treatments-xml/data/FF/E0/52/FFE052814ED053409306289B8279B47B.xml

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<mods:title id="A3C0812365EA56E263139E11522C1480">The genus Pterostichus in China III: a brief review of subgenus Chinapterus Berlov (Coleoptera, Carabidae) with descriptions of two new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CD7492E05EEC301AA6B4B6FAEA84F49C">Dorjderem, Sodnomtsog</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="27B946155DE060FDB3DEC930297C9BBE">Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China &amp; College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="DA863A5B74812D829764D961775A16D3">Shi, Hongliang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F59352A27BA9740EF42EDBF123C4AE7E">Liang, Hongbin</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A9BFD40A8718F80D1429EC0407535434">Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="FFE052814ED053409306289B8279B47B" ID-GBIF-Taxon="166016757" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FFE052814ED053409306289B8279B47B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FFE052814ED053409306289B8279B47B" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" scope_family="Carabidae" scope_order="Coleoptera" scope_subGenus="Chinapterus">
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<taxonomicName id="ED37EF6CDB4C77D1789EBA46B124139A" ID-CoL="8M8B5" LSID="FFE05281-4ED0-5340-9306-289B8279B47B" authority="Tschitscherine, 1888" authorityName="Tschitscherine" authorityYear="1888" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterostichus (Chinapterus) przewalskyi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="przewalskyi" subGenus="Chinapterus">
Pterostichus (Chinapterus) przewalskyi 
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, 1888
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<figureCitation id="5AE007DDB578BA23A5DBA750E5A638C9" captionStart="Figures 24–29" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 24 - 29. Habitus of Pterostichus (Chinapterus) spp. 24 Lectotype of P. przewalskyi, male (ZIN) 25 P. przewalskyi, male, LT: Hongxing (IZAS) 26 Holotype of P. lianhuaensis sp. nov. (IZAS) 27 Paratype of P. lianhuaensis sp. nov., male (IZAS) 28 Holotype of P. liupanensis sp. nov. (IZAS) 29 Paratype of P. liupanensis sp. nov., male (IZAS)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.953.52282.figures24-29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/436350" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Habitus, Figs 24</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="C1CF6B567F0DC1319431DE5DBA884215" captionStart="Figures 24–29" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 24 - 29. Habitus of Pterostichus (Chinapterus) spp. 24 Lectotype of P. przewalskyi, male (ZIN) 25 P. przewalskyi, male, LT: Hongxing (IZAS) 26 Holotype of P. lianhuaensis sp. nov. (IZAS) 27 Paratype of P. lianhuaensis sp. nov., male (IZAS) 28 Holotype of P. liupanensis sp. nov. (IZAS) 29 Paratype of P. liupanensis sp. nov., male (IZAS)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.953.52282.figures24-29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/436350" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">, 25</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="AC4A8DF4B8C9FF89A6F423B5D32D9509" captionStart="Figures 30–41" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 30 - 41. male genitalia of Pterostichus (Chinapterus) spp. 30 - 33 P. przewalskyi; 30 - 31 median lobe of aedeagus, dorsal and left lateral view, Lectotype (ZIN) 32, 33 endophallus, right and left lateral view, LT: Jigzhi (IZAS) 34 - 37 P. lianhuaensis sp. nov. 34, 35 median lobe of aedeagus, dorsal and left lateral view, Holotype (IZAS) 36, 37 endophallus, right and left lateral view, Paratype, LT: Lianhuashan (IZAS) 38 - 41 P. liupanensis sp. nov. 38, 39 median lobe of aedeagus, dorsal and left lateral view, Holotype (IZAS) 40, 41 endophallus, right and left lateral view, Paratype, LT: Liupanshan, Xixia (IZAS). Scale bars: 0.5 mm, abbreviations as stated in text." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.953.52282.figures30-41" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/436352" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">; male genitalia, Figs 30</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="7F573F5C6EE5FB5DCEF70179A46F5282" captionStart="Figures 30–41" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 30 - 41. male genitalia of Pterostichus (Chinapterus) spp. 30 - 33 P. przewalskyi; 30 - 31 median lobe of aedeagus, dorsal and left lateral view, Lectotype (ZIN) 32, 33 endophallus, right and left lateral view, LT: Jigzhi (IZAS) 34 - 37 P. lianhuaensis sp. nov. 34, 35 median lobe of aedeagus, dorsal and left lateral view, Holotype (IZAS) 36, 37 endophallus, right and left lateral view, Paratype, LT: Lianhuashan (IZAS) 38 - 41 P. liupanensis sp. nov. 38, 39 median lobe of aedeagus, dorsal and left lateral view, Holotype (IZAS) 40, 41 endophallus, right and left lateral view, Paratype, LT: Liupanshan, Xixia (IZAS). Scale bars: 0.5 mm, abbreviations as stated in text." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.953.52282.figures30-41" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/436352" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">, 33</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="33B2C96EF7E8433B4BED923C1A72A859" captionStart="Figures 42–57" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figures 42 - 57. male genitalia of Pterostichus (Chinapterus) spp. 42 - 46 Apex of median lobe, dorsal left view 42 P. przewalskyi, LT: Serxue (IZAS) 43 P. przewalskyi, LT: Jigzhi (IZAS) 44 P. przewalskyi, LT: Hongxing (IZAS) 45 P. lianhuaensis sp. nov. Holotype (IZAS) 46 P. liupanensis sp. nov. Holotype (IZAS) 47 - 57 right paramere, inner face 47 - 51 P. przewalskyi 52 - 54 P. lianhuaensis sp. nov. 55 - 57 P. liupanensis sp. nov. 47 Lectotype (ZIN) 48 LT: Jigzhi (IZAS) 49 LT: Jigzhi (IZAS) 50 LT: Hongxing (IZAS) 51 LT: Serxue (IZAS) 52 Holotype (IZAS) 53 Paratype, LT: Lianhuashan (IZAS) 54 Paratype, LT: Lianhuashan, Shahetan (IZAS) 55 Holotype (IZAS) 56 Paratype, LT: Liupanshan, Longtan (IZAS) 57 Paratype, LT: Liupanshan, Xixia (IZAS). Scale