1)</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BED9E68F408FFDDFFEDF9D35BB2F982" blockId="4.[124,734,675,2067]" box="[124,497,1600,1624]" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">17 P3 W/L ratio:>0.55 (0), <0.55 (1)</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BED9E68F408FFDDFFEDF9F95852F9AC" blockId="4.[124,734,675,2067]" box="[124,529,1638,1662]" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4CAA338DF408FFDDFFEDF9F95AFDF9AC" box="[124,190,1638,1662]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="4" pageNumber="336" unit="m" value="18.0">18 m</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
3 metaconid: present (0), absent (1)
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BED9E68F408FFDDFFEDF91F5BB4F976" blockId="4.[124,734,675,2067]" box="[124,503,1676,1700]" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4CAA338DF408FFDDFFEDF91F5AFDF976" box="[124,190,1676,1700]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="4" pageNumber="336" unit="m" value="19.0">19 m</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
3 W/L ratio:>0.60 (0), <0.60 (1)
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BED9E68F408FFDDFFEDF925583EF910" blockId="4.[124,734,675,2067]" box="[124,637,1714,1738]" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4CAA338DF408FFDDFFEDF9255AFEF910" box="[124,189,1714,1738]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="336" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
2 metaconid: present or residual (0), absent (1)
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BED9E68F408FFDDFF3BF94858C6F93A" blockId="4.[124,734,675,2067]" box="[170,645,1752,1773]" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">m2 talonid morphology: basined with hypoconid,</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BED9E68F408FFDDFFEDF9655B23F8F0" blockId="4.[124,734,675,2067]" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">21 hypoconulid and entoconid (0), narrow with hypoconid in central position (1)</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BED9E68F408FFDDFFEDF8A5583AF890" blockId="4.[124,734,675,2067]" box="[124,633,1842,1866]" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4CAA338DF408FFDDFFEDF8A55AFEF890" box="[124,189,1842,1866]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="336" unit="m" value="22.0">22 m</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
2 talonid size: well-developed (0), reduced (1)
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BED9E68F408FFDDFF3BF8C85895F8BA" blockId="4.[124,734,675,2067]" box="[170,726,1880,1901]" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">p4 talonid morphology: basined (0), narrow, hypoconid in</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BED9E68F408FFDDFFEDF8F65AD7F8AC" blockId="4.[124,734,675,2067]" box="[124,148,1894,1915]" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">23</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BED9E68F408FFDDFF3BF8E55B23F85D" blockId="4.[124,734,675,2067]" box="[170,352,1909,1930]" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">central position (1)</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BED9E68F408FFDDFFEDF8085BB3F87D" blockId="4.[124,734,675,2067]" box="[124,496,1941,1965]" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">24 p3 W/L ratio: <0.65 (0),>0.65 (1)</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BED9E68F408FFDDFFEDF82E5BB3F807" blockId="4.[124,734,675,2067]" box="[124,496,1979,2003]" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">25 p4 W/L ratio: <0.57 (0),>0.57 (1)</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BED9E68F408FFDDFF3BF87058CCF822" blockId="4.[124,734,675,2067]" box="[170,655,2016,2037]" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">p2/p3 orientation with respect to axis of mandible:</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BED9E68F408FFDDFFEDF87F5AD7F7D3" blockId="4.[124,734,675,2067]" box="[124,148,2031,2052]" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">26</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BED9E68F408FFDDFF3BF86E5BDBF7C4" blockId="4.[124,734,675,2067]" box="[170,408,2046,2067]" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">linear (0), transversal (1)</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BED9E68F408FFDDFCA5FF085F32FE26" blockId="4.[820,1459,152,1494]" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">
|
|||
|
|
upper and lower dentitions. The lingual wall of the M
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4CAA338DF408FFDDFA19FF085FF0FF78" box="[1416,1459,152,175]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="4" pageNumber="336" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
the
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="54E920CAF408FFDDFCCCFF2859F9FF18" box="[861,954,184,207]" pageId="4" pageNumber="336" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
maxilla of the species is heavily worn, which partly obscures proper assessement of its characters, just as in a second individual, attributed to this species but which shows important differences from the
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="54E920CAF408FFDDFB4FFE895F7DFEE7" box="[1246,1342,281,304]" pageId="4" pageNumber="336" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
