<documentID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1003.56557"ID-GBIF-Dataset="1035018b-1a43-4681-8ba9-ca62c8bb4ee8"ID-PMC="PMC7752890"ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1003-83"ID-Pensoft-UUID="3CD12B279B9C50768125F2697B2F0E98"ID-PubMed="33384563"ID-ZooBank="5D883EC653064AC3A0D78CA867324596"ModsDocID="1313-2970-1003-83"checkinTime="1607975014278"checkinUser="pensoft"docAuthor="Meyer, Marc De, Goergen, Georg & Jordaens, Kurt"docDate="2020"docId="5FE515FAB57450EA8BA4EAC3B32B9FB0"docLanguage="en"docName="ZooKeys 1003: 83-160"docOrigin="ZooKeys 1003"docPubDate="2020-12-14"docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1003.56557"docTitle="Senaspis dentipes"docType="treatment"docVersion="5"id="3CD12B279B9C50768125F2697B2F0E98"lastPageNumber="83"masterDocId="3CD12B279B9C50768125F2697B2F0E98"masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of the Afrotropical hover fly genus Senaspis Macquart (Diptera, Syrphidae)"masterLastPageNumber="160"masterPageNumber="83"pageNumber="83"updateTime="1732488424427"updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:titleid="9A5CE152CC8F89F8BEDCADC6E49879BB">Taxonomic revision of the Afrotropical hover fly genus Senaspis Macquart (Diptera, Syrphidae)</mods:title>
<mods:affiliationid="470FCED8D21858E756A84CA8B5563261">Royal Museum for Central Africa, Invertebrates Section and JEMU, Leuvensesteenweg 13, B 3080 Tervuren, Belgium</mods:affiliation>
<mods:affiliationid="273853B8C7231CA3A6FB401A1EA45548">International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Biodiversity Centre, 08 BP 0932 Tri Postal, Cotonou, Benin</mods:affiliation>
<mods:affiliationid="9944BBF44AA56F375B3C20DB3C016EF0">Royal Museum for Central Africa, Invertebrates Section and JEMU, Leuvensesteenweg 13, B 3080 Tervuren, Belgium</mods:affiliation>
<bibRefCitationid="0E5C53A0D60C9CD79C4B28ACBF1A775F"author="Smith, KGV"editor="Crosskey, RW"journalOrPublisher="British Museum (Natural History), London"pageId="0"pageNumber="83"pagination="488 - 510"refId="B46"refString="Smith, KGV, Vockeroth, JR, 1980. 38. Family Syrphidae. In: Crosskey, RW, Ed., Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London: 488 - 510"title="38. Family Syrphidae."volumeTitle="Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region."year="1980">Smith and Vockeroth (1980)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="45E79A835940608A357C07705CF1106F"DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1909.tb08562.x"author="Austen, EE"journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Zoological Society of London"pageId="0"pageNumber="83"pagination="85 - 102"refId="B2"refString="Austen, EE, 1909. Ruwenzori expedition reports. 10. Diptera. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London 19: 85 - 102, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1909.tb08562.x"title="Ruwenzori expedition reports. 10. Diptera."url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1909.tb08562.x"volume="19"year="1909">Austen (1909)</bibRefCitation>
<taxonomicNameid="A1095C5BB2A19EA12F7B8A202262101B"class="Insecta"family="Syrphidae"genus="Protylocera"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"kingdom="Animalia"lsidName="Protylocera aesacus subsp. var. var. livida"order="Diptera"pageId="0"pageNumber="83"phylum="Arthropoda"rank="variety"species="aesacus"subSpecies="var."variety="livida">Protylocera aesacus var. livida</taxonomicName>
) by the absence of orange pile on the abdominal terga and the presence of a single distinct ventral swelling in the apical fifth of the metafemur (Fig.