bars: 0.5 mm (42 - 45, 47 - 57); 0.2 mm (46)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.953.52282.figures42-57" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/436353" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">, 42</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="885483F9E3A3D2A7CB5F1A8671F3B4B3" captionStart="Figures 42–57" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figures 42 - 57. male genitalia of Pterostichus (Chinapterus) spp. 42 - 46 Apex of median lobe, dorsal left view 42 P. przewalskyi, LT: Serxue (IZAS) 43 P. przewalskyi, LT: Jigzhi (IZAS) 44 P. przewalskyi, LT: Hongxing (IZAS) 45 P. lianhuaensis sp. nov. Holotype (IZAS) 46 P. liupanensis sp. nov. Holotype (IZAS) 47 - 57 right paramere, inner face 47 - 51 P. przewalskyi 52 - 54 P. lianhuaensis sp. nov. 55 - 57 P. liupanensis sp. nov. 47 Lectotype (ZIN) 48 LT: Jigzhi (IZAS) 49 LT: Jigzhi (IZAS) 50 LT: Hongxing (IZAS) 51 LT: Serxue (IZAS) 52 Holotype (IZAS) 53 Paratype, LT: Lianhuashan (IZAS) 54 Paratype, LT: Lianhuashan, Shahetan (IZAS) 55 Holotype (IZAS) 56 Paratype, LT: Liupanshan, Longtan (IZAS) 57 Paratype, LT: Liupanshan, Xixia (IZAS). Scale bars: 0.5 mm (42 - 45, 47 - 57); 0.2 mm (46)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.953.52282.figures42-57" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/436353" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">, 43</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="C9DEC0555D08FAFCF8D3F591B2470238" captionStart="Figures 42–57" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figures 42 - 57. male genitalia of Pterostichus (Chinapterus) spp. 42 - 46 Apex of median lobe, dorsal left view 42 P. przewalskyi, LT: Serxue (IZAS) 43 P. przewalskyi, LT: Jigzhi (IZAS) 44 P. przewalskyi, LT: Hongxing (IZAS) 45 P. lianhuaensis sp. nov. Holotype (IZAS) 46 P. liupanensis sp. nov. Holotype (IZAS) 47 - 57 right paramere, inner face 47 - 51 P. przewalskyi 52 - 54 P. lianhuaensis sp. nov. 55 - 57 P. liupanensis sp. nov. 47 Lectotype (ZIN) 48 LT: Jigzhi (IZAS) 49 LT: Jigzhi (IZAS) 50 LT: Hongxing (IZAS) 51 LT: Serxue (IZAS) 52 Holotype (IZAS) 53 Paratype, LT: Lianhuashan (IZAS) 54 Paratype, LT: Lianhuashan, Shahetan (IZAS) 55 Holotype (IZAS) 56 Paratype, LT: Liupanshan, Longtan (IZAS) 57 Paratype, LT: Liupanshan, Xixia (IZAS). Scale bars: 0.5 mm (42 - 45, 47 - 57); 0.2 mm (46)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.953.52282.figures42-57" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/436353" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">, 44</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="ACA34B68CDF08E20C824504E272B7849" captionStart="Figures 42–57" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figures 42 - 57. male genitalia of Pterostichus (Chinapterus) spp. 42 - 46 Apex of median lobe, dorsal left view 42 P. przewalskyi, LT: Serxue (IZAS) 43 P. przewalskyi, LT: Jigzhi (IZAS) 44 P. przewalskyi, LT: Hongxing (IZAS) 45 P. lianhuaensis sp. nov. Holotype (IZAS) 46 P. liupanensis sp. nov. Holotype (IZAS) 47 - 57 right paramere, inner face 47 - 51 P. przewalskyi 52 - 54 P. lianhuaensis sp. nov. 55 - 57 P. liupanensis sp. nov. 47 Lectotype (ZIN) 48 LT: Jigzhi (IZAS) 49 LT: Jigzhi (IZAS) 50 LT: Hongxing (IZAS) 51 LT: Serxue (IZAS) 52 Holotype (IZAS) 53 Paratype, LT: Lianhuashan (IZAS) 54 Paratype, LT: Lianhuashan, Shahetan (IZAS) 55 Holotype (IZAS) 56 Paratype, LT: Liupanshan, Longtan (IZAS) 57 Paratype, LT: Liupanshan, Xixia (IZAS). Scale bars: 0.5 mm (42 - 45, 47 - 57); 0.2 mm (46)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.953.52282.figures42-57" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/436353" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">, 47-51</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="DF6E67A696437DAD2F2FC50520062387" captionStart="Figures 58–65" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 58 - 65. female genitalia of Pterostichus (Chinapterus) spp. 58, 59 Female reproductive system 58 P. singularis, LT: Pass Xining-Guide (IZAS) 59 P. przewalskyi, LT: Zhenqin (IZAS). Scale bar: 0.5 mm. 60 - 65 Female ovipositor 60, 61 P. przewalskyi, LT: Zhenqin (IZAS) 62, 63 P. lianhuaensis sp. nov., Paratype LT: Lianhuashan (IZAS) 64 - 65 P. singularis, LT: Pass Xining-Guide (IZAS) 60, 62, 64 Gonocoxite II, inner view, 61, 63, 65 Gonocoxite I, II, ventral view. Scale basr: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.953.52282.figures58-65" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/436355" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">; female genitalia, Figs 59-61</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="ED5CEC06B216FEA4B8552905A83EAC52" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="BD4E280D3CAA86CB5377C548E2C7AA11" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
<taxonomicName id="7DCE4863D866A6420F6BC1FD3108435D" authorityName="Tschitscherine" authorityYear="1888" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterostichus przewalskyi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="przewalskyi">Pterostichus przewalskyi</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="35F2C21363BED0C76C9B6D958C9C3B32" author="Tschitscherine, T" journalOrPublisher="Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" pagination="362 - 367" refId="B9" refString="Tschitscherine, T, 1888. Insecta in itinere CI.N. Przewalskii in Asia centrali novissime lecta. V. Pterostichini. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae 22: 362 - 367" title="Insecta in itinere CI. N. Przewalskii in Asia centrali novissime lecta. V. Pterostichini." volume="22" year="1888">
<normalizedToken id="72345BA460597D83017DA321469A5670" originalValue="Tschitschérine">Tschitscherine</normalizedToken>
1888
</bibRefCitation>
: 362 (syntypes in ZIN; type locality: Amdo); 
<normalizedToken id="6E975B472C9D3CDA8105D8BBBEFC697F" originalValue="Jedlička">Jedlicka</normalizedToken>
, 1962: 289 (sg. 
<taxonomicName id="FF5662199C00F57307C2D8B5B61C937F" baseAuthorityName="Tschitscherine" baseAuthorityYear="1898" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="(Oreophilus)" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Oreophilus">Oreophilus</taxonomicName>
); Sciaky, 1996: 437 (sg. 