, rendering its identification doubtful. Therefore, it is not strange to find that its systematic position is erratic. It is possibly related to
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C52E5EBF408FFDDFCC6FEE95E1EFE47" authorityName="SAVAGE" authorityYear="1965" box="[855,1117,377,400]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyaenodontidae" genus="Isohyaenodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="336" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andrewsi">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B926427AF408FFDDFCC6FEE95E1EFE47" box="[855,1117,377,400]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">Isohyaenodon andrewsi</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(van
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC3E399F408FFDDFB39FEE95F68FE47" author="Valen, L. van" box="[1192,1323,377,400]" pageId="4" pageNumber="336" pagination="217 - 284" refId="ref18242" refString="Valen, L. van (1967): New Paleocene insectivores and insectivore classification. - Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 135: 217 - 284." type="journal article" year="1967">Valen 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC3E399F408FFDDFAAFFEE95928FE67" author="Dashzeveg, D." pageId="4" pageNumber="336" pagination="233 - 256" refId="ref15832" refString="Dashzeveg, D. (1985): Nouveaux Hyaenodontinae (Creodonta, Mammalia) du Paleogene de Mongolie. - Annales de Paleontologie, 71: 233 - 256." type="journal article" year="1985">Dashzeveg 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) or to
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C52E5EBF408FFDDFC3EFE095FF0FE67" authority="(Morales et al. 1998 a)" baseAuthorityName="Morales" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[943,1459,409,432]" class="Mammalia" genus="Hyainailouros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Deltatheroida" pageId="4" pageNumber="336" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="napakensis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B926427AF408FFDDFC3EFE095E86FE67" box="[943,1221,409,432]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">Hyainailouros napakensis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC3E399F408FFDDFB40FE095FE8FE67" author="Morales, J. & Pickford, M. & Soria, D." box="[1233,1451,409,432]" pageId="4" pageNumber="336" pagination="633 - 638" refId="ref16706" refString="Morales, J., Pickford, M., Soria, D. (1998 a): A new creodont Metapterodon stromeri nov. sp. (Hyaenodontidae, Mammalia) from the early Miocene of Langental (Sperrgebiet, Namibia). - Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences, Paris, Serie Sciences de la Terre et des Planetes, 327: 633 - 638." type="journal article" year="1998">Morales et al. 1998a</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
)
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
or to the more hypercarnivorous species of the subfamily
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C52E5EBF408FFDDFCA5FE4A59A3FE26" authorityName="PILGRIM" authorityYear="1932" box="[820,992,474,497]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyaenodontidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="336" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Hyainailourinae">Hyainailourinae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC3E399F408FFDDFC7FFE4A5EDBFE26" author="Sole, F. & Lhuillier, J. & Adaci, M. & Bensalah, M. & Mahboubi, M. & Tabuce, R." box="[1006,1176,474,497]" pageId="4" pageNumber="336" pagination="303 - 322" refId="ref18072" refString="Sole, F., Lhuillier, J., Adaci, M., Bensalah, M., Mahboubi, M., Tabuce, R. (2014): The hyaenodontidans from the Gour Lazib area (? early Eocene, Algeria): implications concerning the systematics and the origin of the Hyainailourinae and Teratodontinae. - Journal of Systematic Paleontology, 12: 303 - 322. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 14772019.2013.795196" type="journal article" year="2014">Solé et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC3E399F408FFDDFB32FE4A5F26FE26" author="Borths, M. R. & Holdroyd, P. A. & Seiffert, E. R." box="[1187,1381,474,497]" pageId="4" pageNumber="336" refId="ref15479" refString="Borths, M. R. Holdroyd, P. A., Seiffert, E. R. (2016): Hyainailourine and Teratodontine cranial material from the late Eocene of Egypt and the application of parsimony and Bayesian methods to the phylogeny and biogeography of Hyaenodonta (Placentalia, Mammalia). - PeerJ, 4: e 2639 (87 pp.). https: // doi. org / 10.7717 / peerj. 2639" type="book" year="2016">Borths et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BED9E68F408FFDDFCCBFE6A5F4DFA01" blockId="4.[820,1459,152,1494]" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">
|
|||
|
|
Another possible correlation for
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C52E5EBF408FFDDFB5AFE6A5FEFFDC6" authorityName="SAVAGE" authorityYear="1965" box="[1227,1452,506,529]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyainailouridae" genus="Leakitherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="336" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hiwegi">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B926427AF408FFDDFB5AFE6A5FEFFDC6" box="[1227,1452,506,529]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">Leakitherium hiwegi</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, not only morphological, but also dimensional, could apply to