<taxonomicNameid="8033BB29C1FFCC9DBFB3BA998BDDB8AE"class="Insecta"family="Syrphidae"genus="Protylocera"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"kingdom="Animalia"lsidName="Protylocera aesacus subsp. var. var. livida"order="Diptera"pageId="0"pageNumber="83"phylum="Arthropoda"rank="variety"species="aesacus"subSpecies="var."variety="livida">Protylocera aesacus var. livida</taxonomicName>
Angola • 1♀; Congulu, Apr. 1934; K. Jordan leg.; NHMUK • 1♂; 7 mi W Gabela; 16-18 Mar. 1972; NHMUK. Benin • 1♀; Ahozon; Jun. 2005; G. Goergen leg.; IITA • 1♂; Calavi, IITA Station; 4 Apr. 1994; G. Goergen leg.; IITA • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 4 Aug. 1995 • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 5 Mar. 1997 • 1♂ 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; Jun. 2006 • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; 18 Apr. 2007 • 4♂♂ 2♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; Jun. 2007 • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; 16 Nov. 2011; K. Jordaens leg.; KMMA • 11♂♂ 3♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; 8 Dec. 2013 • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; 16 Dec. 2013 • 3♀♀; Cotonou; 3 Jun. 1914; W.A. Lamborn leg.; NHMUK • 1♂; Cotonou; 24 Sep. 2002; G. Goergen leg.; IITA • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; May 2006 • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 25 Apr. 2012 • 1♀; Dassa; Aug. 2007; G. Goergen leg.; IITA • 1♂; Lama forest; 26 Jul. 1995; G. Goergen leg.; IITA • 1♂; Lokoli; Feb. 2006; G. Goergen leg.; IITA • 1♂; Lokossa; Jan. 2005; G. Goergen leg.; IITA • 2♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; Oct. 2005 • 2♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; Jan. 2006 • 2♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; Mar. 2006 • 1♀; Niaouli; Jun. 2003; G. Goergen leg.; IITA • 1♀; Ouidah; Nov. 2004; G. Goergen leg.; IITA • 2♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; May 2006 • 1♂ 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 23 Apr. 2009 • 1♂;
leg.; KBIN • 2♂♂ 1♀; Kibira NP, Rwegura; 31 May 2018; E. Sinzinkayo leg.; OBPE • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 28 Nov. 2019 • 1♀; Kisenyi; May 1955; F.J.
leg.; KBIN • 1♂; Lake Nyanza; 7 [?] 2013; L. Ndayikeza leg.; OPBE • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; 23 [?] 2013 • 1♂; Nyakibande, Mumirwa; 27 Jan. 2018; E. Sinzinkayo leg.; OBPE • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 16 May 2018 • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; 24 Apr. 2019 • 2♂♂ 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 14 Jul. 2019 • 2♀♀; Nyamurembe, Bururi; 7 Mar. 1953; P. Basilewsky leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Rumonge; 1934; A. Lestrade leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Rumonge; 19-20 Jun. 1948; F.
leg.; KBIN • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 25 Nov. 1948 • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 25 Feb. 1949 • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 19 May 1952 • 1♀; Rumonge; 7 Mar. 1953; P. Basilewsky leg.; KMMA • 1♀ Usumbura [= Bujumbura]; G. Pierrard leg.; KMMA. Cameroon • 2♀♀; Bafut Forest, Nguenba; 29 Nov. 1967; de
leg.; MHNH • 1♂; Batanga; 24 Jun. 1911; A.I. Good leg.; CNC • 1♀; Ebogo; 9 Jul. 1999; G. Goergen leg.; IITA • 1♀; Kumba-Victoria Rd boundary post; 9 Nov. 1949; H. Oldroyd leg.; NHMUK • 1♀; Lolodorf; 28 Aug. 1915; A.I. Good leg.; CNC • 2♂♂; Mbalmayo; 3 Jul. 1998; G. Goergen leg.; IITA • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; 2 Aug. 2000 • 1♀; Victoria [= Limbe]; Jun. -Aug. 1917; F.H. Fitz Roy leg.; NHMUK. Democratic republic of the Congo • 1♀; Abok; 1927; Ch. Scops leg.; KMMA • 2♀♀; Albertville [= Kalemie]; 14 Aug. 1953; J. Verbeke leg.; KBIN • 1♂; Bambesa; 30 Oct. 1933; J.V. Leroy leg.; KMMA • 1♂; Bambesa; 6 Jul. 1937; J. Vrydagh leg.; CNC • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 2 Oct. 1937; KMMA • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 24 Mar. 1939; KBIN • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 3 Jun. 1939; KBIN • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 11 Nov. 1940; KMMA • 1♀; Barumbu; Aug. 1925; J.