<taxonomicName id="C599EA714711CDD99CE8E7E0EA78258A" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="(Sinoreophilus)" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Sinoreophilus">Sinoreophilus</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="333DF2CB916225D89DFC1E7636782177" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" type="type locality">
<paragraph id="A6B36242318BFF98036ED29F691C2FEF" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2416387786FBBACA3533A78E17AA668A" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
From the original description, the type localities are &quot;Amdo: 
<normalizedToken id="C2B6697E6E89EBC441C546578D0B763B" originalValue="près">pres</normalizedToken>
des 
<normalizedToken id="61D7B90DAD46A931272F48D802C0014C" originalValue="rivières">rivieres</normalizedToken>
Tala-tchu et By-tchu, aux sources du Jangtsekiang&quot;. By-tchu refers to the Buqu River in 
<normalizedToken id="8B9F2C7F7F2A5AF27516AD755FF6F7FD" originalValue="Qumarlêb">Qumarleb</normalizedToken>
County of Qinhai Province, and Tala-tchu probably refers to the Derqu River in Chindu County, but the detailed locality was not labeled for any examined type so the precise type locality for the lectotype is unclear.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="47975C54A1475C137304D37B3D874641" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" type="type series">
<paragraph id="761EB7D3C47F17C9ACF2BA5BCAA99E6F" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Type series.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A15190A9DDFD8812A16405F9B20346A6" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="E1CE4E8D944A712AAD0322CC3F428A0F" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Lectotype</emphasis>
of 
<taxonomicName id="DBBCA3BDFC7C92C7CFA9C4AF35FB0184" authorityName="Tschitscherine" authorityYear="1888" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterostichus przewalskyi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="przewalskyi">
<emphasis id="D53BA34FD5F7848462C172E19938884D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Pterostichus przewalskyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="11A6ABEC1EF1B7C46D57D867D5F722AD" originalValue="Tschitschérine">Tschitscherine</normalizedToken>
(designated herein), male (ZIN) [Figs 
<figureCitation id="D595CACF557D85EF26F09D38352D330C" captionStart="Figures 24–29" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 24 - 29. Habitus of Pterostichus (Chinapterus) spp. 24 Lectotype of P. przewalskyi, male (ZIN) 25 P. przewalskyi, male, LT: Hongxing (IZAS) 26 Holotype of P. lianhuaensis sp. nov. (IZAS) 27 Paratype of P. lianhuaensis sp. nov., male (IZAS) 28 Holotype of P. liupanensis sp. nov. (IZAS) 29 Paratype of P. liupanensis sp. nov., male (IZAS)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.953.52282.figures24-29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/436350" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">24</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="AFEB1388833C5A4070E910B2BA6E2526" captionStart="Figures 30–41" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 30 - 41. male genitalia of Pterostichus (Chinapterus) spp. 30 - 33 P. przewalskyi; 30 - 31 median lobe of aedeagus, dorsal and left lateral view, Lectotype (ZIN) 32, 33 endophallus, right and left lateral view, LT: Jigzhi (IZAS) 34 - 37 P. lianhuaensis sp. nov. 34, 35 median lobe of aedeagus, dorsal and left lateral view, Holotype (IZAS) 36, 37 endophallus, right and left lateral view, Paratype, LT: Lianhuashan (IZAS) 38 - 41 P. liupanensis sp. nov. 38, 39 median lobe of aedeagus, dorsal and left lateral view, Holotype (IZAS) 40, 41 endophallus, right and left lateral view, Paratype, LT: Liupanshan, Xixia (IZAS). Scale bars: 0.5 mm, abbreviations as stated in text." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.953.52282.figures30-41" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/436352" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">30</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="5951ED54C5ED81CAE40BD39D8E6D9D1A" captionStart="Figures 30–41" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 30 - 41. male genitalia of Pterostichus (Chinapterus) spp. 30 - 33 P. przewalskyi; 30 - 31 median lobe of aedeagus, dorsal and left lateral view, Lectotype (ZIN) 32, 33 endophallus, right and left lateral view, LT: Jigzhi (IZAS) 34 - 37 P. lianhuaensis sp. nov. 34, 35 median lobe of aedeagus, dorsal and left lateral view, Holotype (IZAS) 36, 37 endophallus, right and left lateral view, Paratype, LT: Lianhuashan (IZAS) 38 - 41 P. liupanensis sp. nov. 38, 39 median lobe of aedeagus, dorsal and left lateral view, Holotype (IZAS) 40, 41 endophallus, right and left lateral view, Paratype, LT: Liupanshan, Xixia (IZAS). Scale bars: 0.5 mm, abbreviations as stated in text." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.953.52282.figures30-41" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/436352" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">31</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="FDF314197588A86A0E2F71F167A10A9D" captionStart="Figures 42–57" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figures 42 - 57. male genitalia of Pterostichus (Chinapterus) spp. 42 - 46 Apex of median lobe, dorsal left view 42 P. przewalskyi, LT: Serxue (IZAS) 43 P. przewalskyi, LT: Jigzhi (IZAS) 44 P. przewalskyi, LT: Hongxing (IZAS) 45 P. lianhuaensis sp. nov. Holotype (IZAS) 46 P. liupanensis sp. nov. Holotype (IZAS) 47 - 57 right paramere, inner face 47 - 51 P. przewalskyi 52 - 54 P. lianhuaensis sp. nov. 55 - 57 P. liupanensis sp. nov. 47 Lectotype (ZIN) 48 LT: Jigzhi (IZAS) 49 LT: Jigzhi (IZAS) 50 LT: Hongxing (IZAS) 51 LT: Serxue (IZAS) 52 Holotype (IZAS) 53 Paratype, LT: Lianhuashan (IZAS) 54 Paratype, LT: Lianhuashan, Shahetan (IZAS) 55 Holotype (IZAS) 56 Paratype, LT: Liupanshan, Longtan (IZAS) 57 Paratype, LT: Liupanshan, Xixia (IZAS). Scale bars: 0.5 mm (42 - 45, 47 - 57); 0.2 mm (46)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.953.52282.figures42-57" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/436353" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">47</figureCitation>
], Amdo / Przewalskii m. Typ. Tschitscherin det / Zoological Institute Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg [yellow label]. 