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C52E5EBF408FFDDFCC9FDAA5E33FD86" authorityName="SAVAGE" authorityYear="1965" box="[856,1136,570,593]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyaenodontidae" genus="Dissopsalis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="336" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pyroclasticus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B926427AF408FFDDFCC9FDAA5E33FD86" box="[856,1136,570,593]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">Dissopsalis pyroclasticus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, which has a robust lower dentition. The two forms also share the presence of wrinkled enamel and in addition have posterior molars (M2 – M1 and m3 – m2) which are similar in length. This is highly divergent from the interdental proportions in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C52E5EBF408FFDDFAA9FD2B59C8FD25" authorityName="PILGRIM" authorityYear="1910" class="Mammalia" family="Hyaenodontidae" genus="Dissopsalis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="336" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carnifex">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B926427AF408FFDDFAA9FD2B59C8FD25" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">Dissopsalis carnifex</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, in which the M2 and the m3 are noticeably larger than the M1 and m2. In fact,
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC3E399F408FFDDFBE4FD6B5F07FCC5" author="Morlo, M. & Miller, E. R. & El-Barkooky, A. N." box="[1141,1348,763,786]" pageId="4" pageNumber="336" pagination="145 - 159" refId="ref16949" refString="Morlo, M., Miller, E. R., El-Barkooky, A. N. (2007): Creodonta and Carnivora from Wadi Moghra, Egypt. - Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 27: 145 - 159. https: // doi. org / 10.1671 / 0272 - 4634 (2007) 27 [145: CACF" type="journal article" year="2007">Morlo et al. (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
indirectly suggested the possible generic separation of these taxa in their interpretation of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C52E5EBF408FFDDFBB4FCAC5E3DFC84" box="[1061,1150,828,851]" class="Mammalia" family="Teratodontidae" genus="Buhakia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="336" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B926427AF408FFDDFBB4FCAC5E3DFC84" box="[1061,1150,828,851]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">Buhakia</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
from Wadi Moghara, a new genus proposed by the authors, which they considered to be closer to
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C52E5EBF408FFDDFC76FCEC5E27FC44" authorityName="PILGRIM" authorityYear="1910" box="[999,1124,892,915]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyaenodontidae" genus="Dissopsalis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="336" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carnifex">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B926427AF408FFDDFC76FCEC5E27FC44" box="[999,1124,892,915]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">D. carnifex</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
than to
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C52E5EBF408FFDDFB5AFCEC5F3DFC44" authorityName="SAVAGE" authorityYear="1965" box="[1227,1406,892,915]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyaenodontidae" genus="Dissopsalis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="336" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pyroclasticus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B926427AF408FFDDFB5AFCEC5F3DFC44" box="[1227,1406,892,915]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">D. pyroclasticus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, but the separation was not formally proposed (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC3E399F408FFDDFAA8FC0C59F9FC04" author="Lewis, M. E. & Morlo, M." pageId="4" pageNumber="336" pagination="543 - 560" refId="ref16242" refString="Lewis, M. E., Morlo, M. (2010): Creodonta. - In: Werdelin, L., Sanders, W. (eds), Cenozoic Mammals of Africa. University of California Press, Berkeley, pp. 543 - 560. https: // doi. org / 10.1525 / california / 9780520257214.003.0026" type="book chapter" year="2010">Lewis and Morlo 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). In their supplementary table 2,
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC3E399F408FFDDFABAFC2C5938FC24" author="Borths, M. R. & Holdroyd, P. A. & Seiffert, E. R." pageId="4" pageNumber="336" refId="ref15479" refString="Borths, M. R. Holdroyd, P. A., Seiffert, E. R. (2016): Hyainailourine and Teratodontine cranial material from the late Eocene of Egypt and the application of parsimony and Bayesian methods to the phylogeny and biogeography of Hyaenodonta (Placentalia, Mammalia). - PeerJ, 4: e 2639 (87 pp.). https: // doi. org / 10.7717 / peerj. 2639" type="book" year="2016">Borths et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