leg.; KBIN • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 12 Aug. 1935 • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 19 Nov. 1935 • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; 12 Nov. 1936 • 1♀; Elisabethville [= Lubumbashi]; Nov. 1932; C.V. Hirschberg leg.; KBIN • 1♀; Elisabethville [= Lubumbashi]; Nov. 1933; M. Bequaert leg.; KBIN • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; 22 Apr. 1934 • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 3 Mar. 1935 • 1♂; Elisabethville [= Lubumbashi]; 1-6 Sep. 1932; de Loose leg.; KMMA • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 24 Nov. 1932 • 1♀; Faradje; 30 Mar. 1912; Lang and Chapin leg.; KMMA • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; Nov. 1912 • 1♀; Idjwi Island, Kivu; 8 Nov. 1952; J. Verbeke leg.; KBIN • 1♀; Jadotville [= Likasi]; J. Muller leg.; KBIN • 3♂♂; Kadjudju; Feb. 1932; G. Babault leg.; MHNH • 4♂♂ 4♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; May-Jun. 1932 • 2♂♂ 8♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; Aug. 1932 • 2♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; Sep. 1932 • 1♀; Kapanga; Nov. 1932; F.G. Overlaet leg.; KMMA • 2♂♂ 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; Dec. 1932 • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; Mar. 1933 • 1♀; Kasongo; 10 Sep. 1959; P.L.G. Benoit leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Katoko-Kobe; 10-20 Jan. 1958; Segers leg.; KBIN • 1♀; Katompe; 12 Dec. 1923; M. Bequaert leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Kimuenza; Sep. 1962; M.J. Deheegher leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Kisantu; 1927; P. Vanderyst leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Komi, Sankuru; Dec. 1930; J.
; Aug. 1913; Lang and Chapin leg.; AMNH • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; KMMA • 1♂; Pweto, Katanga; Oct. 1926; A. Bayet leg.; KMMA • 3♂♂ 1♀; Stanleyville [= Kisangani]; Mar. 1915; Lang and Chapin leg.; AMNH • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; CNC • 3♂♂ 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; KMMA • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 6 Apr. 1915; CNC • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 7 Apr. 1915; KMMA • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 14 Apr. 1915 • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; Apr. 1915 • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; KBIN • 1♀; Tshibamba, Lulua; Mar. 1932; F.G. Overlaet leg.; KMMA • 4♀♀; Uvira, Kivu; 25 Aug. 1957; P. Basilewsky leg.; KMMA. Equatorial Guinea • 1♂; Fernando Po [= Bioko Island], Basile; Aug. 1901; L. Fea leg.; MCSNG • 1♂; Musola; Jan. 1902; L. Fea leg.; MCSNG • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; Mar. 1902 • 1♀; Punta Frailes; Oct.-Nov. 1901; L. Fea leg.; MCSNG • 1♂ 1♀; San Benito [= Mbini]; 1885; Guiral leg.; MHNH. Ethiopia • 1♂; Arba-Minch, Lake Chano; 19 Oct. 2012; A. Pauly leg.; KMMA. Gabon • 1♂; Ipassa, route de Makokou; 2-17 May 1974; M. Donskoff and J. Le Breton leg.; MHNH. Ghana • 1♀; Accra; 1-20 Jul. 1988; M. Hauser leg.; CDFA • 1♀; Buroburo, Kumasi; 4 Jun. 1976; A.B. Stam leg.; KMMA • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 12 Jul. 1976 • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 17 Jul. 1976 • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 28 Jul. 1976 • 1♀; Cape Coast; Dec. 2004; G. Goergen leg.; IITA • 1♂; Obuasi, Ashanti; 8 Aug. 1906; W.M. Graham leg.; NHMUK • 2♂♂ 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 25 Aug. 1907 • 1♀; Takoradi; 2-6 Jun. 1957; G.H. Heinrich leg.; CNC • 1♂; Tsito; 26 Jan. 1969; O.W. Richards leg.; NHMUK • 2♂♂ 1♀; Wati Waterfalls; Feb. 2003; G. Goergen leg.; IITA • 1♀; Worawora; Mar. 2005; G. Goergen leg.; IITA. Guinea Bissau • 1♂ 2♀♀; Bolama; Jun.-Dec. 1899; L. Fea leg.; MCSNG.