<emphasis id="2BF8F2FBF535834D81AB798465938716" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Paralectotypes</emphasis>
of 
<taxonomicName id="7477B4563CBE186AB8624AF4DC52D413" authorityName="Tschitscherine" authorityYear="1888" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterostichus przewalskyi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="przewalskyi">
<emphasis id="14F95F816FA4C4FE3BA6B1CF8E35204C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Pterostichus przewalskyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="9BE364A794303E8614CF684DE2445E87" originalValue="Tschitschérine">Tschitscherine</normalizedToken>
, 1 male (ZIN), N. E. Thibet, 1884, Przewalsky / Przewalskii m. typ. Tschitscherin det / Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg [yellow label]. 1 female (NMPC), N.E. Thibet, 1884, Przewalsky. / przewalskii m., typ., Tschitscherin det / Type [red label] / przewalskii, typ., Tsch., Det. Tschitscherin [pink label].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A5BD5E062A4AE6FF93F2CF60B9D2340F" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" type="type material">
<paragraph id="E1078D66B5B1E2B892EDA672756A6618" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Non-type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="847C54702D5EE12130CA04292FEE1C02" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
1 female (IZAS), China, N Sichuan prov., Hongyuan, ca. 4200 m, 21.7-3.8.1991, J. Kalab leg. 1 male (IZAS) [Figs 
<figureCitation id="78C68F5242DD477304B85B61D1B904EB" captionStart="Figures 42–57" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figures 42 - 57. male genitalia of Pterostichus (Chinapterus) spp. 42 - 46 Apex of median lobe, dorsal left view 42 P. przewalskyi, LT: Serxue (IZAS) 43 P. przewalskyi, LT: Jigzhi (IZAS) 44 P. przewalskyi, LT: Hongxing (IZAS) 45 P. lianhuaensis sp. nov. Holotype (IZAS) 46 P. liupanensis sp. nov. Holotype (IZAS) 47 - 57 right paramere, inner face 47 - 51 P. przewalskyi 52 - 54 P. lianhuaensis sp. nov. 55 - 57 P. liupanensis sp. nov. 47 Lectotype (ZIN) 48 LT: Jigzhi (IZAS) 49 LT: Jigzhi (IZAS) 50 LT: Hongxing (IZAS) 51 LT: Serxue (IZAS) 52 Holotype (IZAS) 53 Paratype, LT: Lianhuashan (IZAS) 54 Paratype, LT: Lianhuashan, Shahetan (IZAS) 55 Holotype (IZAS) 56 Paratype, LT: Liupanshan, Longtan (IZAS) 57 Paratype, LT: Liupanshan, Xixia (IZAS). Scale bars: 0.5 mm (42 - 45, 47 - 57); 0.2 mm (46)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.953.52282.figures42-57" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/436353" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">42</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="D5C8BBA2F201B9FA6BB825F8F73A9F7C" captionStart="Figures 42–57" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figures 42 - 57. male genitalia of Pterostichus (Chinapterus) spp. 42 - 46 Apex of median lobe, dorsal left view 42 P. przewalskyi, LT: Serxue (IZAS) 43 P. przewalskyi, LT: Jigzhi (IZAS) 44 P. przewalskyi, LT: Hongxing (IZAS) 45 P. lianhuaensis sp. nov. Holotype (IZAS) 46 P. liupanensis sp. nov. Holotype (IZAS) 47 - 57 right paramere, inner face 47 - 51 P. przewalskyi 52 - 54 P. lianhuaensis sp. nov. 55 - 57 P. liupanensis sp. nov. 47 Lectotype (ZIN) 48 LT: Jigzhi (IZAS) 49 LT: Jigzhi (IZAS) 50 LT: Hongxing (IZAS) 51 LT: Serxue (IZAS) 52 Holotype (IZAS) 53 Paratype, LT: Lianhuashan (IZAS) 54 Paratype, LT: Lianhuashan, Shahetan (IZAS) 55 Holotype (IZAS) 56 Paratype, LT: Liupanshan, Longtan (IZAS) 57 Paratype, LT: Liupanshan, Xixia (IZAS). Scale bars: 0.5 mm (42 - 45, 47 - 57); 0.2 mm (46)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.953.52282.figures42-57" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/436353" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">51</figureCitation>
], Ch-NW Sichuan, 
<normalizedToken id="6940E74259B82C7D763C3F5C25B747C2" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
3700 m, 
<geoCoordinate id="674F511701269B23A7734791A60A8541" degrees="32.59" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="32.59">32.59N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="94956A9FFD0D2FF1ADA5150C6DC64E94" degrees="98.06" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="98.06">98.06E</geoCoordinate>
, 3+15/7, 
<normalizedToken id="8522399AA6D8D3B00C9643FB73F7F187" originalValue="SERXÜ">SERXUE</normalizedToken>
env. 1995, alpine meadow, Jaroslav Turna leg. 1 female (IZAS), Qinghai, Baima county, Makehe, Meilanggou, 2013.VI.28, D 3500 m, Chen Jin leg. 2 males (IZAS) [Figs 
<figureCitation id="85DB018182CB6B7F676FFE431D90AB11" captionStart="Figures 24–29" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 24 - 29. Habitus of Pterostichus (Chinapterus) spp. 24 Lectotype of P. przewalskyi, male (ZIN) 25 P. przewalskyi, male, LT: Hongxing (IZAS) 26 Holotype of P. lianhuaensis sp. nov. (IZAS) 27 Paratype of P. lianhuaensis sp. nov., male (IZAS) 28 Holotype of P. liupanensis sp. nov. (IZAS) 29 Paratype of P. liupanensis sp. nov., male (IZAS)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.953.52282.figures24-29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/436350" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">25</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="EB00CA0BF62F4C9DFD0237A69B6B7ED8" captionStart="Figures 42–57" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figures 42 - 57. male genitalia of Pterostichus (Chinapterus) spp. 42 - 46 Apex of median lobe, dorsal left view 42 P. przewalskyi, LT: Serxue (IZAS) 43 P. przewalskyi, LT: Jigzhi (IZAS) 44 P. przewalskyi, LT: Hongxing (IZAS) 45 P. lianhuaensis sp. nov. Holotype (IZAS) 46 P. liupanensis sp. nov. Holotype (IZAS) 47 - 57 right paramere, inner face 47 - 51 P. przewalskyi 52 - 54 P. lianhuaensis sp. nov. 55 - 57 P. liupanensis sp. nov. 47 Lectotype (ZIN) 48 LT: Jigzhi (IZAS) 49 LT: Jigzhi (IZAS) 50 LT: Hongxing (IZAS) 51 LT: Serxue (IZAS) 52 Holotype (IZAS) 53 Paratype, LT: Lianhuashan (IZAS) 54 Paratype, LT: Lianhuashan, Shahetan (IZAS) 55 Holotype (IZAS) 56 Paratype, LT: Liupanshan, Longtan (IZAS) 57 Paratype, LT: Liupanshan, Xixia (IZAS). Scale bars: 0.5 mm (42 - 45, 47 - 57); 0.2 mm (46)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.953.52282.figures42-57" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/436353" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">44</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="C5350F61BE140D646B75EF99AD8DA1BB" captionStart="Figures 