pointed out that the protocones in the
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="54E920CAF408FFDDFAA4FC4C5FD1FC24" box="[1333,1426,988,1011]" pageId="4" pageNumber="336" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C52E5EBF408FFDDFCA5FC6D5E59FBC3" authorityName="SAVAGE" authorityYear="1965" box="[820,1050,1021,1044]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyainailouridae" genus="Leakitherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="336" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hiwegi">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B926427AF408FFDDFCA5FC6D5E59FBC3" box="[820,1050,1021,1044]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">Leakitherium hiwegi</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
“suggest larger talonid basins are expected on the lower dentition….”. This is possible as indicated above. Even though the
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="54E920CAF408FFDDFB32FBAD5F43FB83" box="[1187,1280,1085,1108]" pageId="4" pageNumber="336" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C52E5EBF408FFDDFAB4FBAD5938FBA3" authorityName="SAVAGE" authorityYear="1965" class="Mammalia" family="Hyainailouridae" genus="Leakitherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="336" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hiwegi">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B926427AF408FFDDFAB4FBAD5938FBA3" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">Leakitherium hiwegi</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
has a heavily worn lingual wall of the M2, the impression is that the protocone would have been at least as well-developed as in the M1. Another important feature is the strong groove between the paracone and metacone visible in the buccal side of the two cusps. The metacone is much better developed than the paracone in both molars, a condition also found in other taxa such as
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C52E5EBF408FFDDFAA9FA8E59C8FA82" authorityName="PILGRIM" authorityYear="1910" class="Mammalia" family="Hyaenodontidae" genus="Dissopsalis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="336" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carnifex">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B926427AF408FFDDFAA9FA8E59C8FA82" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">Dissopsalis carnifex</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. An analogous morphology, even though the teeth are more robust, occurs in the maxilla from Karungu described by
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC3E399F408FFDDFC53FAEF5E1EFA41" author="Savage, R. J. G." box="[962,1117,1407,1430]" pageId="4" pageNumber="336" pagination="239 - 316" refId="ref17738" refString="Savage, R. J. G. (1965): The Miocene Carnivora of East Africa. Fossil Mammals of Africa: 19. - Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Geology), 10: 239 - 316." type="journal article" year="1965">Savage (1965)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
as
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C52E5EBF408FFDDFB11FAEF5F26FA41" authorityName="STROMER" authorityYear="1926" box="[1152,1381,1407,1430]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyaenodontidae" genus="Metapterodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="336" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kaiseri">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B926427AF408FFDDFB11FAEF5F26FA41" box="[1152,1381,1407,1430]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">Metapterodon kaiseri</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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|
|
, which we here interpret as an indeterminate species of
|
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|
<taxonomicName id="4C52E5EBF408FFDDFAC2FA0F5FEFFA61" box="[1363,1452,1439,1462]" class="Mammalia" family="Teratodontidae" genus="Buhakia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="336" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
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<emphasis id="B926427AF408FFDDFAC2FA0F5FEFFA61" box="[1363,1452,1439,1462]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">Buhakia</emphasis>
|
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|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, and therefore relatively close to
|
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|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C52E5EBF408FFDDFB1DFA2F5F44FA01" authorityName="PILGRIM" authorityYear="1910" box="[1164,1287,1471,1494]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyaenodontidae" genus="Dissopsalis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="336" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
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|
|
<emphasis id="B926427AF408FFDDFB1DFA2F5F44FA01" box="[1164,1287,1471,1494]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">Dissopsalis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</treatment>
|
|||
|
|
</document>
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