<bibRefCitationid="2AABEC178D892467A8EABF2674ED25AA"author="Smith, KGV"editor="Crosskey, RW"journalOrPublisher="British Museum (Natural History), London"pageId="0"pageNumber="83"pagination="488 - 510"refId="B46"refString="Smith, KGV, Vockeroth, JR, 1980. 38. Family Syrphidae. In: Crosskey, RW, Ed., Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London: 488 - 510"title="38. Family Syrphidae."volumeTitle="Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region."year="1980">Smith and Vockeroth (1980)</bibRefCitation>
; 1913; E. Ellenberger leg.; MHNH. Sierra Leone • 1♀; Bomaru; 8 Aug. 1912; J.J. Simpson leg.; NHMUK • 1♀; Daru; 31 Jul. 1912; J.J. Simpson leg.; NHMUK • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 18 Aug. 1912 • 1♀; Ka-Yima; 23 Jun. 1912; J.J. Simpson leg.; NHMUK • 1♀; Lungi; 14 Jul. 1959; C.P. Hoyt leg.; NHMUK. South Africa • 1♂; Dukuduku, between St Lucia and Matubatuba; 7-8 Apr. 1960; B. Stuckenberg leg.; NMSA • 1♀; Empangeni; 15 Apr. 2003; P. Reavell leg.; NMSA • 1♀; False Bay Park Reserve, Mpophomeni Trail area; 2 Jan. 1996; J. and A. Londt leg.; NMSA • 1♂ 1♀; Hazyview, Kruger Park Lodge area; 1-7 Oct. 2010; J. and A. Londt leg.; NMSA • 1♀; Middlekop; 11 Mar. 1979; NMSA • 1♂; Mpenjati Nature Reserve; 20 Mar. 2010; J. and A. Londt leg.; NMSA • 2♂♂ 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 22-23 Jan. 2011 • 1♂; San Lameer Resort area; 11 Feb. 2012; J. and A. Londt leg.; NMSA. Tanzania • 1♀; Amani; G. Pringle leg.; NHMUK • 1♂; Kibonoto, Kilimanjaro; 29 Apr. 1906;
leg.; MNB • 1♀; Kigoma; 1924; C.R. Steel leg.; NHMUK • 1♂; Lembene, Usambara; 7 Jun. 1916; T.J. Anderson leg.; NHMUK • 3♀♀; Morogoro; J.G. Halcrow leg.; NHMUK • 1♂ 1♀; Morogoro; 16 May 1925; A.H. Ritchie leg.; NHMUK • 1♂ 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 18 May 1925 • 1♂ 2♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; 20 May 1925 • 2♂♂ 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 28 Jun. 1925 • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 10 Jun. 1925 • 1♀; Morogoro, Uluguru; A.G. Wilkins leg.; NHMUK • 1♀; Moschi; 1904; Alluaud leg.; MHNH. Togo • 1♀;
; 24-25 Jan. 2016; K. Jordaens leg.; KMMA • 1♂ 1♀; Kloto; 5 May 1996; G. Goergen leg.; IITA • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 3 Jul. 1997 • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; Mar. 2000 • 6♂♂ 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; Aug. 2003 • 13♂♂ 5♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; Jan. 2004 • 3♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; Feb. 2004 • 31♂♂ 3♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; Mar. 2004 • 5♂♂ 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; Apr. 2004 • 1♂ 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; Jun. 2004 • 2♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; Nov. 2004 • 1♂ 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; Jan. 2005 • 4♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; Feb. 2005 • 3♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; Mar. 2005 • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; Sep. 2005 • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; Nov. 2005 • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; Dec. 2005 • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; Feb. 2006 • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; May 2007 • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; Jun. 2007 • 2♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; Oct. 2007 • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; Jan. 2008 • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; Jul. 2008 • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; Jul. 2015 • 1♀; Kloto Forest; Jun. 2004; G. Goergen leg.; IITA • 1♂; Kuma-Tokpli; 21-24 Jan. 2016; K. Jordaens leg.; KMMA • 1♂; Lokossa; Jun. 2006; G. Goergen leg.; IITA • 1♀;