42–57" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figures 42 - 57. male genitalia of Pterostichus (Chinapterus) spp. 42 - 46 Apex of median lobe, dorsal left view 42 P. przewalskyi, LT: Serxue (IZAS) 43 P. przewalskyi, LT: Jigzhi (IZAS) 44 P. przewalskyi, LT: Hongxing (IZAS) 45 P. lianhuaensis sp. nov. Holotype (IZAS) 46 P. liupanensis sp. nov. Holotype (IZAS) 47 - 57 right paramere, inner face 47 - 51 P. przewalskyi 52 - 54 P. lianhuaensis sp. nov. 55 - 57 P. liupanensis sp. nov. 47 Lectotype (ZIN) 48 LT: Jigzhi (IZAS) 49 LT: Jigzhi (IZAS) 50 LT: Hongxing (IZAS) 51 LT: Serxue (IZAS) 52 Holotype (IZAS) 53 Paratype, LT: Lianhuashan (IZAS) 54 Paratype, LT: Lianhuashan, Shahetan (IZAS) 55 Holotype (IZAS) 56 Paratype, LT: Liupanshan, Longtan (IZAS) 57 Paratype, LT: Liupanshan, Xixia (IZAS). Scale bars: 0.5 mm (42 - 45, 47 - 57); 0.2 mm (46)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.953.52282.figures42-57" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/436353" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">50</figureCitation>
], Sichuan, 
<normalizedToken id="45CA1F20F98B2644A1F7AD16D5D46505" originalValue="Zoigê">Zoige</normalizedToken>
county, 8km W. of Hongxing, wetland, 3236 m, 
<geoCoordinate id="5ED069C9BAE6D0E2ABA6A8146F175679" degrees="34.1236" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="34.1236">34.1236N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="D1636F89298139EBFCEA4ADFEBC0DC68" degrees="102.6545" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="102.6545">102.6545E</geoCoordinate>
, under rock, 2016.VII.25, Shi HL lgt. 3 males and 1 female (IZAS) [Figs 
<figureCitation id="E2E6F921C827E213CE88F566B502EF7A" captionStart="Figures 30–41" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 30 - 41. male genitalia of Pterostichus (Chinapterus) spp. 30 - 33 P. przewalskyi; 30 - 31 median lobe of aedeagus, dorsal and left lateral view, Lectotype (ZIN) 32, 33 endophallus, right and left lateral view, LT: Jigzhi (IZAS) 34 - 37 P. lianhuaensis sp. nov. 34, 35 median lobe of aedeagus, dorsal and left lateral view, Holotype (IZAS) 36, 37 endophallus, right and left lateral view, Paratype, LT: Lianhuashan (IZAS) 38 - 41 P. liupanensis sp. nov. 38, 39 median lobe of aedeagus, dorsal and left lateral view, Holotype (IZAS) 40, 41 endophallus, right and left lateral view, Paratype, LT: Liupanshan, Xixia (IZAS). Scale bars: 0.5 mm, abbreviations as stated in text." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.953.52282.figures30-41" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/436352" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">32</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="775EF62B17732BB895571BD97E2CF132" captionStart="Figures 30–41" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 30 - 41. male genitalia of Pterostichus (Chinapterus) spp. 30 - 33 P. przewalskyi; 30 - 31 median lobe of aedeagus, dorsal and left lateral view, Lectotype (ZIN) 32, 33 endophallus, right and left lateral view, LT: Jigzhi (IZAS) 34 - 37 P. lianhuaensis sp. nov. 34, 35 median lobe of aedeagus, dorsal and left lateral view, Holotype (IZAS) 36, 37 endophallus, right and left lateral view, Paratype, LT: Lianhuashan (IZAS) 38 - 41 P. liupanensis sp. nov. 38, 39 median lobe of aedeagus, dorsal and left lateral view, Holotype (IZAS) 40, 41 endophallus, right and left lateral view, Paratype, LT: Liupanshan, Xixia (IZAS). Scale bars: 0.5 mm, abbreviations as stated in text." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.953.52282.figures30-41" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/436352" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">33</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="8E9CF2C3B4DBD13881065D6A1513CED5" captionStart="Figures 42–57" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figures 42 - 57. male genitalia of Pterostichus (Chinapterus) spp. 42 - 46 Apex of median lobe, dorsal left view 42 P. przewalskyi, LT: Serxue (IZAS) 43 P. przewalskyi, LT: Jigzhi (IZAS) 44 P. przewalskyi, LT: Hongxing (IZAS) 45 P. lianhuaensis sp. nov. Holotype (IZAS) 46 P. liupanensis sp. nov. Holotype (IZAS) 47 - 57 right paramere, inner face 47 - 51 P. przewalskyi 52 - 54 P. lianhuaensis sp. nov. 55 - 57 P. liupanensis sp. nov. 47 Lectotype (ZIN) 48 LT: Jigzhi (IZAS) 49 LT: Jigzhi (IZAS) 50 LT: Hongxing (IZAS) 51 LT: Serxue (IZAS) 52 Holotype (IZAS) 53 Paratype, LT: Lianhuashan (IZAS) 54 Paratype, LT: Lianhuashan, Shahetan (IZAS) 55 Holotype (IZAS) 56 Paratype, LT: Liupanshan, Longtan (IZAS) 57 Paratype, LT: Liupanshan, Xixia (IZAS). Scale bars: 0.5 mm (42 - 45, 47 - 57); 0.2 mm (46)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.953.52282.figures42-57" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/436353" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">49</figureCitation>
], Qinghai, Jigzhi county, E. of Luanshitou pass; alpine meadow; 4091 m; 
<geoCoordinate id="72772DB5E085AED3B3FBCEFC2BE9BF67" degrees="33.4008" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="33.4008">33.4008N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="D74B716F96E6A932229E352994C40DEB" degrees="101.2537" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="101.2537">101.2537E</geoCoordinate>
; 2017.VIII.2, pitfall trap, SHI HL, LU ZB, ZHU PZ &amp; YAN WF leg. 1 male (IZAS) [Figs 
<figureCitation id="FB7A116D0994DCDF40570FE8CCF39E1C" captionStart="Figures 42–57" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figures 42 - 57. male genitalia of Pterostichus (Chinapterus) spp. 42 - 46 Apex of median lobe, dorsal left view 42 P. przewalskyi, LT: Serxue (IZAS) 43 P. przewalskyi, LT: Jigzhi (IZAS) 44 P. przewalskyi, LT: Hongxing (IZAS) 45 P. lianhuaensis sp. nov. Holotype (IZAS) 46 P. liupanensis sp. nov. Holotype (IZAS) 47 - 57 right paramere, inner face 47 - 51 P. przewalskyi 52 - 54 P. lianhuaensis sp. nov. 55 - 57 P. liupanensis sp. nov. 47 Lectotype (ZIN) 48 LT: Jigzhi (IZAS) 49 LT: Jigzhi (IZAS) 50 LT: Hongxing (IZAS) 51 LT: Serxue (IZAS) 52 Holotype (IZAS) 53 Paratype, LT: Lianhuashan (IZAS) 54 Paratype, LT: Lianhuashan, Shahetan (IZAS) 55 Holotype (IZAS) 56 Paratype, LT: Liupanshan, Longtan (IZAS) 57 Paratype, LT: Liupanshan, Xixia (IZAS). Scale bars: 0.5 mm (42 - 45, 47 - 57); 0.2 mm (46)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.953.52282.figures42-57" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/436353" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">43</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="B6822BB9F59197F11894E27600803D70" captionStart="Figures 42–57" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figures 42 - 57. male genitalia of Pterostichus (Chinapterus) spp. 42 - 46 Apex of median lobe, dorsal left view 42 P. przewalskyi, LT: Serxue (IZAS) 43 P. przewalskyi, LT: Jigzhi (IZAS) 44 P. przewalskyi, LT: Hongxing (IZAS) 45 P. lianhuaensis sp. nov. Holotype (IZAS) 46 P. liupanensis sp. nov. Holotype (IZAS) 47 - 57 right paramere, inner face 47 - 51 P. przewalskyi 52 - 54 P. lianhuaensis sp. nov. 55 - 57 P. liupanensis sp. nov. 47 Lectotype (ZIN) 48 LT: Jigzhi (IZAS) 49 LT: Jigzhi (IZAS) 50 LT: Hongxing (IZAS) 51 LT: Serxue (IZAS) 52 Holotype (IZAS) 53 Paratype, LT: Lianhuashan (IZAS) 54 Paratype, LT: Lianhuashan, Shahetan (IZAS) 55 Holotype (IZAS) 56 Paratype, LT: Liupanshan, Longtan (IZAS) 57 Paratype, LT: Liupanshan, Xixia (IZAS). Scale bars: 0.5 mm (42 - 45, 47 - 57); 0.2 mm (46)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.953.52282.figures42-57" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/436353" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">48</figureCitation>
], Qinghai, Jigzhi county, Luanshitou pass; alpine meadow; 4212 m; 
<geoCoordinate id="7CAD2484A5C600315A76F1E0443B4567" degrees="33.3986" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="33.3986">33.3986N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="AF4C9EE8CA97404858C5D04770B0E175" degrees="101.2432" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="101.2432">101.2432E</geoCoordinate>
; 2017.VIII.2, under stone, SHI HL, LU ZB, ZHU PZ &amp; YAN WF leg. 8 females (IZAS) [Figs 
<figureCitation id="17B5F78AF4CF6050093D0F0850CBBBA2" captionStart="Figures 58–65" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 58 - 65. female genitalia of Pterostichus (Chinapterus) spp. 58, 59 Female reproductive system 58 P. singularis, LT: Pass Xining-Guide (IZAS) 59 P. przewalskyi, LT: Zhenqin (IZAS). Scale bar: 0.5 mm. 60 - 65 Female ovipositor 60, 61 P. przewalskyi, LT: Zhenqin (IZAS) 62, 63 P. lianhuaensis sp. nov., Paratype LT: Lianhuashan (IZAS) 64 - 65 P. singularis, LT: Pass Xining-Guide (IZAS) 60, 62, 64 Gonocoxite II, inner view, 61, 63, 65 Gonocoxite I, II, ventral view. Scale basr: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.953.52282.figures58-65" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/436355" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">59-61</figureCitation>
], Qinghai, Chidu county, 2 km S of Zhenqin; alpine wetland, 4329 m, 
<geoCoordinate id="6F8E5CC115A4B674744F24A0EA093BAE" degrees="33.3908" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="33.3908">33.3908N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="252590ACB465E7A5D0855675BF950684" degrees="97.2977" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="97.2977">97.2977E</geoCoordinate>
, 2017.VII.27, under stone, SHI HL, LU ZB, ZHU PZ &amp; YAN WF leg.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FA73CAC366709CA2ACDCFA44ADC1AEF4" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="309F5AC18D7062EC6D36C1B26DC18258" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A238CF97AC7A6C9A6AFFE04223D67A6A" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Femora reddish brown. Pronotum cordate; lateral margins strongly sinuate before basal angles; basal angles right-angled, clearly pointed outwards. Elytral basal fovea depressed between inner and outer grooves; basal pore present; third interval often with two setigerous pores. Fifth tarsomere glabrous ventrally; right paramere strongly elongate and bent, apex rounded, not declined to dorsum.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="87E8018B864D1C7CBF56BC32F5D33098" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" type="description">
<paragraph id="ADEFBD4C1398CA5516049CE74AE2BDA2" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9A066429D81DF65A01C3D14EF36002F8" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
BL 12.0-13.4 mm, BW 4.8-5.6 mm. Robust, black, femora reddish brown except black apex; elytra slightly shiny. 
<emphasis id="6DDA1DA32519F606ACF9A04C9B45BB8E" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Head</emphasis>
large, frons smooth or very sparsely punctate; genae short, less than one-third length of eyes; eyes prominent. 
<emphasis id="C4C0F62EBFD768B699071263942E257F" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Pronotum</emphasis>
cordate; widest slightly before middle, PW/PL = 1.33-1.41; lateral margins largely rounded before the middle, strongly sinuate before basal angles; one mid-lateral seta present at apical third; basal margin slightly wider than apical margin, PBW/PAW = 1.02-1.12; basal angles rectangular, clearly protruding outwards; basal foveae deep, inner and outer grooves faintly defined, inner groove straight, distant from basal margin, outer groove shorter than inner one, extending to basal margin; basal fovea depressed between inner and outer grooves, coarsely punctate in basal fovea; area between outer groove and lateral margin hardly convex; disc convex, smooth, slightly transversely rugose; apical angle rounded, not protruding. 
<emphasis id="ED59BAA179063B1E4F555AC14409078B" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Elytra</emphasis>
oblong, EL/EW = 1.42-1.45; basal ridge slightly oblique; shoulder rounded, basal ridge and lateral margin forming an obtuse angle, humeral tooth small and obtuse; apical plica indistinct; basal setigerous pores present; scutellar striae complete; intervals slightly convex; microsculpture similar in both sexes, finely isodiametric; third interval usually with two setigerous pores, at basal two-fifths and two-thirds respectively, occasionally with one or three pores on one elytron, all adjacent to second stria; ninth interval with umbilical series regularly arranged, slightly sparser in the middle; striae deep, indistinctly punctate. Fifth tarsomere glabrous ventrally; meso- and metatarsomere I and II with outer groove. Terminal ventrite shallowly depressed and finely rugose in males. 