). Eye bare; holoptic, eye contiguity for distance equal to length of ocellar triangle, facets dorsally slightly larger, at most twice as large in diameter as ventral ones. Frons black to black-brown; largely subshiny, with greyish brown pollinosity in dorsal fifth and along eye margins; with very dispersed, short pale pile. Face black to black-brown; subshiny with pale brownish to greyish pollinosity, in parts more densely so, medial part and ventral margins largely devoid of pollinosity; in parts with dispersed long pale pile; facial tubercle strongly pronounced. Gena colour and pollinosity as ventral lateral margins of face, with short to long pale pile. Occiput black-brown, covered with dull grey pollinosity; with dispersed pale pile. Antennal segments black-brown, basoflagellomere apically slightly paler; arista pale to dark yellow.
<taxonomicNameid="EB01C18AD36266F546262EEB2002A038"lsidName="S. umbrifera"pageId="0"pageNumber="83"rank="species"species="umbrifera">S. nr umbrifera</taxonomicName>
). Scutum subshiny black; grey pollinose, except on anterior part of scutellum, at transverse suture and along lateral margins where more densely orange-brown pollinose; with short pale pile, anteriorly and on notopleuron somewhat longer. Scutellum pale brownish to orange-brown, anterior margin narrowly darker; with short pale pile. Pleura ground colour black-brown, sparsely greyish pollinose; covered with dispersed long pale pile, anterior anepimeron sometimes partially black pilose; pilosity absent on meron, dorsomedial anepimeron, anterior part of katepisternum and anterior anepisternum. Scutellum apical margin weakly rounded, distinctly marginated, 2.5 times as wide as long.
) distinctly thickened, with one distinct ventral swelling in apical fifth, with dense short stout setae on swelling; metatibia thickened and slightly curved, with pile along ventral margin not distinctly more dense.
). Faint yellowish brown tinge, towards posterior margin and apex more greyish; with distinct dark brown macula running from anterior margin and covering most of stigma, parts of cell r1 and r2+3, distal part of cell br and basal part of r4+5, decreasing in colour on anterior part of cell dm; distally of brown macula more hyaline patch. Calypters yellow-white, in medial part more pale brownish; with fringe of yellow-white pile. Cell r1 variable, usually closed with petiole at most equal to height of base of stigma but usually shorter, sometimes closed but petiole missing; vein R4+5 sinuate, usually not appendiculate, rarely with short appendix.
). Subshiny brown to black-brown, postabdomen more reddish brown; with greyish to greyish brown pollinosity, except for anteromedial macula on terga I and II, pair of sublateral maculae on terga I-III and posterior part of tergum IV where more shining; with short dark pile, except tergum I, anterior margin tergum II, and lateral margins of all terga where pale pile. Sterna orange-brown to black-brown, with short dispersed pale pile. Male genitalia as in Fig.
) dichoptic, facets equal to subequal in size. Frons subshiny black to black-brown in ventral protruding part, dorsally with greyish to greyish brown pollinosity. Postabdominal terga often less reddish brown; subshiny maculae sometimes more extensive and more pronounced.
Macquart mentioned the geographic origin of the type as "de Java". No label on the lectotype pin indicates a locality or region, and the locality is probably an error. The type specimen of
bears a lectotype label with designation by F.C. Thompson in 1977. The original description did not indicate the number of specimens examined by Macquart but only made reference to the fact that the description is based on male only and that material is housed in the
(referring to MNHN). No additional specimens could be traced in the MNHN collection. The lectotype designation (made in accordance with recommendation 73♀ of the ICZN (Thompson pers. comm.)) has not been published elsewhere.
<bibRefCitationid="A87EBD7DE4E9FADCAD2706AA70771AD8"author="Loew, H"journalOrPublisher="Ofversigt af Kongliga Svenska Vetenskapakademiens Forhandlingar Stockholm"pageId="0"pageNumber="83"pagination="337 - 383"publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/43967181"refId="B36"refString="Loew, H, 1858. Bidrag till kaennedomen om Afrikas Diptera [part]. Ofversigt af Kongliga Svenska Vetenskapakademiens Forhandlingar Stockholm 14 (1857): 337 - 383, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/43967181"title="Bidrag till kaennedomen om Afrikas Diptera [part]."url="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/43967181"volume="14"year="1858">Loew 1858</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="4BD890054FA054DDED54E9EBF30C5591"author="Loew, H"journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins zu Sachsen und Thueringen in Halle"pageId="0"pageNumber="83"pagination="57 - 402"publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8687188"refId="B37"refString="Loew, H, 1860. Die Dipteren-Fauna Suedafrika's. Erste Abtheilung. Abhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins zu Sachsen und Thueringen in Halle 2 (1858-1861): 57 - 402, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8687188"title="Die Dipteren-Fauna Suedafrika's. Erste Abtheilung."url="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8687188"volume="2"year="1860">Loew (1860)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="296F827CBE752D920CA63DDCCCF0935C"author="Karsch, FA"journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Nachrichten"pageId="0"pageNumber="83"pagination="97 - 105"publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/32444246"refId="B30"refString="Karsch, FA, 1887. Dipteren von Pungo-Andongo, gesammelt von Herrn Major Alexander von Homeyer (Forsetzung 4 und Schluss). Entomologische Nachrichten 13: 97 - 105, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/32444246"title="Dipteren von Pungo-Andongo, gesammelt von Herrn Major Alexander von Homeyer (Forsetzung 4 und Schluss)."url="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/32444246"volume="13"year="1887">Karsch (1887)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="0DEF7A3529D99D9DFAB220F6597365BE"author="Smith, KGV"editor="Crosskey, RW"journalOrPublisher="British Museum (Natural History), London"pageId="0"pageNumber="83"pagination="488 - 510"refId="B46"refString="Smith, KGV, Vockeroth, JR, 1980. 38. Family Syrphidae. In: Crosskey, RW, Ed., Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London: 488 - 510"title="38. Family Syrphidae."volumeTitle="Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region."year="1980">Smith and Vockeroth (1980)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="8395537A465845FA79894AB2BAF5985E"author="Bezzi, M"journalOrPublisher="Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Genova"pageId="0"pageNumber="83"pagination="400 - 443"publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/10812452"refId="B4"refString="Bezzi, M, 1912. Ditteri racolti de Leonardo Fe adurante il suo viaggio nell'Africa occidentale. Parte 1a: Syrphidae. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Genova 45: 400 - 443, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/10812452"title="Ditteri racolti de Leonardo Fe adurante il suo viaggio nell'Africa occidentale. Parte 1 a: Syrphidae."url="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/10812452"volume="45"year="1912">Bezzi (1912)</bibRefCitation>
. He pointed out the few morphological differences and suggested that they could be just teneral specimens, which did not attain their full colours and wing markings.
<bibRefCitationid="922A57E33DF3AD37E526A390A0DD7712"author="Smith, KGV"editor="Crosskey, RW"journalOrPublisher="British Museum (Natural History), London"pageId="0"pageNumber="83"pagination="488 - 510"refId="B46"refString="Smith, KGV, Vockeroth, JR, 1980. 38. Family Syrphidae. In: Crosskey, RW, Ed., Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London: 488 - 510"title="38. Family Syrphidae."volumeTitle="Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region."year="1980">Smith and Vockeroth (1980)</bibRefCitation>
to species rank. Examination of the type material, however, indicates that Bezzi was correct in considering these as teneral specimens and that there is no morphological evidence for considering