<emphasis id="BD0AAD0D05DE2D8F807B81AA040DD345" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Male genitalia.</emphasis>
Ventral margin of median lobe nearly straight at middle, gradually bent downwards near apex; apical orifice opening left-dorsally; apical lamella small, rounded triangular, length sub-equal to basal width, apex rounded (Figs 
<figureCitation id="3CD7111DAF32BDED3E6E1F4B77F2C5C3" captionStart="Figures 30–41" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 30 - 41. male genitalia of Pterostichus (Chinapterus) spp. 30 - 33 P. przewalskyi; 30 - 31 median lobe of aedeagus, dorsal and left lateral view, Lectotype (ZIN) 32, 33 endophallus, right and left lateral view, LT: Jigzhi (IZAS) 34 - 37 P. lianhuaensis sp. nov. 34, 35 median lobe of aedeagus, dorsal and left lateral view, Holotype (IZAS) 36, 37 endophallus, right and left lateral view, Paratype, LT: Lianhuashan (IZAS) 38 - 41 P. liupanensis sp. nov. 38, 39 median lobe of aedeagus, dorsal and left lateral view, Holotype (IZAS) 40, 41 endophallus, right and left lateral view, Paratype, LT: Liupanshan, Xixia (IZAS). Scale bars: 0.5 mm, abbreviations as stated in text." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.953.52282.figures30-41" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/436352" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">30</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="247865C3C63945CF204D78518622CADF" captionStart="Figures 30–41" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 30 - 41. male genitalia of Pterostichus (Chinapterus) spp. 30 - 33 P. przewalskyi; 30 - 31 median lobe of aedeagus, dorsal and left lateral view, Lectotype (ZIN) 32, 33 endophallus, right and left lateral view, LT: Jigzhi (IZAS) 34 - 37 P. lianhuaensis sp. nov. 34, 35 median lobe of aedeagus, dorsal and left lateral view, Holotype (IZAS) 36, 37 endophallus, right and left lateral view, Paratype, LT: Lianhuashan (IZAS) 38 - 41 P. liupanensis sp. nov. 38, 39 median lobe of aedeagus, dorsal and left lateral view, Holotype (IZAS) 40, 41 endophallus, right and left lateral view, Paratype, LT: Liupanshan, Xixia (IZAS). Scale bars: 0.5 mm, abbreviations as stated in text." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.953.52282.figures30-41" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/436352" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">31</figureCitation>
); apical lamella slightly twisted, forming a continuously curved dorsal-left surface (Figs 
<figureCitation id="B1A2D73A0FE7F8C5C1FCCE2622C62602" captionStart="Figures 42–57" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figures 42 - 57. male genitalia of Pterostichus (Chinapterus) spp. 42 - 46 Apex of median lobe, dorsal left view 42 P. przewalskyi, LT: Serxue (IZAS) 43 P. przewalskyi, LT: Jigzhi (IZAS) 44 P. przewalskyi, LT: Hongxing (IZAS) 45 P. lianhuaensis sp. nov. Holotype (IZAS) 46 P. liupanensis sp. nov. Holotype (IZAS) 47 - 57 right paramere, inner face 47 - 51 P. przewalskyi 52 - 54 P. lianhuaensis sp. nov. 55 - 57 P. liupanensis sp. nov. 47 Lectotype (ZIN) 48 LT: Jigzhi (IZAS) 49 LT: Jigzhi (IZAS) 50 LT: Hongxing (IZAS) 51 LT: Serxue (IZAS) 52 Holotype (IZAS) 53 Paratype, LT: Lianhuashan (IZAS) 54 Paratype, LT: Lianhuashan, Shahetan (IZAS) 55 Holotype (IZAS) 56 Paratype, LT: Liupanshan, Longtan (IZAS) 57 Paratype, LT: Liupanshan, Xixia (IZAS). Scale bars: 0.5 mm (42 - 45, 47 - 57); 0.2 mm (46)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.953.52282.figures42-57" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/436353" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">42-44</figureCitation>
). Right paramere strongly elongate and curved, the obtuse angle between basal portion and apical portion 100-105°; apex slightly thick, well rounded, not or weakly bent to dorsum (Figs 
<figureCitation id="B1DAE13DBA0B93108D40F2350E5418D9" captionStart="Figures 42–57" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figures 42 - 57. male genitalia of Pterostichus (Chinapterus) spp. 42 - 46 Apex of median lobe, dorsal left view 42 P. przewalskyi, LT: Serxue (IZAS) 43 P. przewalskyi, LT: Jigzhi (IZAS) 44 P. przewalskyi, LT: Hongxing (IZAS) 45 P. lianhuaensis sp. nov. Holotype (IZAS) 46 P. liupanensis sp. nov. Holotype (IZAS) 47 - 57 right paramere, inner face 47 - 51 P. przewalskyi 52 - 54 P. lianhuaensis sp. nov. 55 - 57 P. liupanensis sp. nov. 47 Lectotype (ZIN) 48 LT: Jigzhi (IZAS) 49 LT: Jigzhi (IZAS) 50 LT: Hongxing (IZAS) 51 LT: Serxue (IZAS) 52 Holotype (IZAS) 53 Paratype, LT: Lianhuashan (IZAS) 54 Paratype, LT: Lianhuashan, Shahetan (IZAS) 55 Holotype (IZAS) 56 Paratype, LT: Liupanshan, Longtan (IZAS) 57 Paratype, LT: Liupanshan, Xixia (IZAS). Scale bars: 0.5 mm (42 - 45, 47 - 57); 0.2 mm (46)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.953.52282.figures42-57" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/436353" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">47-51</figureCitation>
). Endophallus bent to the ventral side of aedeagus, major portion of endophallus located at ventral side of median lobe apex; gp opened to basal-dorsum; gpl large and coniform; gpp large and cap-like, on the ventral side of gp; two groups of lobes recognized: rl on ventral-right surface of endophallus, large, rounded or apex a little pointed; lbl on ventral-left surface of endophallus, divided into two clearly separated sub-lobes, the basal one large and nearly rounded, the apical one much smaller than the basal one; lal absent (Figs 
<figureCitation id="6CABA4AA9F49F270B8C255B521ED1895" captionStart="Figures 30–41" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 30 - 41. male genitalia of Pterostichus (Chinapterus) spp. 30 - 33 P. przewalskyi; 30 - 31 median lobe of aedeagus, dorsal and left lateral view, Lectotype (ZIN) 32, 33 endophallus, right and left lateral view, LT: Jigzhi (IZAS) 34 - 37 P. lianhuaensis sp. nov. 34, 35 median lobe of aedeagus, dorsal and left lateral view, Holotype (IZAS) 36, 37 endophallus, right and left lateral view, Paratype, LT: Lianhuashan (IZAS) 38 - 41 P. liupanensis sp. nov. 38, 39 median lobe of aedeagus, dorsal and left lateral view, Holotype (IZAS) 40, 41 endophallus, right and left lateral view, Paratype, LT: Liupanshan, Xixia (IZAS). Scale bars: 0.5 mm, abbreviations as stated in text." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.953.52282.figures30-41" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/436352" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">32</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="FB01B17E9F898F92407F81D34FE5AA3B" captionStart="Figures 30–41" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 30 - 41. male genitalia of Pterostichus (Chinapterus) spp. 30 - 33 P. przewalskyi; 30 - 31 median lobe of aedeagus, dorsal and left lateral view, Lectotype (ZIN) 32, 33 endophallus, right and left lateral view, LT: Jigzhi (IZAS) 34 - 37 P. lianhuaensis sp. nov. 34, 35 median lobe of aedeagus, dorsal and left lateral view, Holotype (IZAS) 36, 37 endophallus, right and left lateral view, Paratype, LT: Lianhuashan (IZAS) 38 - 41 P. liupanensis sp. nov. 38, 39 median lobe of aedeagus, dorsal and left lateral view, Holotype (IZAS) 40, 41 endophallus, right and left lateral view, Paratype, LT: Liupanshan, Xixia (IZAS). Scale bars: 0.5 mm, abbreviations as stated in text." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.953.52282.figures30-41" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/436352" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">33</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="FD595DA1C855154E44A70240DF3D05AF" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Female genitalia.</emphasis>
Gonocoxite II of ovipositor slightly slender, length ca. 2.5 times maximum width; inner and outer margins near straight, each with one ensiform setae before middle, apex narrowly rounded, with two very short nematiform setae in a groove (Figs 
<figureCitation id="9D3996478ED0B21415E3DEEBCB47CE7A" captionStart="Figures 58–65" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 58 - 65. female genitalia of Pterostichus (Chinapterus) spp. 58, 59 Female reproductive system 58 P. singularis, LT: Pass Xining-Guide (IZAS) 59 P. przewalskyi, LT: Zhenqin (IZAS). Scale bar: 0.5 mm. 60 - 65 Female ovipositor 60, 61 P. przewalskyi, LT: Zhenqin (IZAS) 62, 63 P. lianhuaensis sp. nov., Paratype LT: Lianhuashan (IZAS) 64 - 65 P. singularis, LT: Pass Xining-Guide (IZAS) 60, 62, 64 Gonocoxite II, inner view, 61, 63, 65 Gonocoxite I, II, ventral view. Scale basr: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.953.52282.figures58-65" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/436355" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">60</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="F062462A8E3660A25AA740FB64D712DA" captionStart="Figures 58–65" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 58 - 65. female genitalia of Pterostichus (Chinapterus) spp. 58, 59 Female reproductive system 58 P. singularis, LT: Pass Xining-Guide (IZAS) 59 P. przewalskyi, LT: Zhenqin (IZAS). Scale bar: 0.5 mm. 60 - 65 Female ovipositor 60, 61 P. przewalskyi, LT: Zhenqin (IZAS) 62, 63 P. lianhuaensis sp. nov., Paratype LT: Lianhuashan (IZAS) 64 - 65 P. singularis, LT: Pass Xining-Guide (IZAS) 60, 62, 64 Gonocoxite II, inner view, 61, 63, 65 Gonocoxite I, II, ventral view. Scale basr: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.953.52282.figures58-65" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/436355" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">61</figureCitation>
). Spermatheca moderately long and tube-like, length ca. 15 times maximum width (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="EF558FB103577F2E4883C6EE70BB4ECB" captionStart="Figures 58–65" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 58 - 65. female genitalia of Pterostichus (Chinapterus) spp. 58, 59 Female reproductive system 58 P. singularis, LT: Pass Xining-Guide (IZAS) 59 P. przewalskyi, LT: Zhenqin (IZAS). Scale bar: 0.5 mm. 60 - 65 Female ovipositor 60, 61 P. przewalskyi, LT: Zhenqin (IZAS) 62, 63 P. lianhuaensis sp. nov., Paratype LT: Lianhuashan (IZAS) 64 - 65 P. singularis, LT: Pass Xining-Guide (IZAS) 60, 62, 64 Gonocoxite II, inner view, 61, 63, 65 Gonocoxite I, II, ventral view. Scale basr: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.953.52282.figures58-65" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/436355" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">59</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="772D17A5229724309386A88099B8988B" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="6BBDA5CD0746F433EE6E830C71F4E820" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EC3E7D24F716B72B94EF6DDBBA4CD3CF" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
Qinghai (southeast part), Sichuan (northwest part). Probably also in southwest Gansu (Map 
<figureCitation id="105F5346218AAE706EFA683841AA12F8" captionStart="Map 2" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Map 2. Distributions for P. przewalskyi." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.953.52282.map2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/436349" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">2</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="30203057654E4B8724F62C70A7C8337F" doi="10.3897/zookeys.953.52282.map2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/436349" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" start="Map 2" startId="F6">
<paragraph id="17FD57DE2B031F53CA6F76B2C4204110" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="EFFF673031CB3DE243DD6C8973B3F688" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Map 2.</emphasis>
Distributions for 
<taxonomicName id="B6625942626803AAA20A3245876B2C4E" lsidName="P. przewalskyi" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" rank="species" species="przewalskyi">
<emphasis id="79369196AB9A671FE446E6C8635D2E8D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">P. przewalskyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B9E2611766E50E4129E996700ACCB33A" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" type="habitat">
<paragraph id="DC053D3BC2E811C94557910E073ABA55" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C97A1EB2CDF6E18E04D7E0BFA644CF6D" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">This hygrophilous species tends to live in wet habitats such as wetlands or the banks of seasonal streams on alpine meadows.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9141417C909958C2FFC3B47B86B577EB" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="D2036C6B631C03D10218C9B5965BA79A" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B1EA67A18248977C3F128785766EA054" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
This species was described based on an unspecified number of specimens from &quot;Amdo: 
<normalizedToken id="0CB162CE1785DEA5677B154D46E398D2" originalValue="près">pres</normalizedToken>
des 
<normalizedToken id="C1F5B28595561A2ED6151FD47049E3AA" originalValue="rivières">rivieres</normalizedToken>
Tala-tchu et By-tchu&quot; collected by Przewalsky in 1884. In the collection of ZIN, we examined two males which matched with the original literature. We designated the male with its genitalia dissected as the lectotype herein, for the taxonomic purpose of fixing the species name to a single specimen and preventing further confusion.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8E0816C1D7A27DF583B9B4D58D63585A" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
<bibRefCitation id="772A2D351C75AF93CA5E7C9AFD553A66" author="Sciaky, R" journalOrPublisher="Entomofauna" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" pagination="429 - 439" refId="B6" refString="Sciaky, R, 1996. New taxa and new synonyms among Pterostichinae from Asia (Coleoptera Carabidae). Entomofauna 17: 429 - 439" title="New taxa and new synonyms among Pterostichinae from Asia (Coleoptera Carabidae)." volume="17" year="1996">Sciaky (1996)</bibRefCitation>
assigned this species to the subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="BA27164980E881B9FC300A579C989BD0" lsidName="(Sinoreophilus)" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Sinoreophilus">Sinoreophilus</taxonomicName>
due to external similarities but this species has its right paramere strongly elongated and the elytral microsculpture is similar in both sexes, supporting a close relationship to 
<taxonomicName id="58F051485B736458764AB3D6FBF361FC" lsidName="P. singularis" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" rank="species" species="singularis">
<emphasis id="5A479A25F23A48EE448C319B7E1B4CF1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">P. singularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. So, we herein moved it from the subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="5DD1977E47F5274FE4F26920BD987334" lsidName="(Sinoreophilus)" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Sinoreophilus">Sinoreophilus</taxonomicName>
to the subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="E8336B6D2F6E1CBD470D1D2923C2C297" lsidName="(Chinapterus)" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Chinapterus">Chinapterus</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>